1.
Comparative Efficacy Of Guar (Gyamopsis Tetragonoloba) And Salinomycine Sodium Against Coccidiosis in Broiler Chicken
by Omer Naseer | Dr. Jawaria Ali Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Parasitic diseases are major problems disturbing the poultry industry and coccidiosis is one of most dangerous diseases that affect the national economy. One hundred and twenty (120) day old broiler chicks free from coccidial infection were purchased from local market. The broiler chicks were divided into four groups viz. A, B, and I) each comprising of 30 birds. Each group was further divided into three replicates comprising 10 chicks each. All groups except group D was induced 10,000 sporocyst of Eimeria species orally on day 14th. Guts from the broiler chicks suspected with coccidiosis were collected from the field and local poultry farms. The coccidial oocysts in faeces were isolated and sporulated. Oocysts were collected from the gut samples. The counting of oocysts in samples was performed by McMaster technique. The experimental birds were vaccinated against various diseases i.e., Gumboro (IBI)) and Newcastle Disease.
Salinomycin and guar was used against coccidiosis as per medication protocol the dose rate of 5 gm/kg in feed and Sgm/95 gm of feed given to group A and B respectively. While group C consist of positive control and group I) was negative control. OPG, weight gain and FCR was also being recorded as well as postmortem was performed in case of mortality. For statistical analysis one way ANOVA technique was used.
It is concluded that Salinomycin 5 gm/kg in feed had shown best results in terms of maximum weight gain. FCR as compared to Guar 5gm/95 gm of feed which shown reduced oocyst count and mortality. It was not clear which specific compounds in guar contributes to the anticoccidial or growth inhibitory effects. Further research is needed to investigate whether the anticoccidiosis effect of guar was due to residual guar gum (galactomannans), saponins, or some unknown component of guar.
It is anticipated that the results of this study will help the poultry farmers and other concerned peoples to choose best possible drug to eradicate coccidiosis and take maximum production.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1153,T] (1).
2.
Effects And Remedial Measures Of Aflatoxin B1 On Bovine Calves In Punjab
by Omer Naseer (2002-VA-65) | Dr. Jawairia Ali Khan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ovais Omer.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Aflatoxins B1 are most toxic metabolites produced by Aspergillus fungi in/on foods and feeds, probably best known and most intensively researched aflatoxins globally. AFB1 have been associated with several diseases, e.g. aflatoxicosis in livestock, pets including humans throughout the world. Occurrence of AFB1 is influenced by certain environmental factors like geographic location, agro-economic practices and susceptibility of feed commodities to fungal invasion during pre-harvest, storage, and processing periods. AFB1 has grabbed greater attention than any other mycotoxins due to their demonstrated potent carcinogenic effect in susceptible animals and their acute toxicological effects in humans. As the absolute safety will be never achieved, most of the world struggled to limit aflatoxin exposure by imposing regulations on feed commodities.
So, in this study, we had collected 67 concentrated samples, thirty six samples from Gujranwala and thirty one from Kasur to examine the occurrence of aflatoxin B1. The aims of this study were to investigate the aflatoxin B1 in calf feed, effect of different concentrations of aflatoxin B1 on productive performance of calves and determine the comparative efficacy of commercially available mycotoxin binders and liver tonics against AFB1 in bovine calves. Feed samples were obtained from different livestock farms and cattle feed mills, toxin levels in each feed sample were determined by HPLC. AFB1 level was higher at feed mills (40.33±2.21 ppb and 49.0±1.95 ppb) than farms (34.96±2.65 ppb and 44.95±2.41 ppb) both in Gujranwala and Kasur respectively. Fungus was isolated and grown on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar on the basis of microscopic characters and species within genus characterized by colony characters/macroscopic characters, mostly Aspergillus species was present in the feed samples which produce mycotoxins. The second most prevalent species were the Fusarium. Mucor and the Pencillium were respectively third and fourth in number. Our results have shown that Alternaria was not present in Gujranwala and Rhizopus was absent in the feed samples collected from the Kasur. Out of mycotoxin contaminated concentrate feed samples, the highest frequency of Aspergillus (43.3%) was observed, followed by Fusaram (38.8%), Mucor (8.9%), Penicillium(5.9%), Rhizopus (1.5%) and Alternaria species (1.5%).
Our results also indicated that growth of Aspergillus spp. can be minimized by controlling the different factors like pH, temperature, light and humidity, which are essential for the proper growth and development. The antifungal activity of methanolic extract of clove, neem and garlic was also determined in which maximum MIC showed by garlic.
Thirty six bovine calves of 6 to 12 months of age were kept in UVAS, Pattoki campus (Ravi Campus) .in four different replicates having 9 animals each. Different concentrations, i.e. 0.6 mg/kg, 0.8 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg was administered along with concentrated feed and check out productive performance along with physiological profile. The most pathological concentration of aflatoxin B1 in experiment number 3 was given to the two groups of bovine calves along with two different commercially available mycotoxin binders i.e. Yeast based and second one was clay based HSCAS mycotoxin binder at recommended doses. Efficacy of mycotoxin binders on feed samples was analyzed by using HPLC and also evaluates the productive performance of the animals.Efficacy of two liver tonics i.e.silymarin and choline chloride was observed on CBC, LFT and RFT of bovine calves.
Present study has clearly displayed the adverse effect of aflatoxin B1 on feed consumption, hematological and serum biochemical parameters related to liver and kidney in bovine calf. Results indicated that HSCAS mycotoxin adsorbent was able to fully detoxify aflatoxin B1. Silymarin had great impact on the liver to cope the adverse effects of the AFB1 as compared to the choline chloride, which was proved with the help of CBC, LFT and RFT.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2630-T] (1).
