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Detoxification Of Aflatoxins By Leaves Extract Of Indigenous Plants And Their Biological Evaluation

by Waqar Azeem (2014-VA-06) | Dr. Rahat Naseer | Dr. Shagufta Saeed | Dr. Sualeha Riffat.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Aflatoxins contamination in poultry feed is a major problem in Pakistan. It is responsible for economic loss to poultry industry and a threat to human health trough the consumption of infected meat. There are some conventional methods in use to detoxify aflatoxins from feed but they do not fully obey drug and food regulations. Plant extracts have a potential to become a cost effective and non-toxic method in this regard. Leaves extracts of various indigenous plants have the potential to detoxify aflatoxin contaminated feed and making it safe for animal consumption. Airdried leaves of neem(Azadiricha indica), kikar(Acacia nilotica) and jaman (Eugenia jambolana) were extracted in methanol and filtered to remove undissolved particles. Filtrate was evaporated to remove excess solvent and it was mixed with the already grown aflatoxin on rice from spore suspension of Aspergillusflavus. Aflatoxin levels were measured using HPLC method and percentage inhibition was calculated. Broiler chicks were divided into groups and given leaves extract treated and untreated feed accordingly. The difference between their mortality, growth rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was monitored before and after the trials. The data collected from these observations was analyzed by applying one-way analysis of variance. Use of leaves extracts for aflatoxin detoxification is a simple and cost effective detoxification method which seems to offer good prospective by detoxifying the animal feed, reducing economic losses and health related serious risks. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2621-T] (1).

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2.
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Conversion Of Pretreated Rice Husk Hydrolysates Into Ethanol By Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

by Jehanzaib (2014-VA-08) | Dr. Rahat Naseer | Miss Faiza Masood | Prof. Dr. Saima Naveed.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Biodegradable wastes wereresidues of commercial crops.Agricultural wastes such as rice husk was utilized for biofuel production such as ethanol by breaking downinto its components using chemicals or enzymes. This was achievedthrough anaerobic digestion, distillation and fermentation for use as a resource of heat and fuel (bioethanol).Bioethanol meansan alternative to petrol which is produced from plants such as sugar cane or maize and rice husks.Agricultural wastes can be utilized for the biofuel, rice husk often pose.Acid and alkali pretreatment was enhanced the yield of ethanol from rice husk.Rice husk wastreated with alkali and acids to produce glucose. Glucose can be estimated byusing glucose oxidase method (GOD). Glucose was then converted into ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ethanol production was estimated by using spectrophotometer.The purposed project wasfocusing on bioethanol from the rice husk residues in which rice husk was pre-treated for the hydrolysis to produced maximum yield of sugar by selection of best pretreated method. And then sugars were converted into bioethanol by fermentation. Alkaline solutionswere remove lignin, while the acidic solutionswere remove hemicellulose. It was clearly showed in the graph.4.1 and 4.2 that best concentration of alkali 4% for the maximum yield of sugar was 50.4 mg/dl from the maximum 15g substrate of rice husk was used at 70˚C for 3hrs while in case of 4% acid treatment was also best for the maximum 42.6mg/dl sugar yield was obtainedat 70˚C for 3hrs. According to statistical analysis and graphs 4.3 and 4.4 showed that maximum yieldi.e, 68.7 ml ethanolwas produced from the 15g rice husk when treated with 4%alkali,maximum temperature 35˚C with PH 6.0 and after 3days.While in case of 4%acid treatmentmaximum 63.7 ml ethanol was producedwhen maximum 15g rice husk was used at temperature 35˚C andPH with 6.0.after 3days. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2644-T] (1).

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Isolation And Identification Of A Protease Producing Bacteria From The Decaying Plant Material And Investigation Of Its Potential As A Probiotic In Broiler

by Abdul Razzaq (2014-VA-498) | Mr. Shahid Abbas | Dr. Rahat Naseer | Dr.Muhammad Imran.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Biochemistry is gaining ground quickly due to the different preferences that it offers over customary chemical procedures particularly in regards to environment and cost contribution. Now a day’s industrial enzymes speak to the heart of biochemistry forms. Proteases are groups of organic catalysts. They have catalytic function.They hydrolyze peptide obligations of proteins and to separate them into polypeptides or free amino acids. Proteases are universal in nature and found in a wide range of differing qualities of sources, for example, plants, animals and microorganisms. Proteases do different organic procedures. Diverse types of proteases are available, alkaline proteases are a standout amongst the most imperative enzymes. The cost of the strain is a special in enzyme production and their applications in different industrial processes. The imaginative part of the present work was to distinguish and detach alkaline proteases from different organic sources, for example, from soil microorganisms with a reason to have beneficial outcome for hydrolyzing the proteins. The purified strain was checked for their potential part in chicken as a probiotics. Protease producing bacteria act as probiotic to improve digestion which results in weight gain in broiler. In this research project, bacterial strains were isolated from decaying organic plants and soil samples collected from decaying organic plants of UVAS Lahore, Pakistan. Soil and decaying samples (1.0 g) were mixed in 100 ml normal saline, afterward serially diluted from 10−1 to 10−6 ratio with normal saline. 100 μl of each diluted sample inoculated in cultural medium and incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. The isolated colonies were selected to obtain pure bacterial cultures. Cultures were maintained in nutrient agar slants. Bacilli were isolated and screened from soil samples for production of proteases. The strains were identified morphologically, biochemically and on their molecular basis. The enzyme (protease) activity was assayed according to standard procedures by slight modifications. The strain was grown and fed to chicken as probiotic. The effects of probiotic were tested for growth of chicken. The probiotics improved the intestinal microbial balance and helped broiler in gaining weight. Bacterial stain studied in the current project may be used on commercial scale for promoting or enhancing the growth of broiler chicken. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2717-T] (1).

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Potential Of Rice Husk And Rice Husk Ash For The Removal Of Malachite Green

by Nargis AfZAL (2011-VA-354) | Dr. Rahat Naseer | Dr.Abu Saeed Hashmi | Dr.Sameera Akhtar.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Potential Of Rice Husk And Rice Husk Ash For The Removal Of Malachite Green Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2852-T] (1).

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