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1. Sero-Prevalence Of Brucellosis In Buffaloes And Cattle Of Swat Valley And Government Livestock Farms,Nwfp

by Azhar Khan | Prof.Dr.Masood Rabbani | Prof.Dr.Azhar | Prof.Dr.Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: Brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic disease that is associated with chronic debilitating infections in humans and reproductive failure in domestic animals (Corbell, 1997). The sero-prevalence of brucellosis in buffaloes and cattle were undertaken by collecting samples from animals brought to various slaughterhouses and Private and Govt. farms in Swat valley and Peshawar division by screening through i-LLISA, MRT and RBPT. Out of 850 samples, 600 sera, 200 milk samples were collected along with 50 samples of slaughterhouse worker, butcher and veterinarian for this study. All the serum samples tested through RBPT and I-ELISA showed the overall prevalence 3.67% and 4.33% in the cattle and buffaloes population respectively while the combined prevalence in the cattle, buffaloes and human population through RBPT was 3.38 % and through i-ELISA was 4%. The high rate of brucellosis was recorded through RBPT and i-ELISA in buffaloes ( 4.75%,5.5%) while 0.0% prevalence in male buffaloes through RBPT and iELISA, where as in female buffaloes it was 4.85% through RBPT and through i-ELISA was 5.626%. The comparatively low rate (1.5%) of brucellosis was noted in cattle through the RBPT and 2% through i-ELISA while in female cattle it was 1.587% through the RBPT and through i-ELISA 2.12% with 0.0% in males. Among the serum samples (30) of buffalo and cattle having reproductive disorder were tested through the same tests which showed overall prevalence 16.6%. The prevalence at Cattle Breeding and Dairy farm 1-larichand and Livestock Research and Development Farm (Surrezai was 0.0% through Milk Ring Test and i-ELISA. Also cattle milk samples (110) from private farms in swat valley showed prevalence through Milk Ring Test 0.9% and through i-ELISA prevalence was noted to be 1 .82%. As 50 human serum samples were tested through RBPT and i-ELISA but none of these samples were positive showed that the prevalence of brucellosis in human being is very low, The comparison of RBPT, MRT and i-ELISA (milk and serum) was also analyzed statistically by z-test, the data revealed insignificant results. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1012,T] (1).

2. Effect Of Methionine Supplementation On Milk Production And Composition Of Nili Ravi Buffaloes

by Alla-ud-Din | Prof.Dr.Masroor Elahi Babar | Mr.Jalees Ahmad Bhatti | Prof.Dr.Azhar.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: Feeding management experiment was conducted at Buffalo Research Institute (BRI) Pattokki, to determine the effect of two sources of methionine (metasmart and sartamine) supplementation on milk production and milk composition in Nih - Ravi buffaloes. The trial was conducted on 39 lactating buffaloes having same age, weight, and lactation and milk production for 28 days (4 weeks) including two (2) weeks of adjustment period. The buffaloes were divided in to three treatments, 13 animals in each group. Two methionine sources metasmart and smartamine were added daily in the concentrate ration at the time of feeding @ 15 gm and 10 gm / animal, respectively. The data on daily feed intake and concentrate intake, daily milk production, and fortnightly weight changes. Feed, milk and blood were collected for analysis on weekly basis. The animals were assigned to three treatments A (control), B (metasmart) and C (smartamine) with 13 animals in each group. The animals were kept under tie stall intensive feeding management. Group A was treated as control and fed only green fodder and concentrate according to milk production. Group B was treated as metasmart and fed green fodder according to body weight plus concentrate ration according to milk production along with addition of metasmart 15g/anirnal/day. While group C was treated as smartamine and fed green fodder according to body weight plus concentrate ration according to milk production with addition of smartamanie 10g/animal/day. The buffaloes of group A (control) consumed daily 53.46 + 0.32 kg of green fodder and daily 3.82 ± 0.04 concentrate rations. Group B (metasmart) consumed daily 53.90 ± 0.32, kg of fresh matter and 3.92 ± 0.04 kg concentrate ration along with metasmart supplementation while group C (smartarnine) consumed daily 53.63 ± 0.32 kg of green fodder and 3.90 ± 0.04 kg concentrate ration. Statistical analysis of the fodder and feed intake was significant among weeks but non significant between the groups. The milk production of the groups was recorded twice daily for each buffalo. The highest milk production was observed in group B (metasmart) 10.84±0.15 liters followed by group C (smartamine) 10.51±0.15 liters and lowest milk production in group A (control) 10.06±0.15 liters. Statistical analysis showed that data is highly significant between the groups as well as among the weeks. The milk samples were collected on weekly basis for analysis of milk and its contents. The milk is analysed for milk fat percentage, solid hot fat (SNF), total solids (TS), milk protein and milk lactose. The highest SNF %age was observed in group B (metasmart) 9.59±0.02 % then in group C (smartamine) 9.57±0.02 % and lowest in group A (control) 9.56± 0.02%.Buffaloes showed highest (15.84±0.12) levels of total solids contents on metasmart followed by smartamine (15.74±0.12) and lowest was showed by control group (15.68±0.12). Milk was also analyzed for the milk protein contents. Buffaloes showed highest (3.46±0.009) levels of protein contents on metasmarl and (3.37±0.009) in smartamine group followed by control (3.23±0.009). Milk lactose was high (4.22±0.01) levels of lactose contents on metasmart followed by control (4.2 1±0.01) and smartarnine (4.19±0.01) respectively. The fat level in milk of buffalo kept under treatments control, metasmart and smartamaine were 6,25±0.07, 6.25±0.07, and 6.14±0.07 respectively Milk fat % was highest (6.25±0.07) in buffaloes on metasmart supplementation. Body weight of the animals was recorded early in the morning on fortnightly basis. The fortnightly body weight gain of the groups were 0.70±0007. O.71+0.OO7and 0.7 1±0.007 in control, metasmart and smartamine respectively. Blood was also collected for different analysis. For this purpose blood was collected from 6 animals in each group. The blood was analyzed for serum total protein, serum triglycerides, serum urea, and serum cholesterol and serum glucose in WTO laboratory of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. The blood total protein contents were 7.65±0.32, 9.22±0.32, and 8.40±0.32 g/dl in buffaloes in groups A, B, and C. The blood triglyceride contents were 1.67±0.26, 1.73±0.26. and 2.78±0.26 in buffaloes in groups A, B, and C. The blood urea contents were 1.15U.28, 2.46±0.28, and 2.64±0.28 in buffaloes in groups A. B, and C respectively. The blood glucose contents were 17.65±1.52, 19.79±1.52, and 17.42±1.52 in buffaloes in groups A, B, and C respectively. The blood Cholesterol contents were 96.98±6.85, 103.06+6.85, and 102.81±6.85 in buffaloes in groups A, B. and C respectively. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that experiment diets (green fodder and concentrate) were not fulfilling the methionine requirement of Nili-Ravi buffaloes at early stage of lactation. Supplementation with methionine (metasmart 15gm/d & smartamine @ lOgm/d) enhanced milk production and positively changed protein % in milk and yield. Hence it can be recommended that methionine may necessary be supplemented at early stage of lactation in Nili-Ravi buffaloes at rate of 15 gmlanimal/day. Methionine supplementation in experimental ration responded positively in enhancing milk production, composition and weight gain in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1015,T] (1).

3. Comparative Therapeutic Efficacy Of Herbal Medicine(Cocciguard) With Standard Anticoccidial Drugs In Experimentally induced Coccidiosis in Broiler Chicks

by Khalid Khan | Dr.Muhammad Ovais Omer | Prof.Dr.Azhar | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: This study was designed to compare and evaluate therapeutic anticoccidial efficacy of herbal drug (steroidal sapogenin), suipha drug (suiphachiorpyrazine) and Amproliurn. Total of 150, a day-old broiler chicks were reared for six weeks in good husbandry and hygienic conditions. Coccidiosis was induced in broiler chickens in cages (battery system). The oocysts were collected from already infected poultry guts and were processed and sporulated in potassium dichromate solution according to the standard method of floatation and then the sporulated oocysts were counted by McMaster technique and were inoculated into birds as per required dose rate to induce coccidiosis in birds of group A, B, C and D. Coccidiosis was diagnosed on standard postmortem procedure and oocyst counting of the fecal droppings of the infected birds. Group A, B and C was medicated by sulphachlorpyarazine (Esb3), steroidal sapogenin (cocciguard) and amprolium (cocoban) respectively. Group D were infected but left un-medicated positive control and group E were left non infected and non medicated negative control. The therapeutic efficacy of the above mentioned drugs were evaluated by oocyst counting in droppings of all the infected treated groups and by intestinal lesion scoring, bloody diarrhea. Morbidity and mortality were recorded in all infected groups before and after treatment. Oocyst counting was done in all groups after induction of coccidial infection and at the end of the treatment in all medicated groups. Oocyst counting and intestinal lesion scoring were helpful in evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of the cocciguard (steroidal sapogenin) in comparison with the chemical anticoccidial drugs. The following recorded parameters, oocyst counting, morbidity, mortality, bloody diarrhea, intestinal lesion scoring were subjected to statistical analysis using one way analysis of variance, to detect the therapeutic efficacy difference between treatments and the results obtained are as follows. Oocyst per gram was 1.49*0.78, 20.36±1.89, 2.66±1.47 and 47.7±4.3 for suiphachlorpyrazine, steroidal sapogenin, amprolium and positive control respectively. Morbidity recorded was 1.5±0.87, 2.75±0.47, 2.25±0.25, and 2.25±0.25 for sulphachlorpyrazine, steroidal sapogenin amprolium and positive control respectively. Mortality recorded was 0.40±0.24, 2.40±0.24, 1.80±0.2, and 2.40±0.24 for suiphachiorpyrazine, steroidal sapogenin, amprolium and positive control. Intestinal lesion scoring recorded was 1.5±0.35, 2.5±0.20, and 1.62±0.12 for sulphachlorpyrazine, steroidal sapogenin, and amprolium respectively. Survival rate recorded was 56%, 20%, 33.30%, 0%, and 93.3% in suiphachlorpyrazine, steroidal sapogenin, amprolium, positive control, and negative control group respectively. Percent reduction in oocyst per gram was recorded 97.48%, 18.58%, and 97.19% in suiphachiorpyrazine, steroidal sapogenin and amprolium respectively. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1016,T] (1).

4. Effects Of Infectious Bursal Desease Vaccine And Vaccination Schedule In Imunity Induceds By Newcastle Disease

by Kashif-ur-Rehman | Prof.Dr.Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad | Dr.Imran Najeeb | Prof.Dr.Azhar Maqbool | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: The study was carried out for verifying the interference of infectious bursal disease vaccines conmonly used in Pakistan on the immunity to Newcastle disease vaccines. Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a viral disease producing suppression in humoral immune response causing degeneration of bursa of Fabricius. Different vaccines are available in the market for mass scale immunization of chickens. The study was carried out to compare the immunosuppressive effects of intermediate strain, hot strain and complex IBDV vaccines on immunity induced by NDV vaccine. Vaccine efficacy was studied by measuring the induced humoral antibody level using HI (Haemagglutination inhibition) test for NDV and indirect ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) (Kirkegaard' & Perry Laboratories - KPL) to detect antibodies against IBDV. The parameters used to evaluate the effects of IBDV vaccine on broiler chicks were immune response to NDV vaccination, weight of lymphoid organs such as bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen, post virulent NDV challenge and FCR. The results showed that IBDV vaccinated groups A, B, C, D and E had lower HI antibody profile, higher bursa, spleen and thymus body weight ratio, poor FCR and higher post challenge mortality than NDV vaccinated group F. The HI serum antibody profile revealed that the groups vaccinated with IBDV hot strain had significantly lower antibody titer as compared to the intermediate strain of IBDV vaccinated birds. In addition to that hot strain vaccine found to be more damaging to the bursa, spleen and thymus than the intermediate strain vaccine. The hot strain had adverse effects on the feed conversion ratio of birds as well. The challenge with virulent NDV revealed that IBDV vaccine treated groups were overall higher mortality than the only NDV vaccinated chickens. The study suggested the use of intermediate strain as vaccine since it had least interference with the antibody production against ND. However, hot strain used in this study had adversely affected the NDV HI. titer and caused more damage to the lymphoid organs and reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR). Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1017,T] (1).

5. Detection And Taxonomy Of Zoonotic Soil-Borne Helminths Of Cats And Dogs In Lahore

by Farhan Basit | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Prof.Dr.Azhar Maqbool | Prof.Dr.Muham | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: To find out the prevelance of parasitic eggs/larvae of zoonotic importance, 160 faecal samples, 80 soil samples and 80 herbage samples from each of the selected park during four months i.e. from 1St June to 30th September 2007 were collected and examined. The public parks included; 1) Nasir Park, 2) Iqbal Park. Thus in total 640 samples were examined for prevelance of parasitic eggs/larvae of zoonotic importance including faeces, soil and herbage. At the same time 160 faecal samples of pet dogs and cats were collected from the Pet Centre of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore and were examined for the presence of zoonotic parasites. These samples were processed and examined according to the techniques i.e. direct smear method, flotation and Baerman techniques. Five samples of each material were collected every week. The effect of meteorological data was also studied. Overall infection of the parks showed that 118 (37%) out of 320 faecal samples, 44 (27.5%) out of 160 soil samples and 81(51%) out of 160 herbage samples were found positive for parasitic eggs/larvae whereas 243 (38%) out of total 640 samples were found positive for parasitic contamination. One hundred and eighteen (37%) out of 320 faecal samples were found positive in which 72 (61%) were positive for A ncylostoma caninum, 23 (19%) for Toxocara canis, 15 (13%) for Diplidium caninum and 8 (7%) were found positive for others. Out of 160 soil samples 44 (27.5%) were found positive for parasitic infection. Amongst these 31 (70%) were positive for Ancylostoma caninum, 9 (20%) were positive for Toxocara canis and 4 (10%) were positive for other nematodes. Eighty one (51%) out of 160 samples was positive for parasitic infection. Amongst these 48 (59%) were positive for Ancylostoma caninum, 21 (26%) for Toxocara canis and 12 (15%) for others were found positive. The total 243 (38%) out of 640 were found positive for parasitic contamination. Amongst those 53 (22%) were positive for Toxocara canis, 151(62%) for Ancylostoma caninum, 15 (6%) for Diplidium caninum and 24 (10%) for others including Tinia saginata, Strongyloids etc. To find out the prevalence of zoonotic parasites in pet dogs and cats 160 faecal, 80 for dogs and cats each, samples were collected form the pet centre of University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore. Among dogs 25 (31%) out of 80 faecal samples were positive for parasitic eggs/larvae and while in cats 23 (29) out of 80 samples were positive for parasitic eggs/larvae. Overall 48(30%) out of 160 faecal samples were found positive for parasitic infection. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1046,T] (1).

6. Comparative Efficicy Of Peste Des Petits Ruminant (Ppr) Vaccine S Available In Pakistan In Sheep And Goats

by Muhammad Intizar | Prof.Dr.Manur-Din-Ahmad | Dr.Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Prof.Dr.Azhar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Nature of contents: biography; Literary form: Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: The present study was designed to evaluate the physical factors affecting the PPR 'vaccine and also to compare the efficacy of the locally available PPR vaccines in Pakistan in sheep and goats. The current study was conducted on 120 different small ruminants ((60 sheep and goats). The humoral immune response was monitored by measuring the antibodies titre through Hl and AGID test. HI and AGID test are reliable and effective methods of diagnosing viral diseases and to evaluate the humoral immune response. It was concluded that the vaccine should he stored either at -20°C or at 4 C.The vaccine stored at 27 C had a drop in HA titre and no HA activity was found at 40 C To evaluate the HA activity of PPR virus it is better to use chicken or human group'O' R.B.Cs in a concentration of 1%. The diluent should have the pH 6.8- 7.0. By evaluating the vaccine efficacy in sheep it was found that after 14th day of vaccination there was a gradual increase in the antibodies titer till the 56th day of vaccination. The locally manufactured vaccine was having a geometric mean titre (GMT)207.9 while the (GMT) of Pestivec was 73.3. 63d day post vaccination. In goats the locally manufactured vaccine was having a geometric mean titer (GMT) 147. while the (GMT) of Pestivec was 48.5.63rd day post vaccination. No antibodies production was there in any control group. It was concluded form the study that locally produced vaccine is equally good and could be used confidently. It will save also helpful in saving the foreign reserves oh the country. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1051,T] (1).

7. Role Of Herbal Polysaccharides As Immunomodulator

by Muhammed Zafar | Dr.Aftab Anjum | Dr.Muhammed Imran Najeeb | Prof.Dr.Azhar.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: Compared to the birds in vaccinated groups that were kept without feeding Livol, the sera of the NDV vaccinated birds kept on Livol had higher antibody titers on day 42.amongst various treatment groups the highest Haemagluttination-Inhibtion titers was recorded in group C feed with Livol treated birds as compared to the other groups. The hematological parameters observed i.e. Packed Cell Volume, Hemoglobin and Total Leukocyte Count were higher in group C2 and C3 than in Group Cl, which shows that increasing Livol concentration have increased the above said parameters. The higher concentrations of Livol (Herbal Polysaccharides) have increased body weight gain than the birds fed with low concentrations of Livol (Herbal Polysaccharides). Treatment related changes in body weight, organ body weight ratio of thymus; spleen and Bursa of fabricius were also observed amongst the various groups. The addition of Livol (Herbal Polysaccharides feed to diminished the adverse/immunosuppressive effects of different vaccine on antibody titers against Newcastle and most relative organ weights. These findings suggested that Livol (Herbal Polysaccharide) can effectively stimulate/enhance the body weight gain, immunity in broiler chicks and Livol (Herbal Polysaccharides) can be potential ameliorator against various vaccines and its adverse/suppressive effects in broiler chicks. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1065,T] (1).

8. Antigenic Characterisation Of H9 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated Desi And Zoo Birds

by Farrukh Saleem | Dr.Muhammad Mahmood Mukhtar | Prof.Dr.Azhar | Prof.Dr.Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: Avian influenza is a viral infection which affects mainly the respiratory system of birds. The H7N3 subtype influenza viruses were isolated for the first time in 1994 from breeder flock in northern areas of Pakistan. A second wave of avian influenza outbreak was detected in 1999. The causative agent of this outbreak was H9N2. The H9N2 considered as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus and continuously circulating in poultry flocks causing enormous economic losses to poultry industry of Pakistan. This showed that avian influenza viruses are present in commercial poultry. Most of the efforts to isolate avian influenza A viruses are from commercial poultry and these isolations are outbreak based. That is why we have mad’ an effon to isolate and identify H9 subtype avian influenza viruses from apparently healthy live desi and zoo birds (Lahore, Pakistan). We have successfully isolate H9 subtype influenza viruses from these birds during our study. As these viruses have RNA genome and their RNA polymerase enzyme lacks proof reading activity which resulted in spontaneous mutation in surface glycoproteins (HA and NA) and reassortment of their genomic segments results in escape from host immune response produced by the vaccine. This is the reason that every year we require a new candidate virus for vaccine preparation. We have made an effort to isolate and identify avian influenza viruses from live desi and zoo birds of Lahore and performed antigenic characterization. In this way, we have been able to know the exact status of avian influenza virus strains present in the desi and zoo birds. We also have seen that the imported vaccine have less interaction with the local strains and gives less protective titer although it gives best titers when we raise antisera against imported vaccine. The local vaccines although gives a little bit less titer when we raise the antisera against these vaccines but their antisera have more interaction with the local H9 subtype antigen so it gives better protective immune response. By this study we have seen that antisera obtained from infected chicken give more antibody titer as compare to antibody raised in the rabbits. Infected chicken antisera are more reactive as compare to rabbit antisera. This shows that our isolates have highest similarity with the currently circulating viruses. All above results helped us to devise a new control strategy against avian influenza viral infections present in these local birds. The antigenic characterization of these avian influenza isolates helped us to see the antigenic differences between the isolates of this study and H9 subtype avian influenza viruses used in vaccines. Therefore, this study clearly suggests that a new local H9 subtype avian influenza virus should be used as vaccinal candidate every year for the effective control of influenza viral infections of poultry. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1082,T] (1).

9. Inter Population Variation In The Indian Flying (Pteropus Giganteus)Of Nwfp And Punjab-Pakistan

by Faiz-ur-Rehman | Dr.Muhammad Mahmood-ul-Hassan | Dr.Zulfiqar Ali | Prof.Dr.Azhar Maqbool.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The present study was designed to investigate the morphometric variations in the Indian flying fox populations inhabiting NWFP and Punjab. Intensive field efforts resulted in finding out three roosts of Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) at NWFP (one each in Peshawar, Charsadda and Mardan districts and two in Punjab (one each in Gujranwala and Kasur districts). Four specimens each, from the three bat roosts of NWFP and, three specimens each from two bat roosts of Punjab were captured and euthanized to study the inter-population variations in the Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus). The results of the inter-population variations revealed that bat samples collected from Charsadda district were not significantly different from those collected from Peshawar district. They were also not different significantly from those collected from Kasur district. The Peshawar bats also showed no significant variation with respect to their cranial depth, breadth of upper incisors, maximum dentary length and mandibular tooth row with those collected from Gujranwala as well as other districts of Charsadda, Mardan and Ksur too. The bat sample collected from Charsadda district were also not significantly different from those collected from Mardan district with respect to their body weight, length of 3 metacarpal, length of l phalanyx on third metacarpal, length of 2' phalanyx on metacarpal, length 41 metacarpal, wingspan and length of femur, respectively. Whereas these specimens were not different from Gujranwala specimens in all the norphometric parameters measured. Mardan bat specimens were also not difibrent from Gujranwala bat specimens with respect to their mastoid breadth, length of the incisor of the upper jaw and mandibular tooth row, respectively. The specimens collected from Kasur district were not significantly different from Peshawar, Mardan, and Gujranwala with respect to the length of the desired parameters taken. Inter- population variations in all other comparisons were statistically similar. Combined inter-populations variations in the body weight, external body and cranial measurements of the Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) captured from Punjab and NWFP. Of the 22 parameters studied, both populations were not significantly different ft)r any parameter. There were also no significant variations in the length of the Claw (C), Length oF the 5th metacarpal (5tI1 met) and the Condylobasal length (CBL). While the cranial depth (CR1)). Breadth of the incisors of upper jaw (J2J2), maximum dentary length (MDL) and mandibular tooth row length (MBTR) were also not different significantly in these specimens captired from two populations of Punjab and NWFP. A comparison of the two populations revealed that NWFP population had no significantly broader ear, longer femur, and deeper cranium, broader incisors of the upper jaw, longer dentary bone and longer mandibular tooth row with respect to Punjab. The body weight, external body and cranial measurements of the male and female Indian flying fox (Pleropus giganteus) populations captured from Punjab and NWFP were also had no 1significant variations in all the 22 parameters measured. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1099,T] (1).

10. Comparative Efficacy Of Billroth-1,Billroth-11 And Roux-En-Y Procedures As Remedy To Pyloric Stenosis in Dogs

by Shaista Gul Bukhari | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr.Shahan | Prof.Dr.Azhar Maqbool.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: The dog's stomach is a sac-like structure designed to store large volumes of food and begin the digestive process. Where the stomach empties into the duodenum, there is a circular valve-like muscle called the pyloric sphincter. The stomach can be divided into cardia, fundus, body, antrum, and pylorus. Gastric glands provide all the secretions.The stomach wall is made up of different layers, which are (from lumen outwards). The mucosa, the submucosa, two layers of muscularis, with an outer longitudinal and an inner circular layer the serosa. Nonspecific, self-resolving acute gastritis or gastroenteritis is the most common GI disease seen in small animals. Congenital pyloric stenosis caused by congenital muscular hypertrophy also leads to pyloric outflow Obstruction. Acquired pyloric stenosis may be the result of external compression of the pylorus, caused, for example, by a pancreatic or hepatic tumor. Pyloric obstruction is common in humans and dogs. The only conclusive diagnostic test for pyloric stenosis is a satisfactory response to surgery, Ramstedt's pyloromyotomy being the simple and safest procedure. Various surgical procedure have been described for the relief of pyloric stenosis. Pyloroplasty (Heinekemukulicz procedure) , Y-U pyloroplasty, gasttroduodenostomy, gastrojejunostomy , and the procedures including the various bypass operations. In the view of above the present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Biliroth I, Biliroth II, and Roux-en-y resection procedure as a treatment of pyloric stenosis in dogs with special emphasis on the effectiveness of procedures used in the terms of physical evaluation, healing of wound, radiography, and postmortem studies. Twenty four mongrel dogs were selected and divided into four groups comprising six animals each. In group A, group B, and group C, Biliroth I, biliroth II, and roux-en-y resection procedures were used respectively. Group D was kept as a control group. The operations were conducted in aseptic condition. The stomach was exposed through the celiotomy incision to proceed the three surgical procedures in dogs of group A, group B, and group C. The incision was closed in routine manner. Clinical evaluation was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the techniques and postmortem was performed to see the gross changes in the stomach and abdomen cavity of dog. The results of this study suggested that all the three procedures are effective roux-en-Y resection procedure was more effective and useful. Although Roux-en-Y resection procedure is more difficult procedure to perform but it is more effective than Biliroth - I and Billroth - II procedures regarding clinical evaluation (vomiting, diarrhea, healing of wound) delayed gastric emptying time and least postoperative complications and postmortem studies. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1222,T] (1).

11. Epidemiology Of Diarrheal Diseases Of Bovine Calves In Punjab

by Jawaria Ali Khan | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Prof.Dr.Azhar | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Arif Khan.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1254,T] (1).

12. Remodeling Of Histopathological Changes And Immunostimulatory Effect Of Probiotic Vitamin E-Selenium And Aniseed Supplementation in IBD Vaccinated Broiler Birds

by Aima Idrees | Dr.Asim Aslam | Prof.Dr.Azhar | Prof.Dr.M.Younus Rana.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1275,T] (1).



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