101.
Studies On The Isolation And Serotyping Of Salmonellae From Faecal Material Of Sheep And Goats From Different Markets
by Imtiaz Ahmad, Bhuttar | Ata - Ur - Rehman Rizvi | Mubasher | Muhammed Narrm | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0166,T] (1).
102.
Sero-Epidemiological Survey Of Bovine Viral Diarrhea In Lahore Using Agar Gel Diffusion Technique, With An Attempt On Isolation of Virus
by Fahim Ahmad, Bhatti | Ata Ur -Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Muhammed Amin Sheikh | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: The seroloical study was carried out on one thousand serum samples collected randomly from abbatoirs at Lahore city. Of these serum samples 645 were from buffaloes while 55 were of cattle origin. This study was undertaken to study- the seroepidemiology off bovine viral diarrhea in and around Lahore city. Agar gel precipitation test was used for detecting antibodies in the Sera of animals. The primary bovine kidney cell cultures were used for culturing the bovine viral diarrhea virus and the antigen for immuno-diffusion tests was prepared from the infected cells.
An overall incidence of 8.6% was revealed by the agar-gel immuno-diffusion tests. The tests showed 914% buffaloes as having antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea, while '76% of the cattle showed positive results.
The influence of various epidemiologi- cal factors was proven. Higher prevalence rate was observed in the buffaloes as compared to the cattle. The age group of the animals was also found to be one of the factors affecting the distribution of bovine viral diarrhea antibodies, as maximum number of reactors were detected in the 10 years and above age group through agar-gel precipitation tests. Attempts were made on the isolation of virus on primary bovine kidney cell cultures, but were not successful.
The results of the study revealed few animals having precipitating antibodies in their sera. It shows that the disease is not widespread amongst the animals in our area; bit 8till calls for an emergent response from
experts and relevant agencies for mass scale surveys to get a better understanding of the disease and its epidemiology.
Bovine viral diarrhea - Mucosal disease complex has a great economic impact on the livestock industry in general and on the dairy and breeding programmes in particular. As Pakistan is a developing country and the economy relies heavily on the agriculture and livestock resources, therefore, control measures should be adopted without delay to have a proper check on this malady before it spreads to an un-controlable extent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0167,T] (1).
103.
A Comparative Study Of Brucellosis In Livestock And Human Beings
by Amra Akram | Muhammed Ajmal | Ata- Ur -Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Seroprevalence of brucellosis in 541 cattle, 708 sheep, 780 goats and 63 human beings of one farm and 189 cattle, 125 buffaloes, 68 goats and 51 human beings of the other farm was studied. The various serologic tests used for this investigation included the slide agglutination test for initial screening, and the standard tube agglutination test (SAT) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIS1) for further processing of the sera i.e. quantitation of Brucella antibodies. The higher prevalence of the disease was observed in cattle than buffaloes while goats outnumbered sheep in this respect. The prevalence of the disease in human beings was found to be related positively with the prevalence of the disease in animals.
The overall prevalence of the disease in sheep of one farm was found to be 35(4.947.), 27(3.817.) and 29(4.097.), respectively, by the slide agglutination, standard tube agglutination test (SPIT) and ELISA. Goats of one farm displayed a prevalence of 202(25.897.), 173(22.187.) and 183(23.467.) and that of the other, 3(4.417.), 2(2.947.) and 2(2.947.), respectively, by the slide agglutination, SPT and ELISA. This remarkable difference in the incidence of the disease in two farms may be attributed to the difference of
sample size.
A prevalence of 127(23.48%), 87 (16.08%) and 91(16.82%) was recorded in cattle of one farm while 30(15.877.), 19(10.057.) and 20(10.587.) cattle of the other proved positive respectively to the slide agglutination, SpiT and ELIS. In buffaloes, a prevalence of 17(13.67.) and 11(8.87.) and 11(8.97.) was noted by the slide agglutination, ST and ELISA tests, respectively. While interpreting the age-group relationship of the disease, it was found that adult and old animals had a higher prevalence than the young animals. Owing to the small number of male serum samples, the sex- based analysis of the disease could not have been adequately discussed
The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was found to be a sensitive approach in detecting anti-Brucella antibodies than the slide agglutination and standard tube agglutination tests. The ELISA titres were, on average, about 8 times higher than the corresponding SAT titres
The results of this study have revealed an alarming prevalence of brucellosis in animals of farms which calls for an emergent response of experts for reappraisal and reassessment of the present brucellosis control situation, especially when the disease is an important zoonosis and a potential threat to the human health.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0168,T] (1).
104.
Isolation And Identification Of Clostridium Tetani From Oil And Dust Samples, From Various Sources In Lahore, and Study of Their Pathogenicity
by Neelam Muizzuddin | Mukhtar Ahmed Chaudry | Muhammed Naeem | Tufail | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1982Dissertation note: Tetanus is a sporadic disease caused by infection with Clostridiurn tetani, a rod shaped anaerobic organism which has been frequently isolated from soil and the faeces of man and animals especially horses.
Two hundred soil and dust samples from different areas of Lahore were studies for the occurance of Clostridiurn tetani. Out of these 28 (13%) were positive for the presence of Clostridium tetani. Of these 26 positive samples, 4 out of 50 (8%) were from roads and areas not frequently used by horses: 9 out of 50 (18%) from roads frequently used by horses; 6 out of 50 (12%) from horse stables and 14% positive from the Veterinary Hospital. The results were significant.
The samples were cultured on five different media namely cooked meat medium, nutrient broth, thioglycollate broth,nutrient agar and blood agar. A comparison of the growth media showed a highly significant result.
Study of pathogenicity indicated a total number of 17 pathogenic samples out of the 26 samples positive, for Clostridium tetani. LD titre indicated the highest frequency (35.3%) between range of io425 and 10475number of organisms per ml. of medium.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0169,T] (1).
105.
Studies On The Isolation And Serotyping Of Salmonellae From Mesenteric Lymph Nodes And Faecal Samples Of Camels From Lahore Abattoir Lahore Abattoir
by Javaid Masood | Muhammed Naeem | Ata - Ur - Rehman Rizvi | Manzoor | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: The study was undertaken to detrmine the Salmonellae carrier state in camel, in an attempt to understand the epidemiologica] role played by this animal in transmission of Salmonellosis to other animals and man
The faecal and mesenteric lymph gland samples were collected from 100 apparently healthy camel a slaughtered at Lahore abattoir. Each sample was enriched in selenite troth arid isolates passed through a series of differential and selective media for an effective primary isolation and purification of Saimonellae.
The identification of isolates was carried out on the basis of their morphology, biochemical characteristics and serology. The serology was carried out using standard polyvalent "0", and "H" group arid type specific antisera by rapid spot agglutination test.
The Salinonellae were isolated from isolated from any faecal samples, giving an isolation percentage of 2.0 in this species.
On the basis of biochemical studies and serology it was observed that both the isolated strains of Salmonella belonged to Salmonella typhimrium.
The camel was found to be carrier of Salmonella typhimurium and could act as a source of infection for animals and man. Further work on large scale is recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0171,T] (1).
106.
Prevalence Of G.Ilt. Namatodes In P:Heasants At Lahore Zoo/Jallo Wildlife Park & Its Chemotherapy With Oxfendazole (Oxafax) & Febental [Rintal]
by Makhdoom Najaf, Muftee | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: This experiment was conducted to find out that efficacy of various anthelmintics in birds (Pheasants) for the treatment of Ascaridia, Heteraki and Trichostrungylus.
Thirty six pheasants naturally infected were selected for study. They were divided into 3 groups that in A, B & C. The anthelmintics used were Rintal and Oxafax. They were given to Group A, B respectively. Group C was considered as control to know the increase in the number of eggs per gm. of feces during the experimental period, showing the increase as 2375 and 2908 and 8.34% and 32.66% on third and seventh day of experiment.
Fecal samples were obtained from pheasants owing to Punjab Wildlife Department, i.e. Lahore Zoo and Jallo Wildlife Park, Lahore brought to Medicine Lab., College of Veterinary Sciences Lahore of -rye samples were done:
a. Before the administration of drugs.
b. After 3rd day of treatment.
c. After 7th day of treatment by using MC. Master technique.
As regards the efficacy of the drugs, the Rintal was found highly effective and reduced 90.58 eggs per grams of feces, Oxafax reduced 82.42%.
In addition to effectiveness, Rintal was also the cheapest, anthelinintic out of two. So Rintal was recommended for field use. It was observed thak incidence of infection (Ascaridia, Heterakis) in Lahore Zoo was 25% and incidence of infection in Jallo Wildlife Park was 23% overall incidence was 24%. In Lahore Zoo the prevalence was 60.11% for Ascaridia and for 1-leterakis 38.88% whereas in Jallo Wildlife Park, Lahore it was 65.21% for Ascaridia and for Heterakis 34.78% respectively.
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107.
Immune Response In Chicks Administered Mukteswar And Lasota Strain Newcastle Disease Vaccines Through Different Routes (Intraocular, Drinking Water, Subcutanequsly And Intramuscularly)
by Raza-ul-Haq | Muham,med Akram Muneer | Ata Ur | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: This study was under-taken to compare the immune response of 6 weeks old chickens which were administered Mukteswar and LaSota Strain NDV Vaccines through different routes (intraocular, drinking water, subcutaneous or intramuscular).
Birds in groups E and G which were subcutaneously and intramuscularly vaccinated with the Mukteswar strain of ND Vaccine had GMT of 181. and 315 respectively. All the vaccinates resisted virulent NDV challenge and did not show any clinical signs or untoward reaction following challenge. The groups F & H which were vaccinated subcutaneously and intramuscularly with LaSota Strain of ND Vaccine had GMT of 74 and 91, respectively. All the vaccinates of groups F and H resisted challenge. Groups A and B were administered Mukteswar and LaSota Strain of ND Vaccine intraocularly. Their GMT was 84 and 45,. respectively. LaSota Strain Vaccine conferred 80% protection while the Mukteswar Strain Vaccine afforded 92% protection.
Groups C and D were administered Mukteswar and LaSota Strain ND Vaccines through drinking water. Their GMT on 21 days postvaccination was 74 and 6.9 respectively. The postchallenge protection rate of Mukteswar and LaSota Strain vaccines was 72 percent and 68 percent, respectively.
This study indicates that the Mukteswar strain induces higher HI titre and protection percentage than the LaSota Strain irrespective of the route of administration.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0173,T] (1).
108.
Bacteriological Studies On Water Ponds In And Around Lyallpur
by Ashraf, M | Muhammed Ajmal | Manzoor -Ud -Din Ahmed | R.A.Cheema.
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Publisher: 1973Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0174,T] (1).
109.
Study On The Immunomodulatory Effects Of Aflatoxins On The Development Of Immunity Against Fowl Cholera Vaccine In Layer Chicks
by Hamid Jalal Mian | Muhammed Ajmal | Mubasher | S. Ata - Ur -Rehman | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: The irmmunomodulatory effects of aflatoxin on the development or acquired immunity n Layers against fo-wi cholera vaccine were studled A group of 72day old Hybred layer chicks was raised on alfatoxin free feed for 6-weeks, when the experiment was started. On 42nd day of age, the birds were divided into six groups, T1, T2, T3, T4 K1, and K2
With birds in each group. A dose of 2.1 ug/g of feed was added in the ration of all the groups i.e. T1, T2, T3, except T4, which was injected i/c with single LD50) dose of aflatoxin, while K1 and K 2 were kept as vaccine no-toxin and non-toxin - non-vaccine control respectively. Group T1 was fed, toxin continuously for 42 days i.e. 42 nd of age to 84th day of age while T2 and T3 were fed toxin for 21 days, before and after vaccination i.e. 42nd to 63rd dayand 63rd to 84th day respectively. All the groups except K2 were vaccinated on 63rd day.
The antibody titres were measured, using two serological techniques i.e. indirect haemagglutination test and enzyme linked immunosorbant assay.
The results have shown that in group T1 the antibody titires of the birds could not develop to a sufficient level as compared with the vaccine control (K1) group. While in group T2 , the antibody titres rose to a sufficient level in about 14 days post-vaccination (which persisted almost on the same level till 84th day) and were quite comparable with group K but significantly higher than group T. Birds in group T3, showed a temporary increase in antibody titres which sharply decline to a very low level in about 2 weeks post-vaccination and registered a fall after the challenge. In group T4, the birds did not show any immunosuppressive reaction. The titres obtained on 70th, 77th and 84th day of age were comparable with group K1, while significantly higher from the groups T1, T3, and K2.
On the 84th day of age, all the groups were challenged with virulent strain of P.multocida Robert type-IT, which killed 11 out of twelve birds in group K2, one out of 12 in group T and 3 out of 12 in group T4, showing typical lesions of fowl cholera, while the rest 'of the birds of all groups survived one week post challenge, when the experiment was termina- ted by slaughtering the survivors. Their titres were measured and a significant decrease in titres of all the groups was recorded.
The results showed that, when aflatoxin was given continuously before and after vaccination and even if only after vaccination for a certain period of time, could greatly depress the antibody formation, but did not reduce the protective effect of vaccine on birds who despite very low titres of antibodies survived the challenge with virulent P. multocida.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0175,T] (1).
110.
Studies On Pseudomonas As A Pathogen In Poultry Industry
by Iqbal Siddiqui, M | Muhammed Yousaf Vaid | Altaf Hussain Sheikh | S.M.S Jaffery | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1978Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0176,T] (1).
111.
A Study On The Incidence Of Salmonellosis In Poultry In And Around Lahore
by Zubair Anjum | Muhammed Akram muneer | Muhammed Naeem | Tufail | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1983Dissertation note: Poultry has emerged ss an imtrnrtant industry in Pakistan in recent years. The Salmonellosis in poultry has become major hinderence in the development of this industry. The imnortsnt oathoens are Salmonella gallinarum and SalmoneHa nuilorurn which mainly effct noultry.
Snot agglutintion whole-blood ranid test was conducted on 1000 birds from breeding stocks at noultrv farms and noul try cliñiôs. 17q (17.9°) reacted oositively and 100 oositive birds were selected and slaughtered and internal organs such as liver, soleen ovary and ilium were collected and their morbid material was cultured on selenite broth for 18-24 hours and then on Salmonel1a- Shigella agar for 24-48 hours at 37°C. Nutrient and MacrConkey agars were used to obtain oure colonies. Salmonella isolations were successful from 54 (54%) cases out of 100. Salmonella gallinarum from i15 (45%) cases and Salmonella pullorum from 9 (9%). The incidence due to S.gallinarum (83.33%) was higher to S.pullorum (16.67%). Different biochemical and serological tests were conducted Serologically 'D' group was confirmed.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0178,T] (1).
112.
Post-Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Vaccination Serum Antibody Titre Profile In Buffalo Calves
by Shafeeq Baig, M | Muhammed Amin Sheikh | Muhammed Ajmal | Zafar Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: A total of 60 buffalo calves, 30 from Military Farm Lahore Cantt and 30 from Livestock Experiment Station Rakh Dera Chahi Lahore were examined for post-haemorrhagic septi- cania vaccination serum antibody titre profile. The animals maintained at Livestock Experiment Station Rakh Dera Chahi were divided into group A (Age-20 months) vaccinated second time and group B (Age 3-7 months), vaccinated for the first time. The Military Farm animals were also vaccinated for the first time. The indirect haemagglutination (IRA) test and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were employed for determination of antibody titres. The animals were vaccinated with alum precipitated formaline killed bacterin. The serum was collected before and after 2,7,12,16,20 and 22 weeks of vaccination from animals of Military Farm. The serum of animals from Livestock Experiment Station Rakh Dera Chahi was collected after 10,12, 16, 20, & 24 weeks of vaccination.
On the basis of indirect haemagglutination test, the immune response was very poor upto 7th week postvaccination. The maximum GMT recorded being 1.751 for animals of Military Farm. An outbreak of the disease took place at this stage killing 4 animals with the consequent revaccination of animals; increasing the GMT upto 23.508 five weeks after revaccination. The Livestock Experiment Station Rakh Dera Chahl animals showed a variable immune response in group A and B animals with a better and quick response in the former as compared to the latter. The response remained unsteady upto 12th week postvaccination and thereafter registered an increase in titres, believed to be due to an antigenic stimulus either through a natural infection or revaccination of the animals.
The absorbence values of the sera obtained through ELISA gave the same immune response profile as detected by
IHA.
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113.
Diagnosis Of New Castle Disease By Fluorescent Antibody Technique
by Zahida Parveen | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Mubasher | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0180,T] (1).
114.
Comparative Study On Strain Characteristics Of Streptococcus Pyogenes Isolated From Human And Animal Sources
by Anwar ul Hassan | Ata ur Rizvi | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0181,T] (1).
115.
Isolation Of Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro Disease) Virus From Infected Birds Based Upon Lesions In Embryonated Eggs
by Khalid Iqbal | Muhammed Naeem | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: A number of 30 bursae of fabricius were collected from the birds suspected for Infectious Bursal Disease, brought to the Disease Diagnostic Section, Poultry Development Centre (P.R.I.), Rawalpindi and Animal Sciences Institute, National Agriculture Research Council, Islamabad. Each sample was processed and inoculated through allantoic sac route in five embryonated eggs of 9 to 11 days. Eggs showing embryo deaths between 48 hours post inoculatiom were discarded as it was non specific embryo mortality. Five embryonated eggs were kept as control. Five serial passages were done to check the embryo mortality pattern.
Out of 30 samples, nine samples showed a typical Infectious Bursal Disease embryo mortality pattern i.e. 100% mortality at first passage, 30 to 33% mortality at second passage and 0% in subsequent passages. Seven samples showed a positive reaction in Agar Gel Precipitation Test out of nine samples. The incidence of Infectious Bursal Disease was 3 .3% in and around Rawalpindi.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0183,T] (1).
116.
Studies On Duration Of Maternally Derived Antibodies Against Pasteurella Multocida In Buffalo Calves
by Fayyaz Mahmood | Muhammed Amin SHeikh | M.Sarwer Khan | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Haemorrhagic septicaemia, an imrortant bacterial disease of dairy animals (buffaloes and cattle), results due to infection of Pasteurella inultocida. Undoubtedly improved managemental practices and regular vaccination program has significantly contributed to lowering the incidence of the disease in our country, however, the pattern of the diseases has under gone changes and contrary to the past, presently the outbreaks are mostly experienced in young animals, especially, calves. The latter are invariably left unvaccinated thinking that they are safe by virtue of their passive immunity.
The present project was designed to have an idea regarding the actual period for which maternally derived antibodies were able to afford protection against any possible attack of the infection. The study was conducted on fifty pregnant, randomly selected buffaloes, maintained at livestock production and research institute Bahadarnagar Okara (LPRI).
The serum samples of the vaccinated mothers were collected a month before parturition. The serum samples of the calves were collected once before taking colostrum then at the interval of two weeks for the first four weeks. All subsequent sampling was done at an interval of four weeks. The processing of the samples for antibody titre was carried out through ELISA and haemagglutination tests.
The indirect haemgglutination and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay tests showed that the titres of maternally derived antibodies, received by taking colostrum, attained a peak during the first two weeks and gradually decreased in the following two weeks i,e up to the age of one month. At the age of 8 weeks calves were found with 0 titres.
Aanalysis of IHA revealed that the IHA titres of calves rose from 1.932 GMT to 6.824 GMT from birth to 2 weeks of age and gradually faded to 6.714 GMT after four weeks of age. calves were found with 0 titres at the age of 8 weeks.
The analysis of ELISA titres showed highest antibody titre (36.225 GMT) was in calf on 2nd week and then declined (32.633 BMT) gradually upto 4th week. At the age of 8th week calves were found with titres (4.366 GMT) almost negligible.
Buffalo dams (407.) were found with low titres when examined for their antibody level 30+10 days before parturition, despite the fact that they received vaccination according to the normal schedule of the farm.
Results of the study indicated that there was great need for improvement of vaccine and vaccine schedule i,e animals should be immunized thrice a year. Pregnant dams should be vaccinated late in gestation period so as to raise their antibody levels against the disease, ensuring a sound passive immunity of their off springs. Calves should also be regularly tested for their maternal antibodies and should be immediately vaccinated if passive protection is over. The funding of the present study necessitate the vaccination of calves at 2 months of their age.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0184,T] (1).
117.
Isolation And Serotyping Of Salmonella From Wild Animals And Birds At Lahore Zoo
by Iftikhar Ahmad, Malik | Muhammed Ajmal | Ata_Ur- Rehman | Mubasher | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: The occurrence of salmonellae in a variety of zoo animals including carnivores, primates, ruminants, avifauna, rodents etc was investigated.
The faeoal samples of 500 wild animals and birds examined yielded 9 strains of salmonella, giving an incidence of 1.8%. Of these '7 strains from pigeons and rabbits were confirmed as Salmonella ty-phimuriuni and 2 strains from pheasants were confirmed as Salmonella pullorum. The relative percentage of each species was found to be 1.4% and 0.4% respectively. Salmonella typhimurium have a vex wide host range including human being. It Is therefore recommended to adopt proper hygienic measures at Lahore Zoo. Further work on a much large scale is recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0187,T] (1).
118.
Role Of Doves, Parrots And Quails In The Epizootiology Of Newcastle Disease
by Rauf, A | Muhammed Naeem | Manzoor | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Three species of birds i.e. doves, parrots and quails, 100 from each species were studied to investigate their role in the epizootiology of Newcastle disease. The serum of each bird was examined for the presence of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus by Haemagglutination Inhibition method using a standard Newcastle disease virus obtained from Veterinary & Research Institute, Lahore. It was observed that 46% of parrots, 29% of doves and 7% of quails had experienced Newcastle disease. The average titre for three species of birds was 76 with a range of 20-1280, being highest in parrots and lowest in quails. Attempts were made to isolate Newcastle disease virus from the faecal material and pooled organs of each bird in developing chick embryo. Five isolates of Newcastle disease virus were recovered from parrots, two from doves and none from quails. The recovered isolates possessed a mild to moderate pathogenicity for day old chicks. From these trials it was evident that doves and parrot could act as carriers of Newcastle disease and disseminate the disease to other birds over vast areas while despite their susceptibility the exact role of quails could not be determined in the epizootio- logy of Newcastle disease. Further studies on larger scale were recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0190,T] (1).
119.
Studies On The Isolation And Serotyping Of Salmonella From Faecal Material Of Buffaloes
by Rashid, M | Muhammed Ajmal | Mubasher | S. Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Health of human population alongwith animals is always at risk when Salmonella shedding carriers are present. The modern trend of Farm industry makes it more important to look out for the carriers and treat them to save the other animals and man from Salmonellosis.
The present work Was under-taken to determine the Salmonella carrier state in healthy buffaloes, in an attempt to understand the epidemiological role played by these animals in the transmission of Salmonella infection to other animals and man.
The faecal samples. were collected from 1000 animals. A series of enrichment, selective and differential media, biochemical& 6ro1ogy teste were used for isolation,iden- tification and serotyping of Sa.iionella from the faecal specimens.
It was observed that 18 animals out of 1000(1.8%)were carrier of Salmonella.
Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from 12 cases while Slamonella butantan was isolated from 6 cases. Occurrence of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella butantan are important from Veterinary Public Health point of view.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0191,T] (1).
120.
Studies On The Isolation And Serotyping Of Salmonella From Gall-Bladder Of Buffaloes Slaughtered At Abattoirs In Lahore
by Munir Ahmad, M | S.Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed Naeem | Zafar Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0192,T] (1).
121.
Cultural Evidence Of Organism And Specific Antibody Levels Of Past Multocida Carriers In Buffaloes
by Tahir Yaqub | Muhammed Amin Sheikh | Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Zafar Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Blood samples and laryngeotracheal material of 500 buffaloes, slaughtered at various abattoirs of Lahore, in the month of February, 1988 through June, 1998, were collected and processed for ascertaining carrier condition for Past. Multocida and its effect on the serum antibody levels.
Of the total number of buffaloes examined, the organism was isolated from 23 (4.6 per cent) animals when the laryngeotracheal region was swabbed directly after slauther.
The erum samples from 23 past. Multocida carrier animals were examined for the presence of specific antibodies. Consequently 19 (82.60%) animals proved positive. A similar examination was conducted on sera of 60 non-carrier animals, where, only 5 were found positive. It is hopefully thouth that the findings of this project will provide utilitarian information regarding the role of carriers in epidemiology of HS and its control.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0193,T] (1).
122.
Studies On The Occurrence Of Rabies Virus In Saliva Of Apparently Normal Dogs In Lahore
by Aftab-ur-Rehman | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Rabies, is invariably a fatal viral infection of Central Nervous System effecting almost all species of warm blooded animals and man. The disease is causing considerable loss of human and animal life in the country. Sporadic cases of rabies occurred throughout the year, but during the Spring and fall the disease assumes an epidemic form. How the disease perpetuates in nature is not yet clearly understood as mortality rate is almost 100% in affected animals. Some references were available in the literature regarding the possibility of existence of survivors and carriers of' rabies in different animal species.
In order to understand the epidemiology of disease an attempt was made, in the present work, to look for the possibilities of existance of carriers among dog population in the city.
A total of 214 apparently healthy domestic dogs together with 100 stray dogs were tested for the presence of rabies antigen in the salivary gland and brain by Fluorescent antibody test. In case of stray dog rabies antigen was detected in 5 animals including 2% animals secreting virus in salivary gland and 3% animals with antigen both in salivary gland and brain, while in case of domestic do6 animals showed rabies antigen in saliva and 4 animals both in saliva and brains.
Simultaneously 48 cases suspected for rabies including 3 carcases, one cat two dogs and one human brain were also examined for rabies antigen and 50% cases were found positive.
The presence of rabies antigen in the saliva of 2 stray dogs and 2 domestic dogs was highly significant of the carrier role of dogs in rabies. Further work on much larger scale were recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0194,T] (1).
123.
Studies On The Isolation And Serotyuping Of Salmonella From Mesenteric Lymmphnodes Of Sheep And Goats
by Ahmad Usman Zafar | Muhammed Ajmal | Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | T.M Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Five hundred samples of mesenteric lymph nodes of sheep and goats , 20 from each species , slaughtered at Lahore abattoir, were bacteriologically examined to determine the Salmonella carrier state in healthy sheep and goats. Nine strains of Salmonellae belonging to two serological types i.e. Salmonella typhimurium (l.40%) and Salmonella anatum (0.40%), were isolated. The incidence of Salmonellosis in sheep and goats were recorded as 2.40% and 1.20% respectively.
The media used for primary isolation and purification were Selenite broth, Bismuth sulphite agar, Brillient green agar, MacConkey agar and Nutrient agar. Results of Triple sugar iron agar and Urease test gave a preliminary confirmation of Salmonella organisms. Sugar fermentation reactions, Methyl red and Voges Proskauer tests were also employed for the confirmation of isolates. The Serological identification was carried out with the help of standard antisera manufactured by ' Research Institute of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Sofia, Bulgaria. Further work on much larger scale is recommended.
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124.
A Comparative Study Regarding The Immunogenicity Engendered By Three Strains Of Newcastle Disease Vaccine
by Abdus Sattar | Muhammed Akram Muneer | M.Ajmal | T.M.Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1983Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0196,T] (1).
125.
Comparative Studies On The Antibody Titer Of Pigeon Pox Fowl Pox Vaccines In Poultry
by Sajjad Zaheer, malik | Muhammed Yousaf Vaid | Ata-Ur- Rizvi | Muhammed Tufail Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1980Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0197,T] (1).
126.
A Study On The Incidence And Types Of Salmonella From Intestines And Liver Of Coturnix Quail Slaughtered At Different
by Fazal Ahmad | Ata-ur- Rehman Rizvi | Mubasher | Muhammed Amin Sheikh | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0200,T] (1).
127.
Comparative Immunogenic Evaluation Of Live Sheep Pox Vaccines Prepared In Vitro And In Vivo
by Anwar Mahmood, M | Ata Ur Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed Yousaf Vaid | Sheikh Altaf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1977Dissertation note: Romanian sheep pox virus was pronagate1 in milk teeth susceptible sheep using Borrel techniqne.
The vaccine has a titre of 10-5 in sheep.
A dose of 0.1 ml. of dilution 1:20 was recommended for each sheep. Vaccinated sheep showed a medium size (1 ½ cm- 2 cm) skin reaction at the site of inoculation and mold fever which remained for two days.
Non of the vaccinated sheep showed any secondary lesions or ill effects.
Confluent primary monolayer of testis cells was achieved after 48 hours, CPE started 96 hours post-infection, and 80 percent CF! was noticed on 7th post-infection day.
Vaccine had titre upto 10-4.5 in vitro which correlates The titre in vivo.
0.5 Tissue culture vaccine Containing 100 TCID50 was injected sub/cut to each sheep. It conferred solid immunity.
Both the vaccines withstood challenge infection with a dose of 1 ml (10,000RD) for animal given on 14th post vaccination day.
0.5 ml dose of 1:25 dilution of Romanian virus vaccine gave larger skin reaction which lead to necrosis. Therefore, 0.1 ml dose of 1:20 dilution was used in the study.
5 ml (1.00 TCID 50) of Tissue vaccine when given to sheep did not show any untoward reactions.
Both vaccines gave cross protection against local sheep pox virus and are antigenically related.
Both vaccines showed cross immunity with each other.
The propagation of sheep pox virus in tissue culture is most economical and reliable method.
Tissue culture sheep pox virus vaccine is easy to administer and is recommended for a mass vaccination/sheep pox control programme.
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128.
Immunogenic Studies On Tissue Culture Rinderpest Vaccine In Buffaloes And Cattle
by Saeed Ahmad | Muhammed Yousaf vaid | Ata ur Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1980Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0202,T] (1).
129.
Comparative Efficacy Of Hormonal & Surgical Treatment For Pymetra In The Dog
by Fazle Azim | Mazhar Iqbal | Muhammed | Muhammed Arif Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Pyometra is one of the serious disorders of the female reproductive system in the dog. It can lead to infertility in some cases and death in others. Ovariohysterectomy is believed to be the treatment of choice for pyometra but the reproductive potential of the animal is lost during this process. That is why ovariohysterectomy is of no value in breeding animals. Therefore, there must be an alternative treatment to save the animal and its reproductive ability. This project was designed with the same idea in mind.
For this experiment twenty clinically healthy female mongrel dogs were selected and were injected with progesterone for 5 days to initiate the hyperplasia of their uteri. The cervices of these animals were dilated by giving them Stilboesterol injections for two days. Thereafter pathogenic culture of Escherichia coil was inoculated within the hyperplastic uteri to induce pyometra. Then these animals were reswitched to progesterone therapy for 5 more days/ Pyometra was confirmed by clinical signs and white blood cell counts, which were found increased 2-4 folds, 5-7 days after inoculation.
The diseased animals were divided into two groups, group I (Surgical treatment group) and group II (Hormonal therapy group), consisting of 10 animals each. In the group I, ovariohysterectomy was performed and these animals were divided into two subgroups Ia and lb, consisting of 5 animals each. The animals of group Ia were kept on antibiotics only whereas the animals of group lb were kept on antibiotics and intravenous fluids, post operatively. The animals of group II were kept on Prostaglandins for treatment. This group was also divided into two subgroups Ila and Nb (consisting of 5 animals each). The animals of group Na were kept on antibiotics only and the animals of group lib were kept on antibiotics and intravenous fluids, during the hormonal therapy.
All the animals of surgical treatment group (Ia and Ib) responded to the treatment very nicely and 100 per cent recovery rate was recorded. In the hormonal therapy group (ha and Nb) 60 per cent recovery rate was recorded, as one animal of group Ila died due to shock on the 2nd day of hormonal therapy and one animal did not respond to the hormonal therapy. Among the 5 animals of group lIb, 2 animals did not respond to the treatment. Although 60 per cent recovery rate was observed in the hormonal therapy group but serious side effects of prostaglandins were also noticed (vomiting, restlessness, defecation and urination was observed just after the prostaglandin injection). As far as the supportive therapy (intravenous fluids) was concerned it did not affect the recovery rate of the animals and there was no noticeable difference between the blood analysis and urinalysis of the animals kept on intravenous fluids and those which did not receive intravenous fluids.
The analysis of the results indicated that no doubt ovariohysterectomy has an edge over the prostaglandins therapy in cases of pyometra. However, ovariohysterectomy should be advised in those cases where the dog is a mediocre one and the owner is interested in saving the life and not the reproductive potential of the animal. But in cases where the dog belongs to a breeding stock with a very good pedigree record, and the owner is particularly interested in her reproductive ability, one should not hesitate to try the hormonal therapy, as based upon the findings of this research at least 60 per cent chances exists to get that end.
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130.
Macro And Micro Elements In Female Buffalo Calves Blood Serum During Various Stages Of Growth Upto Maturity
by Sher Nadir | Naeem Ullah Khan | Imtiaz Hussain | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: The study was carried out at Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadarnagar, District Okara.
320 blood serum samples in duplicate from 64 female buffalo calves were chemically analysed for Calcium, Phosphorus, Copper, Zinc and Manganese.
These animals were divided into four groups and each group was further sub divided into two sub groups respectively. Eight animals were placed in each sub group. Sub groups of first group consisted of 5th and 6th, sub groups of second group 7th and 8th, sub groups of third group 9th and 10th, and sub groups of fourth group 11th and 12th quarters of their age respectively.
These animals were put on same plan of nutrition for thirty days before starting the experiment.
20 ml., blood was drawn aseptically from the jugular vein. The blood was allowed to coagulate and serum was separated for analysis. Inorganic phosphorus and copper were analysed in the blood serum by the Merko test kits, Calcium by flame photometer, Zinc and Manganese by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Biometry and ovarian activity of the third and fourth groups were recorded.
Non significant (P>O.05) difference was observed for calcium, phosphorus, copper and zinc in all the groups while significant (9<0.05) difference was existed for manganese in the groups.
significant correlation (r = 0.72* P <0.05) was observed for phosphorus with the size of the graafian follicle while correlation ( r = 0.62, r = 0.40 r=0.58 and r= 0.57 9>0.05) for calcium, copper, zinc and manganese was negative respectively.
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131.
Effect Of Storage Temperature On Pathogenicity On Hydropericardium Syndrome Virus In Chickens
by Arshad Dar, M | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Muhammed | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Present study was designed to work out effect of different storage temperatures, and storage periods on pathogenicity of UPS virus. Observations on demonstration of inmiunosuppresive effect of UPS virus and its antigenic relationship with viruses producing similar type of problems in meat type chickens, were also made. Results of this study have shown no significant difference in virulence upto six weeks of storage at the given temperatures. Disease induction was done in relatively younger birds. Histopathological study of different organs from morbid birds showed changes similar to those reported by other workers.
Immunosuppressive effect of HPSV was demonstrable by low titers of antibodies against NDV and UPS. Indirect haemagglutination test with sensitized human "0" positive erythrocytes for detection of antibodies against HPSV worked effectively. The test is expected to become more sensitive with use of more purified antigen. Sheep RBCs sensitized without use of chromium chloride did not work in IHA test. Slight antIgenic similarity between HPSV and IBD virus iàs demonstrable in Agar gel diffusion test.
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132.
Immunomodulatory Effects Of Coccidiostats In Broiler Chicks
by Khalid Munir, Ch | Muhammed Ajmal | S.Ata- ur- Rehman Rizvi | tufail | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The birds that received salinomycin at recommended dosage
levels had higher body weight than the monensin treated, cyclophosphamide treated or untreated control birds.
Both salinomycin and monensin treatments did not adversely affect the weights of bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus, and livers of birds. Cyclophosphamide treatment of birds in early life resulted in bursal atrophy and slight depression of splenic weight gain.
As compared to cyclophosphamide treated and non-medicated control birds, the sera of NDV vaccinated birds fed salinomycin/monensin had higher antibody titers on day 42. The post-challenge sera of NDV vaccinated birds fed salinomycin, and monensin also had higher antibody titer as compared to NDV vaccinated cyclophosphamide treated birds. The NDV vaccinated birds on salinomycin or monensin medicated rations and those on non-medicated rations did not have any post virulent NDV challenge mortality.
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133.
Taxonomical Study On Prevalent Ectoparasites & The Effect Of Tick Infestation On Various Blood Parameters
by Nisar Ahmad | Asif Rabbani | M.Sarwer khan | Muhammed Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: A study was conducted to see the prevalence and to identify the species of ectoparasites (Ticks, mites, fleas, lice) in dogs.
Samples were collected from College of Veterinary Sciences and different pet clinics in the city. Specimens were collected and then transferred into the glass bottles containing 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, alcohol for preservation.
The specimens were examined and identified in the laboratory.
The species of ectoparasites identified were: Rhipicephalus anguineus (tick), Sarcoptes scabiel Var canis (mite), Ctenocephalides Canis (flea) Trichodectes anis (lice).
The percentage of the above mentioned species were: 39.3%, 11.1%, 2.1% and 2.1% respectively.
Haematological examination were made to compare the blood picture of healthy and infested dogs. For this purpose 20 blood samples each from healthy and infested dogs were examined. The blood parameters studied were: Haemoglobin level, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, packed cell volume and differential leukocyte count. The results of haemotological examination showed a significant decrease in haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, and packed cell volume, whereas a significant rise in leukocyte count and D.L.C. of infested dogs as compared to healthy dogs was observed.
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134.
A Study Of Glucose Potassium & Iron Level In Serum Of Buffaloes Suffering From Parturient Haemoglubinuria In NWFP
by Adatullah | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Zafar iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Some blood and urinary parameters were studied on 70 buffalo-cows (50 suffering from parturient haemoglobinuria and 20 healthy animals) in this experiment. The animals were divided into three groups i.e; Group 'A" comprising of 17 animals affected with pre-parturient haemoglobinuria, Group "B" comprising of 33 animals affected with post parturient haemoglobinuria and Group comprising of 20 healthy animals.
The blood parameters studied were serum glucose, serum potassium and serum iron. All the three blood parameters were significantly high in animals affected with pre- parturient and post-parturient haemoglobinuria as compared to the control group animals. The values of serum glucose were respectively 78.8, 71.9 and 50.9 mg/dl in group A, B and C.
The values of serum potassium were 14.3, 13.2 and 4.7 in.mol/L in group A, B and C respectively. Serum iron values of 32.6, 29.9 and 27.3 u inol/L were recorded in group A, B, and C respectively.
The urine samples from all the 70 animals belonging to group A, B and C were examined for the presence of haemoglobin, which was present in all the animals belonging to group A and B (animals affected with haemoglobinuria) and urinary PH. The PH values in the affected groups A & B were significantly higher (8.96 in both A & B groups) as compared to the control group C (8.09).
The urinary phosphorus values were also determined in this experiment. The phosphorus values were significantly lower in the affected groups A & B as compared to the control group C. -
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135.
Comparative Efficacy Of Haemagglutination Inhibition Test And Enzymne Linked Immunosorbent Assay In Detection Of Antibody Response To Newcastle Disease Virus
by Shafiq Ahmad Noori | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Ehtisham | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to observe the effects of various temperatures on the immune system, growth rate and various lymphoid organs of chickens.
Five hundred day-old chicks were reared upto six weeks of -age under various temperature ranges. These birds were randomly divided into 5 groups (each consisting of 100 chicks), A, B, C, D and E. Birds in group A were kept at 25°C and given NDV vaccine, birds in group B were kept at 37°C and administered NDV vaccine, birds in group C were housed at 42°C and inoculated with NDV vaccine, birds in group D were kept at ambient temperature and given NDV vaccine and those in group E were kept at 37°C and not vaccinated with NDV.
Blood samples from all the birds were collected on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. Live body weights of the birds were recorded on days 1, 21, 28, 35 and 42. At the termination of the study all the surviving birds were sacrificed to study the various lymphoid organs such as thymus, bursa of Fabricius, spleen and liver.
Heat stress at higher temperature enhanced the immune response of the chicken vaccinated against NDV as compared to the birds kept at lower temperature and non-vaccinated birds. The heat stress at various temperatures did not significantly affect:, the bursal and body weight gain, however, heat stress significantly affected the liver, splenic and thymic weight gain.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0216,T] (1).
136.
Role Of Pseudomonas As A Poultry Pathogen
by Khalid Hassan | ata _ Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed Afzal | S. Shahid | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: This research work was undertaken to assess the importance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a poultry pathogen. For this purpose 4000 samples comprised of spoiled eggs 1000, dead in shell chicks 1000, chicks dying during first week 1000, subsequent deaths 1000, were prodessed.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from 302 birds giving a percentage of 15.1. While examining spoiled hatching eggs Pseudomonas aeruginosa was revealed in 131 eggs giving a percentage of 13.1 and from 134 dead in shell chicks giving a percentage of 13.4.
The agewise incidence of Peudoinonas aeruginosp infection was zero percent in day old chicks, 25.6 percent in one week old, 24.84 percent in 2 weeks old, 12.69 percent in 3 weeks old, 11.76 percent in 8 weeks and 7.46 in 9 weeks, 7.69 percent in 11 weeks old and 9.32 percent in 12 weeks old and no incidence was observed in chicks of less than one week and in chicks beyond 12 weeks of age.
Pathogenicity of the isolate was studied in one day old chicks and 10 days old developing chick embryos. Twenty six out of 30 chicks died within one to 7 days whereas all the embryos died within 24 hours to 48 hours post-inoculation. The post-mortem examination in dead chicks showed haemorrhagic oedema at the site of inoculation and in dead embryos generalized congestion below the skin. Pseudonionas aeruginosa was re-isolated from heart blood and liver of these chicks and from yolk and chorioallantoic fluid of the embryos.
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137.
Sero-Epidemiology Of Brucelosis In Sheep And Goats At Livestock Production Research Institute (Bahadarnagar Farm)
by Shaukat Yab Khan | MUhammed Akram Muneer | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0218,T] (1).
138.
Studies On Clostridial Flora Of Ovine Gut
by Zarar Ahmad | S .Ata -Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Clostridial organisms are a part of the normal flora of animal intestine. Under conditions of stress and intestinal stasis bacteria multiply at a very rapid rate and produce intestinal disorders and other acute septicaemic diseases which may result in high mortality and condemnation of carcass and abortion and loss of milk yield in less severe cases.
Faecal samples of 500 sheep of various ages and both sexes, slaughtered at different abattoirs of Lahore were examined during the present study. Clostridial organisms belonging to different species were isolated from 320(64%) ou,t of 500 animals examined. Based upon morphological, colonial and biochemical characteristics these isolates were identified as Clostridium perfrinens 180(36%), Clostridium apcroenes 113(22.6%), Clostridium tetani 10(2%), Clostridium chauvoei 9(1.8%) and Clostridium botulinum 8(1.6%).
Pathogenicity of the isolates was determined in mice and it was observed that 36.25% of the isolates were pathogenic in this species producing acute septicaemic diseases. Out of the different species isolated 11.11% Clostridium chauvoei, 58.33% Clostridiuin prfrinens and 100% Clostridluin tetani were found pathogenic. Pure cultures of isolated organisms were obtained from the livers, tissues and blood of the inoculated mice.
Clostridia are an important group of pathogenic bacteria of veterinary public health significance, further work is recommended for the identification of the toxigenic groups within each species.
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139.
Effect Of By Pass Fat On The Performance Of Indegenous Cross Bred Dairy Cattle
by Iqbal Shahid, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Nisar Ahmed.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The performance of liverstock is largely affected by their level of energy intake. To increase milk quantity and quality energy dense ingredient i.e "By Pass Fat" (priplus prime manufactured by UNICHEMA. Pvt, Australia was included in the ration of dairy animals to determine its effect on the productive performance of indigenous cross-bred dairy lactating cattle.
For this purpose 12 cross bread (Freisian x Sahiwal) cows in early lactation period, of almost similar lactation number, milk production and body weight were randomly selected and divided into three group (A, B & C) comprising of 4 animals each.
Three concentrates were prepared in such a way to have 16% C.P & 1.37 Mcal/Kg M.E Concentrate I was taken as control. 10% "By Pass Fat" was incorporated in concentrate II which was isocalorics & isonitrogenous to concentrate I and 500gm "By Pass Fat" per animal per day along with concentrate I was supplemented in ration Ill. These three concentrate I, II & Ill were fed to the animals of group A, B & C respectively.
The average total milk production of the animals of groups A, B & C fed rations I, II & Ill were recorded 4478.79, 4663.42 & 4663.39 litter respectively, where as the average total feed consumed by the animals of group A, B & C was 13307, 13121 & 13128.5 Kg. respectively.
The best feed efficiency (2.81) of animals of groups B & C fed rations II & Ill, where as the poor feed utilization (2.97) was observed in the animal of control group (A). The average total weight gained by the animals of groups A, B & C fed rations I, II & Ill were 43, 54 & 89 Kg. respectively.
The results thus obtained showed significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the weight gain, milk production, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the animals of groups B and C fed ration II (10% "By Pass Fat") and ration Ill (additional supplementary feeding of 500 gms by pass fat) as compared to the animals of group A fed ration I (control).
However, there was non significant difference in the milk production, weight gain & feed utilization of the animals of group B & C fed ration II & Ill containing 10% "By Pass Fat" and 500gm additional supplementary feeding of "By Pass Fat" over above recomended nutrient requirements in the ration of dairy cattle. The data an milk composition showed nonsignificant effect in the milk of the animals fed different experimental rations.
There was 4% increase in the milk production of the animals fed ration containing 10% "By Pass Fat" as compared to the milk production of the animals fed ration containing no "By Pass Fat". -
Possibly this might be because of lower genetic potential of the animals.
Therefore "By Pass Fat" proved better source of energy as compared to Carbonecious ingredinets.
An additional supplementary feeding of 500 gm "By Pass Fat" over & above the recommended nutrient requirement in the rations of dairy animals did not show any increase in the milk production of the animals.
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140.
Comparative Nutritive Value Of Cottonseed Oil, Rapeseed Oil And Soyabean Oil, On The Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Zahid Mahmood | Nisar Ahmed | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
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Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: An experiment was conducted to study the comparative nutritive value of cotton seed oil, maize oil, rapeseed oil and soyabean oil on weight gain, feed efficiency, feed consumption, dressing percentage, iodine value and liver weight of broiler chicks. A ration without any added fat was kept as control. Cotton seed oil, maize oil, rapeseed oil and soyabean oil were incorporated at 2 and 3 percent levels in experimental starter and finisher rations respectively. The rations were tried on one hundred and fifty (150) dayold broiler chicks of both sexes for a period of 50 days. The starter rations were fed upto 28 days of age and finisher rations were fed from 29th day to 50 days of age
The result showed that growth of chicks was influenced by the type of oil used. The ration containing maize oil was the best for growth and feed utilization, followed by rapeseed oil, soyabean oil and cotton seed oil containing rations. The addition of vegetable oils in the starter as well as finisher rations have growth promoting effect in broiler chicks and improved the feed efficiency significantly. The difference in feed consumption among different rations were found to be statistically non-significant. The oil supplementation at 2 and 3 percent level (starter and finisher ration respectively) from different vegetable sources did not influence the dressing percentage and liver weight of broiler chicks. Iodine value of abdominal fat of chicks was significantly influenced by the addition of different vegetable oils in broiler rations.
The addition of vegetable oils in broiler rations improved the growth rate, feed efficiency and effected the iodine value of body fat of chicks and the rations were economical as compared to the rations without added oils. The economical picture depicted that ration containing added maize oil was the best in formulating an economical broiler ration.
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141.
Effect Of Anthelmintics (Banminth Ii And Bilverm) With Reference To The Economics Of Sheep Production
by Khizer Hayat | Mubasher Saeed Mian | Muhammed | Muhammed Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Sheep occupy an important place in economy of Pakistan as a source of food of high bioligical value and raw products for leather and woolen industries, particularly carpets. Parasitism is a great cause of economic loss to the sheep. The study was conducted to compare the fleece weight and live weight gain in treated versus untreated lambs suffering from nematodes using 90 Thalli sheep lambs in 3 groups keeping one group as infected control and other groups treated with Banminth II and Nilverm respectively. [he efficacy of both the drugs was evaluated on the basis of reduction of eggs per gram of faeces after medication. The egg count was made on Zero, 4th, 24th, 28th, 44th and 48th day. Both the drugs revealed a progressive decrease in the faecal egg counts. The efficacy of Banminth on 0, 4th, 24th, 29th, 44th and 48th was 20%, 97.33%., 99.73%., 99.93%. and 100%. Nilverm was 25%., 98.43%., 99.81%, 99.97% and 100%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the drugs. The increase in live weight gain in treated groups as compared to control was 30.72% and 42.48% in Banminth II and Nilverm respectively. Statistical analysis of the data confirmed that weight gain in Banminth II and Nilverm was significant than that of control however the weight gain was non significant between both the treated groups.
Fleece weight gain was 20% and 20.83% more in Banminth II and Nilverm treated groups as compared respectively. The quality of wool did not showed any significant difference between the three three groups except a significant increase in wool staple length s compared to control group.
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142.
Anthelmintic Efficacy Of Melia Azedarach Linn. Oxfendazole, Febantel And Thiophanate Against Gastro-Intestinal
by Khalid Pervaiz | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Khalid Saeed | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The present project was designed with the objective to test the anthelinintic efficacy of Helia azedarach Linn. against Trichostrangylids infection in sheep.
During the first phase of study anthelmintic efficacy of Melia azedarach Linn, fruit was tested at different dosage levels but anthelmintic efficacy was not observed at the dosage levels of 10mg to 1gm per kg body weight. Seeds of Melia azedarach were also tested for their antheirnintic efficacy but no anthelmintic effect was observed at the dosage levels of 10mg to 40mg per kg body weight. It was concluded in the first phase of study that Melia azedarach Linn. fruit and seed have no anthelmintic effect against G.I.T nematodes (Trichostrongylids) infection in sheep. During the second phase of this project clinical trials were conducted to test the anthelmintic efficacy of Melia azedarach Linn (fruit), Qxfendazole (systamex) Febantel (Rintal), and thiophanate (Nemafax) against the Trichostrongylids infection in sheep under field conditions. Results of second experiment confirmed the zero percent anthelmintic efficacy of Nelia azedarach Linn. (fruit) at the dosage level of 1gnj./kg body weight in sheep.Anthelmintic efficacy of Oxfendazole (4.5 mg/kg) Febantel (5mg/kg) and thiphanate (50mg/kg) was observed to be 100% 99.43% and 96.32% respectively against G.I.T. nematodes infection in sheep
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0223,T] (1).
143.
Studies On The Efficacy Of Indigenous Drugs Against Fascioliasis In Buffaloes
by Shafeeq-ur-Rahman Kailani | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Experiments have been carried out to study the antifasciolic effects of the powdered plant drugs including Nigella sativa (seeds), Fumaria paryiflora (aerial parts) and Caesalpinia crista(seeds) in buffaloes suffering naturally from fascioliasis. The chronological effects of these indigenous drugs on a reduction of faeeal EPG counts of the experimental arLimala on 3rd, 10th and 15th day post medication were recorded. All the drugs, in the presiribed dose levels were administered orally as a single dose treatment to the animals of specified drug and dose group.
Incidence of fascioliasis from random samplings were found to be 3306±0.74 percent arid from symptomatically selected samples to be 64±3.18 percent.
All the crude drugs were found to cause a chronological increase in their percentage efficacies against chronic fascioliasis, when tested on post-treatment days 3rd, 10th and 15th. Both the parameters C dosage level as well as the post treatment days ) caused significant effects on the efficacies in all the drugs, as indicated by the values of their F-ratios. All the drugs showed the upper most dosage level (L3) to be the optimum dosage level with a highly significant (P<0.005) decrease in the egg-counts on all the post treatment days checked. On the post treatment day 3rd, all the drugs caused a non-significant decrease in the egg-counts at their lowest dosage level, a significant change at their upper dosage level and a highly significant decrease at their upper most dosage level (L3). However within the prescribed dosage levels, none of the drugs could decrease the egg-counts to zero(0), on post treatment day 15th, indicating that some betterment, of course, would be possible by a slight increase in the dosage levels in all the drugs. Maximum efficacy, on the basis of percentage egg- count reductions(s), was shown by Fumaria paryiflora (Shahtera) (93.15+ 0.51), while Caesalpinia crista (Karanjwa) (89.67+1.7) and Nigella stiva (karanjwa) (88.17±0.41 percent) indicated to he on second and third position respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0224,T] (1).
144.
Study Of Haematology And Sodium, Potassium Levels In Serum Of Broilers Affected With Hydropericardium
by Arshad, M | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Zafar Iqbal Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Haematology as well as serum electrolytes (Na, K) were studied in HPS-induced broilers. Morbid livers from birds affected with i-EPS were triturated, centrifuged and the result in gsupernaiant was used as inoculum. -
One hundred and twenty broiler chicks at 21 days of age were divided into four groups, each group was comprised of 30 birds. Chicks in Groups A, B and C were administered with HPS Inoculum through oral, subcutaneous and intramuscular routes, respectively whereas the chicks in Group D served as control. Clinical symptoms observed were depression, ruffled feathers, gasping and disinclination to move. Blood samples were collected on 4th, 8th and 12th day post-inoculation. 1 he total leukocytes increased significantly (P < 0.01). In contrast, total erythrocytes and haemoglobin contents were decreased ( P < 0.05) in subcutaneously and intramuscularly-induced HPS Groups. Oral route of HPS - inoculation did not cause any change in these two parameters.
Serum sodium concentrations were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased due to I IPS-inoculation. Potassium concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05) only in subcutaneously anti intramuscularly-induced HPS infection whereas potassium concentrations on 4th, 8th and 1 21h day post - inoculation were not found different among themselves.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0225,T] (1).
145.
A Study On The Effect Of Insecticide On Various Organs & Blood Parameters Of Poultry
by Razzaq, A | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Tufail Ahmed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The investigation was conducted to study the effects of organochiorine insecticide (BHC) on the hematology and liver, kidney and spleen in chickens.
One hundred day-old broiler chicks were reared upto two weeks of age , then they were divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D (25 chicks in each group). Group A was maintained on a feed containing 100 mg BHC/kg feed. Group B was given a water contaminated with BHC at a dose rate of 100 mg/liter. Group C was reared on a litter which was sprayed with 0.65% BHC. 'ihe litter treatment was repeated at an interval of seven days. Group D was kept as control. All groups were kept under close observation for the development of signs and symptoms of BIIC toxicity. The blood from 5 chicks in each group was collected by slaughtering at
the age of 14 days, 21 days, 28 days, 35 days and 42 days. From the collected blood haematologicai alterations (TLC, TEC, DLC, PCV and Hb estimation) were studied and pathological changes in spleen, liver and kidney were compared with the control group. flefore slaughtering the weight of the birds were also taken.
Weight of the birds was recorded before slaughtering, there was a significant decrease in weight in groups A, B and C as compared to control group D and there was significant increase between 21-35 days, 21-35 days and 28-42 days.
Antemortem symptoms were recorded throughout the experiment and observed that feed intake of the treated groups was decreased, growth was retarded significantly. The treated birds were reluctant to move, hypersensitive, dull and depressed with ruffled feathers
In postmortem examination the main necropsy findings were small hemorrhages throughout the body muscles, hepatomegaly and swollen kidneys in groups A and B. The muscular hemorrhages were not recorded in group C.
The main histopathological lesions of liver and kidney included vascular congestion, cloudy swelling, vacuolization, hemorrhages, leukocytic infiltration and necrosis. There were no microscopic changes in spleen of groups A and B after 21 and 28 days, but in groups A and B after 35 and 42 days vascular congestion, hemorrhages and necrosis were observed.
Haematologlcal alterations were studied in all the three treated groups A, B, C and control group
D. There was no significant difference found in erythrocytlc count, hemoglobin estimation and packed cell volume amongst all the groups, at all the ages. The total leukocytic count showed a significant increase in groups A, B and C as compared to control group D and there wa also a significant increase between 21-28 days, 21-35 days and 21-42 days in groups A, B and C. The differential leukocytic count showed a significant decrease in lymphocytes and eosinophils in all the three groups i.e. A, B and C throughout the treatment while heterophils and monocytes increased significantly in all three treated groups as compared to control group D, but there was no change in basophils.
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146.
A Study On The Effects Of Intermittent Light On The Performance Of Japanese Quails (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)
by Israr-ul-Haq, Chohan | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Javed Ahmed | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The study was aimed to find out the effect of different photo-periods on the body weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, dressing percentage and Bone; meat ratio of J. quails. Light plays a vital role in the management of quails. The adequate light for quails should be sufficient enough to enable the birds to move about, facilitating to see, eat and drink without any extra exercise. One of the main factors, which needs further exploration is to fix up the hours of light necessary for better growth and economical production.
The present study was thus under taken to determine the appropriate and economical light dark cycle for best performance of Japanese quails, under local climatic conditions. The photo-periods provided in this experiment were 24 hours continuous light, 1 hour continuous light followed by 1 hour continuous darkness alternately, 1 hour continuous light followed by 2 hours continuous darkness and 1 hour continuous light followed by 3 hours continuous darkness to groups Li, L2, L3 and L4 respectively. 192 one day old J. quails were reared upto 6 weeks of age. Groups were further sub-divided into 3 replicates (La, Lb. La) of 16 quails each. The quails of all groups reared in battery brooders, where quails were provided floor space at the rate of 25. SQ. inches per bird, throughout the experiment.
Automatic programme timers with 25 watt bulbs were used; where controlled light was required. Feeding, watering. environmental and managemental conditions were made identical for all the birds. The birds reared under one hour continuous light, followed by 2 hours darkness. Grained more body wiehgt than that of birds of other three groups There were highly significant difference (P<0.01) in body weights of various groups of quails from 3rd to 5th weeks of age.
On applying DMR test, it revealed that the highest body weight was in group L3 followed by Li, L2 and L4 groups respectively.
The results on feed consumption by various - groups were also found to be highly significant (P<0.01)
Maximum feed was consumed by the birds kept under L3 group, followed by Li, L2 and L4 groups respectively. The observations on weekly feed conversion ratio and mortality % were found to be non-significant.
The dressing percentage increased significantly with age. Li group showed better dressing percentage compared with those of other 3 groups. There were highly significant difference (P<0.01) in the dressing percentage among various groups. DMR test revealed that Li group had better dressing percentage, followed by L2, L3 and L4 groups respectively.
The values for bone; meat ratio were found to he highly significant (P<0.01). The best bone; meat ratio were of group Li followed by L2, L3 and L4 groups respectively.
However DMR test revealed that there were non- significant difference observed in bone, meat ratio of groups L3 and L4.
Thus, the fore said study claimed that better productive growth of Japanese quails were under one hour light followed by two hours continuous darkness. There were also comparatively better results of 24 hours continuous light as compared to be L2 and L4 groups in our study.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0227,T] (1).
147.
Study On Antibody Profile Against Brucella Melitensis (Rev-1 Strain) Vaccine In Sheep And Goat
by Manzoor Ahmad Ghumman | M.Akram Muneer | Mubasher | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: A total of 213 lambs/kids (60 lambs and 33 kids at livestock experiment station, Jahangirabad 40 lambs and 26 kids at livestock production research institute, Bahadarnagar and 60 lambs at livestock experiment station Qadarabad) were vaccinated with Brucella melitensis Rev. I vaccine. The lambs/kids, 4-6 months of age, that demonstrated zero antibody titre were selected for the experiment. Each lamb/kids recieved 2 ml of brucella melitensis Rev. I vaccine subcutaneously behind the shoulder. Vacenated lambs/kids were bled on 20,30,60,30,120, 150, 180 and 210 days post-vaccination. Sera were separated to determine the antibody profile using serum agglutination tube test. The antibody titre ranged 1/40 to 1/640, On day 20 post_vaccination which declines sharply. On days 210 post _vacination the antibody titre were from 1/10 to 1/40 in sheep at Livestock experiment station Jahangirabad, Oadirabad and livestock production research institute, Bahadurnagur.
The rate of abortion was 1.36% zero and 0.27% in sheep before vaccination at livestock experiment station, Jahangirabad, Livestock production research institute, Bahadurnagur and Livestock experiment station, Qadirabad respectively. The rate of abortion after vacitnation was nill at all the 3 livestock farms.
The rate of abortion in goat are 24.20% and 0% before vaccination at Livestock experiment station, Jahangirabad and 1ivestock production research institute - Bahadarnagar, respectively. The rate of abortion at livestock experiment station, Jahagirabad and Livestock production research institute, Bahadurnagur was 1.7% and 0% in goats after vaccination, respectively.
Antibody titre of brucella melitensis Rev. I vaccine falls sharply, within two months post-vaccination. A single dose of vaccine provided sufficient field immunization.
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148.
Ricepolishing (Solvent Extracted) As Source Of Energy In Broiler Rations
by Maqsood Ahmed | Javaid Ahmed Qureshi | Ehtisham | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: R ice polishing is the finally ground powdered material obtained in the polishing of kernels of rice after the hulls has been removed. Rice polishing furnishes almost equivalent energy as other cereals and at the same time is a good source of protein and water soluble vitamin especially Thiamine and Niacin. Its fiber content is comparatively higher than the cereal grains. It also contains a considerable amount of oil which is Viable to become rancid, if stored for longer period, so its oil should be extracted to improve its quality and to store it for a longer period. Rice polishing (sol. ext.) at present is not utilized efficiently for feeding of poultry due to presence of certain growth inhibitory factor.
The present study was planned to replace maize with rice polishing (sol. ext.) at different levels in the broiler rations and to find out suitable treatments of autoclaving to reduce/remove the growth inhibitory factors. Two experiments were conducted using day old "Indian River" broiler chicks as experimental birds.
In the first experiment the replacement of maize with rice polishing (sol. ext.)at different levels was studied. Growth rate, feed comsumption, efficiency of feed utilization and dressing percentage of chicks were recorded.
There was a non significant difference in weight gain of chicks fed rations containing 0, 10, 20 & 30 percent rice polishing (so!. ext.). However, the feed utilization was reduced significantly (P < 0.01) as the level of rice polishing (so!. ext.) was increased in the rations.
In the Experiment II, effect of different treatments on the nutritive value of rice polishing (sol. ext.) was studied. Treatments included autoclaving for 30 minutes, autoclaving for 60 minutes and autoclaving for 30 minutes with 20 percent moisture. autoclaving treatments significantly (P < 0.01) improved the growth rate and feed efficiency of chicks as compared to the control ration (without autoclaving). Best weight gain and feed efficiency was found in the chicks fed ration containing rice polishing (sol. ext.) autoclaved for 60 minutes. This indicated that autoclaving had reduced/removed the antinutritional/growth inhibitory factor(s) present in the indigenous rice polishing. The autoclaving with 20 percent moisture was in effective to further improve the nutritive value of rice polishing for broilers.
CONCLUSION:
The findings indicate a significant growth depression along with poor utilization of feed by chicks fed rations containing higher levels of rice polishing (sol. ext.).
Autoclaving treatments improved the nutritive value of rice polishing (sot. ext.), as indicated by better growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks. Autoclaving with increased, moisture was ineffecting in further improving the nutritive value of rice polishing for broilers.
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149.
Serosurveillance Of Brucellosis And Leptospirosis In Horses At Lahore
by Amir Altaf, M | Muhammed Ajmal | M. Akram Muneer | Rashid Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
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not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0231,T] (1).
150.
Taxonomical Study Of Ecto-Parasites Of Indigenous Poultry & Effect Of Fowl-Tick (Argas Persicus) On Different Blood Parameters
by Masood Ahmed Sh | khalid Saeed | Mubasher Saeed Mian | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: A study was conducted to see the incidence and to identify the species of ectoparasites (ticks, lice, mites) in indigenous poultry. Samples were collected from different areas in Lahore from Match to August, 1991
A total of 1500 indigenoLls birds were examined, 826 were found infested with ectoparasites, showing an overall infestation rate of 55.07%. The infesatioii rate of ticks, lice, mites and mixed infestation (ticks + lice) was recorded as 14.47%, 32.93%, 0.33% and 7.34% respectively.
The species of ecloparasites identified were: Ag persicus (fowl tick), Menopon gjjjnae, Menacanthus stramineus, Lipeurus cjjçnis, Goniocj
gigas (lice), and Cnemidocoptes mutans (scaly leg mite). The infestation
3.7
percentage of the above mentioned species was: 14.47, 15.47, 7.86, 5.7jand
0.33 respectively.
I Iaeniatological examinations were made to compare the blood
picture of healthy and fowl lick (ig prsicus) infested indigenous birds. For this purpose 50 blood samples each from healthy and fowl tick infested birds were examined. Blood jJirameters studied were: haemoglobin, total
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