301.
Linear Programming And Animal Nutrition
by Dent, J. B.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: UK: Crosby Lockwood & Sons Ltd; 1967Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.0840182 Dent 9312 1st 1967 A.Nutrition] (1).
302.
Scientific Principles Of Feeding Farm Live Stock
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: UK; Farmer & Stock Breeder Publications Ltd; 1959Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.084 Brighton 8216 1st 1959 L.Production] (1).
303.
Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition / 1986
by Haresign, William | D. J. A. Cole.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: UK: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1986Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.0852 Haresign 12604 1st 1986 A.Nutrition] (1).
304.
Animal Nutrition
by McDonald, P.
Edition: 3rd ed.Material type: Publisher: Hong Kong: Longman Group Ltd; 1981Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.0852 McDonald 12602 3rd 1981 A.Nutrition] (1).
305.
Recent Advances of Research in Antinutritional Factors in Legume Seeds and Oilseeds
by Muzquiz, M | Hill, G.D | Cuadrado, C | Pedrosa, M.M.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: Spain : Wageningen Academic Publishers; 2004Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 664.7 Muzquiz 18089 1st 2004 Animal Nutrition] (1).
306.
The Mineral Nutrition Of Livestock
by Underwood, J.E.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: UK: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux; 1966Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.08527 Underwood 7490 1st 1966 L.Production] (1).
307.
Food Waste to Animal Feed
by Westendorf, Michael L.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: USA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2000Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.08556 Westendorf 15427 1st 2000 A.Nutrition] (1).
308.
Feeding of Non-Ruminant Livestock
by Wiseman, Julian.
Material type: Publisher: UK: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1987Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.085 Wiseman 12598 1st 1984 A.Nutrition] (1).
309.
Recent Advances In Animal Nutrition / 1985
by Haresign, W.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: UK: Butterworths; 1985Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.0852 Haresign 12425 1st 1985 A.Nutrition] (1).
310.
Voluntary Food Intake Of Farm Animals
by Forbes.J.M.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: UK: Butterworth; 1986Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.084 Forbes 12897 1st 1986 A.Nutrition] (1).
311.
Modeling Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism
by Baldwin, R.L.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: Publisher: USA: Chapman and Hall; 1995Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 599.7350413 Baldwin 14877 1st 1995 A.Nutrition] (1).
312.
Effect Of Diets Formulated With Different Nutrient Densities On Performance And Blood Parameters Of Broilers At Different Phases.
by Hafiz Gulfraz Ahmad (2007-VA-089) | Prof. Dr. TalatNaseer Pasha | Prof. Dr. Saima | Prof. Dr. Athar Mahmud.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Poultry sector, the second largest industry of Pakistan, is growing exponentially to fulfill the growing needs of meat and eggs. Although poultry sector has shown incredible growth rate during the past decade; however, there is still gap between poultry meat demand and supply. Every living animal has a need for protein. It is the basic structural material from which all body tissues are formed. Dietary protein and metabolize-able energy content has re-emerged as a topic of interest and importance over the last few years mainly due to environmental concerns. Availability of balanced and economical ration has great importance in broiler production. Feed cost is the single most important factor, which accounts more than 70 percent of total cost in poultry production. The challenge for nutritionist and production managers is not only to provide a feed cheaper to a maximum possible level, but also to maximize profitability, because performance of the bird depends upon a broad range of dietary nutrients.
Two hundred day old chicks were purchased from the commercial hatchery. On the first day all chicks were weighed and were separated into 4 dietary treatment groups in completely randomized design so that each experimental treatment consist of 5 replicates having 10 chicks in each replicates in this way each treatment consist of total 50 chicks(4x5x10=200). Feeder and waterer were clean before start of experiment and were cleaned regularly till the end of experiment. Feed and water which were provided throughout experiment were clean, Ad libitum and completely hygenized.
Four experimental diets were prepared according to the Aviagen Recommendation (2012) but the level of ME in all groups were different, HD feed with ME (3000-3200 Kcal/Kg) and CP (19-24 %), MD feed with ME (2900-3100 Kcal/Kg) and CP (19-23), ND feed with ME (2800- 3000 Kcal/Kg) and CP (19-23 %) and LD feed with ME (2700-2900 Kcal/Kg) and CP (18-23 %) respectively. Data were collected for different parameters of growth performance, carcass traits and blood TG and HDL in mg/dl, respectively. The economics of each treatment was analyzed at the end data was analyzed through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with use of Completely Randomized Design.
The highest weight gain (1862.4± 106.56) was observed in group HD having (ME: 3000 Kcal/Kg in Starter ration, 3100 Kcal/Kg in grower ration and 3200 Kcal/Kg in finisher ration) and lowest (2974.6±26.96) was observed in group LD having (ME: 2700 Kcal/Kg in Starter ration, 2800 Kcal/Kg in grower ration and 2900 Kcal/Kg in finisher ration) at 35 days of age. Overall result showed that there was significantly decline in weight gain with decreasing level of ME in diet .Statistical analysis showed that all treatments in starter and finisher rations were different (P≤0.05) except in finisher ration.
Carcass traits were non-significant (p > 0.05) to each other throughout experiment. Dressing percentage of broilers of different treatment groups was highest (60.38±7.90) in MD group and lowest was observed in LD feed group (54.6±10.37). Dressing percentage was increased as the level of metabolize-able energy increased in diets.
The highest blood Triglyceride level (36.3±2.5) was observed in HD group and lowest (29.5±3.92) was observed in ND group. Statistical analysis showed that there was a strong significant difference (P≤0.05) among all these treatment. Same results were found in case of HDL levels in blood. Data analysis proved that MD feed was most economical with good results.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2308-T] (1).
313.
Efficiency Of Nitrogen Utilization In Response To Level Of Crude Protein Supplies In Multiparous Lactating Nili-Ravi Buffaloes
by Rizwan Munawar (2008-VA-114) | Dr. Muhammad Naveed Ul Haque | Mr. Murtaza Ali Tipu | Prof. Dr. Anjum Khalique | Dr. Qamar Shahid.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Livestock has a vital role in pakistanʾs economy. Livestock play a key role in alleviating poverty from our rural areas. Nutritional management is of keen importance in livestock business. Optimum supply of nutrients (protein and energy) is very important for precise farming. Establishing protein and energy requirement for animals has a vital role in livestock farming for guaranteeing the optimum supply of these nutrients. Under feeding and over feeding of these nutrients may negatively affect the performance of animal and also may have some adverse effect on environment by production of different types of hazardous gases. Protein requirement of buffalo depends on milk production and milk protein contents together with efficiency of conversion of dietary N to milk N. buffalo is reported to be less efficient converter of dietary N to milk N as compared to cows, however average dietary N conversion to milk still needs further investigation.
This study was conducted at Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki. Three levels of crude protein were supplied to check their effect on production performance of buffaloes. Design for the experiment was 3×3 latin square including two animals in each treatment. Experiment was completed in 63 days (21 days in each period). During the study different parameters were determined by using different laboratory techniques. Milk parameters included milk yield, milk fat, milk protein and milk lactose. Blood parameters included urea, total protein, triglycerides (TG) and glucose. Fecal sampling was done to check N digestibility and feed analysis were also performed by using standard procedures. Data were analyzed using GLM procedures of SAS.
DMI was similar at all the treatments. DMI at low CP diet, medium CP diet and high CP diet was 14.3, 14.4 and 14.1 kg/d respectively. Milk yield was also identical at all the protein supplies and was 9.90, 10.0 and 9.82 kg/d for low protein supply, medium and high protein
Summary
41
supply respectively. Milk protein contents also showed no response and were 3.99, 3.94 and 3.99 % at low CP, medium CP and high CP respectively. Milk fat contents were also same at all the treatments and these were 6.63, 6.58 and 6.67 % at low, medium and high CP level of diet. Milk lactose concentration was 5.30, 5.26 and 5.31 % at all the three diets. Similarly protein yield, fat yield and lactose yield showed no response of this dietary variation of protein. Body weights of the animals were increased by increasing CP in diet. Body weights of the buffaloes were 478.3, 498.5 and 499.1 kg at low CP, medium CP and high level of CP in diet, respectively. Nitrogen intake was significantly higher at higher CP supplies and was 248.4, 297.3 and 314.3 g/d at low protein, medium protein and high protein levels. Similarly, CP intake was higher at higher protein supplies. CP intake increased from 1.553 to 1.964 kg/d by varying protein from low to high level. Nitrogen efficiency was decreased by increasing level of CP in diet and was decreased from 24.94 to 19.64% by increasing CP from low to high level in diet. BUN was increased linearly by increasing CP in diet, whereas blood glucose and triglycerides showed no response of this dietary manipulation.
In current feeding situation, no effect of increasing protein supply was observed on production status of these buffaloes. Blood urea nitrogen was increased whereas efficiency of nitrogen utilization was decreased by increasing CP in diet. So the recommended level of CP in ration for milk yield of 10 kg with 4% protein and 6.6% fat is 10.9%. But this still needs further investigations. Current experiment served as an opportunity to explore the effect of varying levels of CP on nitrogen utilization efficiency in buffaloes. Further research is required in high forage based diets. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2327-T] (1).
314.
Animal Nutrition/ 6th ed.
by McDonald.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: India : PEARSON EDUCATION, 2003Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.085 Mcdonald 30818 1st 2008 A.Nutrition] (1).
315.
The Waltham Book of Companion Animal Nutrition
by Burger, I. H.
Edition: 1st edMaterial type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: UK: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1993Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.084 Burger 16325 1st 1993 A.Nutrition] (1).
316.
Effect Of Feeding Two Levels Of Non Fiber Carbohydrate On Production Performance Of Lactating Nilli Ravi Buffaloes
by Nadeem Haider Hammad (2007-VA-065) | Prof. Dr. Anjum Khalique | Dr. Muhammad Afzal Rashid | Dr. Muhammad Qamer Shahid.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: In Pakistan during the past decade, milk production has been increased from 27.811MT to 49.512MT.Nili-Ravi buffalo is one of the best dairy breed of water buffalo; with an average milk yield per lactation 2,430 liters (Bilal et al. 2006).Buffalo population of Pakistan is considered as valuable asset comprising the best dairy breeds of the world. Buffalo’s milk contributes approximately 68% to the total milk production in the country.
The research in dairy cattle indicated that milk production is associated directly to the type of carbohydrates fed in the diet. Carbohydrate fraction contributes approximately 70% of dry matter in the diets for lactating dairy cows. NFC is a major source of energy for lactating dairy animals. According to NRC a typical dairy ration should contain NFC between 35 to 40 % of the total dietary DM to support optimal milk production. Studies in cattle have shown positive correlation of NFC with milk production.High NFC diets have shown improved production performance in cattleTherefore aim of current experiment was to evaluate the optimal level of straw based non fiber carbohydrate TMR on production performance of lactating Nili-Ravi buffalo.
The experiment was carried out at Buffalo Research Institute (BRI), Pattokito evaluate the effect of two levels of NFC on; dry matter intake, body weight, body score, fecal score, milk production, changes in milk composition, milk production efficiency. In this experiment twelve lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes of same parity and comparable milk production were selected. Animals were housed on concrete floor and were fed individually. The shed was well ventilated.
The duration of experiment was 50 days. Animals were given adaptability period of 10 days and remaining 40 days for data recording and sample collection. Animals were randomly assigned into two dietary treatments: Treatment 1: Straw based low NFC (32%) TMR as a control and Treatment 2: Straw based high NFC (40%) TMR with n=6 animals per treatment. Diets formulated were iso-nitrogenous. At the start of experiment animals were weighed and then weekly during experimental period. Hand milking was carried out twice daily in the morning and evening at 7.00 and 19.00, respectively. Milk let down was done by calf suckling. During the entire experimental period, ad libitum availability of fresh and clean water to individual animal was ensured. The animals were fed on straw based non-fiber carbohydrate TMR once daily in the morning after milking. TMR offered and refusal was recorded daily.
The effect of treatments on milk yield, milk composition, dry matter intake and other variables was analyzed by two independent sample t-tests using Procttest procedure of SAS ( release 9.1; SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, NC).
Conclusion
In present research animals were given two levels of straw based non-fiber carbohydrate TMR and it was observed that by giving straw based low NFC (32%) TMR the production performance of Nili-Ravi buffaloes were better than NFC (40%). The results of current study should be used cautiously due to the limitations of the trail.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2352-T] (1).
317.
Basic Animal Nutrition and Feeding 5thed
by Pond, Wilson G.
Edition: 5th ed.Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: India] : Wiley, 2004Availability: No items available Checked out (1).
318.
Textbook of Feed Processing Technology
by Nityanand Pathak.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: India; Vikas Publishers; 1997Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 664 Pathak 16242 1st 1997 A.Nutrition] (1).
319.
Regulation of Feed Intake
by Heide, Daan van der | Huisman, E A | Kanis, E | Osse, J W M | Verstegen, M.
Edition: First ed.Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: UK: CABI, 1999Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0852 Heide 20012 1st 1999 A.Nutrition] (1).
320.
Applied Nutrition : Livestock, Poultry, Human, Pet, Rabbit and Laboratory Animal Nutrition
by Reddy, D.V.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: India: Oxford & Ibh Pub. Co. Pvt. Ltd., 2003Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.0852 Reddy 16615 1st 2003 A.Nutrition] (1).
321.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrition of Cattle
by Pfeffer, Ernst | Hristov, Alexander.
Edition: First ed.Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: UK : CABI, 2005Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.20852 Pfeffer 20035 1st 2005 A.Nutrition] (3).
322.
The Rumen : Digestive Physiology and Feeding Management
by Muhammad Sarwar.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Pakistan: Friends Science Publication; 2000Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 599.735 Sarwar 14666 1st 2000 A.Nutrition] (12), UVAS Library [Call number: 599.735 Sarwar 14660 1st 2000 A.Nutrition] (2). Checked out (2).
323.
Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant / 2nd ed
by Soest, Peter J. Van.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: USA : Comstock Publishing Associates, 1994Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.20852 Soest 27417 2nd 1994 A.Nutrition] (1).
324.
Feeding Strategy for the High Yielding Dairy Cow
by Broster,WH.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: UK Crosby Lockwood n.dAvailability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.084 Broster 11381 1ST n.d A.Nutrition] (3).
325.
Dairy Chemistry and Animal Nutrition
by Singh,Saurav.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: India: Centrum Press, 2013Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 637.543 Singh 29627 1st 2013 Dairy] (1).
326.
Animal Nutrition
by Singh,K.S.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: India: Kalyani Publishers, 1997Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.0852 Singh 22976 1st 1997 A.Nutrition] (1).
327.
Feeds and Feeding
by Perry,Tiden Wayne.
Edition: 5th ed.Material type: Publisher: USA Prentice Hall, 1999Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.085 Perry 14928 5th 1999 A.Nutrition] (4). Checked out (1).
328.
Feeds and Principals of Animal Nutrition
by Banerjee,G.C.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: India: Oxford Press, 1988Availability: No items available Checked out (1).
329.
Nutrition of Grazing Ruminants in Warm Climates
by Mcdowell,Russell Lee.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA, Acedemic Press, 1985Availability: No items available
330.
The Science of Nutrition of Farm Livestock
by Cuthbertson ,David Sir.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: UK, Pergamon Press, 1969Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.085 Cuthbertson 9799 1st 1969 A.Nutrition] (1).
331.
Improved Feeding of Cattle and Sheep
by Wilson,P.N.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: UK Grananda, 1983Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.085 Wilson 13493 1st 1983 A.Nutrition] (1).
332.
The Feeding of Farms Animals in India
by Lander,P.E.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: India: Biotech Book, 2001Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.084 Lander 15051 1st 2001 A.Nutrition] (1).
333.
Feeding,Digestion and Assimilation in Animals
by Jennings,J.B.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: UK. Macmillan, 1972Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.085 Jennings 10273 2nd 1972 A.Nutrition] (1).
334.
The Mycotoxin Blue Book
by Diaz, Duarte.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: UK: Nottingham University Press; 2005Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 615.95295 Diaz 18186 1st 2005 A.Nutrition] (1).
335.
Diet selection : An Interdisciplinary Approach to Foraging Behaviour
by Hughes, R.N., (editor).
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA: Blackwell Scientific Publications 1993Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 591.53 Hughes 13669 1st 1993 A.Nutrition] (1).
336.
Sheep Breeding/2nd ed.
by Tomes,G.L | Robertson,D.E | Lightfoot,R.J.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: Publisher: UK Butterworths, 1979Availability: Items available for loan: Business School Library [Call number: 636.3082 Tomes 11169 2nd 1979 Sheep] (1).
337.
Energy and Protein Requirements of Ruminants
by Alderman, G | Cottrill,B R.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: UK: CABI international; 1995Availability: Items available for reference: Pattoki Library [Call number: 599.63 Alderman 14992 1st 1995 A.Nutrition] (1).
338.
Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle
by Committee on Dairy Cattle Nutrition.
Edition: 7th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA, National Acedemic Press, 2001Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.213 CDNC 16470 7th 2001 Dairy] (1).
339.
Scott's Animal Nutrition / 4th ed.
by Summers, J.D | Scott, Milton L | Leeson, Steven.
Edition: 4th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: India: IBDC; 2001Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.50852 Summers 17060 4th 2001 A.Nutrition] (1).
340.
Scott's Nutrition of the Chicken
by Leeson, S.
Edition: 1st reprint ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lucknow: International Book Distributing; 2002Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.50852 Leeson 31116 1st 2002 Poultry] (1), UVAS Library [Call number: 636.50852 Leeson 16352 1st 2001 Poultry] (1).
341.
Equine Nutrition and Feeding / 4th ed
by Frape, David.
Edition: 4th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Chichester, West Sussex, U.K. ; Wiley-Blackwell, 2010Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.1085 Frape 31224 4th 2010 A.Nutrition] (1).
342.
Animal Nutrition
by Dr. Ashok Kumar Sharma.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: India: Oxford; 2012Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.085 Sharma 31228 1st 2012 A.Nutrition] (1).
343.
Mineral Nutrition of Livestock / 4th ed
by Suttle, N. F.
Edition: 4th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK ; CABI, 2010Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.08 Suttle 50569 4th 2010 A.Nutrition] (2).
344.
Efficiency Of Nitrogen Utilization In Response To Level Of Crude Protein Supplies In Primiparous Lactating Nili-Ravi Buffaloes
by Saba Anwar (2006-VA-68) | Dr. Muhammad Naveed ul Haque | Dr. Fayyaz Ahmed | Prof. Dr. Anjum Khalique | Dr. Muhammad Qamar Shahid.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Background:
In lactating buffaloes the protein requirements essentially depend on milk production & milk protein content together with the efficiency of conversion of dietary nitrogen to milk nitrogen. Lactating buffaloes utilize crude protein efficiently but still excrete some nitrogen (N) in feces. This inefficient N conversion results in increased feed cost and environmental pollution. There is need for the estimation of optimum level of protein required for lactating buffaloes for its maximum utilization and minimum wastage.
Hypothesis:
To check the efficiency of 3 different levels of crude protein this is better utilized for milk production of buffaloes.
Methodology:
The experiment was carried out at BRI, Pattoki. Six (6) Nili Ravi primiparous buffaloes in mid lactation were used for this experiment. Animals received 3 treatments in a 3×3 latin square design with a 21 days (d) period (total duration of experiment will be 63d). The treatments contain diets are 9% (CP9), 11% (CP11), and 13% (CP13) of crude protein content. Diet distributed as well as orts (refused) was noted on daily basis. Fodder samples were collected after every week in each period for evaluating the DM and for proximate analysis. Concentrate and wheat straw was analyzed once in each period. Milk yield of buffaloes were recorded daily and milk samples were collected for determining composition of milk. Body weights were taken on fortnightly basis. Blood samples were collected for analysis of different physiological metabolites.
Statistical Analyses:
Data was analyzed through General Linear Model by using PROC GLM command (SAS, 2004). Further polynomial linear and quadratic regression were used to determine the effects.
Outcome:
It was concluded from the study that high protein intake in the diet did not increased the DMI and milk parameters except fat contents. Level of BUN increased at high CP diet which depicts the inefficiency of nitrogen utilization by buffaloes. Buffaloes are less efficient in nitrogen utilization than cows. The low protein treatment appears sufficient to support milk production of 9 kg/d. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2453-T] (1).
345.
Effect of two Feeding Regimens of Sodium Humate on Health and Production Traits of Lactating Nili-Ravi Buffaloes
by Shaheen Iqbal (2004-VA-16) | Prof. Dr. Saima | Prof. dr. Anjum Khalique | Prof. Dr. M. Abdullah.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Thesis submitted with blank cd. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2472-T] (1).
346.
Morphological Structure Of Thalli Sheep Through Principal Component Analysis Of Body Measurements Muhammad
by Muhammad Arslan Akbar (2014-VA-07) | Prof. Dr. Khalid Javed | Dr. Afzal Ali | Dr. Nisar Ahmad.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Mutton is also very extensively used food and sources of mutton are only sheep and goat.
Sheep have a great genetic potential to fulfill the increasing demand of mutton in our country.
Body conformation and features are very important traits in milch, meat and wool animals. In
developing countries, record keeping is at initial level and the records about pedigree and progeny
of individuals are insufficient and do not provide the estimation about genetic parameters.
Therefore, phenotypic information are necessary for the explanation of relationship among linear
type traits and selection is based on these traits. Principal component analysis technique has been
used to identify the body size, body shape, head size and over all body conformation in Zulu Sheep.
Animal conformation and genetic parameters can be measured by using the technique of
phenotypic characterization.
Data on morphometric traits of Thalli sheep were collected from “Small Ruminant
Research and Development Centre, Rakh Khairewala, District Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan” and
Livestock Experiment Station, Rakh Ghulaman, District Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. Different
phenotypic parameters and twenty one (21) morphometric traits were measured on animals of
Thalli sheep. The traits measured were birth weight, body weight, heart girth, body length, withers
height, head length, head width, ear length, ear width, neck length, neck width, barrel depth, sacral
pelvic width, rump length, rump width, tail length, testes length, testes width, scrotal diameter, teat
length and teat diameter. Different phenotypic characters was recorded as body color, body shape,
eye color, head color, fore head color, face color, face structure, chin color, ear color, ear nature,
appendages color, nostril structure, muzzle structure, neck structure, tail color and tail switch.
Summary
174
Weighing balance (digital) was used for determination of body weight and a flexible
measuring tape (tailor tape) was used to record the different body measurements. To avoid
variations among individuals, measurements were taken by the same person. Animals of different
age groups were reared at these research stations. Animals were divided into different groups (A,
B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I) according to their age as 0-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, 13-15, 16-18, 19-21, 22-
24 and above 24 months. Each group was further divided into two sub-groups of males and females
animals. Normality of data were checked against all animals (overall group and separate groups)
and all animals were fallen in ±3SD but two outliers had been removed. Data on morphometric
traits were analyzed statistically for mean, range, coefficient of variation and standard error.
Pearson’s coefficient of correlation among different biometric traits was estimated and data were
generated for principal component analysis (PCA) from the correlation matrix. Regression
equations were developed for the estimation of body weight.
Descriptive statistics (mean, range, standard deviation and coefficient of variation) of body
measurements of overall female were showed coefficient of variations of overall female animals
of Thalli sheep for mostly variables were ranged from 10-20% and coefficient of variations of birth
weight and body weight were 22.38% and 25.75% respectively. Coefficient of variations of male
animals of Thalli sheep for linear body measurements were ranged 08-25% and tail length had
high coefficient of variations as 26.89%. Male animals of all age groups are heavier than females.
Correlation coefficients of morphometric traits of overall females and males of Thalli sheep
were highly positive and significant (P≤0.01) among withers height, body length, heart girth, head
length, head width, ear length, neck length, neck width, rump length, rump width, barrel depth,
sacral pelvic width and body weight. Withers height, heart girth and body length were observed to
be significantly correlated with each other as well as with live body weight of all age groups.
Summary
175
For overall female animals, two principal components were extracted with eigenvalues
9.005 and 1.558 and 56.279% and 9.740% variances for PC1 and PC2 respectively and their
cumulative variance was 66.020%. For overall male animals, three principal components were
extracted with eigenvalues greater than 1 and PC1 showed high variance 57.516% and PC2 and
PC3 had variances as 12.184% and 7.022% respectively and their cumulative was components
76.721%. In all age groups which has been studied, withers height, body length and heart girth
have high values in commonalities as well as in component matrix. PC1, PC2 and PC3 showed
maximum variations in almost all age group studied.
Regression equations developed to estimate of live weight of all age groups were indicated
that almost all equations had variables withers height, body length and heart girth.
Conclusion:
From findings of present study, it was concluded that body measurements (Withers height,
body length and heart girth) had high correlations with each other and with body weight in almost
all age groups. Principal component analysis of morphometric traits was showed that most of
variation explained by PC1 and in some groups, PC2 and PC3 had also more effects.
Commonalities were higher which showed that all the variables were important but PC1 had high
values for withers height, body length and heart girth and maximum variance. This indicated that
morphometric traits are very important for selection of genetically elite animals. Morphometric
traits can be used to estimate the body weight in the field conditions, where weighing balance is
not usually available. However, further research is needed to investigate the relationship among
different morphometric traits in other breeds of goats, sheep and other livestock breeds like cattle,
buffalo, camel and horse of the country. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2471-T] (1).
347.
Integrated Cattle Nutrition
by Maddina, Balaji Yadav.
Edition: 1st ed. Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: New Delhi: Random Publications; 2016Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.084 Maddina 32589 1st 2016 A.Nutrition] (2).
348.
Animal Nutrition
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Availability: No items available Checked out (1).
349.
Effect Of Different Sources Of Selenium On Egg Production, Egg Quality And Egg Selenium Concentration In 2ND Phase Of Laying
by Farhat Abbas 92013-VA-891) | Prof. Dr. Saima | Prof. Dr. Anjum Khalique | Dr. Jibran Hussain.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Se is an essential element required for the human body. On the daily basis food consumed by human does not fulfil the requirement of Se for the body. Se cannot be directly consumed as it is harmful for the human body that’s why scientist are trying to produce Se enriched foods for human consumption. In this way eggs are the best medium through which consumable Se can be provided to the human by fortifying eggs when Se given to the birds in feed.
Different sources of Se supplementation in the diet may affect the egg shell quality, albumin height and selenium concentration in the eggs when given to ISA hi-sex white commercial layer.A total of 240 birds from ISA hi-sex fed with two Se sources and having three levels (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg/kg) each i.e. organic Selenium Yeast (SY), inorganic Se as Sodium Selenite (SS) and combination of organic and inorganic sources of selenium (SY+SS) one control were used in present study. Daily egg production, egg weight and weekly feed efficiency was recorded. Egg shell thickness, egg shell weight, albumen height, yolk index and haugh unit were measured every week. Whole egg Se concentration was determined 2nd, 4th and 8th week of the experiment.
Data collected were analyzed through completely randomized design (CRD) under one ANOVA technique (Steel et al. 1997). Means were separated through Duncan’s Multiple Range test (Duncan’s, 1955) with the help of SAS 9.1. The results of the observed study showed that supplementation of organic Se in the layer hen’s diet improved the albumen height (mm), Haugh unit score and yolk index. In this experiment different sources and levels of Se did not show the statistically significant difference in the results of egg production, egg weight, egg shell weight and egg shell thickness. All the sources and levels of Se improved the whole egg Se concentration and the organic Se showed much better results in whole egg Se concentration as compared to other sources of Se. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2574-T] (1).
350.
Impact Of Digestible Lysine, Methionine + Cysteine Ratios On Growth Performance, Ileal Digestibility Of Protein And Gut Health In Broilers Fed Different Protein Sources
by Ch. Ahsan Akram (2009-VA-397) | Prof. Dr. Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr. Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani | Prof. Dr. Athar Mahmud.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Poultry production is a vibrant segment of agriculture in Pakistan. Genetic selection and nutritional improvements resulted in accelerated growth rate and better FCR in modern broilers. This improved broiler performance requires greater amount of digestible nutrients. Since feeding cost accounts about 70% of total production cost and protein is the most expensive component of poultry diets. Future poultry diets, therefore, will be formulated by using cheaper and poorly digestible protein sources such as CM and SFM due to price volatility of highly digestible but expensive sources like SBM. The undigested protein in hind gut is subjected to microbial fermentation, results in formation of nitrogenous products that are not only harmful to birds, but also excreted into litter bedding and generate ammonia, nitrous acid and nitrous oxide, the latter one is a powerful greenhouse gas with an effect about 300 times compared with carbon dioxide. The potential solution to this problem is supplementation of synthetic amino acids in low nutrient density (CP) diets formulated by using cheaper and poorly digestible protein sources. Therefor a study was designed with the objectives to determine the impact of dLys, M + C ratios on growth performance, apparent Ileal digestibility of protein and gut health in broilers fed poorly digestible protein sources (CM and SFM). An experiment with 432 mixed sex (Ross 308) 1-d-old broilers was conducted to test the hypothesis that supplementation of Meth may improves growth performance, apparent Ileal digestibility of protein and gut health in broilers fed poorly digestible protein sources (CM and SFM). The interaction effects of the protein source (CM vs. SFM), CP levels (high vs. low) and dM+C/d Lys (recommended vs. supplemented) were tested in a factorial arrangement of 8 (2 × 2 × 2) dietary treatments. The supplementation of Meth positively influenced FI (P = 0.042), BWG (P = 0.003) and FCR (P <0.001). The broilers fed Meth supplemented diets had, on an average, 10% greater apparent Ileal digestibility of protein, 34% longer villi, 24.5% shorter crypts and 60% greater VCR compared with those fed diets with recommended levels of Meth. The levels of CP, similarly, influenced (P <0.001) the FI, BWG and FCR. The broilers fed high CP diets had 9% improved apparent Ileal digestibility of protein compared with those fed low CP diets. In conclusion, supplementation of Meth improves the broiler growth performance, apparent Ileal digestibility of protein and gut health fed poorly digestible protein sources (CM and SFM). The negative effects of poorly digestible protein sources thus may be partially ameliorated by supplementation of Meth.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the negative effects of poorly digestible protein sources thus may be ameliorated by supplementation of Meth. Supplementation of Meth above the recommended levels improves the growth performance, Ileal digestibility of protein and gut health in broilers fed poorly digestible protein sources (CM and SFM).
SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATION
Further research is needed to evaluate the different strategies to improve the digestibility of poorly digestible protein sources including guar meal. Threonine also has an important role in gut health so there is a need to study the effects of supplementation of threonine above the recommended levels in broilers fed poorly digestible protein sources. Feed form has pronounced effects on gut development, digestibility of nutrients and subsequent growth performance of birds. There is a dire need to evaluate the other cheaper protein sources, supplemented with synthetic amino acids and to find out a possible interaction between feed form and poorly digestible protein sources that may replace SBM in broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2567-T] (1).
