1.
Study On Autologous And Homologous Platelet Rich Plasma As A Surgical Wound Healing Promoter In Rabbits
by Muhammad Shahid Tahir (2012-VA-996) | Dr. Uzma Farid Durrani | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Wound healing is a complex process in which tissue repairs itself with the complete or incomplete regeneration. During recent years, new advances have been employed in the monarchy of tissue healing by initiation of use of platelet rich plasma (PRP) as a wound healing promoter in both soft and hard tissue surgeries. Platelet rich plasma is highly potentiated with growth and healing factors that can lead to marked acceleration in the tissue adaptation, repair and healing as compared to PRP non-facilitated healing process. This study was conducted on 16 adult healthy rabbits contributing 2 different groups, each group with 8 rabbits. Rabbits of both groups were surgically operated for skin autogenous grafting. Group A received an application of autologous PRP subcutaneously and in the surroundings of the graft defect, while group B received homologous PRP. Efficacy of both autologous and homologous PRP was evaluated on the basis of selected macroscopic and microscopic (histopathological) parameters of tissue repair and healing. The results, obtained in form of grades, were statistically analyzed by graphical representations. A successful use of autologous and homologous PRP with the desired results did not only boost up the surgical success rate in the specie under study but it opened a new vista on the same lines for other species to bring a better wound healing process. This study uprooted the conventional methods of managing wounds associated with injuries and helped the animals to get confidently satisfactory health status. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2452-T] (1).
2.
Comparative Efficacy Of Polypropylene And Polyester Mesh For The Repair Of Abdominal Wall Defect In Pigeons
by Muhammad Naveed Ali (2007-VA-114) | Dr. Hamad Bin Rashid | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Polypropylene is a widely used biomaterial for the treatment of ventral abdominal wall hernias. It exhibit pain, prominent inflammatory response and foreign body reaction. Polyester (Polyethylene terephthalate) is hydrophilic material works with body’s natural systems to improve tissue integration while reducing negative foreign material response. Polyester offers extremely lower pain intensity and less foreign body reaction.
The purpose of designated research was to compare the efficacy of polypropylene and polyester meshes for the treatment of abdominal defect. Both are non-absorbable meshes. Polypropylene mesh is available in Pakistan with the trade name of Prolene® (Ethicon,Johnson & Johnson, USA). Polyester mesh is not available inPakistan and was acquired from Al Zahrawi Medical, a local healthcare company in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Polyester mesh is available with brandname of (Parietex®, Covidien, France).
The experimental study was conducted on 16 (sixteen) healthy pigeons presented for massive abdominal defect repair. All birds were thoroughly examined to rule out any other anomaly before study. The birds were allocated into two different groups, viz. Group A and Group B with 8 birds in each group respectively. All treatments were administered intramuscularly using 1 ml insulin syringe. The Polypropylene mesh (Prolene®, Ethicon) was used for the treatment of abdominal repair for group A. The birds of group B was treated with Polyester mesh (Parietex®, Covidien). Ventral abdominal wall repair was performed in both groups using Polypropylene and Polyester mesh respectively. The surgery was performed at Surgery Section, Department of CMS, UVAS, Lahore for 3 months duration (including adaptation and postoperative period). Both meshes were compared on the basis of postoperative complications (wound healing, pain evaluation, hematoma, seroma and abscess formation), inflammatory responses and adhesion formation after application of mesh fixation.
During experiment, it was observed that polypropylene mesh resulted in a prominent pain sensation, persistent inflammatory reaction, proliferating fibroblast, more granulating tissue, macrophages appearance, increased connective tissue thickness and proliferating collagen fibre. It was observed that Polyester mesh resulted in less pain sensation, no foreign body reaction, no neutrophil appearance and rare granulating tissue. Polyester mesh showed remarkable advantages over polypropylene mesh in terms lower pain level, reduced size seroma and extremely less scar tissue formation.
Based upon all the findings it was concluded that polyester mesh is safer and more effective in terms of post-operative complications and outcomes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2495-T] (1).
3.
Crop Repair Using Different Ingluviotomy Techniques In Pigeon
by Rashid Hussain (2007-VA-138) | Dr. Naveed Hussain | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood | Dr. Waseem Yaqub.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Crop is the pivotal organ of the birds’ body. The primary function of the crop is the storage of food. When the crop is full,it becomes more prominent as well as slight pendulous and more prone to trauma. Such wounds lead to the crop fistula formation in birds. Fortunately crop has a good blood supply and heals well. Ingluviotomy performed by making an incision on left lateral cervical region over the crop to minimize disruption of vasculature and complications associated with tube feeding in recovery period. The present study was conducted to compare the different suturing techniques for Ingluviotomy in pigeons (Columba livia domestica).Thirty Pigeons weighing between 275 gm to 350 gm were managed from nearby area of Lahore and were kept in experimental cages of Surgery Section (CMS) of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. The present study was conducted to compare the different suturing techniques along with glue for Ingluviotomy in pigeons (Columba livia domestica).These pigeons were divided into three experimental groups i.e. Group A, B and C comprising ten pigeons each. In group A comprising of ten (10) pigeons underwent single layer closure with the help of absorbable suture material (Vicryl®) 4-0 using simple continuous suture pattern. Temperature, pulse and respiration were observed at different days from day 1 to day 30 in all groups. The pigeon of group A (single layer closure), showed more variation in temperature, pulse and respiration as compared with the group B ( double layer closure) and C (closure with glue). The bird of group B showed less variation in temperature, pulse and respiration and was normal after few days of surgery. The birds of group C also showed fever and rise in temperature but it was less than the birds of group A and showed more variation in temperature, pulse respiration than birds of group B. Pigeons in Group A (single layer closure) showed poor healing in overall period. At day 30 only 30% of the birds showed complete healing while 40% bird were still in healing phase, the dead percentage was 30. While in term of leakage at day 20, zero percent of the birds
SUMMARY
49
showed leakage while no leakage percentage was 70% and the dead percentage was 30. Pigeons in Group B (double layer closure) showed significant good healing during the research period. At day 30 total of 80% of the birds were completely healed while 20 % bird in healing phase, percentage of no wound healing and the dead was zero. In term of leakage, at day 20 total of 100% of the birds were showed no leakage, leakage percentage was zero percent and the dead percentage was zero. In group C ( closure with glue) At day 30 , 50% of the birds were completely healed, 20% birds were in healing phase, no wound healing percentage was 10% , dead percentage was 20 and wound dehiscence was zero percent. While in term of leakage, at day 20 only 50% of the birds showed no leakage, leakage percentage was 30% and the dead percentage was 20 %. In term of postmortem changes it was noticed that fibrosis and narrowing of crop lumen was less in double layer closure birds it showed good healing. In birds treated with single layer closure showed more fibrosis and narrowing of crop lumen while in group where glue is used less narrowing of crop lumen and more fibrosis was seen which showed poor healing.
Conclusion
The verdict based explanations for better and reliable closure technique for ingluviotomy in pigeons using double layer closure is that this procedure enables proper apposition of crop edges and in addition, there is less tension at apposed site. Besides this, there is more vascular supply in the crop area,that enhances faster and reliable healing of crop repair. As the double layer closure stands to be novel procedure for crop repair, it should be used by avian surgeons worldwide. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2518-T] (1).
4.
Effects Of Partial And Complete Splenectomy On Blood Parameters Of Rabbit
by Waleed Iqbal (2009-va-151) | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood | Dr. Hammad bin Rasheed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: A comparative study of 2 procedures i.e. partial and complete splenectomy was performed to assess their clinical application. For this, 16 experimental rabbits were divided into 2 groups i.e. A and B with 8 rabbits in each group. In Group A, complete splenectomy whereas in group B, partial splenectomy was performed.
The parameters evaluated for the success of splenectomy procedure were erythrocyte, leucocyte and platelet count and readings were observed on day 0 (before surgery) and day 10, 20 and 30 (after the procedure).
Erythrocyte count
The values of all the 8 rabbits in group A, when recorded on day 0, were falling in the physiological range of erythrocyte count (5-8 x 106/uL), as all the rabbits were healthy and non-operated. This is in accordance with the physiological findings as depicted by Merck in 2015.
Later on, when the second reading was obtained at day 10 (after surgery), a decrease in the level of erythrocytes was noted (within normal range) in 6 rabbits of this group. This is in compliance with the findings of Mole (1925) who observed an immediate drop in erythrocytes after complete splenectomy. Similarly Dellenback et al. (1969) has also reported a decrease in haemoglobin concentration after splenectomy procedure though his study was on beagle dogs. On the other hand, Lorber et al. (1958) has also reported obvious change in erythrocyte count after such procedure. This decrease in erythrocyte count immediately after splenectomy might be partly due to haemorrhage at the operation site and partly due to the removal of spleen which may replenish the loss of erythrocytes. Furthermore this removal of spleen must temporarily upset the balance of the haemopoietic system.
However anemia was recorded in only 2 rabbits i.e. rabbit no. A2 and A4 where the erythrocytes value had dropped below the normal range. Chaudhary et al (1997) has also reported anemia in dogs after complete splenectomy and related it to the loss of spleen-iron regulatory function. The iron storage was impaired temporarilyand furthermore there is loss of iron from kidneys. This might result in decreased erythrocyte count as well as synthesis of erythrocyte was also impaired due to depletion of iron from body (Waldmann et al., 1960).
. The third reading was taken on day 20 post-operatively and it was noted that the value of erythrocyte concenteration dropped further in rabbit no. A1, A3, A5, A6, A7 and A8 though the values were still in normal range, indicating that the body homeostasis had not managed to bring the erythrocyte count back to its day 0 normal level. Similar findings were reported by Mole on 21 days and Bolbol et al. in 1981 had reported the same findings but his study was in sheep.
On the other hand, the two rabbits which showed anemia on day 10 started recovering at day 20 and their erythrocyte level showed improvement though it was lower than its original value but was falling in normal range indicating the restoration of erythropoiesis in body. When the last reading was taken on day 30, the erythrocyte levels of all rabbits were almost near to 0 day normal values. Our finding is in compliance with Mole (1925) who stated that this increase in erythrocytes after day 10 to day 30 was due to a persistence of the old erythrocytes which would otherwise have been destroyed in the presence of the spleen. The drop in erythrocyte count at day 10 and 20 was significant (P < 0.05). But the ultimate value on day 30 returned to the normal range and differ non-significant with 0 day value.
In group B, unlike group A, the drop in erythrocyte level was also recorded but drop was non-significant which ultimately returned near to 0 day value on day 30.
When group A was compared with group B, a non-significant drop in erythrocytes was recorded (P > 0.05) on day 10, 20 and 30, though there were fluctuations. Mole (1925) found similar results in his partial splenectomized rabbits.
Leucocyte count
When the leucocyte count was evaluated in group A, contrary to the findings of erythrocytes in this group, a significant increase in no. of leucocytes was recorded, with the highest value recorded at day 10 in all rabbits except A6 where there was a consistent drop recorded on day 10th, 20th and 30th. This unusual depression in leucocytes in A6 might be due to stress but these values were still within normal range. Similar findings were reported by Lifshitz in 1937 and Bessler in 2004 in rats. Increase in these leucocytes after complete splenectomy is due to the susceptibility of body for intermittent and transient type of nonspecific septicemia as stated by Weinstein et al. in 1983. Lifeshitz (1937) also concluded that one of the functions of spleen is to exert an inhibitory effect on leucopoietic centers
When leucocyte values were recorded in group B rabbits, a similar significant increase was recorded in all the rabbits of this group and the values in B1, B2, B3, B4 and B7 were more than the physiological ranges whereas the increase was within physiological rabge in B5, B6 and B8. Thereafter the leucocytes number started dropping on day 20 and ultimately came to physiological range on day 30. But the level was still higher than 0 day values and a significant difference was recorded.
When leucocyte count of group A was compared with partial splenectomised rabbits of group B, a significant increase (p < 0.05) was noted in group B on day 10, which kept falling uniformly in all rabbits except B5, where the values dropped abruptly from 11.10 to 7.89 on day 30. Palmer also observed marked leucocytosis after partial splenectomy but his study was on rats and he stated that this marked leucocytosis after partial splenectomy is due to inflammation at surgery site which didn’t produced in complete splenectomy. A significant increase of leucocyte number was recorded on day 30 in group B as compared to group A.
Platelet count:
The third parameter recorded was platelet count which revealed a significant thrombocytosis (P < 0.05) on day 10, 20, and 30 of each rabbit of group A and final values on day 30 were more than the normal range. In 2006, Bidus et al. also observed thrombocytosis after complete splenectomy however his study was performed on humans. Thrombocytosis may be related to the removal of whole splenic tissue which is the storage organ for platelets (Mole. 1925). Balz and Minton (1975)also performed splenectomy in patients and found an acute increase in platelet count.
Contrary to this, in group B, platelet number significantly increased on day 10 but thereafter kept on dropping on day 20 and 30 and the final values were in normal ranges except in rabbit B6 in which platelet count kept on increasing on day 20 and then dropped to near 0 day value on day 30. Similar pattern was seen in partial splenectomised rabbits in the study of Mole (1925). Decrease in platelet count from 10th day to 30th day post-splenectomy indicated that left over splenic tissue has started its normal physiological function of restoring platelets. However, overall platelet count fluctuations in partial splenectomized rabbits were non-significant (P>0.05).
Using repeated measurement ANOVA test, when the overall comparison of group A and B was made in terms of erythrocyte, leucocyte and platelet count, considering the values on day 0 and day 30, a non-significant difference was observed in erythrocyte count (P=0.154) and platelet count (P=0.984) between both the groups. However significant difference found in leucocyte level (P=0.013), between both groups (figure 4.5, 4.6 and 4.7). Mean value of leucocyte count in group A was 9.410 (S.D=0.504) as compared to group B in which mean was 11.445 (S.D=0.504) indicating that complete splenectomy is better than partial splenectomy.
Compiling the overall results, keeping in view the values of all parameters in both groups, we concluded that partial splenectomy procedure has no superiority over the complete one. Both the procedures have almost similar results except some temporary fluctuations in studied parameters. Wherever, the splenectomy is required, one can go for either procedure. However, complete splenectomy is better choice of procedure due to difficulties seen during removing partial spleen.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2548-T] (1).
5.
Clinico-Epidemiological And Therapeutical Study On Giardiasis In Sheep And Goat
by Syed Ans Mujtba (2014-VA-233) | Dr. Wasim Yaqub | Dr. Jawairia Ali Khan | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: In small ruminants parasitic infestation is one of the major constraints to the livestock industry in developing countries. It adversely affects economic performance, mainly by retarded growth rates, lower FCR, and reduced milk and meat production. Beside this the animal housing is also an issue, as the farmers are mostly of low financial status animals are often kept in houses where the parasites find favourable environment for their survival and propagation. A number of parasitic species and other associated risk factors have been defined in transmitting various protozoan parasites to the sheep and goat. However there is lack of published and explained data regarding the above mentioned risk factors in different zones of Patoki. So in this phase of study risk factors recording and prevalence of giardia were performed for sheep and goat. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of Giardia in small ruminants, its treatment and blood examination before and after treatment.
Giardia species are involved in causing giardiasis, that is ultimately responsible for immense of the economic losses by retarded growth, lowered FCR and reduced milk and meat production under varying housing conditions in sheep and goat (Hypothesis).
This present study was conducted at Pattoki clinic of University of Veterinary and Animal sciences (UVAS) Lahore. Animals from public as well as from private farms were also included in this study. A total of 700 animals (n=350 sheep, n=350 goats) were examined for screening of Giardiasis by faecal sampling. The data regarding animals breed, age of animal, clinical history, feeding, housing and various treatment protocols as well as feedback was entered in the questionnaire. 5 gms of faecal from each animal (N=700) collected. Samples were stored at 4 C for further processing. The affected animals were divided into 3 groups i-e A, B, and C. For the therapeutical study Metronidazole, Albendazole and Ishq Pecha Extract to the group A, B & C respectively. In the haemotological examination CBC was performed followed by the collection of 5 ml of the blood aseptically.
Animals from areas of poor sanitary system and suspected area, having poor BCS, diarrhoea, anorexia, rough hair coat were included in the study.
A total of 64 positive animals were selected, which further divided into 3 groups A, B, and C, Each group having 16 animals and 2 sub group. In Group A, Metronidazol 25 mg/kg orally for 5days, Group B, Albendazol 10 mg/kg bid for 5 days orally were given while Group C, Ishq Pecha Extract (Liquid) was given. Efficacy of the treatment determined on the basis of absence of CPG via Zinc Sulphate faecal flotation method.
After the 5 days consecutive treatment of positive goats, the samples were drawn days from the relative groups to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for lowering the CPG.
The data thus collected was analyzed statistically by applying one way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The results of this study that 75 samples were found positive indicating the prevalence of giardia i-e 10.7. And the efficacies of different drugs as Metronidazol 48.67%, 68% and 85.77% on day 3rd, 7th and day 14th respectively, Albendazol , indicated its efficacy was 27.88%, 0% and 69.52% on day 3rd, day 7th and day 14th. While, Ishq Pecha Extract showed an efficacy of 15.6%, 31.54% and 52.95% against Giardiasis.
It is apparent from the above mentioned findings that Metronidazole has highest efficacy than albendazole. Therefore the use of metronidazole against giardiasis in sheep & goats has been preferably recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2537-T] (1).
6.
Effect Of Platelet Rich Plasma On Full Thickness Skin Transplant In Dogs
by Ali Raza (2009-VA-154) | Dr. Uzma Farid Durrani | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood | Dr. Haroon Akbar.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Wound healing is a complicated mechanism that includes inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling stages. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a small volume of blood plasma fortified with platelets and growth factors that enhance the healing by stimulating proliferation of blood vessels and formation of granulation tissue.
The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of autologous and homologous platelet rich plasma on full thickness skin transplant reconstructive surgery in dogs. The dogs were divided in two groups A and B, each with four clinical cases. In groups A and B, autologous and homologous PRP was used respectively as skin graft healing promoter. The macroscopic parameters of the study included colour, edema, exudation and microscopic parameters acute inflammation, fibroblast proliferation and granulation tissue formation. All these observations were made on 3, 7 and 14 days post-operatively. Conclusion On the basis of findings of this study: it was concluded that autologous PRP is a better wound healing promoter as compared to homologous PRP with minimal post operative complications.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2555-T] (1).
