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1. Patho-Morphological Studies Of Reproductive Tract Disorders In Cattle And Buffalo

by Abdul Jabar | Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmed | Dr. Aftab Ahmed Anjum | Dr. Asim Aslam.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: drama Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Reproductive tract disorders like endometritis, pyometra, follicular cysts, leuteal cysts etc have been reported as major causes of low conception rate and poor productivity of livestock. Reproductive tract lesions in cattle and buffaloes play an important role in animal breeding either by causing infertility or sterility of animals resulting in high economic losses. Besides of other reasons, presence of different types of bacteria inside the uterus of breeding animals causes deleterious effects on the reproductive tracts causing severe disorders and ultimately leads to failure of pregnancy. All these microbes results in the infection of uterus that ultimately affects animal's conception rate. A total 100 reproductive tracts of slaughtered cattle (n=40) and buffaloes (n=60) were randomly collected from Lahore abattoir, Sherakot to study the impact of bacteria on the reproductive tracts, efficacy of variety of antibiotics on different bacterial isolates, gross and histopathological lesions. The swab samples for bacteriology were processed for purification and identification of bacterial isolates by doing number of conventional tests for final characterization and in vitro antibiotic sensitivity was performed. In this study seven different bacterial isolates were identified from all the samples. These include: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium species, Aeromonas species, Micrococcus species and Lactobacillus species. By the analysis of in vitro antibiotic sensitivity, all eight different species of bacteria isolated were 100% sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Chlortetracycline. Contrary to these, all bacteria were 100 % resistant to Bacitracin followed by Sulphaphenazole, Ticarcillin/Clavulanic acid and Trimethoprim. Out of the total 100 reproductive tracts of cattle and buffaloes collected randomly, 54 showed lesions with different severity. Most of the lesions were uterine hemorrhages followed by pyometra, para-ovarian cysts, pyosalpinx, hydrosalpinx, leuteal cysts, follicular cysts and uterine tumors. These lesions were observed slightly higher in number in buffaloes than in cows. Tissue samples of reproductive tracts were processed for histopathology and histopathological lesions were observed under microscope at 4X, 10X and 40X. Histopathological lesions in endometritis were hemorrhages in stratum compactum, very thick blood vessels, congestion, necrosis and degeneration of endometrial glands, glandular tissue fully filled with mononuclear cells, completely destroyed secretary epithelial cells. While in metritis, intact endometrial mucosa, proliferation of connective tissue, infilteration of inflammatory cells and mononuclear cells in the myometrium were observed. In pyometra samples, thick layer of exudate on the surface of endometrium, severe infilteration of mononuclear cells, sloughing of endometrial mucosa, necrosis of endometrial glands and glands filled with heavy population of mononuclear cells, proliferation of fibrous connective tissues in between endometrial glands, many macrophages are also present, infiltration of polymorphs mononuclear cells were observed in stratum functionalis. In uterine lymphoma, tumor tissue was in follicular pattern, neoplastic cells variable in size and having round nucleus, many mitotic figures present, and stroma consisted of broad irregular bands of collagen. In conclusion, out of 100 reproductive tracts of slaughtered cattle and buffaloes were examined and gross lesions were found 54% including uterine hemorrhages 20% followed by pyometra, para-ovarian cysts, hydrosalpinx, luteal cysts, follicular cysts and uterine lymphoma as 17, 8, 3, 3, 2 and 1%, respectively. The bacteria isolated from reproductive tracts in cattle and buffaloes were Escherichia coli 100% followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus species, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Lactobacillus species, Corynebacterium species and Aeromonas species as 51, 47, 40, 34, 24 and 5%, respectively. In endometritis, PMN cells, thickening of endometrium, congestion, very thick blood vessels, degeneration of endometrial glands, glandular tissue fully filled with mononuclear cells, completely destroyed secretary epithelial cells, intact endometrial mucosa, proliferation of connective tissue and hemorrhages are observed while in pyometra, sloughing of endometrial mucosa, glands filled with heavy population of mononuclear cells, proliferation of fibrous connective tissue in between endometrial glands, many macrophages are also present, congestion and degeneration of endometrial glands was seen. Tumor tissue was in follicular pattern, neoplastic cells variable in size and having round nucleus, many mitotic figures present, and stroma consisted of broad irregular bands of collagen. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1541,T] (1).

2. Immunohistochemical Detection Of Infectious Bronchitis Virus In Different Organs Of Experimentally Infected

by Mudassar Iqbal | Dr. Asim Aslam | Dr. Ishtiaq ahmed | Prof. Dr. Tahir.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1671,T] (1).

3. Pathobiologeical Studies Of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (Ibdv) In Experimentally Infected Birds

by Maria Ali | Dr. Muti-ur-Rehman Khan | Dr. Aftab | Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: drama Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Poultry industry is rapidly growing under the shelter of livestock, with the contribution of 11.4% of value addition in GDP. However infectious and noninfectious diseases are major threat to the growth of poultry industry. Among the infectious diseases, infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the major malady which causes great economic losses to poultry in terms of both morbidity and mortality. IBD virus was first identified in 1962 in gumboro, since then the disease spread to all parts of world. Until 1980s IBD virus was efficiently controlled by use of vaccine however with the emergence of variant strains of virus it was become difficult to control the disease. Studies on molecular structure of IBDV revealed that it has a hyper variable region in VP2 gene. Mutations in this hyper variable region lead to emergence of different strain of virus and hence causing vaccine failure. In Pakistan there is an outbreak of disease each year despite of vaccination. So there was a need to characterize field isolate and vaccine isolate of IBDV to find any mutation in field isolate of virus. The current study was designed by keeping above factors in mind. Purpose of present study was to compare local field and vaccine isolate of virus. RNA was isolated by TRIzol method from both vaccine isolate and bursa collected from field. RNA was converted to cDNA by using oligoDT. In next step VP2 gene was amplified by using a set of primers P1 and P2. cDNA was digested by 2 enzymes BstN1 and MboI. Results of RFLP showed that there was a difference in genetic sequence of both strains. Howeverthe pattern of disease produced by both of the strains was same. Chicks were given experimental infection at age of 2 week and slaughtered after 3 days post infection. Gross and histopathological lesions were observed and compared to each other and also with negative control. Statistical analysis was done by using one way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1770,T] (1).



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