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1. A Study On The Prevalence And Pathogenicity Of Tick Infestation With Taxonomy Of The Genus Rhipicephalus In Dogs

by Azmat Sultana | Mubasher Saeed Mian | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0032,T] (1).

2. A Study Of Gastric Trematodes In Buffaloes And Taxonomy Of The Species Of The Genus Paramphistomum

by Akbar, M | Mubashir Saeed Mian | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0036,T] (1).

3. Effect Of Coccidiosis And Amprolium (Coccidiostat) On Different Blood Parametersk, Sgpt, And Creatinine In Broiler Chicks

by Hameed Ullah Shah | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Ather Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0094,T] (1).

4. Comparative Evaluation Of Fenestrated And Unfenestrated Pedicle Skin Grafts In The Dog

by Tahir Parvez, M | Mazhar Iqbal | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0095,T] (1).

5. Comparative Efficacy Of Different Acaricides On Mange In Dogs And Their Effect On Leukocytic Picture

by Naeem Akhtar, M | Muhammed Athar khan | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0102,T] (1).

6. Estimation Of Serum Bilirubin And Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase Before And After Medication With Hexachlorophene In Sheep Affected With Fascioliasis

by Ihsanullah Khan | Muhammed Athar khan | ASsif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0107,T] (1).

7. Comparative Efficacy Of Tension Band Wire And Compression Crew For Treatment Of Avulsed Canine Tibial Tuberosity

by Arif Khan, M | Mazhar Iqbal | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0111,T] (1).

8. Epidemiological Investigations And Treatment Trials Against Deg Nala Disease

by Fazal Mahmood ul Hassan | Muhammed Athar Khan | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0113,T] (1).

9. Prevalence Of G.Ilt. Namatodes In P:Heasants At Lahore Zoo/Jallo Wildlife Park & Its Chemotherapy With Oxfendazole (Oxafax) & Febental [Rintal]

by Makhdoom Najaf, Muftee | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: This experiment was conducted to find out that efficacy of various anthelmintics in birds (Pheasants) for the treatment of Ascaridia, Heteraki and Trichostrungylus. Thirty six pheasants naturally infected were selected for study. They were divided into 3 groups that in A, B & C. The anthelmintics used were Rintal and Oxafax. They were given to Group A, B respectively. Group C was considered as control to know the increase in the number of eggs per gm. of feces during the experimental period, showing the increase as 2375 and 2908 and 8.34% and 32.66% on third and seventh day of experiment. Fecal samples were obtained from pheasants owing to Punjab Wildlife Department, i.e. Lahore Zoo and Jallo Wildlife Park, Lahore brought to Medicine Lab., College of Veterinary Sciences Lahore of -rye samples were done: a. Before the administration of drugs. b. After 3rd day of treatment. c. After 7th day of treatment by using MC. Master technique. As regards the efficacy of the drugs, the Rintal was found highly effective and reduced 90.58 eggs per grams of feces, Oxafax reduced 82.42%. In addition to effectiveness, Rintal was also the cheapest, anthelinintic out of two. So Rintal was recommended for field use. It was observed thak incidence of infection (Ascaridia, Heterakis) in Lahore Zoo was 25% and incidence of infection in Jallo Wildlife Park was 23% overall incidence was 24%. In Lahore Zoo the prevalence was 60.11% for Ascaridia and for 1-leterakis 38.88% whereas in Jallo Wildlife Park, Lahore it was 65.21% for Ascaridia and for Heterakis 34.78% respectively. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0172,T] (1).

10. Anthelmintic Efficacy Of Melia Azedarach Linn. Oxfendazole, Febantel And Thiophanate Against Gastro-Intestinal

by Khalid Pervaiz | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Khalid Saeed | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The present project was designed with the objective to test the anthelinintic efficacy of Helia azedarach Linn. against Trichostrangylids infection in sheep. During the first phase of study anthelmintic efficacy of Melia azedarach Linn, fruit was tested at different dosage levels but anthelmintic efficacy was not observed at the dosage levels of 10mg to 1gm per kg body weight. Seeds of Melia azedarach were also tested for their antheirnintic efficacy but no anthelmintic effect was observed at the dosage levels of 10mg to 40mg per kg body weight. It was concluded in the first phase of study that Melia azedarach Linn. fruit and seed have no anthelmintic effect against G.I.T nematodes (Trichostrongylids) infection in sheep. During the second phase of this project clinical trials were conducted to test the anthelmintic efficacy of Melia azedarach Linn (fruit), Qxfendazole (systamex) Febantel (Rintal), and thiophanate (Nemafax) against the Trichostrongylids infection in sheep under field conditions. Results of second experiment confirmed the zero percent anthelmintic efficacy of Nelia azedarach Linn. (fruit) at the dosage level of 1gnj./kg body weight in sheep.Anthelmintic efficacy of Oxfendazole (4.5 mg/kg) Febantel (5mg/kg) and thiphanate (50mg/kg) was observed to be 100% 99.43% and 96.32% respectively against G.I.T. nematodes infection in sheep Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0223,T] (1).

11. Studies On The Efficacy Of Indigenous Drugs Against Fascioliasis In Buffaloes

by Shafeeq-ur-Rahman Kailani | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Experiments have been carried out to study the antifasciolic effects of the powdered plant drugs including Nigella sativa (seeds), Fumaria paryiflora (aerial parts) and Caesalpinia crista(seeds) in buffaloes suffering naturally from fascioliasis. The chronological effects of these indigenous drugs on a reduction of faeeal EPG counts of the experimental arLimala on 3rd, 10th and 15th day post medication were recorded. All the drugs, in the presiribed dose levels were administered orally as a single dose treatment to the animals of specified drug and dose group. Incidence of fascioliasis from random samplings were found to be 3306±0.74 percent arid from symptomatically selected samples to be 64±3.18 percent. All the crude drugs were found to cause a chronological increase in their percentage efficacies against chronic fascioliasis, when tested on post-treatment days 3rd, 10th and 15th. Both the parameters C dosage level as well as the post treatment days ) caused significant effects on the efficacies in all the drugs, as indicated by the values of their F-ratios. All the drugs showed the upper most dosage level (L3) to be the optimum dosage level with a highly significant (P<0.005) decrease in the egg-counts on all the post treatment days checked. On the post treatment day 3rd, all the drugs caused a non-significant decrease in the egg-counts at their lowest dosage level, a significant change at their upper dosage level and a highly significant decrease at their upper most dosage level (L3). However within the prescribed dosage levels, none of the drugs could decrease the egg-counts to zero(0), on post treatment day 15th, indicating that some betterment, of course, would be possible by a slight increase in the dosage levels in all the drugs. Maximum efficacy, on the basis of percentage egg- count reductions(s), was shown by Fumaria paryiflora (Shahtera) (93.15+ 0.51), while Caesalpinia crista (Karanjwa) (89.67+1.7) and Nigella stiva (karanjwa) (88.17±0.41 percent) indicated to he on second and third position respectively. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0224,T] (1).

12. Study & Comparative Efficacy Of Oral & Injectable Levamisole Against G.I.T. Nematodes In Cattle And Buffaloes

by Anwar Hayat Hanjra | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: This project was designed to find out the incidence of gastrointestinal nematodes and to chalk out the comparative efficacy of Levamisole Hcl oral and Levamisole Hcl injectable (Anthelmin powder and injection) in young buffaloes and cattle upto two years of age at Lahore and adjacent areas. The therapeutic trials were conducted on both sexes of buffaloes and cattle having moderate to heavy infection. The efficacy was evaluated on the basis of reduction in EPG (eggs per gram of the faeces) by using MoMaster technique. Out of the total 300 faecal samples collected directly from the rectum of experimental animals, 128 were positive for G.I.T nematodes and incidence was found to be 42.66%. The eggs of different species of nematodes, as Neoscaris vitulorum, Haemonch, Cooperia, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus etc. were identified from the faecal samples. It was observed that the incidence of G.I.T nematodes was 44.50% and 39.83% in buffaloes and cattle respectively. Out of the 128 positive animals ninety animals were selected for the drug trials and divided into three groups of thirty animal each i.e groups A, B and C. The anthelmin tic efficacy of Levamisol Hcl oral and Levamisol Hcl injectable against G.I.T. nernatodes was observed by administering the drug to group A and B respectively and group C was kept as non-medicated control. The efficacy was determined on basis of reduction in number of ova count discharged in faeces post medication. The percentage efficacy observed on 14th day was 96. 71% and 97. 80% in buffaloes and cattle respectively, for Levamisole Hcl oral. The efficacy was 98.62% and 98.29% in huffa1oe, and cattle respectively for Levamisole Hcl injectable. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0237,T] (1).

13. Comparative Study Of Acaricides (Ivermectin & Asuntol) For The Treatment Of Mange Mites In Sheep

by Allah Diwaya Khan | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Ectoparasites are major problem creaters in the smooth rearing of sheep. Ainongs the ectoparasites mange mites are of prime importance as 'they damage skin, hide and wool etc. In the present study Iverinectin and Asuntol were used for the treatment of mange mites. A single subcutaneous injection of Ivermeotin 1% at dose rate of 1 nil/adult gave a cure of 80% adjudged on day 14 post treatment. A single spray of 0.1% solution of Asuntol could eliminate the condition in 65% of the clinical cases. On the same day in the animals which were kept as control (untreated), no spontaneous recovery was noted rather the condition aggravated. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0238,T] (1).

14. A Study Of The Taxonomy & Bionomics Of Genus Haemaphysalis In Domestic Animals

by Haroon, Durrani | MubasherSaeed Mian | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Ticks transmit diseases like piroplasmosis, theileria3is and anaplasmosis in livestock. They are responsible for great economic losses in terms of general unthriftiness, loss of condition and also damage to hides and skins. Pakistan being a tropical country provides optimal conditions for growth and multiplication of ticks. Despite this abundance in prevalence little systematic work was done to investigate the prevalence, taxonony and bionomics of species of genus Haemaplxysalis. During this study numerous ticks from sheep, goat, cattle and buffaloes each were collected from Lahore and Sheikhupura districts. One species of genus Haemaphysalis i.e. Haemaphysalis brunati was recorded. Other species of same genus did not occur in these districts. This species was recorded from Lahore only. The percent incidence was 5.87%. During the bionomical study various aspects like seasonal and regional abundance, life cycle, effect of temperature and humidity were studied. It was concluded that in one year three generations of Haemaphysalis bnmati occured in Lahore district . The ticks appeared on livestock in Narch and gradually increased during following months and reached its peak level in June. Then the population graph fell, until in last week of September when a minor peak was recorded. Subsequently the infestation receded considerably amongs livestock during October and was lowest in the end of November. No incidences were recorded from early December through late February. During the morphological studies of Haemapltysalis brunati measurements of various parts of body were recorded and it was noticed that the measuremeni vary slightly in the species occuring in Lahore The breeding habits and life cycle of Haemaphysalis brunati were studied under natural conditions and it was observed that the ticks mostly started depositing egg 19 days after dropping in spring, 18 days after dropping in summer and 7 days after dropping in autumn. The oviposition period under natural conditions was found to be 12 days in spring, 11 days in summer and 11 days in autumn. The average number of eggs laid by a single female tick in different seasons was not constant. In spring season average number of eggs deposited by single female tick was 3819 in summer 2786 and in autumn 2514. The eggs were oval in shape and measured 0.470 x 0.420 mm in size and weighed 0.041 mg on average. The incubation period of ova was found to vary in different seasons. In spring it was 20 days, 16 days in summer and 15 days in autumn. The larvae survived without food and water for 56 days in spring. The larvae fully engorged in 9 days during spring, 7 days in summer and 6 days in autumn. The weight of unfed larvae was found to be 0.375 mg. and engorged larvae from 0.166 nlg. The total amount of blood sucked was estimated to be 0.129 mg. The fully engorged larvae moulted in 16 days during spring, II days during summer and 10 days during autumn. The newly moulted unfed txymph lived for 65 days in spring. The nymph engorged in 7 days during spring, in 6 days during summer and autumn. The weight of unfed nymph was found to be 0.114 mg and that of. engorged nymph was found to be 1.094 mg. The nymph moulted in 17 days during spring and in 9 days during summer and autumn. The newly moulted female engorged within 9 days in spring, 8 days in summer and 4 days in autumn. The weight of unfed female was 1.695 mg and of engorged female 210.0 mg. The amount of blood sucked by a single female tick was estimated to be 208.36 mg. Amount of blood sucked by a single female during her entire life span was found to be 221.549 mg. Influence of temperature and humidity on rate of development of Haemapbysalis brunati on preoviposition period, oviposition period, number of eggs laid, incubation period and peientage of hatchability were studied and it was observed that constant temperature and varying humidities had no significant effect on the said parameters whereas constant humidity and varying temperatures had a significant effect on the rate of development, preoviposition period, oviposition period, number of eggs laid, incubation period and percentage of hatchahility. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0245,T] (1).

15. Study Of Coccidiosis In Different Age Groups & Estimation Of Haemaglobin, Pcv And Total Proteins In Camels

by Ashfar-ur-Rehman | Muhammed Sarwer khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Mubasher | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of coccidiosis in different age groups of camels and to estimate haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and total serum proteins in positive cases. For this purpose study was carried out on 300 animals of different age groups of camels (calves, young and adult) brought to Lahore abattoir for slaughtering during a period between June to August 1991. The investigation showed that out of 300 animals, 29 (9.66%) were positive for coocidiosis. It was also observed that infection rate was higher in calves (25.86%) than in young (5.62%) and adult camels (6.09%). The study also indicated that the prevalence of coccidiosis remained as in the month of June (8.42%), July (9.60%) end in August (11.25%). The present investigation revealed that an average haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and total serum protein were 9.2 ± 0..3g/100 ml, 35..27 ± 0.46% and 8.3 ± 1.0g/100 ml of positive animals respectively.. It was recorded that 19 animals showed decrease in haemoglobin, 6 showed increase in packed cell volume and 9 showed increase in total serum protein. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0246,T] (1).

16. Incidence Of Surra (Trypanasomiasis) & Estimation Of Blood Glucose Protein P.,C.V. Values In Camels Grought To Lahore Abbatoir

by Saleem Ahmad, S | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Asif Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Trypanosomiasis in camels caused by T. evansi occurs in both acute and chronic forms. In chronic forms huge production loss occur, i.e lower milk and meat yields. The present study had been designed to find out the incidence of the disease and estimation of blood glucose ,P.C.V. and protein level , it will eventually lead to the control of Trypanosomiasis. For the incidence, blood samples were col- lected from Lahore abattoir and the presence of Trypa- nosome was confirmed by making smear from freshly collected blood samples from the ear vein.For the haematological study blood was collected from jugular vein in the glass tube . The values of protein , PC.V. and blood glucose was estimated by standard method. Out of 500 samples 24 were proved to be positive i.e 4.80 % sample were positive.Whereas in the month of July 1991 it comes 4.16 %,In the month of Aug. 91 estimated as 5.58 % and during Sept. 91 was estimated as 4.30 %. On examining the values of serum protein ,blood glucose and Packed Cell Volume ( P.C.V.) of the positive samples they showed slight increase in protein value ,decrease in glucose value and also reduction of P.C.V. values. Their mean values were calculated as 9.55 g/100 ml,29.07 mg/100 ml and 20.25 % respectively. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0247,T] (1).

17. Epidemiological Aspects And Treatment Trials On Black Quarter Disease In Dera Ismail Khan District

by Inam-ul-Haq | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Manzoor | Muhammed sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: An active Surveillance in D-I-Khan indicated that black quarter is prevalent in this area 3.88% in cattle and 3.16% in buffaloes. Young cattle and buffaloes are more affected than adults. Incidences of black quarter were high in non irrigated area (7.55%) than irrigated area (1.19%). Highest incidences were observed in summer season especially in July (42.77%) as compared to other seasons of the year. Wound history was reported in 36% of affected animals. Morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates of black quarter were 3.75%, 3.14% and 91.13% respectively in this area. Economic losses due to black quarter were highest (44.53%) as compared to other common livestock diseases in the area. Treatment trials of Oxytetracycline (Terramycine L.A., Pfizer, 20 mg/Kg) and amoxicilline (Clamoxyl L.A., Beecham, 15 mg/Kg) were also conducted during this study. Severity and recovery was monitored before treatment and 6th, 12th, 24th, 48th and 72ndth hours after treatment. Most common symptoms observed were lameness, high rise of temperature, swelling, hot painful initially and cold, senseless in later stages, Crepitating sounds on pressing the swelling and death with in 12-45 hours. Treatment trails indicated that Oxytetracyline (Terramycine L.A., 20 mg/kg body weight) and Amoxicilline (clamoxyl L.A., 15mg per kg body weight) both proved 95% effective. Recoery period in Oxytetracycline treated group was in the range of 18 to 72 hours while in amoxicillin treated group it was with in the range of 18 to 54 hours. Death in untreated group occurred with in the rang of 12 to 45 hours. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0248,T] (1).

18. Comparative Efficacy Of Tryupanocidal Drugs And Their Effects On Some Blood Parameters In Equine Trypanosomiasis

by Noor Ahmed Khan | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Muhammed Athar Khan | Naeem Ullah | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Trypanosomiasis causes great losses in equines, if not treated properly. This study was planned to determine the prevalence and treatment of T.evansi infection with different drugs in equines in and around Lahore. The effect of drugs on DLC and haemoglobin was also determined. For this purpose 350 healthy and suspected horses were examined. Thirty positive cases were divided into 3 equal groups. Two groups were served with two different trials, and 3rd group was kept as untreated infected control. A 4th group was kept as non-infected and untreated control. All the animals were examined at regular intervals for the presence or absence of parasites post-treatment. The DLC and haemoglobin contents were recorded just before and on day 21 post-treatment. The data so obtained was analysed statistically and results were made as under. 1) Prevalence Out of 350 horses, 37 were positive to T.evansi. The prevalence was 10.57 percent. 2) Efficacy The Suramin (Naganol Bayer) was 70% Trypanocidal on day 0 and 100Z on day 10 and 21 post treatment; while the Quinapyrainine (Trypacide N & B) was 80% effective on day 5 and 100% on day 10 and 21 post treatment. 3) DLC Harked Neutropenia with lymphocytosis was observed before tree tinent. The average values of Neutrophils were 42.5 ± 0.65.. 42.6 ± 0.61, 42.7 .± 0.65 and 61.4 .± 0.48 in the 4 groups respectively. The reduction in Neutrophils and increase in lymphocytes was 30.62% and 69.96%. On day 21 after treatment Neutrophil and lymphocyte count became 61.8 ± 0.41 and 55.1 .± 0.56 in group I and II respectively; while the group III and IV revealed no difference in their count. There was 35% increase in Eosinophils of group I, II and III before treatment, the average being 5.6 ± 0.26, 5.2 ± 0.24 and 5.4 ± 0.27 respectively: while the group IV possessed 4.00 ± 0.23% neutrophils. The eosjnophjlja tended to become normal with 29.63% decrease, average being 3.9 ± 0.4 and 3.7± 0.56 in group I and II respectively) on day 21 post-treatment; while this count remained nearly the same in group IV on same day. The Basophil count remained unchanged before and - after treatment in all the 4 groups. The average values on day 0 were 1.7 ± 0.17, 1.5 ± 0.17, 1.2 ± 0.16 and 1. 1 ± 0. 16 and on day 21 1.6 ± 0. 16, 1.1 ± 0.16, 1.5 ± 0.17 and 1.6 ± 0.2 for group I, II, III and IV respectively. 4) Haemoglobin There was 38. 78% decrease in haemoglobin content in infected animals. The average values raised up after treatment from 6.03 ± 0.17 and 6.21 ± 0.13 to 8.24 ± 015 and 7.22 ± 0.19 with Suramin (Naganol Bayer) and Trypacide N & B respectively. Suramin (Naganol Bayer) was significantly better than Trypacide N & B in that respect. There was 15.29% decrease in group III after 21 days. The haemoglobin values of group IV remained unchanged. 5) Side Effects The 40% horses treated with Suramin (Naganol Bayer) revealed signs of hypersensitivity. The 50% of animals treated with Trypacide N & B developed oedemas. at the site of injection. Note: Quinapyraroine (Trypacide N & B) was concluded to be the drug of choice for equine Trypanosomiasis. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0282,T] (1).

19. Comparative Efficacy Of Trypanocidal Drugs And Their Effects On Some Blood Parameters I Camels Naturally Infected With Surra

by Farrukh Jamal Nizami | Muhammed Afzal | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Trypanosomiasis in camels caused by Trypanosoma evansi results in great economic losses if not treated properly. The present study had been designed to find out the prevalence and treatment of Trypanosoma evansi infection by using Naganol (sayer) and Trypacide (M & B) in camels in District Layyah. The effects of the infection and drugs on differential leukolyte count (DLC), Haemoglobin (HB) Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Erythrocytic Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Total Serum protein were also estimated. For this purpose 1000 suspected camels were examined and 75 (7.5%) were found positive for Trypanosoma evansi infection. Out of these, 45 positive cases were randomly divided into 3 equal groups comprising 15 animals each. Two of the groups were served with two different drug trials, and the 3rd group was kept as untreated infected control. While a 4th group of 15 camels was kept as non-infected and untreated control. The results of all the aforesaid blood parameters were recorded just before and on day 21 post-treatment. The data so obtained was analysed and results were made as follows. Out of 1000 camels, 75 were found to be harbouring the Trypanosoma evansi infection with a pevalence rate being 7.5 percent. Naganol (Bayer) was found to be 60% Trypanocidal on day 5 and 100% on day 10 and 21 post treatment. Trypacide (M & B) was found to be 53% Trypanocidal on day 5 and 80% on day 10 and 21 post treatment. There was marked Neutropenia with lymphocytosis before the treatment in infected versus non infected ones. The average values of Neutrophils were 38+0.62, 39±0.02, 36±0.47 and 52j0.48 in the 4 groups respectively. But on day 21 after treatment, the number of neutrophils increased in group Nos. I and II with n average of 51±0.33 and 49±1.41 while the group No. Ill and IV revealed no difference in their count. The mean values of lymphocytes prior to and after the treatment were 51±0.33, 52±0.71, 56±0.46 and 41±0.36, 42±0.40, 45.3±1.09, 56±0.46 and 39±0.23 respectively. There was 41 .66% increase in Eosinophils of group I, II and Ill before the treatment, the average being 7±0.22, 50.48 and 5±0.48 respectively, while the group No. IV possessed 4+0.19% neutrophils. The Eosinophilia tended to become normal with 33.33% decrease, average being 4+0.40 and 3+0.45 in group No. I and II respectively on day 21 post treatment; while the neutrophils count remained nearly the same in group No Ill and IV average being 6+0.24 and 4+0.19 respectively on day 21 post treatment. The Basophils and Monocytes Count remained unchanged before and after the treatment in all the 4 groups. Haemoglobin(Hb) and Packed Cell Viume (PCV) showed decrease on day 0, but Erythrocytic Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Total Serum Protein were increased on day 0 in case of positive camels. On day 21 post treatment with Naganol (Bayer) and Trypacide (M & B), Haemoglobin (HB) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were increased in group Nos I and II. Whereas Erythrocytic Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Total Serum Protein level were decreased on day 21 post treatment in the same groups. On the other hand the values remained unchanged in group No. IV. (Noninfected, untreated control). Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0283,T] (1).

20. A Study On The Taxonomy & Prevalence Of The Species Of Genus Ancylostoma & Effects On Natural Infections On Various

by Kamran Ashraf | Mubasher Saeed Mian | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Ancylostomes (Hookworms) in dogs, taxonomy of the species of the Genus Ancylostoina and their effects on various blood parameters of the infected canines. For above purpose, samples were collected from dog hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences and different pet clinics in the city. Faecal and blood samples were stored in the refrigerator, of Parasitology Laboratory. Only those dogs which had high prevalerit in Ancylostomes were examined by different faecal examination methods, were selected to get mature ancylostomes, after killing the dogs. Preservation and staining of Ancylostimes was carried out by adopting the prescribed methods. The taxonomy of the species of the genus Ancylostoma was studied with the help of keys. The collective over all prevalence of different types of Ancylostomes recorded in stray and pet dogs was 28%. The species of Ancylostomes identified in our area were: Ancylostoina Caninum, Ancylostoma braziliense and Ancylostoma duodene1e. The percentage of the above mentioned species were 100%, 33% and 2.5% respectively. Blood of infected dogs were exposed to various haematological studies including Hb estimation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total serum protien level (TSP) and differential leukocyte count (DLC). liaematological examinations were made to compare the blood picture of healthy and infected dogs. For this purpose 20 blood samples each from healthy and infected dogs were examined. The results of haematological examination showed a significant decrease in haemoglobin estimation total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and total serum protien level, whereas a significant increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and differential leukocyte counts, like neutrophils, eosinophils and very little increase in basophils were also seen. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0284,T] (1).

21. Epidemiological Aspects And Treatment Trials On Haemoglobinuria In Buffaloes And Cows In District Vehari

by Shahid Pervez | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Muhammed sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Epidomiological survey revealed that parturient haemoglobinuria was prevalent through out Vehari district. The prevalence of this problem was greater in buffaloes (3.12%) than cattle (0.5%). The disease mostly occured from 2 to 4 weeks after parturition. Incidences were high during Winter as compared to Summer season High milk producing buffaloes were more susceptible. Case fatality rate in bufffaloes was 48.25% while in cattle 38.46% Over all case fatality rate in buffaloes and cattle was 47.43%. Incidences were higher where management was poor Economic losses due to parturient haernoglobinuria were 13% based on total losses of common livestock diseases in buffaloes and cattle in District Vehari Treatment trials of Sodium acid phosphate (Merk) 2mg/kg body weight, (60gm/animal), Cal-D-Mag (Pfizer) at the rate of 300 ml per animal and 5% Saline Dextrose (MediPak) 1000 ml per animal were conducted during the study. Three groups were organized comprising 20 animals each .Recovery percentage of Sodium acid phosphate, Cal-D-Mag and Saline Dextrose were 85%,35% and 0% respectively. Severity and recovery were calculated before treatment and after every 24 hour interval of the treatment till the recovery/death of the animal Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0291,T] (1).

22. Anthelmentic Efficacy Of Nigellia Setiva Seeds (Kalwanji) Albendazole, Fenbendazole And Oxpendazole Against Gastro-Intestinal Nematodes In Goat

by Akmer Junid, M | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Khalid Saeed | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The present project was designed to test the Antheimentic efficacy of Nigellia Setiva Seeds (Kalanji) at different dosage levels against nematodes in goats. During the first phase of study ant helmentic efficacy of Nigeilia Setiva Seeds (Powder) was tested at different dosage levels but anthelmentic efficacy was not observed at the dosage levels ranging from 20 mg to 5gm/kg body weight, it was concluded in the first phase of study that Nigellia Setiva Seeds has no Anthelmentic efficacy against G.I.T. nematodes in goats. During the second phase of this project clinical trials were conducted to test the anthelmentic efficacy of Nigellia Setiva Seeds (Kaiwanji), Oxfendazole (Systanex) Albendazole (Valbazene) and Fenben- dazole (Panacur) against the G.1.T. nematode infection in goat under field conditions. Result of Second experiment support the zero percent anthelmentic efficacy of NigeIlia Setiva Seeds (Powder) at the dosage level of 1 gm/kg body weight in goats. Anthelmentic efficacy of oxfendazole (4,5 mg/kg), albendazole (5mg/kg) and fenbendazole (50mg/kg) was observed to be 100%, 98.45% and 97.99% respectively against G.I.T. nematodes infection in goats. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0292,T] (1).

23. Epidemiological Investigation And Economic Losses Due To Hydropericardium Syndrome In Layer And Parent Flock In Distt. Lahore

by Tariq Javed | Muhammed Athar Khan | Muhammed | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Hydropericardium Syndrome (HPS) a newly emerged disease in poultry industry of Pakistan. The present study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology and economic losses due to HPS among commercial layer and broiler breeder flocks in Lahore district. A pre-designed proforma was used to collect the data from each farmer related to morbidity, mortality, feed brand, vaccine source, vaccination schedule, susceptable age and economic losses. Among the 41 commercial layer farms and 11 brioler breeder farms, 16 and 9 were affected with hydropericardium syndrome. The average mortality rate was 8.7% and 10.7% in commercial layers and brioler breeders respectively. Susceptibility of hydropericardium syndrome varied in different age groups in both commercial layer and brioler breeders from 3rd to 20th weeks of age and from 2nd to 14th weeks of age respectively. Vaccination against hydropericardiuni syndrome provided partial and/or no protection when inoculated either before infection or after the onset of clinical signs. Due to hydropericardium syndrome the mortality rate was higher in summer as compared to winter. Mortality was 11.5% im summer months and 6.4% in winter months in commercial layer. In broiler breeder mortality was 16.83% in summer months and 6.36% in winter months. Economic losses due to HPS was 0.35 million ruppees in 16 affected commercial layer farms maintaining 0.1 million birds and 2 million rupees in 9 affected broiler breeder farms maintaining 0.25 million birds between March 1991 to February 1992. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0295,T] (1).

24. Epidemiological Investigations And Economic Losses Of Camel Diseases In District Rajanpur

by Ayub, M | Muhammed Athar Khan | Muhammed Sarwer khan | Rashid Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: An epidemiological investigation was conducted to study the prevalence (Morbidity & Mortality) and economic importance of major/various camel diseases of district Rajan Pur. Out of a total number of 183 villages of Tehsil Rajan Pur, 10 % villages were randomly selected. The data on various camel diseases of preceding one year was collected and recorded on prescribed proforma designed particularly after directly interviewing the farmer. The blood samples of surra suspected animals were collected and serum samples were submitted to laboratory of medicine section, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. In pursuance of present study, the data was analysed statistically and conclusions drawn were as under. Morbidity rates of various diseases were as under. Colic 0.67%., Diarrhoea 2.91%., Fractures 0.22%., Kapali 0.44%., Mange 52.24%. Paralysis 0.44%., Pneumonia 8.96%., Rheumatism 2.69%., Reproductive diseases 5.82%., Surra 12.55%., Sudden death 0.44%. and Wounds & tbsceses 3.81%. Mortality and case fatality rates were; Diarrhoea (0.22%. & 7.69%.), Kapali (0.44%. & 100%.), Mange (12.33%. & 23.60%.) Paralysis (0.44%. & 100%.), Pneumonia (1.56%. & 17.5%.) Rheumatism (0.22%. & 8.33%.), Reproductive diseases(0.67% and 11.53%.), Surra (5.38%. & 42.85%.), Sudden death (0.44%. & 100%.) and wounds and Abscesses (0.22%. & 5.88%.) respectively. Economic losses incurred due to various camel diseases in District Rajanpur during the year 1991-92 were a Colic (Rs.2250.00), Diarrhoea (Rs..23040.00), Fracture (Rs..3390.00), Kapali (Rs.18000.00), Mange (Rs.589200.00), Paralysis (Rs.11000.00), Pneumonia (Rs.74700.00), Rheumatism (Rs.25195.00), Reproductive diseases (Rs.340420.00), Surra (Rs.275440.00), Sudden death (Rs.17000.00) and Wounds & Abscesses (Rs.25760.00). Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0296,T] (1).

25. A Study Of Intestinal Nematodes With Taxonomy Of The Species Of Genus Trichostrongylus In Sheep In District Bahawalpur

by Afzal, M | Mubasher Saeed Mian | Asiif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Study of intestinal nernatodes with taxonomy of the species of genus Trichostmngyjs in sheep in district Bahawalpur was conducted. For this purpose two hundred guts of' sheep were collected from Bahawalpur Abattoir aid adjacent areas of' Cholistan. The study was conducted from January, 1992 to April, 1 992. The parasites were recovered by sedimentation and Sieving method performed at Divisional Diagnostic Laboratory l3ahawalpur. Parasites were identified directly under microscope by preparing lwrmancllt mounts in the Parasitology Section, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. The overall incidences of gastro- intestinal nematodes was 63% in sheep. The species of nematodes observed during the study were: Oesophagostomum venulosum 62% Oesophagostomum clumbianum 52% Trichuris ovis 38.5% Trichuris globulosa 24% Nematodirus spathiger : 25% Haemonochus contortus: 14% Trichostrongylus colubriformis: 24% Trichostrongylus axei: 13.5% Monthwise prevalence of nematodes infection was also carried out and it was observed that the highest infection rate was 84% during the months of April and 68% during the month of March. In February the infection was 56%. The lowest incidence was recorded as 44% during the month of January. The taxonomy of the species of genus lrichostrongyjis was studied. Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus axei Species were identified. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0299,T] (1).

26. A Study Of Blood Parameters And Comparative Efficacy Of Different Fasciolicidal Drugs Against Faiscioliasis

by Atif Nazir haji | Khalid Pervaiz | Mubasher | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: A study was conducted to find out the haematological changes, total serum protein and relative efficacy of three drugs i.e. Fasinex (Ciba Giegy), Trodax (May & Baker) and Valbazen (S.K&B) against fascioliasis in naturally infected goats. The study was made from zero to 21st days in October-November, 1992. Flaematological changes were observed after examining the total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, differential leucocyte count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin estimation and total serum protein of 40 naturally infected goats in Gujranwala district. It was concluded that there was,a drop in erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration in the infected goats and a normocytic normochrornic type of anemia was detected. The study of differential leucocyte count revealed that there was marked eosinophilia with slight decrease in neutrophils and slight increase in lymphocyte count in the infected goats. Besides this, it was also noticed and recorded that there was also decrease in the total serum protein level of the same 40 infected goats which were naturally infected with fascioliasis. These goats were divided into four groups 'A', '13', 'C' and 'D' of 10 animals each for the study of the efficacy of three antifascioliatic drugs (Fasinex, Trodax, and Valbazen) at manufacturer's recommended dose rates after wards. Three groups (A, B & C) was given a separate drug on the zero day and the fourth group (D Group) was left untreated as a control. The efficacies recorded were 94.59% and 81.08% and 80.55 for Fasinex, Trodax and Valbazen respectively. The data were analysed statistically by applying the statistical technique two factors Randomized complete Block Design and least significant difference test. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0303,T] (1).

27. Drug Traisl On Escherichia Coli Isolated From Broilers

by Khaliq Shafi | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Pakistan is basically an Agricultural country whose economy largely hinges upon its animal wealth. Poultry industry which Is recognized as one of the major emerging fields In the country is confronting with many a baffling malady which often leave the Industry at a growing disadvantage. Escherichla coil, one of the most abundantly Incriminated organism in avian ailments, is reckoned to be one of the major culprits that wreaks havoc on the steeply proliferating poultry industry. The present project made an effort to study the efficacy of different drugs on various prevalant strains of E. coll isolated from broilers that were submitted for postmortem at V.R.I. and C.V.S. Lahore. Twelve different antibacterial drugs which Included doxycycline, Inoxyl, oxytertracycline, ampicillin, colistin, trimethoprim, flumequlne, furazolidone, tylosin, furadantin clamoxyl and gentamicin were used to observe the sensitivity of the isolates. In-vitro gentamicin, -flumequine, inoxyl and clamoxyl emerged as drugs of choice in order of their decreasing importance in this experiment. The pathogenicity of the isolated strains was tested In Swiss white mice. After viable count, ten mice were injected intraperltonenily with the suspension of the Isolated strain at a dose rate of 0.25 ml having 3x10'8 bacteria while ten mice were kept as controls. The four best drugs were further tested for their efficiency in protecting the birds from E. coil infection. A total of 180 birds reared upto four weeks of age were divided into six groups viz. A to F, each consisting of 30 birds. Group A was kept as uninfected and untreated while to the group B infection was given but no treatment. The remaining groups I .e. C, 0, E and F after infection were treated with Inoxyl, gentamicin, clamoxyl and fiuinequine respectively. All the groups were kept under close observation and their mortality and feed efficiency was recorded. Maximum mortality was recorded in group B i.e. 54.5'l% while in the group C, 0, E and F the mortality recorded was 25%, 42.85%, 40.90% and 27.77% respectively. According to this trial Inoxyl afforded maximum protection against the Infection and proved best In relation to F.C.R. Flumequlne stood in second in the list while clamoxyl was next best drug in furnishing protection against the Infection whereas gentamicin was the least best drug in this regard. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0305,T] (1).

28. Effect Of Trypanosomiasis On Various Blood Components And Its Correlation With The Antemortem Examination Of The Camels

by Abdur Rauf | Muhammed Athar Khan | manzoor | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Trypanosomiasis in camels caused by trypanosoma evansi occurs in both acute and chronic forms. In chronic forms huge production losses occur, i.e. lower milk and meat yeilds. The present study has been designed to find out the incidence of the disease, estimation of blood, protein, glucose, total erythrocytic count, total leukocytic count, differential leukocytic count and its correlation with the antemortem examination of the camels, which will eventually lead to the control of trypanosomiasis. For the incidence, blood samples were collected from Lahore abattoir and the confirmed by making smears staind with linera stain. Out of 500 samples 31 were proved to be positive (6.20%). Haematology showed significant difference regarding its comparison with the normal averages, except eosinophils. The average values of total blood protein, total glucose, total erythrocytic count, total leukocytic count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils were found to be as 8.96 gni/lOO ml, 30.91 mg/100 ml, 6.54 millions/micro, lit, 14.29 thousands/micro. lit, 31.77%, 63.4%, 1.84%, 1.29% and 1.03 respectively. The correlation of antemortem examination with the laboratory finding of total erythrocytic count, total leukocytic count, differential leukocytic count, total protein and total glucose showed increase of blood glucose lymphocytes and total leukocytic count and decrease in total erythrocytic count, Neutrophils, and total protein with different ranges of temperature pulse, respiration, body condition and hump state. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0306,T] (1).

29. Efficacy Of Albendazole Against Fascioliosis And Its Effects On Sgot, Sgpt And Serum Bilirubin In Buffaloes

by Dilshad Hussain | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Manzoor | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Fascioliasis causes great losses in buffaloes, if not treated. This study was designed to determine the efficacy of an anthelmintic, albendazole against the disease. The effects of the drug on serum bilirubin, SOOT and SGPT were also determined. For this purpose, 250 suspected buffaloes were selected and out of which forty positive cases having EPG above 200 were taken as infected group. The infected group was further divided into two equal groups C and D. Group C served as infected untreated control and group D was treated with albendazole. Similarly, forty healthy animals were divided into two equal groups A and B. The group A served as healthy untreated control while group B was treated with albendazole. All the animals were examined on zero day, 7th day and 14th day for the SOOT, SGPT and serum bilirubin. The ova counts per gram of faeces was performed only in infected groups on zero day, 7th day and 14th day. Albendazole (Valbazen - SK&F) was 49.2 % effective on 7th day post-medication and 84.2 % effective on 14th day post- medication. The drug had no effect on SGOT, SGPT and serum bilirubin in healthy animals which indicated that it was non toxic at its terapeutic dosage level of 10 mg/kg body weight. The drug had positive effect on SGOT,SGPT and serum bilirubin through lowering their levels in infected animals on 7th day and 14th day post-medication at dosage rate of 10 mg/kg body weight. No side effects were observed in any animals during the experiment. Hence, albendazole (Valbazen) was concluded to be the effective and safe drug against fascioliasis in buffaloes at its therapeutic dosage level of 10 mg/kg body weight. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0318,T] (1).

30. Efficacy Of Different Ionophorus Antibiotics Against Coccidiosis In Poultry

by Shafique Butt, M | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Two hundred day old broiler chicks were purchased from a local hatchery and reared up to four weeks of age in hygienic conditions. After four weeks of age, chicks were divided randomly into four groups. Group A was kept as control, group B as infected non treated, group C as monensin treated and group D as salinomycin treated. After four weeks of age, chicks of group B,. C and D were infected with mixed infection of avian Eimeria species, while group A was kept as control. Signs and symptoms of coccidiosis appeared after seven days of infection. After appearance of signs and symptoms the birds of group C and D were treated with monensin and salinomycin. The effect of medication on feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality, oocyst count and dressing percentage were recorded weekly upto 7 week of age. There was significant difference (p<O.05) of feed intake between group B, C and D. Maximum feed intake was in group B, followed by group A, D and C respectively. Weight gain was maximum of group A followed by group B, D and group C respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of control group A was better than all other groups while feed conversion ratio of group B (infected nontreated) was poor than all other groups. Oocysts count was zero after six days of medication in group C (monensin treated) while it was zero after eight days of treatment in group D (salinomycin treated). Oocyst count was 120,000 oocysts/gm of faeces in group B (infected nontreated) after 49 days of age. While it remained zero through out the experiment in control group (group A). Mortality was maximum (33.50%) in group B (infected non treated) followed by in group D (10.22%) and group C (6.77%) respectively. While mortality remained zero in group A (control). Dressing percentage was better in group A (69.39%) followed by group D (65.30%), group C (63.07%) and group B (60.01%) respectively. Observing the effects of monensin and salinomycin on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality, oocysts count and dressing percentage in experimentally infected (coccidiosis) chickens, it was concluded that monensin has comparatively better results than salinomycin. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0319,T] (1).

31. Chemotherapy Of Fascioliosis With Nitroxynil And Estimation Of Serum Bilirubin & Sgot Levels In Sheep And and Goats

by Ayaz Wazir, Malik | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Fascioliasis is one of the major economically important diseases affecting a mass population of sheep and goats in Pakistan. The present study was designed to find out the prevalence of fascioliasis in N.W.F.P., and the serum bilirubin and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activities in sheep and goats before and after treatment with Nitroxynil. In this study out of 240 sheep and 360 goats forty sheep (16.667.) and forty goats (11.117.) were found positive for fascioliasis, by applying direct smear and zinc sulphate floatation technique. The eggs per gram of faeces were done by Mc Master eggs counting technique. Serum samples of forty sheep and forty goats positive for fascioliasis and twenty sheep and twenty goats negative for the same were examined for bilirubin and SGOT activities before & after medication with Nitroxynil with a dose rate of 1 ml/20 kg body weight, sub cutaneously. The drug was highly effective in all the infected groups of the animals in eradication of fascioliasis. The efficacy of the drug in the form of the eggs per gram of faeces count was determined and was recorded as 83.907. in sheep and 85.977. in goats. The mean serum bilirubin value of group "C6" was 0.24 mg/dl, which raised to 0.61 mg/dl, in group "A and to 1.19 mg/di in group "Be". Serum Bilirubin levels of group "Co" was 0.25 mg/dl at day zero while it was 0.69 mg/dl in group "Ag" and 1.09 mg/dl in group "Eg" animals on the same day. The mean serum bilirubin values of group "C5 and Cg" remained unchanged after 14 days of treatment, while these values were 0.33 mg/dl and 0.33 mg/di in groups "As & Ag" respectively, after 14-days of medication. Similarly in groups "Ba & 8g" the reduction in serum bilirubin after 14- days post treatment also occured and the mean values were recorded as 0.62 mg/di and 0.52 mg/dl respectively. Pre-medication mean serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activities in group "C5 and Cg" were 40.14 units/mi and 40.15 units/mi respectively. The level of SOOT in these groups remained unchanged after medication, while serum 60T values were 86.95 units/mi and 80.77 units/mi in group "As and AQ" and were 96.75 units/mi and 106.27 units/mi in group "B5 and Bg" respectively, before treatment. After 14 days of treatment with Nitroxynii the SOOT values of the above groups were significantly reduced, and the values recorded were 70.00 and 54.89 units/mi in "A5 and Ag" and 75.47 and 57.88 units/mi in group "Be, Bg" respectively. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0328,T] (1).

32. The Efficacy Of Ivomec Injection, A Broad Spectrum Anthelmintic, Against Gastro-Intestinal Nematodes & Lung Work In Sheep

by Karamat Ullah | Muhammed sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Mubasher | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: A study was conducted to find outs the efficacy of a newly introduced, ((in Pakistan ) broad-spectrum anthelminitic injection i.e. ivomec (ivermactin H.S.D. Agvet) against the naturally infected sheep in District Guiranwala, Which were very heavily infected with G.I.T. nemtodes and lung worms. The animals were emaciated, in Diarrhoe-al condition, rough wool coat and with cough. (confirmed by feacel egg and larval count examinations). In total 90 sheep were rendemly selected for this study. They were divided into three equal group each containing 30 animals namely A, B. & C. (Group A positive for G.I.T. nematode infection, group B positive for lung worm infection and group C kept as non-medicated infected control). Group C was further divided into group C1, kept as control against the nematode infected group & Group C2 kept as control against the lung worms infected group. The drug was used according to the manufacturer recommended dosage i.e. 0.2 mg/kg body weight injection by sub-contaneous route. The drug revealed a high efficacy (100%) against the G.I.T. nematodes and lung' worm infection. The egg counting and larval of lung worms counting was performed on the 0, 3rd, 7th and 10 day of the treatment. The E.P.G. and larval count was 0 at 3rd, 7th and 10th day of treatment which indicated that this drug was 100% effective against- G.I.T. nematodes and lung worms. A 0.75 kg weight gain was seen in the treated groups while animals of control groups reduced weight. No side effects of medicine were recorded during the experiment. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0329,T] (1).

33. Effect Of Milk Fever On Serum Calcium, Phosphorus And L.D.H. In Cattle And Buffaloes

by Saeed, M | Muhammed sarwer Khan | Muhammed Younas Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: In this study affect of milk fever was investigated on serum creatine phospholinase (C .P .K.) and lactic dehdrogenase (L .D .H). The experiments were performed on 50 cows/buffaloes affect with this disease. 50 healthy animals were also investigated as a control group. Blood samples were collected directly from the diseased animals. Serum was separated from the blood by the method of centrifugation at the rate of 3000 r.p.m - The serum samples were stored at -20oC in the freezer. The analysis were done by the help of special kits and spectrophotometer. This whole work of analysis was performed in the medicine laboratory at college of veterinary Sciences Lahore. The results of diseased and healthy animals were calculated. This research shows that during the milk fever the calcium level becomes low than the normal. The serum creatine phosphokinase (C.P.K) and Lactic dehydrogenase (L.D.H) are two body enzymes. The activity of these enzymes was elevated than the normal. The mean value of the calcium in 50 diseased animals was 4.90 mg/dl (Which is low than normal). the mean value of the serum enzyme creatine phosphokinase (CP.K) was 306.54 u/i (Which is high than the normal) . The mean value of serum enzyme lactic dehydrogenase (L.D.H) was 1890.42 (which is high than normal. It was investigated to see the effect of hypocalcemia on two body enzymes the C.P.K and L.D.H. At the end of the study of this research the laboratory data shows that ultimately thre is an elevation in the activities of the said enzymes. Which is a great investigation for the diagnostic data of the milk fever. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0330,T] (1).

34. Epidemiological Investigation Into Economically Important Livestock Diseases In District Murdan

by Ibrahim, M | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Mubasher | Muhammed Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: An active surveillance was conducted in Tehsil Mardan. The data was collected by a Survey on the basis of comprehensive questionnaire through personal interview of livestock owners at their places. In pursuance of the present study the data was analysed and the main conclusions drawn were as under. The incidence, mortality and fatality rates due to H.S. were in young buffaloes 10.89% 10.39% and 95.45% respectively. In adult buffaloes were 5.92%, 4.24% and 71 .73% respectively. The incidence, mortality and fatality rates in young cattle were 2.45%, 2.30%, 93.75% respectively. While in adult cattle it was 1 .28%, 0.64% and 50% respectively. The Mortality rates of various diseases were as Black quarter disease 0.61% in Young and 0.88% in adult cattle. Haemoglobinurea in buffalo 0.32% and in cows 0.10% Diarrhoea in Buffalo 0.14% and in cattle was 0.21%, while diarrhoea in sheep 1.59% and in goats 1.12% post-parturient prolapse in buffalo 0.65% and 0.20% in cows. In case of foot and mouth disease in young buffaloes incidence was 14.52% and in adult 15.05%. In cattle incidence was 15.33% in young and in adult 13.97%. The incidence of mastitis in buffaloes, cattle and goats were 3.60% 2.51% and 2.65% respectively. In case of milk fever the incidence in buffaloes was 2.78% and 0.70% in cows. Similarly, the incidence in case of preparturient prolapse was 3.92% and 1 .30% respectively. The incidence of abortion in buffaloes and cattle was 1.14% and 1.20% respectively, while in case of sheep and goats it was 1 .84% and 2.65% respectively. In case of Enterotoxaemia in young goat the morbidity, mortality and fatality rates were 8.56% 7.37% and 86.00% respectively. In adult goats 6.99%, 5.54% and 79.31% respectively. In case of young sheep incidence, mortality and fatality rates were 5.62%, 5.29% and 94.11%, while in adult sheep it was8.83%, 6.41% and 72.51% respectively. A monetary toss of Rs. 9,44,992/- was estimated annually in buffaloes, cattle sheep and goats due to various diseases in surveyed area in District Mardan. It was evident from the information gathered from the respondents that the livestock owners residing at distant places from a veterinary Hospital were not able to utilize the hospital facilities properly. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0334,T] (1).

35. Efficacy Of Ivermectin Against Ecto & Endo Parasites In Equine

by Hameed, A | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The project was designed to find out the efficacy of ivermectin against ecto. and endoparasites in equine. Fifty naturally infested equine were selected for treatment trials and divided into three groups i.e., A (endoparasites) 20 animals, B (ectoparasites) 20 animals and C (both endo. and ectoparasites) 10 animals. The comparative anthelmintic trials were conducted on 20 gastro-intestinal nernatodes infested animals of group A (A-i and A-2). 10 animals (group A-I) were medicated with Ivomec mi. (0.2 mg/kg body weight.) subcutaneously and 10 animals (group A-2) were administered with Rintal granulate (6 mg/kg body weight) orally in feed. The percentage efficacy was based on the reduction in number of egg discharged in faeces, post-medication. The percentage efficacy observed was 99.26% and 95.65% in the animals medicated with Ivomec inj. and Rintal granulate respectively on 14th day of post medication. The comparative acaricidal drug trials were conducted on 20 ectoparasitic infested equine of group B (B-i and 13-2). 10 animals (group B-i) were injected subcutaneously with Ivomec (0.2 mg/kg body weight) and 10 animals (group B-2) were once sprayed with Asuntol 0.1% solution. The cure percentage was determined on the basis of negative skin scraping samples on 14th day oF post- treatment. The cure percentage was 70% and 50% in the animals treated with ivomec inj. and Asuntol solution spray respectively. The efficacy of Ivomec subcutaneous injection (0.2 mg/kg body weight) was assessed in the 10 animals of group C infested with both G.I.T. nernatodes and ectoparasites. On the 14th day of postmedication the drug was l00% effective against G.I.T. nematodes and 80% against ectoparasites in equine. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0339,T] (1).

36. Efficacy Of Coxeva In Experimental Caecal Coccidiosis And Its Effects On Body Weight In Broiler Chicks

by Yaqub Malik, M | Mubasher Saeed Mian | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of anticoccidial drug coxeva (a mixture of 80% sulphadimidine and 8% diaveridine) and its effects on body weight, growth rate and feed convertion ratio were studied. For this purpose 120 day old broiler chicks were reared upto the age of 4 weeks. At the end of 4 weeks the birds were randomly divided into four groups A, B, C, and D, each group containing 30 chicks. The birds of each group were weighed. The group B, C and D were infected with 50,000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella. While the group A was left uninfected and kept as control on the 6th day after the appearance of clinical symptoms of caccal coccidiosis, the group C and D were medicated with coxeva (the group C for five continuous days and group D for three days on 2 days off three days on), the group B was left as infected control. The daily oocysts count per gram of faeces were taken upto the end of experiment which was zero in group C on 10th day and in group D on 13th day the oocysts were at their peak (5,20,000) on 15th day of inoculation. The body weight was recorded at the end of each week throughout the experiment which showed significant difference in group B and group A, C and D . The feed consumed by each group was recorded on daily basis and growth rate was recorded at the end of each week. The analysis of variance revealed significant difference in feed consumption and growth rate in group B and other groups. The feed conversion ratio was recorded for each group at the end of each week which showed non significant difference among group A, B, C and D. The drug was also evaluated for its modes of administration (continuousand intermittent) and found no significant difference in both modesof administration. The mortaility was recorded which was five birds (16%) in group B. The drug proved hundred percent effective against caecal cocidiosis in broiler chicks. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0345,T] (1).

37. Effect Of Experimentally Induced Coccidiosis On Some Blood Parameters And Its Treatment With Three New Anticoccidial Drugs In Broilers

by Arshad Latif Arshad | Dr. Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmed | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: One hundred and fifty day 01(1 broiler chicks were obtained from a local hatchery. They were reared upto day 26. All the birds were given feed having no coccicliostat. At the age of 26 clays the birds were divided into five groups A, B, C, D and E. The D and B were control groups. The test groups were infected with 75000 sporulated oocysts On 26th day of age, group D was infected and non medicated while group E was kept non infected and non medicated. The group A, B and C were treated with clopidol, monensin and salinomycin respectively after the appearance of clinical symptoms. The total oocyst counts in all groups on zero day of infection were nil and on 1st, 5th and 9th day of medication, groups A, B, C, D showed 25800, 20400, 23800, 197500 oocysts counts respectively, while group B examined nil being control non infected group. The mortalities observed in groups A, B, C, D and E were 6, 2, 3, 8 and nil while percent mortality was 20%, 6.66%, 10%, 26.66% and 0.00%. In treated groups, monensin showed least mortality. The feed intake and feed conversion of groups A, B and C were almost equal. While group D (infected and non medicated) was relatively poor. As far as group E (non infected and non medicated) is concerned it showed better results. In haematological studies the average values of haemoglobin levels, erythrocytic count and total serum protein were lower post infection as compared to the respective control group E (non infected and non medicated). The total leukocytic count was increased in all groups as compared to group E (non infected and non medicated). The differential leukocytic count, the lymphocyte decreased, heterophils and monocytes increased. The eosinophils and basophils showed variation in their number. The study showed efficacy of Monensin, Salinomycin and Clopidol in descending order respectively. Monensin was to be drug of choice against coccidiosis. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0428,T] (1).

38. A Study On Clinico Serilogical Observations By Experimental Aflatoxicosis In Quails

by Mahmood Farooq Qureshi | Dr. Muhammed Athar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: In this project the effect of orally administered aflatoxin in feed was observed in quails. Clinicopathological picture was recorded and serum levels in tile liver and intestines of the quails were tested. At the fifth week of age healthy quails in groups A, B, C and D were given feed containing aflatoxin at a rate of 20 PPM, 40 PPM, 60 PPM and zero PPM (control group) respectively. The average (four weeks) mortality rate for groups A, B, C, and D was 21.53%, 44.80%, 54.03% and 0.07% respectively. The average four weeks case fatality rate for group A, B, C and 0 was 82.15%, 90%, 70.33% and 87.50% respectively. The average four weeks aflatoxin level in the intestinal contents was 9.09 PPM, 10.02 PPM, 11.31 PPM and 3.67 PPM in group A, B, C, and 0 respectively. The various levels of aflatoxin in the liver during the four week averaged 0.06 PPM, 5.19 PPM, 16.57 PPM and 0.05 PPM in group A, B, C and O respectively. The various levels of aflatoxin in the serum, were a four week average of 0.11 PPM, 3.69 PPM, 12.44 PPM and zero PPM in group A, B, C, and 0 respectively. The clinical signs mainifested the birds were ruffled feathers, gathering in the corners of the case, drowsiness, whitish to yellow dilcoloration of eyes, cynchitis, watery discharge from the eyes and nostrils, loose yellowish-white faeces. irregular movement with nervous signs, stiffness of the joints and dehydration. The necropsy findings were enlarged liver, gastro-entertis and petechial haemorrhages on the amasal ad serosal part of the body, deposition of a yellowish white fluid in the abdominal and thoracic cavity. There wa also pen cardial fluId and asciise in the body. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0495,T] (1).

39. Relationship Between Luve Body Weight And Body Measurements In Beetal Goats.

by Muhammed Iqbal | Khalid javaid | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: The present study was conducted at Small Ruminants Training and Research Centre, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus Pattoki. The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between live body weight and body measurements in Beetal goats. The goats were arranged in five age groups, A= 0-6 months, B 7-12 months, C = 13-18 months, D= 19-24 months & E> above 24 months. Group A, B and E were further divide into sub group (Male and Female), where as group C and D comprised of females only. Body weights of goats were taken using plate form weighing scale & measurements of body length, height at wither, heart girth, rump and forehead with the help of measuring tape graduated with inches. Data consisted of on 902 observations on goats of different age groups. The mean body weight (kg) of Beetal goat in five age groups ( 0-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-24 and above 24 months of age) was observed as 7.19±4.197, 6.57±3.54 (female), 7.58±4.54 (male), 21.01±5.07, 22.0±4.13 (female), 11.73±3.39 (male), 27.16±3.94, 38.14±5.78, 49.59±9.85, 45.94±6.81 (female) and 62.38±8.21 kg (male), respectively. The body length (inches), of Beetal goat recorded in these age groups was found to be 15.81±2.68, 15.68±2.48 (female), 16.16±2.80 (male), 23.95±2.60 (overall), 24.5±2.03 (female), 18.90±1.87 (male), 26.60±1.35, 29.68±1.34, 3 1.58±0.73 inches, 30.86±1.11 (females) and 34.13±1.73 (male). The mean height at withers (inches) in Beetal goat in five age groups was noted to be 17.50±2.60, 17.18±2.40 (female), 17.72±2.72 (male), 25.76±2.72, 26.34±2.04 (female), 20.24±2.07 (male), 28.34±1.32, 31.02±1.43, 32.42±0.82, 31.52±1.11 (females) and 35.60±1.61 (male) inches respectively. The mean heart girth (inches) in Beetal goat in these age groups was recorded to be 16.36±2.70, 16.02±2.44 (female), 16.58±2.86 (male), 24.25±2.66, 24.78±2.02 (female), 16.36±1.82 (male), 26.93±1.41, 30.32±1.63, 32.73±.87, 31.93±1.71 (females) and 35.60±1.28 (male) respectively. The mean rump (inches) for all five age groups was 2.70±0.92 inches, 2.67±0.51 (female), 2.70±0.53 (male), 4.74±0.63, 4.80±0.45 (female), 3.43±0.41 (male), 5.27±1.47, 5.80±0.40, 6.36±0.24; 6.18±0.47 (females) and 7.04±0.60, (male) respectively, while the mean forehead (inches) for all five ages group was 2.10±0.26, 2.11±0.28 (female), 2.10±0.26 (male), 2.97±0.30, 3.07±0.26 (female), 2.50±0.35 (male), 3.18±1.26, 3.43±0.20, 3.66±0.3 8, 3.46±0.13 inches (females) and 4.33±0.33 (male) respectively. The correlation between body weight and body length, height at withers, heart girth, rump and forehead for group A were 0.969, 0.962, 0.964, 0.856 and 0.878 respectively, for female was 0.965, 0.645, 0.971, 0.830 and 0.918 respectively, while for male were 0.972, 0.967, 0.962, 0.877 and 0.882, respectively. For group B the correlation between body weight and body length, height at withers, heart girth, rump and forehead were 0.928, 0.869, 0.911, 0.828 and 0.653 respectively. Correlations for females were 0.888, 0.781, 0.857, 0.725 and 0.653 respectively, while for males were 0.857, 0.897, 0.887, 0.63 1 and 0.642, respectively. The correlations for group C were 0.805, 0.766, 0.767, 0.088 and 0.229 respectively. For group D 0.782, 0.575, 0.749, 0.94 and 0. 435, respectively. The correlation for group E were 0.844, 0.753, 0.86, 0.70 and 0.61, respectively, for females were 0.612, 0.318, 0.723, 0.394 and 0.062 while for male were 0.842, 0.744, 0.879, 0.788 and -0.007 respectively. It was found during the study that body weight was highly correlated with body measurements in Beetal goats of all age's group. The body length, height at withers and heart girth were observed to be significantly correlated with body weight. During present investigation males were heavier and longer than females in all age groups. Similarly the heart girths as well as height at withers were also bigger in males than those of the females. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1023,T] (1).

40. Prevalence & Chemotharpy Of Cestodal Infestation In Three Local & Imported Stocksof Japanese Quail Atpre Peak,

by Ghulam Yaseen | Kamran Ashraf | Azhar Maqbool | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Nature of contents: biography; Literary form: Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: A total of 480 matured quail belonging to 4 inbreed stocks (one imported and three local three age groups and in each there were live replicates each having three females and on male were included in these studies. Faecal samples were collected from each replicate in a clean polythin bag at Avian Research Institute, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore. The prevalence of cestodes in breeder quail was recorded during their production cycle. Five birds from each group were slaughtered and eviscerated to study the lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Out of 480 faecal samples 149 (34.58%) were positive for cestodes infection among positive cases Raillietina tetragona was found in 13 3(27.7%) faecal samples followed by Raillietina cesticillus 72(15%), Raii7ietina echinobothrida 111(23. 12%), Cotugnia digonopora 97(20.2%), Choanotaenia inJindibulum 79(16.45%) whereas the lowest 29(6.04%) pravelancve of Amoebotaen/ci sphenoids. The age wise incidence of parasites in group "I" at 6thi weeks of age was 20%. at I 8° weeks of age was 32.5% and at 36th weeks of age was 145%, in group "LI" at 6 weeks of age was 15%, at l8 weeks of age was 37.5% and at 36thi weeks of age was 42.5%. in group "L2 at 6thi weeks of age was 22.5%, at 18° weeks of age was 30%) and at 36th weeks of age was 35% and in group "L3" at 6° weeks of age was 22.5%, at 18° weeks of age was 32.5% and at 36th weeks of age was 37.5. Chemotherapeutic trails were carried out by using 80 brids (20 negative and 60 postive0 Sixty birds were randomly divided into three groups A, B and C. Birds in group A and B were treated with albendazole and fenbendazole at their recommended dos rate. Birds in groups C and D were kept as positive and negative control. Efficacy of the drugs as calculated on the basis of reduction in faecal egg count. From the result it was reported that efficacy of albendazole and fenbendazole was 96.6 85.39 preent repsetively. No side effets were reported with both of these drugs. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1028,T] (1).

41. A Study Of Detection & Chemotherapy Ascariasis In Paddock Horses,Donkeys & Mules.

by Abhullah khan | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Azhar Maqbool | Muhammed Avais | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: Equines constitute an important and integral part of livestock of the country for their utility and service. Parasitic infections pose an inevitable threat to the equine industry. Ascariasis is one of the major veterinary problems of developed and under developed countries of the world. It is considered to be highly responsible for great economic losses in the form of stunted growth, weight loss and death in severe cases. Keeping in view, the present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of ascariasis among paddock horses, donkeys and mules along with evaluating the efficacy of anthelmintics for therapeutic and prophylactic use. For this purpose paddock horses (n150), donkeys (n=150) and mules (n150) of Army Remount Depot Mona were examined coprologically for ascarids and their The faecal samples were processed at Medicine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore by Direct Smear Method and Salt Flotation Technique for detection of ascarid eggs, while eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces were determined by employing McMaster Egg Counting Technique. The overall prevalence of Ascariasis in paddock horses, donkeys and mules was recorded as 36.00%, 31.33% and 28% respectively. The infection rate was higher in animals of fewer than 2 years of age i.e. 64, 56 and 52 percent as compared to animals over 2 years old i.e. 22, 19 and 16 percent respectively. For chemotherapy trials the positive cases from each category were divided into three groups consisting of six animals each. The animals of first group were treated with Doramectin @ 0.2mg/kg body weight subcutaneously, second group with Garlic 0.2gm/kg body weight orally and the third group kept as positive control. A fourth group consisting of six negative animals from each category was kept as negative control. Eggs per gram (EPG) of animals of all the groups were determined at Day 0 (Pre-treatment) and day 3, 7, and 14 (Post-treatment). The efficacy of the drugs was determined on the basis of reduction in EPG. The efficacy of Doramectin against the ova /larvae of Parascaris equorum was recorded as 81.48%, 92.59% and 92,59% at day 3, 7 and 14 respectively in horses, 41.93%, 87.10% and 80.64% at day 3, 7 and 14 respectively in donkeys and 66.66%, 81,48%and 81.48% at day 3, 7 and 14 respectively in mules. The efficacy of Garlic Powder was very low as compared to Doramectin and recorded as 44.44%, 48.15% and 44.44% at day 3, 7 and 14 respectively in horses, 37.95%, 5 1.61% and 5 1.61% at day 3, 7 and 14 respectively in donkeys and 18.52%, 33.33% and 33.33% respectively in mules. Low efficacy of Garlic may be due to insufficient extraction of allicin, the antiparasitic ingredient in garlic. Thus further study is recommended to determine the safe and efficacious dose rate and frequency of garlic to obtain desired anthelmintic effect of allicin. Statistical analysis of the data revealed significant difference between drugs (Doramectin and Garlic power) and between control and treated groups of horses, donkeys and mules. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1031,T] (1).



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