1.
Use Of Antioxidate Containing Extender To Improve Post Thaw Quality Of Canine Semen
by Zia Ullah | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity and viability of spermatozoa) using the Labrador retriever dog frozen semen.
Dog is a unique animal in terms of its semen ejaculation which is in fractions with a highly variable sperm concentration in different fractions as compared to other mammalian species like bull, boar, ram, human which have their ejaculate as a single fraction. In this study, BHT was found to improve post thaw motility, sperm viability, plasma membrane integrity and the acrosomal integrity at an inclusion level of 1.0mM in the extended semen. However, the higher concentrations than this were found to have detrimental effects on the parameters mentioned above. The reasons for these detrimental effects could be the change in osmolarity of the semen that varies in different species. The ROS production is associated with normal physiological functioning of the spermatozoa and when a semen sample is diluted the endogenous antioxidant mechanism of the semen is compromised and addition of exogenous antioxidant is needed to equilibrate. Therefore the addition of BHT at an inclusion level 1.0mM in study was found optimum and higher concentrations of this had detrimental effect on the spermatozoa, which could be due to two reasons as explained by Ijaz et al., 2009, i.e., firstly higher concentration of BHT reduce the physiological functions of the spermatozoa by extremely reducing the ROS which are needed to a certain level for physiological function of the spermatozoa and secondly it increases the fluidity of the plasma membrane above the desired levels thus making it prone to more damages.
In conclusion, BHT was found useful for dog spermatozoa at inclusion level 1.0mM, however, further studies are required to investigate the fertility of the canine semen having inclusion levels of BHT.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1184,T] (1).
2.
Temporal Analysis Of Crude Spectacled Cobra Venom On Various Haematiological And Serolocical
by Zainab Riaz | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Zia Ullah | Faculty of Biosciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: The snake venom has both neurotoxic and haemotoxic effects. The Pakistani spectacled black cobra venom is considered to be mainly neurotoxin and there is a need to evaluate its haemotoxic effects. This study aimed to determine the acute bio-physiological effects of LD50 dose of crude venom of cobraat different time intervals after I/M envenomation in mice.
The crude venom was obtained from the black cobra, Naja Naja karachensis found in the region of Mian Chanuu, Punjab and the venom was lyophilized. Twenty adult male mice, approximately 20g weight, were housed in cages for one week at the animal shed of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. Blood was drawn by cardiac puncture after general anesthesia at time 0 from the five overnight-nonfed mice injected i/m with normal saline. Remaining mice (15 in number) were injected i/m with LD50 dose (1.2mg/kg) of cobra venom. Blood samples were collected from five animals at each time intervals of 1, 1.5 and 2 hours of envenomation. The hematological and biochemical parameters studied were complete blood count, estimation of plasma glucose, plasma total protein, plasma albumin, alanine aminotranferase and urea by commercially available enzymatic kits.
There was a significant increase in red blood cells count and its indices (haemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) and platelets at 1, 1.5 and 2 hours after envenomation in albino mice compared to 0 hr.A significant decrease in the count of white blood cells was observedafter 1 hour of injection compared to 0 hr, however it was increased significantly after
2 hours of envenomation compared to 0 hour. The lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes percentageswere not changed after envenomation in mice.Plasma glucose showed a significant decrease at 1 hour of I/M injection compared to 0 hr that increased in subsequent time intervals compared to 0 hr in albino mice. The concentration of urea was significantly increased at 1, 1.5 and 2hours of envenomation in comparison with the concentration at 0 hour. The concentration of plasma total proteins showed a significant increase at 2hours of time interval as compared to 0, 1 and 1.5hours after envenomation in mice. The plasma albumin concentration at 1.5 and 2hours of time interval showed a significant increase as compared to that at 0 and 1 hour. The concentration of ALT also increased at any time interval.
Therefore it is concluded that the crude spectacled cobra venom is both neurotoxin and hemotoxic in nature.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1775,T] (1).
3.
Frozen Tectonic Corneal Grafting For Repair Of Perforating Corneal Ulcers In Dogs
by Abid Hussain | Dr. Asim khalid mehmood | Dr. Zia ullah | Prof. Dr. Aneela zameer durrani.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2069,T] (1).
4.
Comparison Of Caged And Aviary Environment On Haematological And Biochemical Profiles Of Peafowls
by Muhammad Tahir Aziz | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Zia Ullah.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2157,T] (1).
5.
Total Ear Canal Ablation With And Without Lateral Bulla Osteotomy In Dogs
by Muhammad Ismail (2013-VA-603) | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood | Dr. Zia Ullah | Dr. Waseem Yaqoob.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: The dog is one of the ancient pet animals which man is keeping for centuries. There are a number of infectious and non-infectious diseases from which the dogs suffer. Ear as an important part of the body also suffers from many diseases such as otitis externa, otitis media and otitis interna. The inflammatory ailment of external ear canal is called as otitis externa. In small animal practice 10-20% of the admitted dogs are reported with problem have the problem of otitis externa. There are different techniques for the treatment of otitis externa such as medicinal and surgical procedures. Among the surgical procedures the one procedure is total ear canal ablation. Total ear canal ablation is procedure in which both horizontal and vertical ear canals are surgically removed. In case of unresponsive condition of the skin, there is preference of TECA over lateral ear resection and should be done in combination with a lateral bulla osteotomy.
The present study was conducted on 16 clinical cases of Pet Centre, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore. The dogs were divided into two groups A and B, each group with 8 dogs. Group A was surgically operated for total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy (LBO) and was further divided into two groups (A-I, A-II), in which 4 dogs were surgically treated by TECA-LBO along with surgical placement of a passive drain system (Group A-I) and remaining 4 dogs were treated by TECA-LBO without placing the drain (Group A -II). Group B was surgically operated for total ear canal ablation without lateral bulla osteotomy, it was further divided into two groups (B-I, B-II), in which 4 dogs were surgically treated by TECA along with surgical placement of a passive drain system (Group B-I) and remaining 4 dogs were treated by TECA without placing the drain (Group B -II).
Summary
38
Out of total 16 dogs from all 4 subgroups having 4 dogs in each, wound infection was present in total 1, 2 and 1 dog of group A-I, B-I and B-II respectively, while there was no wound infection in all dogs of group A-II. Out of the total 16 dogs from all 4 subgroups having four dogs in each wound was healed in total 3, 4, 2 and 3 dogs in group in A-I, A-II, B-I and B-II respectively, while there was no healing of wound in total 1, 2 and 1 dog of group A-I, B-I and B-II respectively. The results of white blood cell count for present study showed that out of total 16 dogs from all 4 subgroups having 4 dogs in each, white blood count was different from normal range in total 1, 2 and 1 dogs of group A-I, B-I and B-II respectively indicating the infection while white blood cell count was in normal range of total 3, 4, 2 and 3 dogs in group A-I, A-II, B-I and B-II respectively. The result of present study for the wound complications showed that out of total 16 dogs from all 4 subgroups having 4 dogs in each, there were presence of complications in total 1, 2 and 1 dog of group A-I, B-I and B-II respectively, while there was no wound complication in all dogs of group A-II. It can be concluded from the results of wound infection, wound healing time, white blood cell count and wound complications for the present study, total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy is a comparatively better technique then total ear canal ablation alone. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2409-T] (1).
6.
Comparative Efficacy Of Autograft And Synthetic Bone Graft For The Repair Of Bone Defects
by Amjad Islam | Dr. Zia Ullah | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Bone graft was considered as the most commonly transplanted tissue to enhance ability to heal fractures, fracture complications and bone defects. Autologous (or autogenous) bone grafting involves utilizing bone obtained from the same individual receiving the graft. Autogenous bone graft was considered to be the gold standard for replacement of lost tissue. New bone graft substitutes have been devised in recent decades such as synthetic bone graft i.e. poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), demineralized bone matrix (DBM), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), calcium phosphate (CP), calcium sulfate (CS), hydroxyapatite (HA), highly purified bovine and xenograft , but clinical evidence of their efficacy varies among clinical and experimental studies.
Autograft (along with full cerclage wiring) was a better technique than poly methyla methacrylate (PMMA) for repair of bone defects in animals.
A total of 16 rabbits were divided into two groups i.e. group I and group II, 12-14 weeks of average age having average body weight of 1.5 kg were selected randomly and maintained at Pet Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, UVAS, Lahore. Then, a defect were experimentally created having dimension 4.5 mm wide and 8 mm deep using a lateral surgical approach in left femur in all the animals of each experimental group. Post-operative evaluation was done on the basis of radiological findings, degree of lameness and histopathology findings for the comparison of autograft and synthetic bone graft.
Summary
68
Conclusion
It was concluded from the present study that autograft was superior to poly methyl methacrylate by radiological findings, degree of lameness and histopathological findings. Autografting was the gold standard for fracture healing to be biocompatible, osteogensis, osteinductive and osteoconductive. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2407-T] (1).
7.
Infection Rate And Chemotherapy Of Haemonchus Contortus In Mouflon Sheep
by Majeed Ul Zafar Jaidi (2013-VA-890) | Dr. Waseem Yaqub | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Zia Ullah.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Mouflon sheep have lovely brown colored short haired coat. Typically it is not the wild animal found in Pakistan but a little population of Mouflon sheep is present in Pakistan in the captive vicinities like private zoo and wild life parks .Their population is countable, 150-200 Mouflon sheep are present. They can be parasitized by many nematodes, one of the most important is Haemonchuscontortus. Adult Haemonchuscontortus found in the abomasum of the animal.Female parasite can lay up to 1500 eggs in a day in mid-Summer July- August and those eggs produce the infective stage L3, which after infestation causes heavy blood loss resulting anemia, weight loss, emaciation and sudden death in acute cases compromising the production and propagation losses in Mouflon sheep.
The Mouflon sheep of various private and public Zoo and Wild Life Parks located in area of District Lahore were included in this study. A total of 100 Mouflon sheep were examined coprologically for the presence of Haemonchuscontortus for the present study. It is difficult to restrain the wild animal, a Dort was used for this purpose keeping in view of this problem about 3 gram of sample were collected early in the morning from the freshly passed feces, for this purpose disposable gloves was used on hands,the samples were collected carefully to avoid soil contamination the sample was placed in self-sealing polythene bags and were transferred to the laboratory in ice pack cooler. The samples were stored in refrigerator at 4°C till analysis.
The fecal samples were analyzed for Haemonchuscontortus eggs using direct smear method and floatation technique, while the egg count were performed by McMaster technique at medicine Laboratory University of Veterinary Animal Sciences Lahore the identification of Haemonchuscontortus was made by using standard procedures. Infection rate was calculated by using formula
Infection rate (%) = No. of infected animals (n)/ total No. of sampled animals (N) × 100
The infection rates were calculated in this study and total Thirty (33) animals were found positive after qualitative and quantitative analysis of fecal samples. The infection rate of Haemonchuscontortus in Mouflon sheep were calculated out of sampled animals which resulted the significant (P < 0.05) infection rate in females as well as in male Mouflon sheep. The infection rate in female Mouflon sheep was 33.82 % and in males it was 31.25 % in males out of positive animals. Similarly The infection rate of H. contortus in Lahore Zoo, Safari Park Lahore and Jallo Park was 29.72, 32.50, 39.13 respectively, and the infection rate of H. contortus in age group of 1-3, 4-6, 7-9 was 39.58, 27.27, 26.31 respectively.
For therapeutic trails, a total of 30 animals positive for nematodes having egg per gram between 1000---2000 were divided into 3 groups A, B, and C each group were comprised of 10 animals. The animal of group A was treated with Albendazole at the dose rate of 10 mg per kg of body weight PO; group B was treated with Levamisole at the rate of 7.5 mg per kg of body weight PO whereas the group C was treated with Pyrentelpamoate at the dose rate of 25 gram PO.The fecal sample of all groups were collected at day 0 (pre-treatment) and then at 3rd day 5th, 7th and 12th (post-treatment). The efficacies of these drugs were assessed on the bases of reduction in egg per gram and calculated as per formula of (Iqbal at al. 2013).
Drug efficacy = {(pre-treatment EPG - post-treatment EPG / pre - treatment EPG)} × 100
The chemotherapy of Haemonchuscontortusin Mouflon Sheep were studied in different 3 treatment groups. Microscopically screened out Haemonchuscontortus positive Mouflon sheep were divided in Three (3) treatment groups T 1, T 2 and T 3 and each group contained Ten (10) positive animals. Faecal samples of animals were examined at day 0 pre-treatment and at days 3, 5, 7 and 12 post treatment. All the treatment groups showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in eggs per gram (EPG) at 3rd, 5th, 7th and 12th days after treatment. The maximum reduction in EPG %age was 96.1 % showed by T 1 group treated with single dose of Albendazole at 10 mg/kg body weight at day 7 post treatment while the groups T 2 and T 3 showed maximum reduction of 95.52 % and 93.26 % at day 12th post treatment. Hence Albendazole was the best group found against Haemonchuscontortus at day 7 post treatment among the other two groups of drug used.
Data on Infection rate of Haemonchuscontortus was estimated by Pearson’s chi-square test. For significance whereas data on chemotherapy was analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS, P< 0.05 were considered significant.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2677-T] (1).
