51.
Effect Of Formaldehyde Treated Sunflower Meal As A Soruce Of Rumen Undegradable Protein On The Milk
by Tariq Hameed | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Mr. Jalees | Prof. Nisar Ahmed Mian.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The rumen has unique ability to degrade dietary protein on the one hand and synthesize microbial protein on the other. However rumen microorganism cannot synthesize enough protein to support high levels of growth and milk production by lactating animals. When protein requirements for milk production and maintenances exceeds the amount of protein synthesized by rumen microbes, there is need to protect some of dietary protein from ruminal degradation and be digested by enzymes in small intestine. Some protein sources are naturally protected from rumen degradation and other requires artificial protection. Among different methods to protect the protein, treatment with formaldehyde is an efficient and inexpensive method to protect the proteins from rumen degradation.
Vegetable protein source such as oil seed cakes and meals are major component of livestock feed. Sunflower meal is a good and relatively cheaper source of vegetable protein and is commonly available. Present study was planned to study the effect of HCHO treated sunflower meal on milk production performance of lactating buffaloes.
Twelve lactating buffaloes were divided into 2 groups A and B based on the milk production (9.1) lactation no (II) and days after calving (38). Individual feeding practice was adopted to fulfill the requirement of each animal. Group A was fed control ration with untreated sunflower meal and Group B was fed experimental ration containing the HCHO treated sunflower meal. About 45 kg of chopped green fodder (according to availability) was offered daily to each animal in both groups. Concentrate mixture was given to satisfy production requirement4 Animals were kept under proper managemental conditions. Hand milking of the animals was done twice a day. An insitu trial was conducted to see the effectiveness of HCHO treatment against the rurninal degradation of sunflower meal used in the experimental rations. Present study was conducted to ascertain milk production of Nih Ravi buffaloes by undegradable intake protein of sunflower meal.
Insitu study showed that formaldehyde treatment significantly reduced the degradation of pro tein in the rurnen. Average values for undegradable protein from O.5% HCHO treated sunflower meal was 75.52 percent as compared to 14.22 percent value of control after 24 hours of incubation. Average daily milk production for group A and B was 8.66 ± 0.70 and 8.94 ± 0.55 kg respectively. The difference was statistically non-significant. Similarly a non-significant response of formaldehyde treated sunflower meal to milk fat percentage and fat corrected milk was observed. The average values for fat contents and FCM were 5.52% ± 0.12 for group A and 5.72% + 0.23 for group B and 10.6+0.76 kg for group A and 11.2+0.50 kg for B group respectively. It was concluded, that formaldehyde treatment of SFM effectively reduced the protein degratdation in the rumen but treated sunflower meal could not improve the milk yield and fat content significantly when fed to lactating buffaloes
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0779,T] (1).
52.
Effect Of Storage, Pre-Heating & Turning During Holding Period On The Hatchability Of The Eggs Of Broiler
by Muhammad Jamshed | Dr. Athar Mahmud | Dr. Kamran | Dr. Nisar Ahmed Mian.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2004Dissertation note: This project was planned to study the effect of storage, pre heating & turning during holding period on the hatchability of the eggs of broiler breeder of 32 weeks. For this purpose 240 feritle eggs (52-5 gm weight) of 32 weeks old breeding flock were purchased form a reputable hatchery. After collection the eggs were cleaned and stored at specific temperature (16 C) and humidity (75%). Eggs were equally divided into four groups i.e. A, B,C, and D having 60 eggs each. The eggs of group A were neither turned nor preheated before setting in the incubator. The eggs of group B were preheated for 6-7 hours until the temperature reached 85 F before setting in incubator but were not turned. The eggs of group C were not pre heated but were turned for 6-8 times in each day during storage period before setting in the incubator. The eggs of group D were pre heated before setting in incubator and turned simultaneously during holding period (storage period). After these specific treatments the eggs were placed in the incubator for 21 days. After the incubation the hatchability percentage of all the groups were noted and the chicks were brooded for 8 days. At the end of second week of age the FCR, weight gains total feed consumed and common causes of mortality were calculated. The data was subjected to statistical analyses (2 x 2 Factorial, Steel and Torrie 1980). Statistical analyses of the data revealed that no differences were obsedved amongst the groups in case of pre heating but in case of turning there was a significant diference (P<0.05) among those groups for hatchability percentages. Although the hatchability percentage for the group D was highest than those of groups A, B, and C. The groups were significantly different in case of weight gain in first week of age. The group D showed significant difference (P<0.05) from the group A. In case of FCR in first and second week of age there was no significant difference (P<0.05) among the all groups i.e. A,B,C and D. The weight gain in second week of age did not significantly showed a difference (P<0.05) among the groups A,B,C and D. The early mortality percentage was highert in group A and lowest in group D. This shows that the turning has a major effect to reduce the sticky chick number. The over all results showed that as we give the turning to the fertile eggs the day old chick weight, weight gain in first week of age and number of sticky chicks were reduced and healing did not contribute to the day old chick weight, weight gain and FCR but reduced the early mortality losses.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0952,T] (1).
53.
Relationship Between Luve Body Weight And Body Measurements In Beetal Goats.
by Muhammed Iqbal | Khalid javaid | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: The present study was conducted at Small Ruminants Training and Research Centre, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus Pattoki. The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between live body weight and body measurements in Beetal goats. The goats were arranged in five age groups, A= 0-6 months, B 7-12 months, C = 13-18 months, D= 19-24 months & E> above 24 months. Group A, B and E were further divide into sub group (Male and Female), where as group C and D comprised of females only. Body weights of goats were taken using plate form weighing scale & measurements of body length, height at wither, heart girth, rump and forehead with the help of measuring tape graduated with inches. Data consisted of on 902 observations on goats of different age groups. The mean body weight (kg) of Beetal goat in five age groups ( 0-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-24 and above 24 months of age) was observed as 7.19±4.197, 6.57±3.54 (female), 7.58±4.54 (male), 21.01±5.07, 22.0±4.13 (female), 11.73±3.39 (male), 27.16±3.94, 38.14±5.78, 49.59±9.85, 45.94±6.81 (female) and 62.38±8.21 kg (male), respectively. The body length (inches), of Beetal goat recorded in these age groups was found to be 15.81±2.68, 15.68±2.48 (female), 16.16±2.80 (male), 23.95±2.60 (overall), 24.5±2.03 (female), 18.90±1.87 (male), 26.60±1.35, 29.68±1.34, 3 1.58±0.73 inches, 30.86±1.11 (females) and 34.13±1.73 (male). The mean height at withers (inches) in Beetal goat in five age groups was noted to be 17.50±2.60, 17.18±2.40 (female), 17.72±2.72 (male), 25.76±2.72, 26.34±2.04 (female), 20.24±2.07 (male), 28.34±1.32, 31.02±1.43, 32.42±0.82, 31.52±1.11 (females) and 35.60±1.61 (male) inches respectively. The mean heart girth (inches) in Beetal goat in these age groups was recorded to be 16.36±2.70, 16.02±2.44 (female), 16.58±2.86 (male), 24.25±2.66, 24.78±2.02 (female), 16.36±1.82 (male), 26.93±1.41, 30.32±1.63, 32.73±.87, 31.93±1.71 (females) and 35.60±1.28 (male) respectively. The mean rump (inches) for all five age groups was 2.70±0.92 inches, 2.67±0.51 (female), 2.70±0.53 (male), 4.74±0.63, 4.80±0.45 (female), 3.43±0.41 (male), 5.27±1.47, 5.80±0.40, 6.36±0.24; 6.18±0.47 (females) and 7.04±0.60, (male) respectively, while the mean forehead (inches) for all five ages group was 2.10±0.26, 2.11±0.28 (female), 2.10±0.26 (male), 2.97±0.30, 3.07±0.26 (female), 2.50±0.35 (male), 3.18±1.26, 3.43±0.20, 3.66±0.3 8, 3.46±0.13 inches (females) and 4.33±0.33 (male) respectively. The correlation between body weight and body length, height at withers, heart girth, rump and forehead for group A were 0.969, 0.962, 0.964, 0.856 and 0.878 respectively, for female was 0.965, 0.645, 0.971, 0.830 and 0.918 respectively, while for male were 0.972, 0.967, 0.962, 0.877 and 0.882, respectively. For group B the correlation between body weight and body length, height at withers, heart girth, rump and forehead were 0.928, 0.869, 0.911, 0.828 and 0.653 respectively. Correlations for females were 0.888, 0.781, 0.857, 0.725 and 0.653 respectively, while for males were 0.857, 0.897, 0.887, 0.63 1 and 0.642, respectively. The correlations for group C were 0.805, 0.766, 0.767, 0.088 and 0.229 respectively. For group D 0.782, 0.575, 0.749, 0.94 and 0. 435, respectively. The correlation for group E were 0.844, 0.753, 0.86, 0.70 and 0.61, respectively, for females were 0.612, 0.318, 0.723, 0.394 and 0.062 while for male were 0.842, 0.744, 0.879, 0.788 and -0.007 respectively. It was found during the study that body weight was highly correlated with body measurements in Beetal goats of all age's group. The body length, height at withers and heart girth were observed to be significantly correlated with body weight. During present investigation males were heavier and longer than females in all age groups. Similarly the heart girths as well as height at withers were also bigger in males than those of the females.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1023,T] (1).
54.
Effect Of Methionine Suplimentation On The Performanceof Early Lactating Nili Ravi Buffaloes
by Imran Mohsin | Prof.Dr.Muhammed Abdullah | Dr.Abu Saeed Hashmi | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: Feeding management experiment was conducted at Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki on thirty nine lactating Nih Ravi buffaloes divided into three groups thirteen in each kept under tie stall intensive management for a period of four weeks. All the three groups were given roughages ad libitum and concentrate according to their milk production level. The milk production was recorded daily in the morning and evening. Milk samples were collected weekly by mixing the milk produced in the morning and evening and analyzed for various milk composition parameters. The blood from jugular veins of the selected buffaloes was also collected on weekly basis and analyzed for blood bio-chemistry in the WTO quality control laboratory.
Highest milk production per day (9.78+O.O9ml) was recorded in T2, followed by TI and T3. Statistically analyzed data showed highly significant (P<O.O1) differences between treatments. Statistically analyzed data showed non significant (P>O.05) differences between treatments. The milk analysis of buffaloes kept Ofl treatments TI, T2 and T3 showed milk fat contents 5.58±0.08, 5.70f0.08 and 6.031-0.08% respectively. SNF% in buffaloes was 8.55±0.16, 8.41+0.16 and 8.20±0.16 respectively. Statistically analyzed data showed significant (P<0.05) differences in fat and non significant (P>0.05) differences in SNF contents between treatments. Feed samples were collected for proximate analysis at laboratory of Animal Nutrition Department UVAS and results revealed that concentration was compared of 17.41, 18.26 and 71 % Dry matter, Crude protein, and TDN, respectively. Blood sample were analyzed for total protein, triglyceride, urea and blood glucose. The blood glucose contents value were 3.96±0.58, 4.08±0.60 and 4.72+ 0.63 mg/uI in buffaloes on treatments Ti, T2 and T3 respectively. Total protein values for each treatment were 6.37±0.54, 6.74±0.55 and 5.97±0.58 mg/dl. Triglycerides were 5.58±0.58, 4.16±0.59 and 4.33+0.62 mg/dl in buffaloes on treatment 1. 2 and 3 respectively. Mean Urea level was 1.40-f 0.024. 1.03+0.25 and 1.56+0.26 mg/dl.
The following conclusions have been drawn.
- Methionine supplementation increases the overall milk production in buffaloes.
- Methionine supplementation has variable effect on different milk
- composition parameters. It increases the milk fat percentage but has least effect on other parameters.
- Methionine supplementation increases the blood glucose and has no effects on other blood parameters.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1066,T] (1).
55.
Dietry Modulation Of Intestinal Physiology In Coccidiosis Induced Broiler
by Ihtesham -UL- Haq | Habib -UR-Rehman | Nisar Ahmed | Prof.Dr.Ejaz Ahmed | Faculty of Biosciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Coccidiosis is a ubiquitous disease of almost universal importance in poultry production. The disease may strike any type of poultry in any type of facility and causes large economic losses. The immune responses of the body against coccidiosis are complex because Eimeria species exhibit a complex life cycle, which includes stages inside and outside the birds and the inside-stage, comprises extracellular and intracellular stages. The major component in coccidiosis control in the poultry industry since the I 940s has been the use of anticoccidial compounds. These compounds, when used in carefully designed prophylactic treatment programs are efficient in disease control. However, the inevitable development of drug resistance to chemical types of anticoccidials by avian coccidia, the increased pressure from consumers and governments to phase out the use of chemical anticoccidials in the diet of food animals has resulted in the need of a reexamination of another type of coccidial control. Among others, mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) has shown promising in suppressing pathogens of the intestinal mucosa of chickens. In present study one twenty broiler chicks was obtained from hatchery and divided in to four groups. Antibiotic free diet supplemented with prebiotic was fed to each group. The infected group was inoculated orally with Eimeria. The overall body weight gain, lesion scoring, relative weights of gut organ and bacterial growth of clostridium perfringens and E. coli was investigated. The overall beneficial effect of the prebiotic on these parameters was screened.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1168,T] (1).
56.
Vector Biology Of Aedes And Culex And Their Role In Dissemination Of Dengue Virus
by Syed Shakeel Shah | Prof. Dr. Azar Maqbool | Dr. Aftan A | Dr. Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1659,T] (1).
57.
Effect Of Feeding Frequency On The Growth Performance Of Lohi Lambs During Post Weaning Period
by Muhammad Zahid Farooq (2010-VA-271) | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Abdullah | Dr. Nisar Ahmed | Prof. Dr. Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Thesis Submitted with Blank CD. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2192,T] (1).
58.
Botany : Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, Algae and Lichens
by Prof. Nisar Ahmed.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: Publisher: Islamaabad: Higher Education Commission; 2007Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 579.3 Nisar 4263 1st 2007 Microbiology] (2).
59.
Prevalence Of Intestinal Parasites From Fingernails Of Primary School Going Children Of District Lahore
by Javeria (2012-VA-16) | Dr. Nisar Ahmed | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Muhammad Ijaz.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Intestinal parasitic infections are extensively spread globally and most affected population is children. In primary schools environments children are confirmed as a most susceptible for acquiring Intestinal parasites(IP) through nails.
Intestinal parasites were more prevalent in fingernails of children of primary schools in District Lahore.
A total of 300 nail samples were collected from the fingernails of the school children of different age and sex. The nails were swabbed into a clean sterile container containing normal saline. Finger nail clippings were collected from both hands of each subject using sterile nail clippers and were placed in labeled containers containing normal saline. Samples were examined by direct microscopy using Lugol’s iodine and Eosin preparations. Sediments from the nail clippings were examined after digestion with 10% Potassium hydroxide and centrifugation at 2500rpm for 5minutes.The parasites were isolated from the fingernails of the primary school children of both sexes and prevalence was recorded.
The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The prevalence of parasites was presented as descriptive statistics, while the relationship between several variables (age, gender,educational level) and presence of parasites was determined by the chi-square test. The level of significance used was P<0.05.
This study will help to create awareness among society especially school children about parasites and parasitic infections. It will also help to improve health level of school children, education and environment of schools and will develop the habit of keeping hygiene and handwashing
practice in children as a result of which a healthy study competition will be developed among school children.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2514-T] (1).
60.
Anthelmintic Resistance In Gastrointestinal Nematodes Of Cattle At District Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab
by Ahsaan Ullah (2014-VA-210) | Dr. Nisar Ahmed | Dr. Haroon Akbar | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of grazing livestock is now common throughout much of the world and poses a significant threat to the productivity and/or profitability of farming operations in many countries. In many cases, the presence of resistance does not jeopardise effective worm control, which can be maintained simply by switching to use of an alternative class of anthelmintic to which resistance has not yet developed. It is an inevitable conclusion that consideration of anthelmintic resistance and its management should be an integral component of anthelmintic use regardless of country or host species. Resistance to anthelmintic drugs by gastrointestinal nematodes infecting ruminants has been demonstrated throughout the world. 6.2 Hypothesis Anthelmintic resistance is prevalent in gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in 3 different union councils, Darkhast Jamal Khan south, Darkhast Jamal Khan north and Darkhast Jamal Khan Nawan of district Dera Ghazi Khan (D.G.Khan), Punjab.
6.3 Parameters/Methodology
The present study was conducted at 3 union councils, Darkhast Jamal Khan south, Darkhast Jamal Khan north and Darkhast Jamal Khan Nawan of the district Dera Ghazi Khan
A total of 100 fecal samples were collected from the cattle by convenience sampling method to check the anthelmintic resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes in the cattle. The inclusion criteria of the animals for the present study was,
(I) All selected animals were 1-3 years of age
CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY
Summary
29
(II) Animals not dewormed during 60 days prior to the study
For diagnosing the presence of gastrointestinal nematodes resistant to oxfendazole and levamisole, the Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT), recommended by the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology was used. On day 0, a sample of feces was collected directly from the rectum of each animal (using a labelled plastic bag). Faeces were transported in a plastic cooler (4◦C) to the parasitology lab, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Faecal egg count (FEC) was determined using the McMaster technique. On day one, animals were distributed according to their parasite loads (balanced) into three experimental groups: firstly a control group having 20 animals maintained without treatment, secondly a treatment group with oxfendazole having 10 animals in which EPG was 150 or above, maintained with treatment and thirdly another treatment group with levamisole having 10 animals in which EPG was 150 or above, maintained with treatment. Fourteen days after treatment, another faecal sample was obtained from each animal to calculate the Faecal Egg Count Reduction as mentioned previously.
6.4 Statistical Analysis Appropriate statistical test (like Chi2 and ANOVA) was applied using statistical software like SPSS version 21. Anthelmintic resistances was calculated using formula by (Coles et al. 1992) and RESO© software (CSIRO,1990, Animal Health Division) as mentioned below,
Percentage reduction (%) = (1 –T/C) × 100
where T is the arithmetic mean of EPG of the treated group, and C is the arithmetic mean of EPG of the control group after treatment (at day 14). Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2512-T] (1).
61.
Effect Of Acetic Acid Supplementation On Pathomorphological And Immunohistochemical Changes In Broiler Chickens Experimentally Infected With Salmonella Enterica Serovar Pullorum
by Bareera Javed Khan (2009-VA-156) | Dr. Gulbeena Saleem | Prof. Dr. Asim Aslam | Dr. Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of acetic acid in minimizing the severity of pathomorpholgical lesions in broiler chickens experimentally challenged with Salmonella pullorum. The experimental birds were divided into five groups. Group A acted as control, Group B was infected with S. pullorum. Antibiotic and acetic acid was given respectively to the challenged Group C and Group D. Group E was given acetic acid solely. Clinical signs were observed on daily basis. Postmortem findings of birds from each group was recorded on day 1, 3, 5 and 7. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the necropsy samples was performed subsequently. The data thus collected was organized using Factorial experiment on computer statistical software Minitab version 16 and analyzed by Two way ANOVA (Analysis of variance).
Hemorrhagic, congested liver with greyish necrotic foci, pericarditis, congested lungs, spleen and unabsorbed yolk was observed in sick birds. Infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion and necrosis in liver, spleen and heart were histopathologically observed. Acetic acid reduced the severity of gross pathological and histopathological changes. The fecal excretion of S. pullorum significantly reduced with acetic acid.
Results clearly demonstrated that use of acetic acid and antibiotic respectively produced comparable outcome. As the use of antibiotics was banned in European Union and the organism, Salmonella pullorum showed resistance against many antibiotics so the best way to control the disease is by supplementing the acetic acid to birds as it was helpful in minimizing the mortality and severity of gross and histopathological lesions in infected chickens. If diets can be planned to enhance the organic acid production in the caecum, it may be possible to control salmonella species through cost effective means. However further studies need to be conducted in order to analyze the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of organic acids. The use of prebiotics and probiotics along with organic acids on the growth and disease management of broiler chickens. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2564-T] (1).
62.
Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Mites Infestation In Sheep In Tehsil Bhag Of District Bolan
by Shujat Ali (2008-VA-208) | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Nisar Ahmed | Dr. Muhammad Avais.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Estimated population of sheep in Pakistan is 27.8 million. Balochistan is the largest province which comprises 44 percent of the total area of Pakistan and only 4.9% of entire population of the country. Share of Livestock in Agriculture is 55%, 11.4% of National GDP of Pakistan and more than 47% in the economy of Balochistan. In between the Chelicerates, (mites and ticks) characterize the biggest and most wide taxon, with a valued 0.5–1 million species. More then 48,000 species defined (Halliday et al., 2000). Mange is a contagious disease showing signs like crusty, dermatitis and loss of hairs. Almost 50 mites species having 16 families and 26 genera responsible for mange where all the main mite species having the orders of Astigmata and Prostigmata. Bolan district is situated in the center of Balochistan province of Pakistan Population estimate 640,000 (2005). Bolan district is administratively subdivided into six tehsils viz Bhag, Dhadar, Machh, Sani, Khattan. The present study was carried out in tehsil Bhag. Latitude 29.0415, longitude 67.8239, Altitude 88 meters above the sea level. 1442 square kilometer of Tehsil Bhag. Mean rainfall is 209.9 mm, range of temperature (Avg) is between 40.6°C and 14.58°C. Four distinct breeds of sheep found in Balochistan are Balochi, Bibrik, Harnai, Rakhshani.
A total of 200 sheep were randomly selected to study the prevalence of mites’ infestation. Skin scraping technique was used. For chemotherapy 30 sheep positive for mange mites through skin scraping test were randomly selected and divided into 3 groups of viz A, B, C. Each group contain 10 number of sheep. Sheep’s in group A were injected Ivermectin at 0.2mg/kg bwt subcut while the animals in group B, were treated with Trichloroforn in the form of 0.15% solution as topical application. The members in group C were treated topicaly with aqueous
Summary
37
extract of Nicotiana Tobacum (tobacco). Treatment were done on day zero and repeated on day 15. The sheep in each group were examined in routinely and samples of skin scraping were collected at day 0, 7, 14 and 28 days (Habib et al., 2009). The effectiveness of particular treatment was estimated on the basis of reduction of clinical sign and negative skin scraping.
200 sheep of different breed, age, sex and areas were examined. 30/200 (15%) sheep were found positive for mange mites infestation. Mites infestation was noticed high in male sheep (16%) as compare to female sheep (14%). According to Breed Balochi sheep breed was noticed highly positive (22%) for mange mites infestation. Area wise prevalence was witnessed high in union council Bhag (25%). Mostly effective drug observed for mites infestation was Ivermectin with 90% efficacy at day 28 in conclusion mange mites infestation in sheep at Bhag tehsil of Dist Bolan and Ivermectin is the best effective drug for mange mites into the following in order by Seguvan and Nicotiana Tobaccum. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2676-T] (1).
63.
BOTANY
by PROF NISAR AHMED.
Edition: 1ST ED.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: PAKISTAN HEC 2007Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 579 NISAR 4268BB 1ST 2007 AGRICULTURE] (1).
64.
Effect Of Sub-Chronic Exposure Of Di-Butyl Phthalate On Serum Minerals And Bone Health In Rats
by Nisar Ahmed (2014-VA-779) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous compounds present worldwide. Endocrine hormone production, release, transport, binding, action or elimination is enhanced or interrupted by EDs and hence affect homeostasis, development, reproduction and behavior of organisms. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most important EDs used extensively in consumer products such as plasticizers, nail polish, paints, thermal paper and water pipes. DBP binds to estrogen receptors and enhance or interrupt the endocrine system. DBP have negative effects on bone health and serum minerals in rats. A total of 48 adult rats were divided in three main groups i.e. (16 rats in each group). Each group was sub-divided into male (8 rats) and female (8rats). Control Group: Basal rat diet was provided to control group. Group A: DBP 10mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to group A. DBP was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Group B: DBP 50mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to Group B. DBP was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Trial duration was 3 months and at the end rats were killed to obtain the bones, serum and muscles to observe their bone characteristics (bone length, width, and medullary canal diameter) and minerals (Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca) analysis. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA through SPSS version (SPSS Inc. version 20, Chicago, Illinois) and was presented as mean± SEM.
Femur bone length was found to be significantly higher in male rats treated with DBP 10mg/kg and 50mg/kg compared to control. The femur bone length was not affected in female rats. Rest of the parameters in bone health of tibia and femur were not affected by treatment. Bone minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn) were also not affected by the treatment irrespective of treatments. Serum calcium was significantly higher in male rates treated with 50mg/kg DBP
CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
37
compared to control; whereas it is decreased significantly in female rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Serum zinc concentrations also decreased significantly in female rats treated with DBP 50mg/kg compared to control. Muscle copper concentration was significantly higher in male rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Iron muscle concentration was significantly increased in male and female rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Muscle calcium concentration was significantly decreased in male rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2896-T] (1).
