2.
Assessment Of Nutritional Supplements Intake Among Females Excercising In Various Gyms Of Lahore
by Sana Azher (2015-VA-808) | Haroon Jamshid Qazi | Dr.SanauallahIqbal | Dr. Sajid khan Tahir.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Diet, exercise, body composition, and weight management play important role in an active person's life and performance. People without having knowledge about the importance of balance diet and their needs use nutritional supplements to improve their health status. Lack of knowledge regarding the importance of balanced diet, have negative impact on food choices, which is also the main reason of increasing trend of consuming nutritional supplements all over the world in all age groups.
Results of the current study showed that most individuals who used supplements were young, unhealthy, rated their eating habits as bad or average, exercised regularly three to five times a week for 1 to 2 hours daily, and had the main goal of weight management, improved performance and avoiding a sedentary lifestyle. The use of supplement may be highly associated with people who have poor or average food intake or in those individuals who mostly skip their meal on regular basis. In gyms and fitness clubs female’s participants, with higher percentage 46% were consuming supplements. Subjects included in this study, use supplements with many reasons such as for weight gain or loss, strengthen muscle mass, improving physical appearance, recover nutritional deficiencies, or to reduce stress etc. Half of the user consumes supplements from 1-3months, only 14% consume over 1 year. Most of them were consuming supplements in tablets and gel capsule form, and obtained desired response with their use. Most of the subjects were consuming different type of supplements without having knowledge, regarding its use, dosage and safety. Also, (24%) individual said that the use of supplements caused no side effects. However, 43% reported some problems such as dizziness, nausea, or some impact on the skin problems.
Purchasing or availability of these products are done through various sources i.e. Internet, pharmacy, coaches, gym instructors, magazines, peer influence. It is also evaluated that in many gyms and fitness centers of Lahore city, there is no availability of any professional guider or instructor. Significant number of participants 32.8% did not know about the qualification of their gym instructor. Most of gyms have coaches, instructor, trainers, professional guiders have their education at matric or graduates level, only 4 % have nutritionist. However, gyms included in this study, may need to have qualified health professionals such as nutritionists, dietitian, qualified instructor, or physician which have all knowledge related to supplement quality, quantity, safety and its use, also provide accurate information about supplements and assist members to be aware of both positive as well as adverse health effects of dietary supplements.
In order to provide more comprehensive nutrition services to exercisers here are some recommendations:
1. Provision of healthy well balanced diet and considering needs of nutrients will be encouraged.
2. Further studies should be conducted in neighboring areas of Lahore and other cities of Pakistan as well as to assess intake of supplements among male exercisers and general population as well.
3. Supplements intake among gym participants according to one’s need should be administered with the help of dietitian and other allied health professionals.
4. There is a need of nutrition education and public health knowledge among general population.
5. Policy should develop in cooperation with multidiscipline, doctors, dietitians, and experts.
6. Non-Governmental organization (NGOs) and Governmental must contribute in establishing a research and consensus regarding safe intake of nutritional supplements.
7. At gym there should be availability of professional guider, instructor or coaches should be provided for exercisers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2885-T] (1).
3.
Physico-Chemical Analysis Of Milk From Different Milch Species (Cow, Buffalo, Camel)
by Tahira Jamil (2015-VA-595) | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Haroon Jamshid Qazi | Dr. Muhammad Tayyab | Muhammad Asif Ali.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: SUMMARY
Milk is described as almost a complete food as it contains all the essential nutrients in balanced quantity. Milk is a complete basis of proteins, fats and dietary energy and there are several factors that can effect the composition of milk. Factors such as (seasonal changes, feed, environmental changes, lactation, milking durations) and variations in analytical methods such as (evaluating proteins, fats, total solids, ash and moisture) can also lead to differences in results. According to FAO STAT 2010, despite the fact that Pakistan ranked among top five milk producing countries in the world, no study has been made so far that is composed of complete data based on physico-chemical analysis of milk composition of various species with respect to seasonal changes.
Milk samples were collected from three different species from UVAS Pattoki Campus i.e. cow, buffalo and camel in morning and evening time. The samples were then sent to UVAS Lahore Campus. These samples were analyzed to obtain different compositional parameters of milk which includes LR, fat, protein, SNF, TS, Ash, Moisture, pH, COB and APT. In the present study, the results showed that the LR, fat, SNF, TS, Proteins, ash, moisture and pH showed no signifgicant differences when studied between the groups by independent sample t test. All results were statistically non-significant i-e p>0.05. Whereas when results of each sample were studied individually throughout the year by descriptive statistic, it was found that samples of cow, buffalo and showed high content of fats, SNF, TS and protein during the summer season and lower in winter season. Other parmeters like ash, moisture, pH also had significant change throughout the year. The monthly results were found to be statistical significant at p<0.05. COB and APT were analyzed as soon the samples arrived the laboratory. So no clotting or precipitations were observed in the sample and gave the negative results throughout the year.
Thestudy was helpful in generating yearly data that was used in comparing the physico-chemical variations in morning and evening samples of milk among different milk producing species (cow, buffalo, camel) on the basis of seasonal changes.
Conclusion:
The directive of the current research was to analyze the physico-chemical parameters from the morning and evening samples of milk of three milk producing species (cow, buffalo, acmel). It was concluded from the results that no significant differences were found within groups of each sample. Whereas when the analysis were conducted on monthly basis throughout the year, it was determined that fat content of the samples of cow, buffalo and camel was high during the summer season. There are several reasons for this such as lactation, feed composition, milking timings, seasonal variations. SNF, TS and protein contents were directly related to fat. It was possible to state that when the fat of milk was higher the solid not fat, total solids and protein contents were also higher. However the other contents of milk such as ash, moisture, pH, COB and APT were not significantly affected by these factors.
Limitations:
Diet is also an important factor that could affect the composition of milk. This factor can also be researched along with seasonal changes.
Different geographical regions affect the milk composition of animals. This is also another factor of interest.
Physiochemical changes of sheep, goat and humans can also be analyzed on the basis of seasonal changes.
Milk is described as almost a complete food as it contains all the essential nutrients in balanced quantity. Milk is a complete basis of proteins, fats and dietary energy and there are several factors that can effect the composition of milk. Factors such as (seasonal changes, feed, environmental changes, lactation, milking durations) and variations in analytical methods such as (evaluating proteins, fats, total solids, ash and moisture) can also lead to differences in results. According to FAO STAT 2010, despite the fact that Pakistan ranked among top five milk producing countries in the world, no study has been made so far that is composed of complete data based on physico-chemical analysis of milk composition of various species with respect to seasonal changes.
Milk samples were collected from three different species from UVAS Pattoki Campus i.e. cow, buffalo and camel in morning and evening time. The samples were then sent to UVAS Lahore Campus. These samples were analyzed to obtain different compositional parameters of milk which includes LR, fat, protein, SNF, TS, Ash, Moisture, pH, COB and APT. In the present study, the results showed that the LR, fat, SNF, TS, Proteins, ash, moisture and pH showed no signifgicant differences when studied between the groups by independent sample t test. All results were statistically non-significant i-e p>0.05. Whereas when results of each sample were studied individually throughout the year by descriptive statistic, it was found that samples of cow, buffalo and showed high content of fats, SNF, TS and protein during the summer season and lower in winter season. Other parmeters like ash, moisture, pH also had significant change throughout the year. The monthly results were found to be statistical significant at p<0.05. COB and APT were analyzed as soon the samples arrived the laboratory. So no clotting or precipitations were observed in the sample and gave the negative results throughout the year.
Thestudy was helpful in generating yearly data that was used in comparing the physico-chemical variations in morning and evening samples of milk among different milk producing species (cow, buffalo, camel) on the basis of seasonal changes.
Conclusion:
The directive of the current research was to analyze the physico-chemical parameters from the morning and evening samples of milk of three milk producing species (cow, buffalo, acmel). It was concluded from the results that no significant differences were found within groups of each sample. Whereas when the analysis were conducted on monthly basis throughout the year, it was determined that fat content of the samples of cow, buffalo and camel was high during the summer season. There are several reasons for this such as lactation, feed composition, milking timings, seasonal variations. SNF, TS and protein contents were directly related to fat. It was possible to state that when the fat of milk was higher the solid not fat, total solids and protein contents were also higher. However the other contents of milk such as ash, moisture, pH, COB and APT were not significantly affected by these factors.
Limitations:
Diet is also an important factor that could affect the composition of milk. This factor can also be researched along with seasonal changes.
Different geographical regions affect the milk composition of animals. This is also another factor of interest.
Physiochemical changes of sheep, goat and humans can also be analyzed on the basis of seasonal changes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2884-T] (1).
4.
Assessment Of Dietary, Food Concept And Lifestyle Practices Among Adults With Diabetes Mellitus
by Hina IQbal (2015-VA-831) | Dr. Azmat Ullah Khan | Mr. Haroon Jamshid Qazi | Dr. Sajid khan Tahir.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Diabetes mellitus is among the top five global risks for mortality and comorbidity that could have long term impact on quality of life. However, the knowledge, practices, assessment of dietary patterns, food concepts, and healthy lifestyles in many diabetic patients has been inadequate. Many countries are trying to evaluate the factors that are understood best among the general population for a diabetic patientand the concern of the diabetic patients itself. Thus, there is need to arrangelarge-scale awareness programs for general public and use media to spread the message which could change the attitude of our public in the future. It was a cross-sectional study based on dietary lifestyle practices and food concepts among adults with diabetes mellitus. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire amongst 3400 type-2 diabetic patients from different government hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. The methods of data collection comprised of personal interview from the patients and a standardized, semi structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtained information on the socio-demographic individuality of the study participants, dietary patterns, lifestyle practices and prevalence of different food concepts among people with diabetes. Appropriate statistical test and description was used for presentation of results. It was found that gender, education, profession strongly contribute in the dietary pattern, life style and knowledge about the diabetes. Hence these factors should give more importance if we want to improve the quality of life of population by removing the threat of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, it was noted that many people are not aware of the practice to be followed in the diet when they come to care about the diabetic personnel. The prevalence of poor dietary practice was observed in more than fifty percent of the patients; it is therefore a major public health problem. More important factors that can determine the improvement in the patients was their dietary pattern. It was noted that food concepts were not clear among the respondents for the diabetes. The most important factors were female gender, low education and profession. Not getting diabetic nutrition education at hospitals, being despondency, difficulty of choosing relevant foods for their specific health problems, non-availability of fruits and vegetables, and thinking about the high cost of foods were important factors affecting dietary practices of type 2 diabetic patients. Finally, we would like to recommend to the health practitioners to give more attention to diabetic patients. Nutrition education programs in hospitals along with these different campaigns should be run as per the profession and education of the audience. It was also found that duration of the diabetes did not contributed on the knowledge about the food concepts and diabetes awareness. Hence, this factor is not important that how long the patients has been suffering from the diabetes mellitus. It is recommended based on finding to increase education by sensitizing the nutritionist and to educate the people of all professions. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2917-T] (1).
