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1. Determination Of Metabolizable Energy And Dry Matter Digestibility Of Indigenous Feed Staffs Used In Poultry Rations

by Rana Mudassar Riaz | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr. Farina M | Mr. Muhammad Kamran.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: The project was conducted to determine the AME, TME and dry matter digestibility. Five feedstuffs were used for this purpose. Thirty 16- week-old cockerels were used in such a way that five birds were force fed 30g of each feedstuff. Five birds were kept fasted to serve as negative control for determination of metabolic feacal and urinary endogenous excretions. The prefeeding fasting period was 21 hr and excreta were collected over a period of 24 hr. Proximate analysis for moisture, crude protein, ash, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract was carried out. The gross energy of the ingredients and the excreta was measured by using adiabatic bomb calorimeter and AME and TME were worked out. The observed AME values for maize, rice tips, wheat, sorghum and millet were 3612.74, 3661.62, 3296.85, 3514.92 and 3278.46 Kcal/kg respectively. Rice tips have the highest value and on the other hand millet has the lowest value. The observed TME values for maize, rice tips, wheat, sorghum and millet were 4059.6, 4095.36, 3738.58, 3965.71 and 3730.62 Kcal/kg respectively. Rice tips have the highest value followed by maize, sorghum, wheat and millet has the lowest value. Endogenous energy ranged from 11.53 14 to 12.7099 Kcal with the average of 12.02 KcaI. Dry matter digestibility was highest for rice tips (77.4 1%) followed by maize (75.64%), sorghum (72.13%), millet (71.88%) and lowest value for wheat (67.26%) due to relatively high content of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin etc. Rice tips have better digestibility so it should be included at higher percentage in poultry feed. It was also found that crude fiber has indirect relationship with both AME and TME. While ether extract has direct relationship with gross energy. While for the comparison with the NRC values it was found that for both AME and TME except wheat, other ingredients have lesser values than reported in NRC and statistically it was found that there was non-significant relationship between the observed and standard mean values. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0854,T] (1).

2. Determination Of Apparent Metabolizable Energy Of Indigenous Vegetable Protein Sources In Poultry

by Hammad Ali | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr. Muhammad | Mr. Muhammad Kamran.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: An experiment was conducted to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and true metabolizable energy (TME) of indigenous vegetable protein sources in cockerels by force feeding method. Six indigenous vegetable protein sources viz. soybean meal, canola meal, rapeseed meal, guar meal, sunflower meal and linseed meal were used. Thirty five 18 weeks old broiler breeder cockerels were used in such a way that five birds were force fed 25 gm of each feedstuff for estimation of AME and TME. Five birds were kept fasted to serve as negative control for determination of metabolic faecal and urinary endogenous energy excretions. The pre-feeding fasting period was 24 hours and excreta was collected over a period of 24 hours. The gross energy of test ingredients and the excreta was measured by using adiabatic oxygen bomb calorimeter. Proximate analysis for moisture, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, ash and nitrogen free extract were carried out. All had almost similar dry matter and ether extract values. Sunflower meal and canola meal had less CP% because of presence of sulphur containing amino acids. The observed AME values for soybean meal, canola meal, rapeseed meal, guar meal, sunflower meal and linseed meal were 2556, 1920, 1887, 1847, 1629 and 2061 Kcal/Kg, respectively. Soybean meal had the highest value 2556 Kcal/Kg and sunflower meal had the lowest value 1629 Kcal/Kg. The observed TME values for soybean meal, canola meal, rapeseed meal, guar meal, sunflower meal and linseed meal were 2694, 2053, 2022, 1992, 1764 and 2198 Kcal/Kg, respectively. Soybean meal had the highest value 2694 Kcal/Kg and sunflower meal had the lowest value 1764 Kcal/Kg. Endogenous energy ranged from 2.93 Kcal/gm to 2.95 Kcal/gm with the average of 2.94 Kcal/gm. It was also found that crude fiber has indirect relationship with both AME and TME. While, it has also come to notice that ether extract has direct relationship with gross energy of the feedstuff. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0936,T] (1).

3. Immunobiological And Molecular Characterization Of Pasteurella Multocida From Buffaloes

by Muhammad Kamran | Prof. Dr. Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad | Dr. Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Prof. Dr. Azhar.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: drama Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Hemorrhagic septicemia is an acute bacterial disease of buffaloes and cattle caused by Pasteurella multocida. In the present study, 400 samples (200 from carriers and 200 from sick animals) from Sargodha division were collected. Among four districts of the division, 15 samples were positive by API Kit, 13 by conventional biochemical tests and eleven were found positive for P. multocida through serological and molecular characterization. Biochemical profile index obtained with API kits had lesser accuracy than conventional and serological profiles for the identification of P. multocida. Passive mouse protection test and AGPT were used for serological confirmation. Different molecular techniques like SDS-PAGE, PCR and RFLP were used to investigate variation at the molecular level in field and vaccinal strains. There were no significant variation between field isolates and vaccinal strain in sick animals and carriers, or in isolates of different districts. Five major and three minor polypeptide bands were observed by SDS-PAGE. Genetic relatedness among the isolates was assessed by cluster analysis using Fingerprint Analysis of Missing Data (FAMD) of 12 isolates. The12 isolates clustered into 5 groups namely I, II, III, IV and V. Group I and II consisted of only one isolate in each (8.33%) of the total designated BKC-01 (S5) and KBO-01 (S1), respectively. Group III composed of 2 isolates (16.67%) namely KBC-02 (S4) and MNO-01 (S2). Group IV had the highest numbers of isolates (50%) designated as KBC-02 (S3), MNO-01 (S6), BKO-02 (S7), MNC-02 (S8), SGO-02 (S9) and V. Only two isolates were typed in group V (16.67%) named as SGO-01 (S10) and BKO-01 (S11). The size of amplified gene was 460 bp. HindIII I endonuclease cleaved bacterial genome at four sites as compared to other four enzymes (DNase1, PstlI, EcorI and BamHI) change the writing of these enzymes which cleaved at two sites. The isolates were also subjected to ten routinely used antibiotics for sensitivity testing and found enrofloxacin as drug of choice with 90.91% sensitivity, followed by gentamycine, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacine and norfloxacine (72.73%), ampicillin and amoxycillin (45.45%), amikacin (36.36%) and lowest to sulfadiazine and erythromycine (18.18%). Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1767,T] (1).



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