1.
Effect Of Different Physiological Stages On Heamatological And Biochemiscal Parameters Of Nili-Ravi Buffalo And Sahiwal Cattle
by M. Zohaib Aslam | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Mr. Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: 6.1 Background
The proper disease diagnosis in large ruminants is required for overcoming the economy loss due to livestock poor management. Blood biochemical and hematological parameters are one of an important medium to assess the physiological and pathological condition of animals. Any physiological and pathological change can be evaluated only if the normal values are available for comparison. Factors such as age, breed, geographical location, diet, sex, diurnal variation, physical activity, pregnancy and environment are known to influence the serum biochemistry and haematology of large ruminants. Our hypothesis was to evaluate the effect of different physiological stages (pre-pubertal and pubertal) on hematological and serum biochemical parameters of Nili-Ravi buffalo and Sahiwal cattle.
6.2 Materials and Methods
Sixty blood samples (30 Cattle and 30 Buffalo) were collected from Ravi Campus Pattoki, UVAS and divided on the basis of different physiological stages, pre-pubertal (10-12) and pubertal (22-24 months) into two groups. The collected samples used to estimate complete blood counts by hematological analyzer. The biochemical parameters include cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, urea, AST and ALT by commercially available kits (Biogene and crescent).
6.3 Statistical Analysis
Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 17 used. Further T Test was used to compare the hematological and blood biochemical between two age groups. Differences was considered significant at P<0.05 (Steel et al.1997).
6.4 Results
The hematological parameters RBCs, Hb and PCV were showed a significant difference at Pre-pubertal and pubertal stage of both buffalo and cattle. Whereas the WBCs count, lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, MCV and MCH were not found significantly different at pre-pubertal and pubertal stages of buffalo and cattle. The serum level of glucose recorded highest and urea level lowest at pubertal stage in both buffalo and cattle. The cholesterol and triglyceride were found significantly (p<0.05) lowest, while liver enzyme AST and ALT were found significantly highest with the aging of animal in both species. No significant changes were observed in total protein level at pre-pubertal and pubertal stage in buffalo and cattle.
6.5 Conclusions
The WBCs, RBCs, Hb, PCV were found significantly different between pre-pubertal and pubertal stages in both species. The values of theses parameters recorded highest at pubertal stage, while granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, MCV and MCH were found non-significantly different. Different physiological stages had a significant effect on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, Urea, ALT and AST in both species. The results of this study indicated that different physiological stages must be taken as very important factor in determining the blood parameters.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1806,T] (1).
2.
Effect Of Age And Gender On Hematological And Biochemical Parameters Of Beetal Goat And Lohi Sheep
by Sidra Shafique | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Prof. Dr. Khalid.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Small ruminants are one of the domestic animals of the inhabitants of Pakistan. In semi-arid and arid areas goat and sheep provides the main means of survival and security. So the proper health management of animals is must require for their survival. Hematlogical and biochemical tests are widely used for the diagnosis of serious animal diseases which can lead to economics losses in animals like reduced fur, wool and milk production. A large number of factors such as sex, age, gender, breed, illness, stress, seasonal variation and nutrition can affect the pattern of these clinical values. Our hypothesis was to evaluate the effect of age and gender on hematological and biochemical indices of Beetal goat and Lohi sheep in Ravi campus Pattoki UVAS.
One hundred and twenty blood samples (60 Goats and 60 sheep) were taken and divided on the basis of their age and gender (0-3 months, 9-12months and 18-20 months). Complete blood counts were performed by hematology analyzer (Abacus junior vet. Serial # 130076, Diatron GmbH wein, Austria) at W.T.O, UVAS. The biochemical parameter included albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, urea AST and ALT were determined by commercially available kits (Biogene® and Crescent®). The arithmetic means (± SE) of hematological and biochemical parameters in different groups were calculated. The arithmetic means (± SE) of hematological and biochemical parameters in different groups were calculated. The collected data were subjected to two way analysis of variance through statistical package SPSS version 13 to evaluate mean differences in hematological and blood biochemical parameters of different age groups. Difference among the means of groups with p<0.05 was considered as significant through LSD test (Steel et al.1997).
In this study age and gender had a remarkable influence on the pattern of hematological and biochemical values of both sheep and goat. The RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBCs and lymphocytes counts found significantly (p<0.05) higher in animal of age 18 to 20 months as compared to other groups in both species, While MCHC, monocytes and granulocytes found non-significantly (p>0.05) different. Male showed statistically (p<0.05) higher RBCs, Hb, PCV and MCV values as compared to female. The glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, AST, ALT, Total protein, albumin and globulin were found significantly (p<0.05) different by the aging of animal. Gender had no significant (p>0.05) influences on biochemical parameters of both sheep and goat.
Conclusion
Based on these findings age and gender had significant influence on hematological and biochemical parameters. In general veterinary practices, body weights are usually considered for therapeutic and nutritional strategies. Often too young animals are treated with more caution. In conclusion it can be mentioned that not only body weight but also age of the animals should be considered for devising therapeutic and nutritional strategy in livestock.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1814,T] (1).
3.
In Vitro Study Of The Effect Of Menthol On Electrophysiological Indices Of Isolated Rumen Epithelium In Goat
by Najma Khan (2014-VA-506) | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Ammonia is product of protein metabolism and its reabsorption occur by non-selective cation channels across rumen epithelium otherwise it will not be available as non-protein nitrogen source and excreted out causing hazard to environment. At physiological pH, ammonia is present as NH4+ in rumen and its transport leads to electrophysiological changes. It was reported that addition of menthol to the isolated rumen epithelium of cattle cause electrophysiological changes, primarily linked to the ammonium transport suggesting presence of non-selective cation channels. Addition of cation channel modulators such as menthol to diet can enhance absorption of nitrogen in the rumen. Scarce data was available for rumen epithelium of goats which has a large contribution in livestock population and has a great potential for mutton market revealing effect of cation channel modulators on electrophysiology and ammonium transport. Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of menthol on electrophysiological changes and its link to ammonia transport in the isolated rumen epithelium of goats.
Hypothesis
Menthol may affect the electrophysiology of the isolated rumen epithelium of goats and enhance ammonia transport across rumen epithelium.
Methodology
Ten goats of uniform age and weight were selected and slaughtered in a local slaughter house. Reticulorumen was removed from the abdominal cavity and cleaned in a standard transport buffer solution. Serosal layer of rumen was removed and mounted in the Ussing chamber. Rumen epithelium was incubated with transport buffer solution and after 20 minutes replaced with ammonia containing buffer solution (10mM and 40mM respectively)
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and changes in bioelectric parameters were observed. Menthol in concentration of 1mM was added to mucosal side and electrophysiological parameters like Isc and Gt were observed. Moreover, pH of serosal side was checked after menthol treatment at time intervals 20, 60 and 90 minutes respectively to assess ammonia transport.
Results
Menthol affected the electrophysiology of isolated rumen epithelium of goats by increasing short circuit current due to increase in ammonia concentrations in the rumen. Menthol addition in 40mM NH4Cl containing solution significantly increased current (p value = 0.00). ΔIsc was also significant between the groups containing 10 and 40mM NH4Cl containing solution. Change in potential difference was significant after addition of menthol in both groups (P = 0.00). Conductance increased significantly by increasing concentration of ammonia (p value = 0.03). PH of serosal side decreased, suggesting possible NH4+ uptake, while on mucosal side increase in pH was observed.
Statistical analysis
Data were analyzed by using completely randomized ANOVA followed by post-hoc test LSD. Level of significance was set at 0.05.
Conclusion
Menthol treatment affects the electrophysiological indices of isolated rumen epithelium of goat presumably by opening non-selective cation channels and enhances ammonium transport across rumen epithelium increasing recycling of nitrogen. This may leads to efficient protein utilization by the animals. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2558-T] (1).
