301.
Studies On Blood Chemistry And Histopathological Alteration Induced By Mycoplasma Gallisepticum In Broiler
by Shahida Parveen | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: For this project 120 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into two equal groups i.e. A and B. The birds in group B were challenged with Mycoplasma gallisepticum at 7 days of age, whereas those in group A were dealt with as control birds. After 21 days of post infection serum samples were obtained from the diseased as well as control birds during slaughtering. Tissue samples from lungs, liver and trachea were collected and processed for histopathological examination.
The postmortem findings revealed catarrhal exudate in the flares, sinuses, trachea, lungs and oedema of airsacs wall. The lungs were congested, dark in colour and inflammed. Liver showed fibri nopurulent perihepatitis, haemorrhages and congestion. Trachea was found to have a tenacious viscous cloudy exudate which was adherent to the tracheal wall.
The histopathological sections showed oedema, haemorrhages, congestion, massive infiltration of monocytes and heterophils in the lungs. The liver showed evidence of necrosis, haemorrhages and infiltration of heterophils, lymphocytes in interlobular spaces around portal vessels. The trachea showed epithelial and submucosal infiltration with lymphocytes, hypertrophy of epithelial mucous glands' and some catarrhal exudate on the mucosal surface. Sloughing of mucosa with variable degree was noted.
The data, obtained by the analysis of serum, statistically indicated that the concentration of serum uric acid, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum alkaline phosphatase and serum lactic dehydrogenase was increased significantly in infected birds.
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302.
Comparative Study On Pathology Of Hemic System Of Three Broiler Chicken Strains Suffering From Experimental
by Farrukh Hasan Zaidi | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr Mubashar | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashrrf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Three hundred day old broiler chicks of three different strains (one hundred of each strain) were obtained from the market. The strains were Hubbard (H) Lohmann (L) and Indian River (IR). The chicks of each strain was divided into two groups of equal number, which were further subdivided into two subgroups. The subgroups Al, A2 ; C1, C2 ; and El, E2 were kept as uninoculated control and subgroups B1, B2 ; Dl, D2 and Fl, F2 where inoculated with HPS antigen subcutanoously at the age of 21 days. The number of diseased chicks who died or slaughtered were counted. The maximum number of chicks showed HPS and died and slaughtered, i.e 66% belonged to H, followed by 30% which were JR and then the L which were 24%.
The haematologlcal values of all the broilers affected with lIPS were determined. In Hubbard strain the mean ±S.E of TEC was 2.02 ± 0.06 million percubic millimeters, TLC 12.57 ± 0.51 thousand per cubic millimeter, Thrombocyte count 28.60 ± 0.40 thousand per cubic millimeter, Hb content 6.51 ± 0.16, PCV 26.05 ± 0.58, ESR 3.63 ± 0.21. The thousand per cubic milimeter. The PLC were also determined which included lymphocytes 55.16 ± 0.54, monocytes 3.00 ± 0.32% heterophils 40.26 ± 0.39%, eosinphils 0.89 ±. 0.18% and basophils 0.68 ± 0.15.
In Lohznann strain the mean j S.Eof TEC was 2.14 ± 0.11 million per cubic millimeter, TLC 18.85 ± 0.2.4 thousand per cubic millimeter, Thrombocyte count 28.42 ± 0.53 thousand per cubic millimeter, Hb content 7.51 ± 0.21, PVC 27.14 ± 0.68, ESR 3.28 ± 0.28. The DLC were also determined which included lymphocytes 58.28 ± 0.82%, moaocytes 3.80 ± 0.31%, heterophils 36.00 ± 0.90%, eosinophils 1.14 ± 0.24% and basophils 0.7l ± 0.26.
In Indian River strain the mean ± S.E of TEC was 2.08 ± 0.07 million per cubic millimeter, TLC 16.10 ± 0.78 thousand per cubic millimeter, thrombocyte count 28.58 ± 0.53, Hb content 7.38 ± 0.15, PVC 26.8 t. 0.58, ESR 3.20 ± 0.24. The DLC were also determined which included lymphocytes 55.60 0.47%, monocytes 3.30 . 0.28, heterophils 39.30 ± 0.49%, eosinophils 0.90 .0.17 amd basophils 0.80 ±. 0.27.
Gross pathological lesions in the inoculated bizds were studied. The heart showed ballooning due to distention of pericardial sac with pericardial fluid. Other lesions Included haemorrhages on the epicardium and flabbiness of the mycordium .tJnder the microscope, degenerative changes in myocordial tissue were seen. Lesions in the spleen included splenomegaly and haemorraghic spots. Histopathologically there were degeneration, necrosis, and haemorrhages. Aorta showed flabbiness of the wall. The disruption of endothelium was also discerned.
Keeping in view all the above findings, It Is concluded that there is a marked difference in uaceptibility of HPS among three different commercial broiler strains and HPS also effects a lot on the hemic system of the broiler. The Hubbard broiler strain is more susceptible which is followed by the Indian River and Lohmann respectively.
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303.
Effect Of Vitamin A Deficiency And Excess On Immune System Of Broiler Chickens
by Ahmad Raza | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different dietary levels of vitamin A (Excess, deficient and recommended) on body weight gain, lymphoid organs, haematological values, humoral response to NDV-vaccination, cellular response to tuberculin and phagocytic activity of neutrophils of broiler chickens.
The results of the study revealed that vitamin A supplementation at 20,000 1U/Kg feed had beneficial effects on the weight gains of birds; weight of lymphoid organs such as bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus and liver; serum antibody development against NDV vaccination; feed intake and feed conversion ratio; phagocytic index and delayed hypersensitivity index. Whereas, vitamin A deficiency had adverse effects on body weight gains; weight of lymphoid organs, serum antibody development agaist NDV vaccination, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, phagocytic index and hypersensitivity index.
No significant effect of vitamin A supplementationldeficiency was noted on haematological values.
From the results of this study it can be concluded that vitamin A is not an immunosuppressive agent when used at recommended level or even in excess (for short duration). Vitamin A deficient level in diet had detrimental effects on immune system in terms of lowered humoral and cellular responses and also decreaed phagocytic activity of neutrophils. Whereas, vitamin A supplementation at excess level improves cellular and humoral responses along with improved phagocy bic activity of neutrophils.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0398,T] (1).
304.
A Study On The Effect Of Organo Phosphate Insecticide (Neguvon) On Immune Response In Broiler Chickens
by Shoaib Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Neguvon, an Organophosphate insecticide at a dose of 50mg or 100mg per kg of feed for varrying period of time administered to the birds, interfered with the development of serum antibodies in vaccinated and challenged birds. Neguvon had adverse effects on weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of fabricius, spleen and thymus. It decreased the live body weights gain and dressed eviserated weights of birds. Neguvon had not beneficial effects on serum antibodies development. It resulted in higher postchallenged mortality of medicated vaccinated birds as compared to vaccinated control birds. So Neguvon is immunosuppressive insecticide when fed at subtoxic dosage levels.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0400,T] (1).
305.
A Study On The Prevalence Of Mange In Camels And Its Effects On Some Blood Parameters During Winter Months
by Bashir Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Khalid | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Camel is a versatile creature of the Nature. Its population in Pakistan is 9,58,047 heads. Its importance is obvious from the facilities which it provides to the mankind e.g. transportation and ploughing facilities, lifting of water and pulling of carts, provision of milk meat and earning of foreign exchange. But. on the other hand, camel is ignored in provision of better managernental facilities due to which it is facing many disease problems. Similarly, camel is also ignored by our scientists and a little research work has been done on camel in the world.
Keeping in view all these factors, this project was designed to see the prevalence of mange in camel. This study also include haematological changes in camel blood suffering from mange.
This study was conducted during winter months of the 1992 at Lahore abattoir. For the prevalence of mange, 150 camels suspected for mange were selected and their skin scrapings and blood was collected.
Skin scraping was examined with the help of microscope at Laboratory of Medicine Section, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. During the study 19 camels out of 150 were found positive to mange and this is calculated as 12.66%.
Regarding the 2nd portion of the study, blood of 19 mange infected cases were analysed for total leukocytic count (TLC), differential leukocytic count (DLC) and erythrocytic sedimentation rate (ESR). At the same time blood of 19 mange free camels was also examined and it was found that due to mange infection, TLC values were increased. In case of DLC, Eiosinophils and lymphocytes showed increase in their number. ESR was also increased due to infection of mange in camels.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0403,T] (1).
306.
The Host Reaction To Experimentally Induced Eimeria Infections In Broilers Chicks
by Ata ur Rehman Awan | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Mohammad | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The experiment was designed to study the host reaction to the experimentally induced Eimeria species in broiler chicks. For this purpose two hundred and twenty, one-day-old chicks were reared. At the age of day 3, they were divided randomly in four groups each comprising of 55 birds. They were named as A, B, C and D. The group A was kept as un-infected control, while group B, C and D, at the age of day 3, received a primary dose of 1000 virulent sporulated oocysts, through oral, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes respectively. The challenge doses of 50,000 virulent sporulated oocysts each were adminigtered to the members of each group B, C and D on days 13, 28 and 43 of age.
The OPG counts in group A remained nil throughout the experiment the maximum OPG counts 65,500 were recorded in group B by the day 21. On the same day OPG counts of group C and D were also on the peak found to be 40,500 and 54,500 respectively. Three mortalities occurred in group B, 4 in C and 6 in group D. Similarly the maximum weight was attained by the members of group A (Control) i.e. 1750 gm, secondly by group B (oral) i.e. 1530 gm, thirdly group D (S/C) i.e. 1410 gm and fourthly group C (I/P) i.e. 1280gm. The difference in B was of 220gm, in C 470 gm, and in D 340 gm lesser as compared to group A.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0404,T] (1).
307.
Prevalence Of Lungworm Infestation (Dictycaulus Spp.) And Its Effect On Some Blood Parameters Of Camels During Months Of October December.
by Aslam, M | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Camel is a versatile creature of the nature. Its population in Pakistan is 9,58,047 heads. Its importance is obvious from the facilities which it provides to the mankind e.g. transportation and ploughing facilities, lifting of water and pulling of carts, provision of milk meat and earning of foreign exchange. But on the other hand, camel is ignored in provision of better managemental facilities due to which it is facing many disease problems. Similarly, camel is also ignored by our scientists and a little research work has been done on camel in the world.
Keeping in view all these factors, this project was designed to see the prevalence of lungworm infection in camel. This study also included haematological changes in camel blood suffering from lungworm infection.
This study was conducted during the months of OctoberDecember, 1993 at Lahore abattoir. For the prevalence of lungworm infection, 150 camels suspected for lungworm infection
were selected and their faecal and blood samples were collected.
Regarding the prevalence of lungworm infection through faecal examination the results of present investigation show that occurrence of lungworm infection in camels is 6.00%, i.e. 9 camels out of 150 suspected were found positive.
The mean values of haematological examination were observed i.e. Total leukocytic count (31.62 thousand/cm.mm), Differential leukocytic count - Neutrophils 67.88%, Eosinophils 28.77%, Basophils 3.66%, Lymphocytes 65.88%, Monocytes 5.55%, and ESR 12.20 mm/hour.
Blood of camels negative to lungworm infection showed total leukocytic count mean value 19.30 thousand/cu.mm, Differential leukocytic count - Neutrophils 47.00%, Eosinophils 8.88%, Basophils 1.88%, Lymphocytes 38.55%, Monocytes 4.22% and ESR 1.85 mm/hour.
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308.
Estimation And Correlation Of Protein, Differential Leukocyte Count (Dlc) And Total Leukocyte Count (Tlc) In The Blood And Milk Of Sub Clinically Mastitic Buffaloes
by Fakhar uz Zaman | Dr. Mohammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: One hundred milk samples from mastitic buffaloes brought for treatment to outdoor Ward of the College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore and adjacent areas were examined for their total blood protein, total blood leukocytic count, blood differential leukocytic count, milk whey protein, milk total leukocytic count and milk differential leukocytic count.
Total protein, total leukocyte count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils in blood gave their average as 6.84 gm/100ml, 4036 cells/mi, 48.17%, 48.32%, 2.34%, 0.69% and 0.48% respectively.
Total whey protein, total leukocytic count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils in milk showed their average values as 1.02 gm/l00ml, 4665000 cells/mi 70.42%, 24.19%, 3.45%, 1.30% and 0.37% respectively.
Correlation between blood and milk protein, total leukocytic count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils were estimated as -0.929, 0.962, 0.952, 0.985, -0.203, 0.060 and 0.284 respectively, which gave an increase of total whey protein, neutrophils in blood, neutrophils in milk and milk total leukocyte count and decrease of total blood protein, total blood leukocytes and lymphocytes in milk and blood.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0406,T] (1).
309.
A Study On The Prevalence & Taxonomy Of Biting & Sucking Lice Infestation In Sheep With Their Effect On Different Blood Parameters
by Jamal Abdul Nasir | Dr. Muhammad Afzal | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The study was planned to determine the prevalence and taxonomy of biting and sucking lice infestation in sheep with their effect on various blood parameters. For this purpose specimens were collected from Outdoor Hospital College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore and various private clinics in the city.
The collected specimens were preserved, stained and ide.ntified after preparing permanent mounts under the sterioscopic microscope in the laboratory. Two species of lice i.e. Damalinia (biting lice) and Liiioqnathus pedalis (sucking lice) were identified having a percentage of 10.50 and 1.0 respectively. The infestation recorded was highest during spring and autumn and lowest during the summer.
The taxonomy of the identified species were carried out by using morphological characters (Chandler, 1961 and Soulsby, 1982).
Haernatological examinations were made to compare the blood picture of healthy and infested sheep. For this purpose 20 blood samples each from healthy and infested sheep were examined. Five ml of blood was collected from the jugular vien of the sheep, with the help of disposable syringes, in a test tube having few drops of 0.1 % EDTA.
The blood parameters studied were: Haemoglobin level, Total Erythrocyte Count, Total Leukocyte Count, Packed Cell volume and differential leukocytic count. The results of haematological examination showed a significant decrease in haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count and packed cell volume, whereas a significant rise in leukocytic count and D.L.C. of infested sheep as compared to healthy sheep was observed.
The results of the present study will help in planning better control measures in order to minimize lice infestation and also aid in the eradication of various lice born diseases in sheep.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0407,T] (1).
310.
Study On The Pathlogy Of Leg Deformity In Broiler Chickens
by Farrukh Khurshid | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Shirin Munir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The project was designed to. study the pathology of legdeformity in broiler chickens. Fifty leg deformed broiler chickens were collected from 30 commercial poultry farms of Lahore, Kasur and Pattoki. Abnormal posture or gait, reluctanceto walk and twisted, bent, bowed or rotated legs were the presenting signs. Routine post-mortem examination was performed to observe qualitative (severity and direction of deformity, position of gastrocnemius tendon, subjective assessment of bone strength, swollen and enlarged joints) assessment of bones. Four cases of varus, 30 cases of valgus, 14 cases of slipped tendon, 2 cases of dislocated condyles were recorded, in gross pathology 30 cases of dyschondroplasia, 4 cases of rickets, 7 cases of thickening of tendons, 1:3 cases of synovitis, 5 cases of femoral head necrosis, 1 case of bone abcess and 8 cases of curly toes were observed. It was observed that male birds had greater incidence of leg deformity than females Hubbard strain had greater incidence than other strain and It was noted that the most important age of deformity was 2nd and 3rd week of age and Hubbard birds grew fastly at this age and more prone to leg deformity. The affected portions of bones and tendons were processed for histopathological examination.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0408,T] (1).
311.
A Comparative Study Of Helminth And Haemoparasites Of Domestic And Wild Pigeons
by Asma Hussain | Dr. Mubashir Saeed Mian | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: There is an increasing interest in pigeons and other game and ornamental birds. These birds are generally kept either free roaming or confined in outdoor pens and hence are vulnerable to various parasitic infectious, which greatly effects the productivity of these birds.
The meat production of the pigeons can be improved by controlling disease problems particularly helrninths and blood protozoan infections, so that in near future they may contribute towards narrowing down the animal protein supply gap by substituting poultry meat with squabs.
The present work was planned for the comparative study of helminths and heemoparasites of domestic and wild pigeons. For this purpose 300 each of guts and blood smears were studied. The overall incidence of gastrointestinal helminths and blood protozoans was 77.33% and 31.99% respectively, while 36% of birds had mixed infection. The incidence of gastro-intestinal helminths and blood protozoa in wild pigeons was 89.33 and 20.66 percent respectively and in domestic pigeons it was 65.33% and 11.33% respectively. Whereas mixed infections were 22% and 14% respectively.
The following species of helmitiths and blood protozoa were recorded and identified.
1. Raillietina tetragona
2. Raillietiiia cesticillus
3. Choanolaenia infundibulum
4. Ascaridia colurnbae and
5. Cap illaria obgnata
The two species of blood protozoa recovered were:
1. Aegypanella pullorum and
2. Haeiçotuscumbae
Among the helrninths recorded, cestodes were found predominating as compared with nernatodes in both wild and domestic pigeons. Raillietina cesticillus was the most common cestode species in both Wild and domestic pigeons i.e. 51 and 33 percent respectively while Asci colurnbae predominated the nernatode species i.e. 18 and 15 percent respectively. The Incidence was higher in wild pigeons.
Aegyptianella pullorum was more common blood protozoan i.e. 22 and 11 percent respectively in wild and domestic pigeons. The incidence of Haemoproteus clumbae was 9 and 11 percent respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0410,T] (1).
312.
Study Of Gastro-Intestinal Helminths And Taxonomy Of Species Of The Genus Paramphistomum In Camels
by Saeed A. Khan | Dr. Muhammad Afzal | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0411,T] (1).
313.
Epidemiological, Serological And Hematological Investigations In An Out Break Of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea And Foot
by Ghaffar Khan, A | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: After an outbreak of a vesicular disease in Lahore District a demoninator based active surveillance was conducted in four villages. During and after the epidemic and the homesteads were visited and interviewed from door to door. The total number of animals kept by the farmers (N = 1537) and the affected number of animals (n= 1384) by age, sex and species were enquired from the farmers and recorded on a questionnaire proforma. The clinical signs of the affected animals and their sequence were recorded.
Epidemiological investigations revealed that morbidity rate of 66.94% (n=867/1537) was higher in buffaloes than cattle which was 48.34% (n=117/242). Young animals of both species were more susceptible than adults. Morbidity rate in young cattle was 50.64% (n=39) in 77 animals but in case of adult cattle amongst the total population of 165 morbidity rate was 47.27% (n=78). In case of young buffaloes 290 (69.37%) out of 418 animals while in case of adult buffaloes morbidity rate was 63.51% (557/877). Case fatality rate was observed higher 42.85% (363/847) in buffaloes than the cattle which was 26.65 % (37/117). Frequency of clinical signs observed was found as depression (63.30%), mucosa diffusely red (61.87%), anorectic (61.48%), muzzle hyperimic encrusted (61.09%), erosions (58.49%), laminitis (56.73%), temperature 101-105°F (54.26%), drooling (53.35%), shivering (44.82%), mistitis (38.51%), temperature 105-107°F (6.18%), polypnea (5.79%), temperature 101-103°F (4.35%), cough (3.38%), diarrhoea (2.40%), subnormal (0.71%) and abortion (0.65%).
In this project 160 animals affected from the disease, 80 of each species, were selected for hematological and serological investigations. Forty healthy animals were observed as control.
Blood samples from the affected Buffaloes were tested for the total erythrocytic count (TEC), total leukocytic count (TLC), packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and differential leukocytic count (DLC) i.e. neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils and their average values were observed as 3.56 ± 0.31 x 106/ul (5.18 x 106/ul), 4.90 ± 1.22 x 103/ul (6.45 x 103/ul), 26.59 ± 2.14% (29.31%), 10.13 ± 0.92 mm/Ist hr. (4.56 mm/Ist hr.), 30.54 ± 1.07% (32.55%), 59.18 ± 1.03% (56.16%), 1.78 ± 0.22% (2.41%, 5.92 ± 0.52% (4.51%), 0.29 ± 0.01% (0.48%) respectively.
Blood samples from the affected cattle were tested for the TEC, TLC, PCV, ESR and DLC i.e. neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils and their average values were observed as 5.76 ± 0.32 x 106/ul (7.24 x 106/ul), 6.73 ± 0.92 x 103/ul (7.99 x 103/ul), 31.49 ± 1.59% (33.90%), 9.32 ± 1.32 mm/Ist hr. (3.16 mm/Ist hr.), 31.08 ± 1.09% (34.82%), 45.00 ± 1.05% (41.31%), 0.33 ± 0.04% (0.63%), 9.16 ± 0.46% (7.86%), 0.33 ± 0.03% (0.63%) respectively.
Serum samples from the affected buffaloes were tested for the total serum protein (TSP), serum albumin and serum globulin and their average values were came as 5.97 ± 0.56 g/dI (7.72 g/dI), 2.80 ± 0.37 g/dl (3.55 g/dll), 2.40 ± 0.95 g/dl (4.17 g/dl) respectively.
Serum samples from the affected cattle were tested for the TSP, serum albumin and serum globulin and their average values were observed as 6.43 ± 0.45 g/dl (7.58 g/dl), 2.67 ± 0.35 g/dll (2.32 g/dl), 2.67 ± 0.52 g/dI (4.26 g/dll) respectively.
Agar gel immunodiffusion test used for the antibodies detection was found positive for foot and mouth disease (FMD). Typographically two strains O (42.50%) and Asia-I (29.38%) were isolated out of 160 samples.
A total loss of Rs. 5.286 millions due to FMD in cattle and buffaloes was estimated in the four villages.
Note: Values in parenthesis are normal/standard for the respective parameter.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0412,T] (1).
314.
Effect Of Hydatid Cyst On Different Blood Components In Camels Of Different Age Groups
by Hameed ur Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The present project was designed to find out the prevalence of hydatidosis in different age groups of camels and to see its effect on some blood parameters (TEC, Hb, PCV) and also to examined the same blood parameters of control groups. For this purpose study was carried out on 300 camels of various age groups (2-3 years, 3-5 years, and above 5 years) brought to Lahore abattoir for slaughtering purposes during the period from July 1994 to September 1994.
The results showed that out of 300 camels, 189 (63%) were positive for hydatidosis. It revealed that infection rate was higher in Group-Ill (above 5 years) 70%, than in Group-I (58%) and Group-Il(61%). The study also revealed that the prevalence of hydatidosis was 67.68% in July, 54.9% in August and 66.67% in September
The present investigation also showed that a mean of total erythrocyte count was 8.667 million/microliter with range of 6.00 million/microliterto 11.101 million/microliter, Haemoglobin concentration was 10.00 g/100ml with a range of 6.3 g/100 13.1 g/l00ml and mean of packed cell volume was 31.7 with a range of 20.00% to 39.00%.
The control blood samples of 189 camels showed mean of total erythrocyte was 9.721 million/microliter ranging from 6.32 million/microliter to 12.92 million/microliter, mean of haemoglobin concentration was 11.5g/100ml with a range of 7.3 g/100ml to 14.4g/100ml and packed cell volume was 33.4% with a range of 22.00% to 40.7%
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315.
Comparison Of Single And Stack Pinning Techniques For Mid Shaft Femoral Fracture In The Dog
by Kamran Akhtar | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | Dr. Muhammad Arif | Dr. S | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The incidence of femoral fracture is higher than that of other long bones in clogs. Immobilization of Fernoral fractures by external method of fixation is almost impossible due to angulation of the hind limbs, thickness of thigh musculature and difficulty of controlling motion in the hip joint. This type of orthopeadic ailment can he handled successfully with hone splintage principle which, includes the use of compression plates, cerciage wires, and intrarneclullary pins. In this project stack pinning and single intramedullary pinning with hemicerciage wires were used to treat midshaft transverse femoral fractures n the clog. The procedure was conducted on 20 mongrel dogs of either sex, divided into two groups of 10 clogs each .
In group I the surgically created mid shaft femoral Fracture was immobilized using single intramedullary pin with hemicerclage wires. Whereas in group II the fracture was immobilized with stack pinning. First pin was introduced in a retrograde and the second pin in a normograde fashion. All the dogs were kept in Kennels For a period of sixteen weeks and results were collected on the basis of clinical and radiographic evulations. All the clogs were euthanisecl at the end of experimental period and operation sites were explored to find out the gross changes
The analysis of the results clearly indicated that intramedullary pinning with hemicerclage wires was a better choice over stack pinning for repairing mid shaft transverse femoral Fractures.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0415,T] (1).
316.
Comparative Efficacy Of Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccines In Broiler Chickens
by Tahir Waheed Khan | Dr. Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The present study was carried out to know the comparative efficacy of different IBD vaccines including Rhone Merleux, Solvay, TAD and CVS in broiler chickens. The evaluation was based on the immune response developed against the vaccine concerned and its assessment through agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test.
All the birds prior to their vaccination were examined for the presence of passive immunity, both through AGPT and IHA. AGPT could only detect 60-80% birds for maternal immunity, whereas IHA showed the presence of this immunity in all the experimental birds.
All the vaccinated groups were examined for their immune response on 7th, 14th and 21st day post-vaccination. Both AGPT and H-IA showed the decline in immunity on 7th day post-vaccination and then a gradual increase in titres occurred at 14th day of vaccination. The titres attained their peak on 21st day post-vaccination.
With AGPT on 21st day post-vaccination the birds for various vaccines gave precipitin lines respectively as 76, 89, 93 and 100 per cent, for Rhone Merieux, Solvay,TAD and CVS vaccines.
With IHA the highest titres obtained on 21st day post- vaccination was 1:128 for each vaccine, however, the number of birds giving this titre varied being only one bird for Rhone Merleux, Solvay , TAD and 3 birds from CVS. Nevertheless, the next best titre obtained was 1:64 and the number of birds giving this titre was 2, Nil, 2 and 8 birds from Rhone Merieux, Solvay, TAD and CVS. The predominant number of birds, vaccinated against each vaccine developed a titre of 1:16 observed at 14th day and 21st day post- vaccination.
The challenge infection results showed that birds with lilA titres of upto 1:4 developed severe lesions on their bursae, and other parts of the body, alongwith giving less BBR values. In this way the better IHA titre gave protection to the birds against a challenge infection.
All the four vaccines gave identical results for their efficacy against the IBDV infection, however, CVS vaccinated birds developed highest titres in greater number.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0419,T] (1).
317.
Effect Of Glucocorticoids Alongwith Antimicrobial Drugs Against Haemorrhagic Septicaemia In Buffalo
by Ramzan, M | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Two long acting antibiotic preparations of oxytetracycline and amoxicillin were used in these trials against Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, singly and alongwith a combination of synthetic glucocorticoids (Dexamethasone and prednisolone).
Eighty buffalo calves suffering from Haemorrhagic Septicaemia were selected and treated under field conditions. Weighted clinical score was recorded before and after treatment in each case, on the basis of severity of clinical symptoms. Reduction in this score and recovery or death of animal was also noted.
It was concluded that amoxicillin was more effective than oxytetracycline and the addition of glucocorticoids reduced the convalescence period and also increased the survival rate. Therefore long acting amoxicillin alongwith Dexamethosone and prednisolone is recommended as the successful therapy for Haemorrhagic septicaemia.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0420,T] (1).
318.
Effect Of Routine Deworming On The Development Of Resistance Against Git Nematodes In Sheep
by Akram, M | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: In this project the effect of routine deworming on GIT nematodes in sheep was studied with particular reference to the development of drug resistance. Comparison was studied by treating the flocks where routine deworming was practiced with the levamisole and albendazole and where routine deworming was not practiced with any medicine. One twenty sheep positive for GIT nematodes infection were selected. They were divided into six groups A, B, C, D, E and F comprising of 20 animal in each group. Animals of group A, B, C were selected from two different floclwhere routine deworming was practiced with levamisole and albendazole respectively. Animals of group D, E, & F were selected from unregistered private flocl where routine deworming was not practiced. Rectal faecal samples were collected before medication and at the seventh day of medication from all the six groups of sheep to count the eggs per gram of faeces and to count the number of larvae after culture under laboratory conditions.
Groups A & D were treated with the levamisole orally at the dosage rate of 7.5 mg/kg. Groups B and E were medicated with albendazole orally at the dosage rate of 5 mg/kg and groups C & F were kept as control and remained untreated. Then the efficacy of levamisole and albendazole in addition to the development of resistance against these anthelmintics was estimated.
Experimental study revealed that the levamisole showed 98.73% efficacy in the first timely dewormed flock and no any resistance was recorded whereas, 72.55% efficacy was noticed in the regularly dewormed flock, with a slight resistance. Albendazole had 97.13% efficacy in the first timely dewormed private flock and 61.24% efficacy in the regularly dewormed flock. This shows a strong evidence of resistance in the albendazole treated flock.
No side effect were observed in both the groups. Levamisole was found better dewormer with less chances of resistance. However, both drugs can be used safely to achieve control of nematode parasites in sheep.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0421,T] (1).
319.
Efficacy Of Ivermectin And Coumaphos Against Ectoparasites In Cattle And Buffaloes
by Nadeem Haider, Syed | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Haji Ahmed | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The project was designed to find out the efficacy of ivermectin and Coumaphos against ectoparasites in cattle and buffaloes. Thirty buffaloes infested for ectoparasites were selected for the treatment trials and divided into three groups i.e. Bi, B2 and B3 having ten animals in each group and thirty cattle infested for ectoparasites were selected for the treatment trials and also were divided into Cl, C2 and C3 groups.
The comparative acaricidal drug trials were conducted on 20 infested animals against ectoparasites of group BI and Cl having ten animal in each were medicated with Ivermectin (lvomec: MSD) injected once by s/c route at dose rate of 200 pg/kg body weight. Observation were made on 7th and 14th day post-medication. Skin scrapping examination was done. The overall efficacy of invermectin on 7th and 14th day in buffaloes was 40% and 80% and in cattle 50% and 90% respectively.
The comparative acaricidal drug trials were conducted on 20 infested animals for ectoparasites of B2 and C2 having ten animals in each were treated with Coumaphos (Asuntol: Bayer) at the dose rate of 30-50 gm/animal. On the 7th and 14th day post medication skin scraping examination was done. The efficacy of Coumaphos on 7th and 14th day in buffaloes was 50%, 50% and in cattle 70%, 70% respectively.
Animals were also observed for any side effect of both medicine. No side effects were observed during the period from treatment to last observation in any group i.e. groups BI, Cl and B2, C2 groups. On last observation no spontaneous recovery was noted. In B3 and C3 in untreated and control groups.
From the results of present study it is concluded that Ivermectin (Ivomec MSD) is the drug of choice for the treatment of ectoparasites in cattle and buffaloes when it is given at the dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg body weight by subcutaneous injection.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0422,T] (1).
320.
Evaluation Of Uretero Jejunocolostomy For Urinary Diversion In The Dog
by Aneeta Hussain | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Urinary diversion is the procedure adopted for urine expulsion in the most natural way, in the absence of the urinary bladder. In the beginning of the twentieth century many surgeons of human side as well as veterinarians used intestines for performing urinary diversion. They adopted many methods for this purpose but only a few were found to be successful. These procedures were used to relieve the animal from malignant bladder carcinomas, severe damage of bladder and urethra during accidents, and extrophy of urinary bladder etc. These diseases mostly cause urinary discomfort, incontinence of urine and painless heamaturia and cystectomy becomes a necessity.
During this study fifteen healthy dogs of either sex were used. Laparotormy was performed under aseptic precautions. The small intestine was exteriorized through. the incision and the terminal portion of jejunum was identified. A 6-8 cm portion of the jejunurn was selected and milked to clear it of from the feacal materials. This portion was isolated from rest of the intestinal tract with the Doyen's intestinal clamps and was cut off with its mesenteric blood supply remaining intact. The continuity of the small bowel was restored by end to end anastomosis. The vent in mesentery was closed by simple continuous sutures. The isolated Jejunal segment was wrapped in a piece of gauze soaked in normal saline.
The urinary bladder was emptied in females by gentle digital pressure and in males by mean of a disposable syringe. The ureters were amputated obliquely down to the trigone area and bladder was excised. Afterwards one end of the Jejunal segment was closed by lambert sutures. A small hole was created on the right side at the upper third portion which cut through the first three layers. From this hole a 2 cm long submucosal tunnel was created going towards the open end of the segment. The cut end of the ureter was sutured to the mucosa of the Jejunal segment using 3/o prolyene simple interrupted sutures. On the left side of the segment the other ureter was implanted similarly.
A longitudinal incision equal to the diameter of jejunal segment was made at the antimesenteric border of the distal portion of colon. The open end of jejunal segment was implanted here using 3/0 chromic catgut via side to end anastomosis with simple I nierrupted crushing sutures, thus creating an intestinal bladder. Finally the abdomen was closed in routine manner. It was concluded on the basis of this study that:
1. Viable segment of small bowel with blood and nerve supply intact can be used as a bladder.
2. Voiding occurs in the most natural possible way without any need of an external reservoir.
3. There was no ascending infection, so kidneys remained normal.
4. Use of antibiotics for rest of the life was not needed.
The successful attempt of making a new bladder strengthened the belief in cases where there was no other way of saving the animal's life except surgical intervention. So the veterinarian should involve himself with the core of his heart in the operative procedure with the aim of achieving good results. Whether he loses or gains, he must have a satisfaction of being loyal to his profession.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0423,T] (1).
321.
Induction Of Ovulatory Oestrus In Non Cycling Buffalo Heifers During Summer
by Iqbal Rahim | Dr. Kazim Raza Chohan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Aleem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Late maturity in buffalo is one of the major problem which limits its overall productive and reproductive performance. Summer anoestrus plays role to delay the onset of puberty. The present study was therefore conducted to induce oestrus in non-cycling buffalo heifers during summer. Eighteen healthy non-cycling buffalo heifers with 431.38±41.5 kg body weight and 1190.44±170.92 days of age were utilized. These animals were randomly divided into three equal groups viz; group A, B and C; each comprising of 6 animals. Heifers in group A were inserted an ear implant containing (3 mg norgestomet) for 9 days and an injection of oestradiol valerate at implant insertion. At implant withdrawal 700 IU of PMSG was administered intramuscularly. Later these animals were inseminated twice at 12 and 20 hours after the onset of oestrus. The heifers in group B were given 2 injections of 500 pg cloprotenol (2 cc estrumate) at 11 days interval and were given fixed time insemination at 72 and 96 hours after second injection. The heifers in group C received no treatment and served as controls. The animals in oestrus from group C were inseminated at 12 and 20 hours after the onset of oestrus. The rectal palpation was performed for ovarian structures twice in a week for two consecutive weeks and at oestrus for follicular development and on day 8 and 10 after oestrus for corpus luteum. Pregnancy was diagnosed on day 60 post insemination. Blood samples were collected on day 8 and 10 after oestrus for progesterone estimation. Progesterone concentration was estimated by enzyme immuno assay technique. All the heifers in group A exhibited oestrus within 49.83 ± 12.65 hours; after PMSG injection. No animal from group B exhibited oestrus whereas only one heifers from control group C exhibited oestrus. The duration of oestrus in buffalo heifers treated with Norgestomet ear implant was 18.00 ± 0.30 hours. The only heifer from group C remained in oestrus for 20 hours. Only one animal (16.66%) conceived at induced oestrus in group A. None of the animal from group B and C became pregnant. Progesterone levels were found to be indicative of ovarian activity in experimental animals. Plasma progesterone concentration of 0.61 ± 0.16 ng/ml was observed on day 8 and 10 in animals showing inovulatory oestrus from group A whereas progesterone values of 5.2 and 0.7 ng/ml were observed in ovulating animals, exhibiting the presence of active corpus luteum. Low progesterone levels of 0.62 ± 0.17 ng/ml were observed in heifers from group B showing the non functional status of the ovarian. Plasma progesterone levels of 5.2 and 7.5 ng/ml was observed on day 8 and 10 after insemination in the only heifers from the control group C. The remaining 5 animals were having smooth ovaries with basal levels of plasma progesterone (0.53_+ 0.9ng/ml). In conculsion Norgestome treatment was found to be effective for induction of oestrus in buffalo heifers during summer. However studies whoud be undertaken to determine the reasons of lower conception rate. Prostaglandin (PGF2a) treatment was found ineffective in noncycling true anoestrus buffalo heifers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0424,T] (1).
322.
Reproductive Performance Of Crossbred Cows
by Rafique, M | MR. Kazimaraza Chohan | Dr. Muhammad Aleem | Mr. M. Sarwar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Data on 2290 breeding records of 709 Hoistein-Friesian x Sahiwal (H x S) crossbred cows of various exotic inheritance levels maintained at Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadurnagar, Okara during 1974-1993 were used in this study. The data were analysed to estimate the magnitude of different reproductive traits, i.e age at maturity, age at first conception, age at first calving, number of services per conception, postpartum oestrus interval, service period, calving interval, dry period, gestation period, conception rate and reproductive efficiency.
The least squares means in various genetic groups of H x S for age at maturity, age at first conception and age at first calving were 618.42 ± 6.78, 697.51 ± 8.03 and 987.85 ± 7.85 days, respectively. The means for postpartum oestrus interval and service period were 95.62 ± 6.66 and 152.43 ± 8.14 days, respectively. The mean for number of services averaged 2.24 ± 0.09. The gestation period was 283.39 ± 0.59 days, whereas the calving interval was 445.43 ± 8.67 days. The mean for dry period was 160.71 ± 7.48 days. The conception rate and reproductive efficiency averaged 53.67 and 82.48 ± 1.42 percent, respectively.
The effect of year of birth on age at maturity, age at first conception and age first calving (H x S) was highly significant (P < 0.01). The effect of genetic group on age at maturity, age at first calving was also highly significant ( P<0.10). The effect of season of birth was significant (P<0.05) for age at maturity, while non-significant results were obtained for age at first conception and age at first calving.
The number of services per conception differed significantly (P<O.O1) due to year of calving, season of calving and genetic groups. The parity had no effect on number of services per conception. The effect of year of calving and season of calving was significant (P<O.O1) for postpartum oestrus interval and service period, while the genetic group had non-significant effect on these parameters. The effect of parity was also significant (P<0.01) for postpartum oestrus interval and service period. The service period was (139.18 ± 9.31 days) in crossbred cows calving during autumn season and longest (162.24 ± 9.78 days) in summer calvers. The postpartum oestrus interval was longest (105.59 ± 7.45 days) in winter calvers and shortest (87.34 ± 7.63 days) in cows calving in autumn season.
The effect of year of calving, season of calving, lactation number (parity) had significant effect (P<0.01) on gestation period and calving interval while the genetic group had no significant effect on' both of these traits. The cows calved during autumn showed shorter (428.94 ± 9.89 days) calving interval as compared to those calved in summer (456.17 ± 10.42 days).
The effect of year of calving, season of calving, parity and genetic groups was significant on dry period. The 1/2 F4 (H x S) cows had minimum (124.40 ± 19.05 days) dry period while 1/4 (H x S) showed the maximum (196.72 ± 14.76 days) dry period.
The effect of season of calving was significant (P< 0.05) on reproductive efficiency while the year of calving and genetic group of the cow had non-significant effect on reproductive efficiency. The cows calved during summer showed lower (78.26 ± 2.02 %) reproductive efficiency while the cows calved in autumn or winter season had higher (84.20 ± 2.37 %) reproductive efficiency.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0425,T] (1).
323.
Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Coccidiosis In Sheep And Goats And Its Effect On Certain Blood Parameters
by Nasir Ali, Faridi | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Khalid Pervaz | Dr. Mubasher | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: This project was designed to find out the prevalance and chemotherapy of coccidiosis in sheep and goats and its effect on certain blood parameters like Haemoglobin, TLC, DLC, Glucose,and Total Serum Protein.
Two drugs namely suiphadimidine and suiphaqunoxaline were used in this research project. For this purpose 60 animals(i.e sheep and goats) were taken and divided into 3 groups(A,B and C) containing 20 animals each(i.e 10 sheep and 10 goats). Group A was again subdivided into two subgroups Ag & As containing 10 animals each(i.e 10 goats and 10 sheeps) were treated with sulphadimidine.Group B was again subdivided into two subgroups Bg & Bs containing 10 animals each(i.e 10 goats and 10 sheeps) were treated with suiphaquinoxaline. Group C was again subdivided into two subgroups Cg & Cs containing 10 animals each (i.e 10 goats and 10 sheeps) were kept as infected non.medicated control.
The efficacy of drugs were determined on the reduction of OPG in faeces.
From the results it is find out that the average OPG on zero day of medication in groups i.e Ag,As & Bg,Bs were 75100, 72200, 60800 & 67200 respectively.The average reduction of OPG on 10th day of medication in groups i.e Ag,As & Bg,Bs were 300,340,120 & 280 respectively.The OPG of control groups were increased on the subsequent days.
The average Haemoglobin on zero day of medication in groups Ag,As,& Bg,Bs were 6.53,8.02,6. 89 & 7.93 respectively The average Haemoglobin on lOtti day of medication in groups Ag,As,Bg,Ss were 8.628.80, 9.44 & 8.78 respectively.The Haemglobin of the control groups were decreased on subsequent days. Average TLC on zero day of medication in groups Ag,As,Bg,Bs were 16.50 ,16.50 & 15.50,19.50.Average TLC on 10th day of medication in groups Ag,As & Bg,Bs were 14.50,12.90 & 13.60,13.50 respectively.The TLC of control groups were increased on the subsequent days.Average DLC on zero day of medication in groups Ag was 49.40,68.00,7.00 11.10 & 17.50 in group Bg was 51.20 ,70.30,6.90, 12.20 & 19.40 in group As was 50.20,70.20,8.00,12.00 & 18.50 in group Bs was 50.40.71.60,6.10,17.20 & 18.40 .Average DLC on 10th day of medication in groups Ag was 48.40,67.00,7.00 11.10 & 17.50 in group Bg was 50.20 ,69.30,7.10,12.20 & 19.40.ln Group As was 49.40,69.10,8.00,12.00 & 18.50 in group Bs was 49.40,70.60,6.10,17.20,18.40.DLC of the control groups were incresed on the subsequent days. Average Blood Glucose on zero day of medication in groups Ag,As,Bg,Bs were 24.30, 31.30 & 29.30, 35.50 respectively.Average Blood Glucose on 10th day of medication in groups Ag,As,Bg,Bs were 37.00, 42.40, 42.80, 45.00. Blood glucose in control were decreased on the subsequent days. Average Total Serum protein on zero day of medication in groups Ag,As & Bg,Bs were 3.52,4.25,3.93,4.18. Average Total Serum protein on 10 th day of medication in groups Ag,As,Bg,Bs were 4.89,5.56 & 5.43,5.57 respectively.The total serum protein in control groups were decreased on the susequent days.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0426,T] (1).
324.
Comparative Evaluation Of Esophagotomy In The Equine With And Without Pharyngostomy Tube
by Safdar Hamid, Bhatti | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | Dr. Mohammad | Dr. Muhammad Younis h | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The esophagus is one of the important parts of gastrointestinal tract of the animals. It is a specialized organ, serving to carry food from pharynx to the stomach. There are so many anomalies associated with esophagus like obstruction due to foreign bodies, tumors, strictures, diverticula and stenosis. Esophageal obstruction (choke) in equines can occur as a result of food impaction, orally administered caustic or corrosive medicinal agents and trauma to the neck. Choke is most commonly caused by food impaction, which can result in circumferential mucosal damage and subsequent esophageal strictures. The mega-esophagus may lead to pneumonia as a result of aspiration of ingesta. The diagnosis is based on the history and clinical signs. In all such cases esophagotomy is the only solution to the problem, as the conservative treatment does not help the animal.
To carry out this experimental study 15 donkeys were divided into four groups. Group-I comprised of seven animals, Group-IT and III had three animals each and group-TV consisted of two animals. In group-I, the esophagus was incised longitudinally and closed in two layers. After closure of esophagotomy the pharyngostomy tube was passed for feeding purpose. In group II and III the esophagotomy procedure was the sam as in group I, but the animals were fed without pharyngostomy tube after surgery. The animals of group II, were kept on intravenous therapy for the first 72 hours and then shifted to the liquid diet per orum. Whereas the animals of group III were kept on liquid diet for the first seven days and then to the pelleted diet till 15th post-operative day. From then onward they were fed solid food orally. The esophagotomy incision in group IV was not sutured. These animals acted as control and were allowed to eat solid food orally from the very first post-operative day. The animals of each group were closely watched during the experimental period for seroma, leakage and infection. The tabulated and graphic results indicated that the animals of group II showed better results than the animals of group I, III and IV because:
i) The esophagotomy incision healed through first intention.
ii) No signs of dehiscence or leakage were noticed.
iii) As the animals were kept on parenteral therapy for the first 72 hours, it helped in good mucosal healing and no leakage was seen.
iv) The necropsy finding revealed, that the mucosal and muscular layers healed excellently.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0427,T] (1).
325.
Effect Of Experimentally Induced Coccidiosis On Some Blood Parameters And Its Treatment With Three New Anticoccidial Drugs In Broilers
by Arshad Latif Arshad | Dr. Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmed | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: One hundred and fifty day 01(1 broiler chicks were obtained from a local hatchery. They were reared upto day 26. All the birds were given feed having no coccicliostat.
At the age of 26 clays the birds were divided into five groups A, B, C, D and E. The D and B were control groups. The test groups were infected with 75000 sporulated oocysts On 26th day of age, group D was infected and non medicated while group E was kept non infected and non medicated. The group A, B and C were treated with clopidol, monensin and salinomycin respectively after the appearance of clinical symptoms.
The total oocyst counts in all groups on zero day of infection were nil and on 1st, 5th and 9th day of medication, groups A, B, C, D showed 25800, 20400, 23800, 197500 oocysts counts respectively, while group B examined nil being control non infected group.
The mortalities observed in groups A, B, C, D and E were 6, 2, 3, 8 and nil while percent mortality was 20%, 6.66%, 10%, 26.66% and 0.00%. In treated groups, monensin showed least mortality.
The feed intake and feed conversion of groups A, B and C were almost equal. While group D (infected and non medicated) was relatively poor. As far as group E (non infected and non medicated) is concerned it showed better results.
In haematological studies the average values of haemoglobin levels, erythrocytic count and total serum protein were lower post infection as compared to the respective control group E (non infected and non medicated). The total leukocytic count was increased in all groups as compared to group E (non infected and non medicated). The differential leukocytic count, the lymphocyte decreased, heterophils and monocytes increased. The eosinophils and basophils showed variation in their number.
The study showed efficacy of Monensin, Salinomycin and Clopidol in descending order respectively. Monensin was to be drug of choice against coccidiosis.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0428,T] (1).
326.
Extra Articular Substitution Of The Cranial Cruciate Ligament With Patellar Tendon
by Huma Noor | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | Dr. Mubasher | Dr. Muhammed Younas | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament is the most common cause of hind-limb lameness in the dog. Many techniques have been used for the repair of ruptured cranial cruciate ligament including intra-articular techniques both using synthetic and viable materials.
Viable materials have proved better then synthetic due to lesser chances of rejection and infection. Extra-articular techniques are also though better than intra-articular repairs as whole of the joint is manipulated in the latter which increases the chances of trauma.
In this project 12 dogs were used in which 2 were the control dogs.
The dogs underwent repair of the ruptured cranial cruciate ligament by using extra-articular technique in which a strip of the patellar ligament along with the superficial half of the patella was screwed to the lateral side of the lateral femoral condyle in a way to eliminate the cranial drawer sign. The joint was approached through a medial parapatellar artrotomy. In the control dogs the cranial cruciate ligament was cut but not repaired.
All the dogs were kept in Kennel cages for a period of twelve weeks and evaluated clinically by various physical tests at regular interval. Euthanasia was performed after twelve weeks and the stifle joints of all the operated dogs were explored for gross abnormalities. In case of the repaired dogs, majority of the results confirmed that the joints remained stable throughout the experimental period. However, in case of control dogs the post-euthanasia evaluation was clearly indicative of the complete rupture of cranial cruciate ligaments. Hence it was seen that the surgical technique used in this study provided adequate stability to the stifle joints in which the cranial cruciate ii gament was ruptured experimentally.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0431,T] (1).
327.
The Effects Of Piroplasmosis On Hematology In Equines
by Salva | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Shakeel | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: Piroplasmosis is a serious disease of the domestic animals including horses. It is caused by species of the genus Babesia i.e. . egui and B. caballi resulting in death due to excessive loss of blood. The present study was conducted to find out the effect of natural Piroplasmosis on various blood parameters, viz, total erythrocytes count (TEC), hemoglobin estimation (Jib), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocytes count (TLC) and differential leukocytes count (DLC) in horses.
A total of forty horses (Group A including 20 uninfected horses and Group B included 20 horses showing clinical symptoms of the disease and confirmed positive for piroplasmosis through blood examination were used in the study and found to cause the infection although . caballi infection was more predominant.
Heamatological examination revealed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level and packed cell volume of the infected horses.
Normocytic and hypochromic type of anemia was observed. Total leukocyte count was also decreased. A decrease in the number of rieutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes was also observed in the infected horses.
Out of the 20 infected horses, 4 had B. equi and sixteen had B. caballi infection indicating that . caballi was more prevalent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0432,T] (1).
328.
A Study Of Gastro Intestinal Parasitism And Haematological Disturbances Associated With Single Or Multiple Infection In Sheep
by Hafeez, M | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Mubashar Saeed Mian | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: Nature has blessed Pakistan with a large population of livestock which play an important role in the economy of the country. Parasitism adversely effects the growth and production of livestock. Great economic losses have been attributed to the sheep population in our country due to parasitic infections including gastro-intestinal parasitism. A study of gastro-intestinal parasitism with isolation and identification of the parasite species affecting sheep at different age groups in and around Lahore was conducted in the months of July, August, September and October, 1994.
For this purpose 200 G.I. tracts of sheep (One hundred each from below six months and above six months of age) were collected from Lahore Metropolitan Corporation, Abattoir.
The overall incidence of gastro-itestinal parasitism in sheep was found to be 68.5%. Age group wise incidence was found to be 71% and 66% in sheep below and above six months of age respectively. Classwise overall incidence was found to be Sporozoan (51%), Trematodes (21%), Cestodes (62%) and Nematodes (68%).
Age group wise incidence of Sporozoan, Trematodes, Cestodes and Nematodes was found to be 60% and 42%, 12% and 30%, 71% and 53%, 73% and 63% in sheep below and above six months of age.
Month-wise prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasitism was also carried out which was higher in the month of August and lowest in the month of October. Nineteen different species of Parasites were recorded which are detailed as under:
1. Eimeria arloingi
2. Eimeria ninakohlvakimovae
3. Eimerla parva
4. Elmerla intricata
5. Eimeria faurei
6. Paramphistomum cervi
7. Cotylophoron cotvlophorum
8. Moniezia. expansa
9. Moniezia benedeni
10. Avitellina centripunctata
11. Haemonchus contortus
12. Oesophagostomum colunThianum
13. Oesophagostonim venulosum
14. Trichuri
15. Ostertagia circumcincta
16. Ostertagia ostertagi
17. Chabertia ovina
18. Trichostrongvlus colubriformis
19. Nematodirus spathiger
The isolation and identification of various collected parasites was carried out. The relationship between the age of sheep and the occurrence of gestro-Intestinal parasitism was also studied. There was a Non Significant difference in the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites among the two groups.
The present project was also aimed to observe the effect of single or multiple parasitism on certain haematological parameters like, estimation of haemoglobin contents, total erythrocytic count, total leukocytic count, erythrocyte sedimentation Rate, packed cell volume and differential leukocytic count.
These heamatological studies were carried out on control (parasitic free) and parasitised sheep of below and above six months of age.
The findings of haematological studies showed that there was decrease in haemoglobin contents. total erythrocytic count, packed cell volume, total leukocytic count and increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate in both sheep below and above six months of age under the effect of single or multiple gastrointestinal parasitism. The values of differential leukocytic count were variable in both age groups.
Most of the haematological disturbances on various blood parameters in both age group of sheep were proved to be statistically significant.
From the results of the presents study, it has been concluded that the incidence of gastro-intestinal parasitism in sheep below and above six months of age is on the higher side which warrants that certain essential preventive measures must be adopted to safeguard our valuable livestockfrom these serious parasitic infestations. It is also evident from the results that gastro-intestinal parasitism adversely affects the blood components in sheep which may lead to anaemia, loss of growth and loss of production.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0433,T] (1).
329.
Efficacy Of Triclabendazole And Oxyclozanide Against Fascioliasis In Buffaloes And Their Effect On Blood Parameters
by Amer Aziz | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Haji Ahmed | Dr.Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: A comparative study was made among Fasinex 5% (Triclabendazole 50 mg/mi, Ciba Giegy), Endex 19.5% (Triclabendao1e 120 mg/mi + Levainisole 75 mg/mi, Ciba-Geigy) and Zanil 3% (Oxyclozanide 30 mg/mi, ICI) against fascioliasis in buffaloes and their effect on blood parameters.
Sixty naturally infected buffaloes were selected and divided into four equal groups i.e. A, B, C and D containing 15 animals each. Each animal of Group A was given Fasinex 5% (1 ml/4.2 kg), Group B was given Endex 19.5% (1 mi/la kg), Group C was given Zanil 3% (1 ml/2 kg), while group D was kept as control.
The mean efficacy of Fasinex 5% and Endex 19.5%, was 100% while Zanil 3% was 92.5% on 28th day post medication.
Haematological changes were observed after examining the Total erythrocytic count, Haemoglobin estimation, Packed cell volume, Total leukocytic count and Differential leukocytic count which showed that there was a significant lower values for red blood cells counts (RBC), Haernoglobin (fib) and packed cell volume (PCV) while higher values were obtained for eósinophil counts in infected buffaloes.
The data were analyzed statistically by applying One way Analysis of Variance (Anova Table) technique and Least significant difference test.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0434,T] (1).
330.
Pathology Of Infectious Bursal Disease Following Challenge In Broiler Chicks Vaccinated With Three Different Vaccines
by Mamoon Rashid Chaudhry | Dr. Shakil Akthar Khan | Dr. Ahmad Raza | Dr. S. Ata-ur-Rehman | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the pathology of IBD following challenge in broiler chicks vaccinated with three different commercial imported live virus vaccines i.e. [BUR-706 (V1), D-78 (V2) and Bursine-2 (V3)]. A total number of 240 day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into eight groups, A through H, each containing 30 birds. Groups A, B and C were vaccinated with vaccines V1, V2 and V3 respectively as per schedule of the manufacturers and were challenged at 30 days of age with the local IBD strain procured from Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Lahore intraocularly, while groups D, E, and F vaccinated with the V1, V2 and V3 were kept unchallenged. The group G nonvaccinated but challenged at 30 days of age was kept as control. The group H, which was non vaccinated and nonchallenged also kept as control.
All the birds were challenged at day 37 of experiment, lymphoid organs (bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus) to body weight indices were determined. These organs were also gross and histopathologically examined. Serum samples of each bird was analyzed for estimation of antibody titre by applying Agar Gel Precipitation technique. The experimental data was statistically analysed by complete randomized design.
The clinical signs like haemorrhages in thigh and pectoral muscles alongwith mucus in intestine were noted only in the group which was non-vaccinated but challenged. Similarly the bursa of Fabricius grossly appeared severely hemorrhagic and atrophied in the birds of group G. But the bursas of the birds inoculated with the intermediate vaccines V1 and V2 were also slightly atrophied. The spleen and thymus of the birds inoculated with the field isolate but non vaccinated were slightly swollen with grey foci on their surfaces.
Histopathological study of the bursa revealed an abundance of plasma cells, macrophages and necrotic areas in the medullary areas of follicles in the group G.
The spleen showed multifocal areas of liquefactive necrosis with lymphocytic depletion in the same group which was kept non vaccinated but challenged. The thymus showed no any marked histologic lesion.
All the inoculated birds were found positive for the Infectious bursal disease virus antibodies.
The statistical analysis of the lymphoid organ: body weight index of bursa showed a highly significant difference in the birds challenged but non vaccinated and the birds either vaccinated challenged or vaccinated nonchallenged and non inoculated birds. The lymphoid organ: body weight indices of spleen and thymus showed non significant difference amongst all the birds. Hence from this study it can be concluded that all three imported vaccines were some what equally efficacious in preventing clinical IBDV infection, except the little immunosuppressive effect of the two intermediate strain vaccines.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0435,T] (1).
331.
Pathological Changes Associated With Experimental Infectious Bursal Disease In Broiler Chickens
by Nyla Dil Tarar | Dr. Shakeel Akhter Khan | Dr ..S. Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Dr. Ahmed Raza | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the pathological changes associated with experimental Infectious bursal disease in broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty broiler chicks on 21 days of age were randomnly divided into six groups, A through F, each containing 40 birds. The inoculum of Infectious bursal disease virus was inoculated intraocularly in the chicks of group A at the age of 21 days, in group C at the age of 28 days, and in group E at the age of 35 days. Groups B, D and F were kept as control for groups A, C and E respectively. Blood samples and lymphoid organs of seven randomnly selected chickens from each group were collected at day 4 post inoculation (P1), 8 P1 and 12 P1, and haematology (TLC, DLC), serology (AGPT) and histopathology of lymphoid organs were conducted.
Typical clinical signs of IBD were noted. The chief and consistent gross lesion produced in the chickens infected at different ages was an initial increase in the size of bursa. At day 4 P1 bursa was oedematous and double in size but at days 8, 12, P1 it was smaller in size than in control chickens. The spleen and thymus appeared almost normal grossly except a few gray foci on spleen.
Histopathological study of bursa of Fabricius (regardless of the age at infection) revealed an initial macrophage and heterophil infiltration of the lymphoid follicle and inter-follicular spaces followed by increased inter-follicular connective tissue, plasma cells, macrophage and thickening of bursal epithelium. Spleen showed lymphocytic necrosis and depletion in the initial stages followed by repopulation. Statistical analysis of lymphoid organ: body weight indices of spleen, bursa and thymus showed a significant difference in the inoculated and control chickens but there was no difference in the chickens inoculated at different ages. All the inoculated birds were found positive for the Infectious bursal disease virus antibodies. The results of hematological study indicated that there was a decrease in the total number of leukocyte and percentage of hetrophils and lymphocytes in all the inoculated chickens regardless of the age at the time of infection. Thus it can be concluded from this study that age susceptibility, from 21 to 35 days, among broiler chickens for Infectious bursal disease was nearly the same.
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332.
Comparative Efficacy Of Oxfendazole, Albendazole And Ivermectin Against Gastro Intestinal Nematodes Of Horses
by Nadeem Kamal | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Mubasher | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0437,T] (1).
333.
Comparative Study On The Effect Of Experimentally Produced Hydropericardium Syndrome On Some Visceral Organs of Three Different Broiler Chicken Strains
by Imtiaz Rashid Qureshi | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Shahzada Khuram Ashara | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Susceptibility, liver function , kidney function and gross and histopathological changes in different organs among different strains of broilers were studied in this experiment.
For this purpose 300 days old broiler chicks of three different strains (Hubbard,Lohmann and Indian River)were obtained from two different commecial hatcheries .Each strain was divided into two equal groups comprising of 50 birds each. These groups were further subdivided into two equal subqroups comprising of 25 birds each .Sub groups so formed were A1,A2,r3l,E2.Cl.C2,Dl,D2,El,E2,Fl and F2. Sub groups (Bl,B2,Dl,D2,Fl and F2) were challenged with HPS inoculum thiough S/C route on 21st day whereas groups (Al,A2,C1,C2,E1 and E2) were kept as control and inoculated with normal saline through S/C route on the same day. Clinical symptoms observed were depression, ruffled feathers, loose dropings, inappetance, disinclination to move and lowering down the head with beak point rested on the litter. Gross lesions observed were hydropericardium,hepatomagaly,nephritis, congestion and oedema of lungs. Microscopically necrosis, congestion, oedema, haemorrhages and leukocytic infiltration was recorded. For the estimation of liver and kidney function, tests for the estimation of total protein concentration and urea concentration in serum were carriedout which showed significant decrease (P<0.0l)in the total serum protein concentration and significant increase (P>0.0l) in urea concentration in the serum of experimentally challanged chicks.
This study revealed that highest mortality/slaughter occurred in Hubbard strain of broiler in which the increase in the level of urea concentration in the serum of inoculated group was the highest. Similarly lowest mortality/slaughter was recorded in Lohrnann strain in which the increase in the level of urea concentration in the serum of experimentally challenged chicks was the lowest. This study indicated that succeptibility directly depends upon the damage occurred to liver and kidneys.
The decrease in the level of total protein concentration in the serum was almost equal in all strains. As regards mortality this study exhibited that maximum mortality occurred in hubbard strain of broiler and lowest in lohmann strain which indicated that susceptibility for HPS varied among different strain of broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0438,T] (1).
334.
Comparative Efficacy Of Anthelmintics Against Gastro Intestinal Parasites Of Buffalo Calves And Their Effects On Blood Parameters
by Tariq Humayun | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: A total of 90 (60%) out of 150 fecal samples from buffalo calves of different age groups were found positive for gastrointestinal parasites. Coprological examination revealed Toxocara vitulorurn (42.22%) as single infection and 31.11% as mixed infection. Strongy.Zoides papillosus as 21.11% as single infection arid 20% mixed infection. Nematodirus spp. 1.11% as single. Haemonchus sp., 2.22% as single and 1.11% mixed infection. Honiezia sp. 3% as single and Eimeria spp., 21% as single and 13.33% as mixed infection. Intensity of infection of gastro-intestinal parasites in buffalo calves was determined as 41.1% of calves upto 500 eggs per gm of faeces, in 22.22% calves from 501 to 1000 epg, in 16.66% calves from 1001 to 1500 epg and in 20% calves greater than 1500 epg of faeces.
Comparative percentages of means of EPG counts of infected control subgroups of groups A,B and C showed increasing trend of EPG counts by day 14. However subgroup A3, showed 'I3.l% reduction, subgroup B3 showed 61.15% reduction and C) showed 72.29% reduction in epg counts on day 3 after medication with oxfendazole. Similarly on day 7 of medication, the reduction percentage were, 95.52, 89.93 and 96.38 in respective subgroups. Albendazole in subgroups A4, 84 and C4 showed reduction on day 3, by 67.08, 64.89 and 78.57 and 95.24 respectively. On day 14, both the anthelmintics showed 100% etticacy No significant change was noted in RBC, UBC counts Hb gm/mi and PCV%, however, Eosinophils and lymphocyte counts depicted siynificant increase in the infected subgroups.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0439,T] (1).
335.
Comparative Study On The Incidence And Pathology Of Morbid Conditions Of Uterus And Cervix Of Teddy And Local Non Descriptive Goats
by Yousaf Hassan Khera | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Ahmad Raza | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmed Ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The project was designed to study incidence and pathology of uterine and cervical maladies in two breeds (Teddy and Local non- descriptive) of goats. Three hundred uteri and cervices (150 from each breed) of goats of three age groups, 1-2 years, 2-3 years and above three years (50 in each group) were collected from Lahore slaughter house and then thoroughly examined for any gross pathological change. The organs exhibiting macropathological lesions were subjected to morphometric, histopathological and histochemical examinations.
Of the 300 uteri and cervices, 35 (11.66%) showed morbid conditions. In 150 Teddy goats, pathological conditions were observed in, 1-2 years age group 4 (8%), 2-3 years age group 7 (14%) and in above 3 years age group 8 (16%). In 150 local non-descriptive goats, gross pathological conditions were present in, 1-2 years age group 3 (6%), 2-3 years age group 6 (12%) and in above 3 years age group 7 (14%). These results showed that incidence of pathological conditions increased with the age of the goats in both the breeds and incidence was slightly higher in Teddy goats than Local non descriptive goats in the same age groups. The following eight pathological conditions namely metritis, pyometra, pigmentation, endometrial cysts, adhesions, fibrosis, hemorrhages and aplasia of uterus were found. The morphometric, gross and histopathological changes of each disease condition of uterine horns, uterine body and cervices were studied. The histochemical evidence of tissue exhibited PAS and alcian blue reactions revealing presence of carbohydrates were also studied.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0440,T] (1).
336.
Effect Of Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (Gnrh) On Post Partum Ovarian Activity In Nili Ravi Buffaloes
by Akhlaq Tabassam | Dr. Muhammad Aleem | Dr. Kazim Raza Chohan | Dr. Khalid | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Sixteen pluriparus Nili-Ravi buffaloes at 30-35 days postpartum were used. These buffaloes were randomly divided into 2 groups i.e. viz A and B GnRH treated and control group (n=8). A group received single injection of 200jg GnRH and B group served as control. Blood sample were collected on the days 0 (first day of experiment) 4 and 8 of the experiment.
At day 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 in control and treated groups the average size of follicles were 0.91±0.12 and 1.2±0.28 1.1±0.2 cm, 0.6±0.2 cm and 1.9±0.2, 0.37±0.17cm 1.87±0.3, 1.36±0.27, 1.4±0.24, 1.37±0.22, 1.35±0.24, 1.26±2.0 cm respectively. The average number of follicles in GnRH treated and control buffaloes were 1.5±0.17, 1.62±0.16, 1.5±0.21, 0.62±0.32, 1.5±0.3 and 0.37±0.17, 1.5±0.18, 1.5±0.18, 1.75±0.16, 1.36±0.15, 1.37±0.27, 1.25±0.18 at day 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 respectively. Two animal from treated group responded to GnRH and showed a rise in serum progesterone concentration 0.81, 3.40, 3.44 and .101, 2.93, 3.00 ng/ml at day 0, 4 and 8 respectively. One animal from control group showed a rise in P4 at day 4 only
In GnRH group animal exhibited oestrus during 76.5±6.31 days of postpartum. In control group animal exhibited oestrus at 89.7±7.32 days of postpartum. From the present study it is concluded that GnRH treatment at 35 days postpartum can initiate cyclic ovarian activity, and GnRH can be used for luteinization of large follicle present on the ovary\ reduction in calving interval and postpartum interval to oestrus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0441,T] (1).
337.
Comparative Study Of Different Techniques Of Tracheal Anastomosis With Various Degrees Of Resection In The Dog
by Majid Khan, A | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | Dr. Muhammkad Younas | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Tracheal stenosis in the dog is a common occurrence due to a wide variety of etiological factors like foreign body, neoplasm, collapsed tracheal ring etc. Resection of stenotic segment and end-to- end anastomosis of trachea is a practical procedure for the correction of tracheal stenosis. Several techniques of tracheal anastomosis are reported in literature. These techniques have been used with variable success. This project was designed to compare three techniques of tracheal anastomosis at two different degrees of resection.
The study was carried out on 18 clinically healthy normal mongrel dogs. These dogs were divided into two groups (I & II) of 9 dogs each. In group I, four tracheal rings were resected while in group-Il resection of eight rings was performed. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups i.e. Ia, Ib, Ic, ha, lIb and tic. This subdivision was based on three techniques of anastomosis to be tested.
- In subgroups Ia and Ila simple interrupted pericartilaginous sutures were applied for anastomosis.
- In subgroups lb and lIb everting anastomosis was performed by applying horizontal mattress through the apposed annular ligaments.
- In subgroups Ic and lic telescoping anastomosis was performed. Caudal segment of the trachea was telescoped into the cranial segment.
All the animals survived after the operation, no complication was observed. Healing occurred in all the subgroups. However on radiography luminal stenosis was observed in all the cases, which was more prominent in subgroups Ic and lIc as compared to other subgroups. This was also confirmed by gross examination at the postmortem. Histologically complete healing was observed at the end of 8th week post-operative.
The everting anastomotic technique used in subgroups lb and lIb proved better in terms of tracheal apposition, narrowing of lumen and healing. The degree of resection as such seems to be having no effect on tracheal healing.
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338.
A Study Of Gastro Intestinal Helminthiasis And The Effects Of Natural Infection On Various Blood Parameters In The Buffaloes
by Ishtiaq Ahmad | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: A total of 76 buffaloes brought to the Lahore Metropolitan Slaughter house were studied for helminthiasis. Out of which 50 (65.79%) were found positive.
The helminthiasis positive guts were examined for the presence of helminths and the following species were identified Haemonchus contortus (11.84%), Haemonchus placei (10.53%), Ostertagia ostertagi (7.89%), Trichostrongylus axei (3.95%), Mecistocirrus digitatus (2.63%), Trichostrongylus colubriformis (7.89%), Cooperia oncophora (9.21%), Cooperia punctata (5.26%), Cooperia pectinata (6.58%) , Nematodirus helvetianus (2.63%), Bunostomum phiebotomum (2.63%), Strongyloides papillosus (2.63%), Oesophagostornum radiatum (3.95%), Trichuris globulosa (1.32%), Paramphistomum cervi (3.95%), Paramphistomum microbothrium (2.63%) and Monezia benedeni (2.63%)
The effect of helminthiasis on blood parameters like, total erythrocytic count, total leukocytic count, packed cell volume, erythrocytic sedimentation rate, haemoglobin concentration was investigated and the values recorded were 5.840±0.110x106 Cimm, 5.447±0.074x103 Cumm, 32,858±0.230%, 38.004±0.217 mm/hr. and 10.368±0.096 gm/lOOml respectively. The differential leucocytic count values for neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils were
43.16±0.531%, 43.82±0.718%, 6.40±0.187%, 5.620±0.241% and 1.040±0.124% respectively.
Similarly the helminth free (control> animals studied for their total erythrocytic count, total leukocytic count, packed cell volume, erythrocytic sedimentation rate, haemoglobin concentration, gave their averages as 7.382±0.068x106 Cmm, 6.321±0.084x103 Cimm, 38.927±0.286%, 28.213±0.148 mm/hr. and 11.892±0.286 gm/lOOml respectively. The differential leukocytic count values for neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils were
29.15±0.365%, 56.0±0.513%, 8.12410.28%, 5. 852410 .264% and 0.90±0.191% respectively.
The average values for helminth infected and helminth free animals were analysed statistically. The infected animals had a significantly decreased total erythrocytic count, total leukocytic count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, lymphocytes and eosinophils with increased erythrocytic sedimentation rate and neutrophils, while no significant difference was seen in monocytes and basophils.
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339.
Study Of Pathogenesis Caused By Vitamin "E" Deficiency And Excess (Histopathology Of Brain, Livers, Spleen, Myocardium And Skeletal Muscles) In Broiler Chickens
by Robina Nasim | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The investigation was conducted to study the effects of deficiency and excess of vitamin E on growth, hematology and liver, spleen, myocardium, brain and skeletal muscles of the broiler chicken. One hundred and eighty day old broiler chicks were divided. into three groups A, B and C containing 60 chicks in each group. Group A was maintained on a feed deficient in vitamin E. Group B was maintained on a feed containing excess of vitamin E at the rate of 300 il/kg. Group C was kept as control. All the said groups were maintained on said feed for 28 days. The weights of the birds from each group were taken every week. All the groups were kept under close observations to record signs and symptoms upto the end of 4 weeks of age. 20 birds from each group were slaughtered for hematology (PCV, Hb concentration, TEC and TLC) and histopathological studies (liver, spleen, myocardium, brain and skeletal muscles). The weight of the organs (liver, spleen, heart and brain) were taken and recorded after slaughtering. There was a significant decrease in weight in group A and a significant increase in weight in group B as compared to control group C.
Antemortem symptoms were recorded throughout the experiment the birds of group. A showed loss of condition, leg weakness and slight paralysis of legs and birds of group B showed hock deformities.
The main necropsy findings were small hemorrhages throughout the body muscles more prominent on breast and thigh muscles and small pinpoint haemorrhages in brain and anemia throughout the muscles in group A. Haematological alterations were studied in all the groups i.e. A, B and C. There was no significant difference in total erythrocytic count among all the groujs. There was significant difference in packed cell volume haemoglobin concentrations and total leukocytic count. The total leukOcytic count showed significant increase in group A as compared to control group C. The main histopathological lesions of liver and spleen were necrosis and leukocytic infiltration in group A. No change was noted ub kuver abd sokeeb if group B. The brain showed necrosis, calcium deposits and haemorrhages and in myocardium there were necrosis, leukocytic infiltration and haemorrhages while in skeletal muscels necrosis, leukocytic infiltration and hyaline degeneration after 28 days of age in group A No. lesions were observed in group B and C (control)
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340.
The Pathology Of Experimental Vitamin A Exess And Deficiency In Broiler Chickens
by Sami Itrat, M | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Ahmad Raza | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: This study was conducted on broiler chickens for 7 weeks to investigate the effect of three different dietary levels of vitamin A on different body organs (oesophagus, liver, kidneys and ureters) by studying their weight and pathological lesions. The haematological parameters (TEC, Hb estimation and PCV) were also observed.
The results of the study revealed that vitamin A supplementation at 20,000 lU/Kg feed had beneficial effects on weight of organs such as oesophagus, liver, kidneys and ureters. Whereas vitamin A deficiency had adverse effects on body organs in terms of weight and morphology. No effect of different levels of vitamin A on haematological values.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0447,T] (1).
341.
Studies On The Pathological Aspects Of Early Chick Mortality Due To Bacterial Infections
by Raza ur Rehman | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to investigate the bacterial etiology in the early chick mortality in Punjab. For the purpose 500 dead chicks (1-2 weeks old) were collected and subjected to the bacteriological examinations.
Various media were used for the isolation, purification and identification of bacteria including MacConkey's broth, Selenite broth, S.S. agar, E.M.B. agar MacConkey's agar, Nutrient broth, Triple sugar iron agar, Blood agar, Mannitol salt.
The isolation of bacteria was done from heart, liver, spleen, yolk sac, intestine.
The standard techniques were used for biochemical and sugar fermentation reactions. The dead chicks were also examined for gross histopathological lesions.
Of 500 birds examined 56.8% birds yielded . cjj isolates followed by . pullorum (25.4%) and S. aureus (17.8%).
Sixty chicks suffering from Escherichia, Salmonella and Staphylococcus spp. infections (Twenty chicks positive for each genera) were selected for histopathological examination. The visceral organs (liver, lungs, heart, kidneys and spleen) showing characteristic lesions of diseases from 60 chicks were collected for histopathological study.
From the foregoing, it is evident that . cli, S. pullorum and S. aureus are major bacteria involved in early chick mortality. Therefore to avoid these infections, implementation of hygienic standards both at hatchery and brooder house, strict vaccination schedule; practice of disinfections, proper husbandry practices, testing of parent flocks for carriers, and finally strict quarantine measures are suggested.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0448,T] (1).
342.
Phagocytic Potential Of Chicken Peritoneal Macrophages To Pasteurella Multocida
by Saima Dil | Dr. Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: In this study phagocytic potential/activity of chicken peritoneal macrophages to P. multocida was determined. Macrophages were collected by injecting Sephadex G 75 Sintraperitoneally. Peritoneal exudate cells were collected on 24, 48 and 72 hours post Sephadex G-75 injection. By differential counting macrophages were found to be 70- 80% while the remaining 20-30% cells comprised lymphocytes and heterophils. There was no difference in percentage of macrophages on 24 hours, by single and double dose of Sephadex G-75 but on 72 hours post Sephadexc G-75 injection, percentage of macrophages was a little high by double dose.
Both capsulated and non-capsulated forms of P. multocida were chosen for examining phagocytic activity of the chicken peritoneal macrophages and the opsonizing role of the inactivated, normal and hyper immune sera. The capsulated P. multocida was phagocytosed less efficiently in the presence of hyperimmune and : normal sera then the non capsulated organisms. However, as against the latter, the former did not at all respond to the phagocytosing attempts of the macrophages, in the presence of the inactivated serum.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0449,T] (1).
343.
Effects Of Theileriasis On Various Blood Parameters And Total Serum Protein In Exotic And Cross Bred Cattle Present In And Around Lahore
by Arshad Mahmood, Ch | Dr. Muhammad Afzal | Dr. M. Sarwar | Dr. Muhasher Saeed Mian | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: A study was conducted on Theileriasis in rfleilel.ia species, as well as haematological values were conducted by using 28 crossbred and 22 exotic cattles. Theileria annulata was the only species identified in the erythrocytes of infected cattle. Clinically, signs of panting, temperature ranging from 103.8 to 105.8°F, swelling of superficial lymph nodes, salivation and decrease in milk production were observed in infected animals.
There were significant differences in haematological values in infected cattle as compared with non-infected ones. There was decrease in total erythrocytic count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, Total leukocytic count, serum protein and neutrophils. Whereas lymphocytes showed an increase in the infected cattle.
Regarding the comparison of crossbred and exotic cattle, there was statistically significant difference in both the means of total erythrocyte count, PCV, Haemoglobin, Serum Protein, lymphocytes and neutrophils. But no significant difference was seen between means of eosinophils, Basophils and monocytes of the exotics as well as the crossbred cattle.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0450,T] (1).
344.
The Effects Of Induced Coccidiosis On Growth And Blood Parameters In Commercial Quails (Coturnix Coturnix
by Ashraf, M | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Mubashar Saeed | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The study was designed to see the effects of experimentally induced coccidiosis op growth and blood parameters in commercial quails (coturnix coturnix japonica). For this purpose 200 day old quail chicks were obtained from a local hatchery and raised under standard, controlled coccidia free conditions. A commercial coccidiostat free feed was provided. At the age of 21 days, birds were divided into 2 groups A and B each comprising 100 birds.
Birds of group 'A' were kept as non infected control and birds of group 'B' were infected with I ml of coccidial inoculum having 50,000 sporulated oocysts given directly into crop. After the infection, the OPG of the both groups was recorded. Weekly weight gain/bird of both A and B group was recorded. Meanwhile the morbidity, mortality, clinical finding and post-mortem finding were also observed. At the end of experimental period of 42 day, 20 birds from each group were slaughtered and blood sample were collected for haematology.
The weight of birds in group 'B' was significantly lower than that of group 'A' birds. The morbidity and mortality rate in group B were 100% and 38% respectively.
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345.
Titration Of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus In Different Organs Of Gumboro Infected Birds And Embryonated Hen
by Saeed Anwar, M | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was quantitated in different organs of the infected birds and in different parts of the experimentally inoculated embryonated hen eggs through agar gel precipitation technique (AGPT). The AGPT was standardized in the laboratory using known hyperimmune sera against IBDV antigen. The concentration of the agar, antibody and antigen are important factors for the development of precipitation line. Moreover, only gel containing noble agar in distilled water is important for diffusion of the antigen/antibody, while either of the other reagents such as sodium chloride, phenol crystal and sodium azide are presumably added to inhibit the microbial growth.
The serum from birds on 14 days post first bost showed 294.1 ACPT titers, while egg yolk from these bird on 30-45 days post first boost were having 68.6 AGPT titers. Postmortem examination showed the lesions
In liver,Kidney, spleen, intestine and bursa fabricius. It was observed that only bursa of fabricius showed detectable level (1:4 to 1:16) of IBD virus titers. Similarly, chorioaflantoic membrane of the inoculated egg showed 1:4 AGPT titers. From this study it was concluded that AGPT is a crude but highly reliable test for qualitative and quantitative study of IBDV antigen or antibodies.
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346.
Effects Of Clopidol And Lasalocid (Avatec) (Coccidiostats) On The Immunity Of Broiler Chicks Vaccinated
by Umer Farooq, M | Dr. Syed Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Dr. Khalid | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The birds that received Avatec at recommended dosage levels had higher body weight than the Clopidol medicated, Cyclophosphamide treated or untreated control birds.
Both Avatec and Clopidol treatments did not adversely affect the weights of bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus and liver of birds. Cyclophosphamide treatment of birds in early life resulted in.bursal atrophy and slight depression of splenic weight gain.
Avatec and Clopidol were immuno-stimulants and birds eating medicated rations had higher antibody titres as compared to control birds. The NDV vaccinated birds on Avatec and Clopidol medicated rations and those on non-medicated rations resisted challenge with a virulent ND virus, while the non-vaccinated birds of any treatment group and vaccine free control could not withstand this challenge.
Conclusions
This study indicated that Clopidol and Avatec, when used at recommended dosage levels (25 gm of Premix/50 kg of feed and 6.25 gm of pure drugl5O kg of feed respectively) did not interfere with the development of birds; did not have any adverse effects on weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus, liver; did not interfere with the development of humoral immunity in vaccinated birds. Their medication in feed rather produced beneficial effects on serum, weight gain and antibody production. The injection of Cyclophosphamide resulted in lower body weights, destruction of the bursa of Fabricius, poor antibody response of birds to vaccination against NDV, and very high post-challenge mortality.
The weight gain studies indicated that vaccinated and non- vaccinated birds on Clopidol and Avatec medicated feeds had non- significantly higher body weights that those on non-medicated ration at 56 days of age. Avatec at recommended dosage level, had more beneficial effects on the body weights than the Clopidol. These studies further indicated that vaccinated birds kept on Avatec medicated feed had significantly higher serum antibody titres on day 56 than the vaccinated non-medicated control birds.
From the results of this study it is concluded that Avatec and Clopidol are not immuno-suppressive drugs when used at recommended dosage levels. They rather have beneficial effects on growth performance and immune response of birds. However, there is a need for further investigations.
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347.
Immune Response Of Broilers Treated With Amprolium And Chloramphenicol
by Rakhshanda Perveen Cheema | Dr. Muhammad Akram Muneer | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The birds that received arnprolium at recommended dosage levels had higher mean body weight than the chioramphenicol medicated, cyclophosphamide treated or untreated control birds.
Arnprolium treatment did not adversely affect the weight of bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus and liver of birds. Chioramphenicol treatment slightly depressed the weight of bursa of Fabricius and thymus. Cyclophosphamide treatment of birds in early life resulted in bursal atrophy and slight depression of splenic weight.
As compared to Cyclophosphamide treated and non-rnedicated control birds, the sera of NDV vaccinated birds fed Amprolium had higher antibody titres on day 42. The sera of chioramphenicol treated NDV vaccinated birds had lower antibody titres as compared to non-medicated control birds on day 42. The post-challenge sera of NDV vaccinated birds fed Amprolium also had higher antibody titre as compared to NDV vaccinated cyclophosphamide and chioramphenicol treated birds. The NDV vaccinated chioramphenicol treated and NDV vaccinated cyclophosphamide treated had high post NDV challenge mortality and the NDV vaccinated birds on amproliurn medicated rations and those on non-medicated rations did not have any significant post NDV challenge mortality.
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348.
Induction Of Oestrus In Non Cycling Nili Ravi Buffalo Heifers
by Hafeez Khan, A | Dr. Kazim Raza Chohan | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Twenty one non-cycling Nili-Ravi buffalo hcifers with mean (± S.E) age of 31.71 ± 1.32 months and body weight of 417.61 ± 11.26 Kg were randomly divided into three equal groups. Animals in group A were injected 700 IU PMSG intramuscularly. Whereas, animals in group B (n=7) were treated with 1400 IU of PMSG. Animals in group C (n7) were administered 2 CC normal saline, which served as controls. Animals in oestrus were naturally bred with progeny tested bulls. Blood samples were collected before treatment, at oestrus and 10 days after oestrus for plasma progesterone estimation. Rectal palpations were done before treatment, at oestrus, 10 days after oestrus for ovarian structures and on day 60 post breeding for pregnancy diagnosis.
All the buffalo heifers in group A and B exhibited oestrus following treatment with 700 and 1400 IU of PMSG. Three animals from group C (42.85%) showed oestrus. The time from treatment to the onset of oestrus differed non significantly and was 6.14 ± 0.56, 6.00 ± 0.45 and 6.66 ± 0.47 days for groups A, B and C, respectively. No difference was observed towards expression of oestrus symptoms with varying doses of PMSG. The behavioural symptoms and physical changes i.e. frequent urination, acceptance to male, vulvalar sniffing of other females or allowing others to sniff, mucus discharge, vulvalar swelling and uterine tone were found indicative of oestrus in experimental heifers. The duration of oestrus also differed non significantly among the groups. This duration was 22.00 ± 2.01; 27.71 ± 1 .67 and 19.66 ± 0.98 hours for groups A, B and C, respectively.
Three animals from group A (n=7) conceived at induced oestrus. Whereas, no heifer from group B setteled at induced oestrus. Four animals showed next oestrus and two of them conceived. Three animals from group C exhibited oestrus and one of them conceived, rest of the animals remained non cyclic. The overall conception rates were 42.85, 28.57 and 14.28 percent for groups A, B and C, respectively.
Progesterone levels were found representative of ovarian activity in all the groups. Basal levels (> 0.5 ng/ml) of plasma progesterone were observed with smooth ovaries. Higher values for plasma progesterone ranging between 0.95 ± 0.02 to 5.68 ± 0.22 ng/ml were observed in cycling and pregnant animals reprsenting functional corpus lutuem.
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349.
Comparison Of Two Methods Of Estrus Synchronization In Sahiwal Cows
by Dawar Hameed Mughal | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Dr. Kazim Raza Chohan | Prof. Dr | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: A total of 24 Sahiwal cows were selected for this study and randomly divided into two groups viz A and
B. Group A cows were injected two injections of prostaglandin F2 intramuscularly without palpation 11 days apart, while the other group involved the veterinarian skill for detection of palpable corpus luteum and only single injection of prostaglandin was given in all the cows. The cows were artificially inseminated on the basis of standing heat 12 hours after the detection of heat. Estrus detection was made by teasing, behavioural symptoms, physical changes and rectal palpation. 91.66% and 83.33% cows from A and B groups respectively responded to the treatment. This response was slightly greater in cows of group A than group B. Interval to the onset of estrus after treatment was found non-significant (P>O.05) in both group cows. The length of estrus in group A was 21.54±1.65 hours whereas it was 19±0.88 hours in group
B. The difference in the length of estrus among the two groups was statistically non-significant (P>0.05). The conception rate of both groups was found to be 54.54% and 50% respectively, which was slightly higher than the second group. The mucus characteristics of both the groups were noted and 81.81% and 70% cows were found having typical fern like pattern and discharged clear (Transparent) mucus. No one cow having atypical fern pattern and cloudy discharge of mucus conceived. The behavioural signs and the physical changes were recorded. There was little difference in behavioural symptoms and physical changes among the groups. In group B the behavioural symptoms and physical changes were slightly more pronounced as compared to group A. The cost per animal for group A and B was 303 rupees and 276.50 rupees, economically group B technique seems to be profitable to the farmers, and by adopting this technique one can save money.
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350.
A Study On Gastro Intestinal Nematodes Of Camels Slaughtered At Metropolitan Corporation Abattoir Lahore With Taxonomy Of The Isolated Species
by Abbas Ali, Syed | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present study was carried out to determine the incidence of gastro-intestinal nematodes of camels, with the taxonomy of the isolated species. Sixty guts were examined rendomly at the rate of 15 guts per month from August to November, 1993. The adult parasites were collected, fixed and preserved. The whole mounts were prepared. The faecal samples were examined and the EPG was estimated using McMaster egg counting technique. The taxonomy of the isolated species was determined by examing the whole mounts, according to the morphological characters given in the keys. The five species of nematodes representing different genera were isloated and identifed as Haenionchus ion gistipes, Izlaemonchus contortus, C'ainelostrongy!us mentulatus, Neniatodirus spathiger and Trichuris giobulosa.
The overall incidence recorded from camels during the present study was 65 percent. The morphological characters were studied by preparing permanent mounts and were described.
The findings of the present study will help in planning programme for the control of parasitic disease, especially caused by the above mentioned species of nematodes of camels in Pakistan, which will contribute to the development of animal industry by providing much effective coverage for the devastating effects of the parasites and will ultimately enchance the production of milk, meat and hides.
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