1.
Animal Nutrition / 6th ed
by McDonald.
Edition: 6th ed.Material type: Publisher: India: PEARSON EDUCATION, 2012Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.084 McDonald 6th 2012 31226 A.Nutrition] (5).
2.
Animal Feed Contamination : Effects on Livestock & Food Safety
by Gremmels, Johanna Fink | Fink-Gremmels, J.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: New Delhi: Woodhead Publishing, 2012Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 664.76 Gremmels 1st 2012 29170 A.Nutrition] (1).
3.
Advances in Dairy Animal Production
by Singh,Ajay.
Material type: Publisher: New Delhi: Centrum Press; 2013Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.214 Singh 1st 2013 29642 L.Production] (1).
4.
Modelling Nutrient Utilization in Farm Animals
by McNamara, John P | France, James.
Edition: First ed.Material type: Publisher: New York: CABI, 2000Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.2085 McNamara 15419 1st 2000 A.Nutrition] (5).
5.
Analytical Techniques in Animal Nutrition
by Singh, Saurav.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: New Delhi: Centrum Press; 2013Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.08984 Singh 1st 2013 29169 A.Nutrition] (1).
6.
Animal Feed Technology
by Shukla, R.N.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: New Delhi: Centrum Press; 2013Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.084 Shukla 1st 2013 29171 A.Nutrition] (1).
7.
Ruined by Excess, Perfected by Lack : The Paradox of Pet Nutrition
by Patton, R.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: UK : Nottingham University Press, 2011Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 664 Patton 1st 2011 29174 A.Nutrition] (1).
8.
Hand Book of Applied Animal Nutrition
by Niranjan, P. S.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: Lucknow : International Book Distributing Co, 2010Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.084 Niranjan 1st 2010 29000 A.Nutrition] (2), UVAS Library [Call number: 636.084 Niranjan 1st 2010 29001 A.Nutrition] (1).
9.
Mathematical Modelling in Animal Nutrition
by France, James | Kebreab, Ermias.
Edition: First ed.Material type: Publisher: UK: CABI, 2008Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.08520115118 France 1st 2008 29172 A.Nutrition] (1).
10.
Tables of Composition and Nutritional Value of Feed Materials
by Sauvant, Jean-Marc Perez, Gilles Tran Daniel.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: Publisher: Netherlands: Wageningen Academic, 2004Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.084 Sauvant 18084 2nd 2004 A.Nutrition] (1).
11.
Progress in Research on Energy and Protein Metabolism
by Souffrant, W.B | Souffrant, W.B | Metges, C.C.
Material type: Publisher: 1st : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2003Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 612.39 Souffrant 18083 1st 2003 A.Nutrition] (1).
12.
Energy Metabolism In Animals
by Chwalibog ,A | University, Purdue | Jakobsen, Kirsten [Editor].
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: [UK: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2001Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 612.39 Chwalibog 18082 1st 2001 A.Nutrition] (1).
13.
Roughage Proceeding Technology
by Kundu, S.S | Mahanta, S. K | Singh, Sultan | Pathak, P. S.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: New Delhi: Satish Serial Publishing House; 2005Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 633.2086 Kundu 17731 1st 2005 A.Nutrition] (1).
14.
Range Management
by Holechek, Jerry L | Pieper, Rex D | Deceased, Carlton H. Herbel.
Edition: 6th ed.Material type: Publisher: USA : Prentice Hall; 2010Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.0845 Holechek 30348 6th 2011 Livestock] (1).
15.
Fattening Of Lambs With Different Vegetable Protein Sources
by Mohsin Raza Malik | Dr . Muhammad Yapoob Malik | Dr . Nisar Ahmad | Dr . Rashid.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0055,T] (1).
16.
Effect Of Different Dietary Antibiotics On The Growth Response Of Broiler Chicks
by Haq, A | Sagir Ahmed Jafri | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0056,T] (1).
17.
Effect Of Feeding Ensiled Sugar Cane Tops With Or Without\Added Urea And Molasses In The Fattening Ration Of Male Buffaloe Calves
by Saeed-ur-Rehman | Nisar Ahmed | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0058,T] (1).
18.
Effect Of Alkali (Lime And Sodium Hydroxide) Treatment On The Nutritive Value Of Wheat Straw In Sahiwal Calves
by Ashfaq Ahmad | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Ehtisham Pervaiz | NIsar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0059,T] (1).
19.
Substitution Of Maize Grains With Various Sources Of Added Vegetable Fat On The Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Aamer Zia | Nisar Ahmed | Ehtisham | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0060,T] (1).
20.
Studies On The Use Of Sunflower Oil Meal As A Vegetable Protein Supplement In Broiler Rations
by Karim, A | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed | Sagir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0061,T] (1).
21.
Effect Of Ammoniation And Sodium Hydroxide Treatments On The Nutritive Value Of Rice Straw In Fattening Of Sahiwal Calves
by Rehman, A | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed | Sagir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0062,T] (1).
22.
The Effect Of Repllacement Of Corn With Wheat In Broiler Ration
by Khalid Mehmood Khan | Sagir Ahmed Jafri | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1983Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0063,T] (1).
23.
The In Vitro Study On Comparative Digestibility In Cow And Buffalo Of Different Fodders Availale In West
by Mohsin Shah, S.M | Dr.Muhammad Yaqub Malik | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0065,T] (1).
24.
Influence Of Varying Levels Of Energy With Constant Level Of Protein On The Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Agha Asad Nayyar | Nisar Ahmed | Javaid Ahmed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0066,T] (1).
25.
Studies On The Use Of Sunflower Oil Meal In Broiler Rations
by Naseem Anwer | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0067,T] (1).
26.
Comparative Nutritive Value Of Sodium Hydroxide Treated Rice Straw In Pattening Rations Of Male Buffaloe Calves
by Iftikhar Ali | Sagir Ahmed Jafri | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0068,T] (1).
27.
Studies On Yield And Chemical Compostion Of Milk As Affected By Feeding Npn (Urea) In Lactating Buffaloes
by Ashraf Iqbal, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed | Sagir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0069,T] (1).
28.
Urea As A Protein Substitute In The Pattening Of Sheep Under Feed Lot System
by Jamil Basra, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0070,T] (1).
29.
Comparative Study Of Buffalo And Cow Milk As Asn Extender For The Semen Of Cattle And Buffalo Bulls
by Ashraf Bajwa, M | Not Available | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1970Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0071,T] (1).
30.
The Effect Of Different Feed Incredients As A Predisposing Factor Of Hydropericardium Syndrome In Broiler
by Amer Habib | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0072,T] (1).
31.
Studies On The Use Of Sunflower Meal As Vegetable Protein Supplement In Broiler Rations
by Rehman, A | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0073,T] (1).
32.
Studies On The Use Of Soybean Oil Meal As A Vegetable Protein Supplement In Broiler Rations
by Nawaz Saeed, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed | Saghir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0074,T] (1).
33.
Availability Of Calcium From Different Sources In Layers
by Riffat Hamid, Ch | Mubashar Ahmed Shah | Muhammed Nawaz Asghar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1979Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0076,T] (1).
34.
Influence Of Varying Levels Of Tallow On Economical Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Asif Humayun, Ch | Nisar Ahmed | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0078,T] (1).
35.
Factors Influencing The Feeding Value Of Rice Bolishing For Broilers
by Sabir, M | Mubasher Ahmed Shah | Javaid Ahmed | Muhammed Nawaz Asgher.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1979Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0079,T] (1).
36.
Effects Of Substitution Of Fish Meal With Meat Meal On The Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Ittifaq Shaheen, M | Nisar Ahmed Mian | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0080,T] (1).
37.
Linseed Cake As A Protein Source In Broiler Rations
by Sultan Mahmood | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Nisar Ahmed | Saghir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0081,T] (1).
38.
Influence Of Varying Levels Of Maize Oil On The Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Azam Chohan, M | Nisar Ahmed | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0082,T] (1).
39.
Influence Of Various Treatment Of Rice Bran On Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Asad Masood, Dar | Nisar Ahmed | Ehtisham Pervaiz | M.Y. Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0083,T] (1).
40.
Studies On The Effects Of Processing Temperatures On The Nutritive Value Of Sunflower Meal For Poultry Feeding
by Tariq, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed Nawaz Asgher | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0084,T] (1).
41.
Effect Of By Pass Fat On The Performance Of Indegenous Cross Bred Dairy Cattle
by Iqbal Shahid, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The performance of liverstock is largely affected by their level of energy intake. To increase milk quantity and quality energy dense ingredient i.e "By Pass Fat" (priplus prime manufactured by UNICHEMA. Pvt, Australia was included in the ration of dairy animals to determine its effect on the productive performance of indigenous cross-bred dairy lactating cattle.
For this purpose 12 cross bread (Freisian x Sahiwal) cows in early lactation period, of almost similar lactation number, milk production and body weight were randomly selected and divided into three group (A, B & C) comprising of 4 animals each.
Three concentrates were prepared in such a way to have 16% C.P & 1.37 Mcal/Kg M.E Concentrate I was taken as control. 10% "By Pass Fat" was incorporated in concentrate II which was isocalorics & isonitrogenous to concentrate I and 500gm "By Pass Fat" per animal per day along with concentrate I was supplemented in ration Ill. These three concentrate I, II & Ill were fed to the animals of group A, B & C respectively.
The average total milk production of the animals of groups A, B & C fed rations I, II & Ill were recorded 4478.79, 4663.42 & 4663.39 litter respectively, where as the average total feed consumed by the animals of group A, B & C was 13307, 13121 & 13128.5 Kg. respectively.
The best feed efficiency (2.81) of animals of groups B & C fed rations II & Ill, where as the poor feed utilization (2.97) was observed in the animal of control group (A). The average total weight gained by the animals of groups A, B & C fed rations I, II & Ill were 43, 54 & 89 Kg. respectively.
The results thus obtained showed significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the weight gain, milk production, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the animals of groups B and C fed ration II (10% "By Pass Fat") and ration Ill (additional supplementary feeding of 500 gms by pass fat) as compared to the animals of group A fed ration I (control).
However, there was non significant difference in the milk production, weight gain & feed utilization of the animals of group B & C fed ration II & Ill containing 10% "By Pass Fat" and 500gm additional supplementary feeding of "By Pass Fat" over above recomended nutrient requirements in the ration of dairy cattle. The data an milk composition showed nonsignificant effect in the milk of the animals fed different experimental rations.
There was 4% increase in the milk production of the animals fed ration containing 10% "By Pass Fat" as compared to the milk production of the animals fed ration containing no "By Pass Fat". -
Possibly this might be because of lower genetic potential of the animals.
Therefore "By Pass Fat" proved better source of energy as compared to Carbonecious ingredinets.
An additional supplementary feeding of 500 gm "By Pass Fat" over & above the recommended nutrient requirement in the rations of dairy animals did not show any increase in the milk production of the animals.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0220,T] (1).
42.
Comparative Nutritive Value Of Cottonseed Oil, Rapeseed Oil And Soyabean Oil, On The Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Zahid Mahmood | Nisar Ahmed | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: An experiment was conducted to study the comparative nutritive value of cotton seed oil, maize oil, rapeseed oil and soyabean oil on weight gain, feed efficiency, feed consumption, dressing percentage, iodine value and liver weight of broiler chicks. A ration without any added fat was kept as control. Cotton seed oil, maize oil, rapeseed oil and soyabean oil were incorporated at 2 and 3 percent levels in experimental starter and finisher rations respectively. The rations were tried on one hundred and fifty (150) dayold broiler chicks of both sexes for a period of 50 days. The starter rations were fed upto 28 days of age and finisher rations were fed from 29th day to 50 days of age
The result showed that growth of chicks was influenced by the type of oil used. The ration containing maize oil was the best for growth and feed utilization, followed by rapeseed oil, soyabean oil and cotton seed oil containing rations. The addition of vegetable oils in the starter as well as finisher rations have growth promoting effect in broiler chicks and improved the feed efficiency significantly. The difference in feed consumption among different rations were found to be statistically non-significant. The oil supplementation at 2 and 3 percent level (starter and finisher ration respectively) from different vegetable sources did not influence the dressing percentage and liver weight of broiler chicks. Iodine value of abdominal fat of chicks was significantly influenced by the addition of different vegetable oils in broiler rations.
The addition of vegetable oils in broiler rations improved the growth rate, feed efficiency and effected the iodine value of body fat of chicks and the rations were economical as compared to the rations without added oils. The economical picture depicted that ration containing added maize oil was the best in formulating an economical broiler ration.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0221,T] (1).
43.
Ricepolishing (Solvent Extracted) As Source Of Energy In Broiler Rations
by Maqsood Ahmed | Javaid Ahmed Qureshi | Ehtisham | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: R ice polishing is the finally ground powdered material obtained in the polishing of kernels of rice after the hulls has been removed. Rice polishing furnishes almost equivalent energy as other cereals and at the same time is a good source of protein and water soluble vitamin especially Thiamine and Niacin. Its fiber content is comparatively higher than the cereal grains. It also contains a considerable amount of oil which is Viable to become rancid, if stored for longer period, so its oil should be extracted to improve its quality and to store it for a longer period. Rice polishing (sol. ext.) at present is not utilized efficiently for feeding of poultry due to presence of certain growth inhibitory factor.
The present study was planned to replace maize with rice polishing (sol. ext.) at different levels in the broiler rations and to find out suitable treatments of autoclaving to reduce/remove the growth inhibitory factors. Two experiments were conducted using day old "Indian River" broiler chicks as experimental birds.
In the first experiment the replacement of maize with rice polishing (sol. ext.)at different levels was studied. Growth rate, feed comsumption, efficiency of feed utilization and dressing percentage of chicks were recorded.
There was a non significant difference in weight gain of chicks fed rations containing 0, 10, 20 & 30 percent rice polishing (so!. ext.). However, the feed utilization was reduced significantly (P < 0.01) as the level of rice polishing (so!. ext.) was increased in the rations.
In the Experiment II, effect of different treatments on the nutritive value of rice polishing (sol. ext.) was studied. Treatments included autoclaving for 30 minutes, autoclaving for 60 minutes and autoclaving for 30 minutes with 20 percent moisture. autoclaving treatments significantly (P < 0.01) improved the growth rate and feed efficiency of chicks as compared to the control ration (without autoclaving). Best weight gain and feed efficiency was found in the chicks fed ration containing rice polishing (sol. ext.) autoclaved for 60 minutes. This indicated that autoclaving had reduced/removed the antinutritional/growth inhibitory factor(s) present in the indigenous rice polishing. The autoclaving with 20 percent moisture was in effective to further improve the nutritive value of rice polishing for broilers.
CONCLUSION:
The findings indicate a significant growth depression along with poor utilization of feed by chicks fed rations containing higher levels of rice polishing (sol. ext.).
Autoclaving treatments improved the nutritive value of rice polishing (sot. ext.), as indicated by better growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks. Autoclaving with increased, moisture was ineffecting in further improving the nutritive value of rice polishing for broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0230,T] (1).
44.
Studies On The Use Of Rice Gluten Meal As Protein Supplement In Broiler Rations
by Basharat Ali | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed | Nisar ahmed Mian.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Proteins are one of the major components of poultry feeds, supplied mainly through animal and vegetable protein supplements. Rice gluten meal, a vegetable protein supplement is the byproduct of starch industry, left after the starch is washed out of rice tips flour. It is insoluble in water and greyish (beige) in colour. It has 43% crude protein and 3300 k.cal/kg. energy. On the basis of high protein and energy it could be used in the poultry feeds. The meal is commercially available in the country.
The present study was planed to find out the effect of feeding different levels of rice gluten meal on the growth rate and feed utilization of broiler chicks and to determine the effect of different amino acids supplementation and mechanical treatment on the nutritive value of rice gluten meal. Two experiments were conducted using day old Hubbard' broiler chicks as the experimental birds.
In the first experiment RGM was used at different levels substituting soybean meal on protein equivalent basis. The results indicated that the best growth rate and feed consumption of the chicks were observed in the ration containing 10% RGM. However, there was a progressive decrease in the weight gain of the chicks when RGM level was increased beyond 15%. The chicks growth depression was the highest (P<0.01) when RGM was used as sole source of protein. The best chicks growth performance of the ration containing 10% rice gluten meal and 25% soybean meal might be due to complimentary effect of amino acids of the two vegetable protein sources, while the poor chicks growth performance and feed consumption on account of feeding higher levels (30 and 38%) of RGM might be due to the poor quality of protein or growth inhibitory factor(s) in the indigenous rice gluten meal. The feed efficiency of the chicks was also significantly (P<0.01) lower when RGM was used as the sole source of protein. A similar trend as that of weight gain was observed in carcase weight of the chicks fed different experimental rations. A significant (P<0.01) hypertrophy of the pancreas was recorded in the chicks fed ration (G) containing the highest level of RGM as compared to the control. This indicated the presence of some growth inhibitory factor(s) in the indigenous rice gluten meal.
In the second experiment effect of lysine and methionine supplementation and autoclave treatment on the inutritive value of rice gluten meal was studied. The lysine supplementation of RGM significantly improved the growth rate, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the chicks as compared to the control indicating that the meal was deficient in lysine. A further significant (P<0.01) improvement was observed in growth rate, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the chicks fed lysine supplemented and autoclaved RGM ration as compared to the control indicating that autoclave treatment might have removed or reduced the antinutritional factor(s) of RGM whereas the deficiency of lysine was compensated through synthatie lysine supplementation. There was no significant improvement in weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the chicks fed ration containing lysine + methionine supplementation as compared to the ration containing lysine supplementation. This showed that RGM was not deficient in methionine. A similar trend as that of weight gain was recorded in carcase weight of the chicks fed different experimental rations. There was observed a significant (P<O.05) decrease in pancreas hypertrophy in the chicks fed lysine supplementation and autoclaveci RGM ration as compared to the control indicating that autoclave treatment might have removed or reduced the growth inhibitory factor(s) of RGM.
CONCLUSION
Rice Gluten Meal (RGM) was deficient in lysine and contained some growth inhihitroy factor(s).
Autoclaving and lysine supplementation in rice gluten meal improved the nutritive value of the meal as indicated by better growth rate and best feed utilization for broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0249,T] (1).
45.
Comparative Nutritive Value Of Different Vegetable Protein Supplements On The Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Ghulam Baqar | Nisar Ahmed | Javaid Ahmed | muhammed YAqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: A research project was undertaken to study the nutritive values of cotton seed meal, sesame cake and different combinations of these two on the performance of broiler chicks. The performance of chicks were studied under the headings of weight gain, feed efficiency, feed consumption dressing percentage and economics. Five starter rations containing 20,15,10,5 and 0 percent C.S.m along with 0,6,12,18 and 23.5 percent sesame cake and five finisher rations containing same proportions of C.S.m as in starter rations along with 0,5.25,10.50, 16 and 21 percent sesame cake were tried on one hundred and fifty day old broiler chicks of both sexes for period of 50 days. The starter rations were fed up to 28 days of age and remaining 22 days the finisher rations were fed. The results showed that the starter ration containing 10% C.S.m along with 12% sesame cake (Ration C) was best in promoting weight gain and feed utilization. Finisher ration containing 10% C.S.m along with 10.5% sesame cake (Ration Cl) was best in promoting weight gain, however as regard the feed efficiency, the ration containing 20% C.S.m (Ration Al) was the best. At the end of experiment dressing percentage and economic of different rations were considered. Dressing percentage value was highest of the chicks fed on ration C though statistically it was non-significant from the chicks fed on other rations. Ration E was economical as regard cost per KG live I weight.
It was concluded that the ration containing efficient proportion of both the vegetable protein supplements (10% C.S. meal and 12% Sesame Cake in starter ration and 10% C.S. meal and 10.5% sesame cake in finisher ration) was better as compared to any other ration. This was due to supplementary effect of both the vegetable protein supplements to each other deficiencies.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0254,T] (1).
46.
Study On Mineral Imbalances In Crossbred And Nondescript Cattle On Pakistan
by Sharif Saghar, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Minerals are the essential nutrients having significant role in the animal nutrition because of both their excess and deficiency produce detrimental effect en the productive and reproductive performance of the animals. In the present study the levels of macro and micro mineral elements were studied in crossbred and non-descript cattle of Punjab and Sind provinces of the country. For this purpose M6 blood samples from both the local breeds been' randomly collected from districts of Lahore, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Sargodha, Jhang, Faisalabad, Okara and Sahiwal of Punjab province and Karachi , Hyderabad and Tharparkar of Sind province. These areas were included in the study because of higher population of dairy cattle. The blood samples were collected from four different classes of cattle i.e.. calves, heifers, dry pregnant and lactating non pregnant. The serum was separated from the blood samples. Ser4Jm samples were analysed f or calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese and iron. Sodium and potassium were analysed on flame photometer while calcium magnesium, 7)n4 copper, manganese and iron were analysed on atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Double beam spectrophotometer was used for the estimation of phosphorus. The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using complete randomize design arid the differences in the means were tested using DMR test.
The mean values of serum minerals in crossbred cattle of Punjab province were Calcium 7.04 mg/100ml, phosphorus 2.94 mg/100 ml, sodium 125.17 meq/L, potassium 4.67 meq/t, magnesium 2.49 mg/100 ml, zinc 0.81 ppm, copper 0.69 ppm, manganese 0.45 ppm and iron 1.26 ppm. Highly significant difference (P<0.0l) in the values of serum minerals of crossbred cattle were found among districts while difference among various classes of crossbred cattle were non significant (P>0.05). The mean values far non descript cattle of Punjab and Sind provinces were, calcium 6.83 mg/100 ml phosphoras 2.83 mg/100 ml. sodium 130.10 meq/L, potassium 4.96 meq/L.. magnesium 2.55 mg/ 100 ml, zinc 0.86 ppm, copper- 0.72 ppm, manganese 0.47 ppm and iron 1.32 ppm.. Highly significant difference (P<0.01) was found among various classes in different districts of Punjab and Sind province. The variation in the mineral status of the animals under study might be due to many factors Like breed of animals, plane of feeding practices, composition of soil, source and supply of water and climatic conditions of the region etc.
The serum mineral values observed f or crossbred and non--descript cattle of Punjab and Sind provinces of the country were relatively lower than the exotic breeds reported in the literature. While comparing the serum mineral values of crossbred with non-descript cattle, lower values for most of the minerals were found in crossbred cattle except calcium and phosphorus.
Severe deficiency of serum phosphorus, zinc and copper was observed in both breeds of cattle of Punjab and Sind provinces of the country, while a mild deficiency of serum sodium and manganese was recorded. Crossbred animals were found more prone to mineral deficiencies as compared with the non-descript animals.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0255,T] (1).
47.
Effect Of Sodium Hydroxide Treated Rice Straw In Sheep Fattending Rations
by Jafar Pervez Naqvi | Saghir Ahmed jafri | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: An experiment was designed to study the effect of Sodium hydroxide treatment on the nutritive value of rice straw and its effect on growth rate, feed consumption feed efficiency and digestibility when fed to sheep. Sixty four lambs were included in the trial and randomly divided into four groups having four replicates in each group. Four rations A, B, C and D untreated and treated with 2%, 4% and 6% NaOH were prepared and alloted randomly to four groups of lambs. The experiment lasted for 84 days.
There was a significant improvement (P<O.05) in the weight gain and feed efficiency of lambs fed ration containing rice straw treated with 6% NaOH as compared with lambs fed ration containing untreated rice straw. Significant difference (P<O.05) in feed consumption were also observed between the lambs fed treated and untreated rice straw. The lambs fed ration containing untreated straw consumed significantly (P<O.OS) less feed than the lambs fed ration containing rice straw treated with 4%, & 6% NaOH. The digestibility trial revealed that the lambs fed ration containing rice straw treated with 2%, 4% and 6% NaOH had significantly higher (P<O.05) values of digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and nitrogen free extract than the lambs fed ration containing untreated rice straw. However, non-significant difference (P<O.05) in digestibility were observed between the lambs fed rations treated with sodium hydroxide at different levels.
The study indicated that nutritive value of rice straw was improved by the treatment of sodium hydroxide at a significant level(P>0.05) for fattening the animals. Treatment with 6% Sodium hydroxide was proved significantly better (P>0.05) as lambs fed ration D containing rice straw treated with 6% NaOH gained more weight showed better feed efficiency and digestibility.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0264,T] (1).
48.
Studies On The Chick Growth Inhibition Of Rapeseed Meal
by Zaboor Khan, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Nisar Ahmed | Saghir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Rapeseed meal is one of the by-products of the oil industry obtained after the extraction of oil, generally by expeller method. The meal i. a good source of vegetable protein which could be incorporated in different poultry feeds. The use of rapeseed meal as a vegetable protein source in poultry feeds is limited due to its growth inhabitary effects. The meal contains a sulfur containing glucoside called 'Goitrin' which during digestion by an endogenous enzyme, 'myrosinase'is hydrolyzed to volatile, 'isothiocyanate', an antinutritional factor for poultry.
The present study was designed to determine the effect of growth-inhabiting factor in indigenous rapeseed meal on the growing chicks and to improve its nutritive value for poultry feeding, through different mechanical and chemical treatments like solvent extraction, autoclaving, water treatment and ferrous sulphate treatment.
For this purpose two experiments were designed. In both the experiments day old 'Indian Rivers" broiler chicks were used as experimental animals. In the first experiment effect of feeding different levels of rapeseed meal on the growth rate, feed consumption and feed utilization of the chicks were determined. Effects of rapeseed meal on the internal organs, dressed weight and dressing percentage of the chicks were also studied.
Feeding different levels of untreated rapeseed meal in lieu of soybean meal in 1st experiment showed non-significant differences in weight gain, feed utilization, dressed weight, dressing percentage and weights of internal organs amongst the groups and replicates except the thyroid gland. This might be on account of the lower content of 'Allyl-isothiocyanate the antinutritional factor present in the indigenous rapeseed meal. However, there was a slight depression in the growth rate of the chicks fed rations containing different levels of rapeseed meal.
It was observed that feeding of rapeseed meal at more than JLO% of the ration significantly increased (P/O.OJ) the weight of thyroid glands. There was almost a proportionate increase in the weight of thyroid glands of the chicks fed rations with increasing levels of rapeseeed meal.
The second experiment was designed to study the effect of different mechanical and chemical treatments on the nutritive value of rapeseed meal. For this purpose, 'apeseed meal after autoclaving, solvent extraction, water and ferrous sulphate treatments was incorporated at 20% level in the experimental rations.
The treatments of the meal did not improve the weight gains, feed utilization and dressed weight of the chicks as compared with untreated rapeseed meal. This might be due to the reason that the indigenous rapeseed meal contained a lower level of glucosinolate, the antinutritional factor responsible for growth inhabition in chicks and thus the effect of different treatments to reduce the level of the glucosinolate of the meal was not significant. There was, rather more depression in growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks fed rations containing water treated rapeseed meal. This might be attributed to the formation of more toxic compounds during the microbial fermentation in water treatment of the meal.
Conclusion
Results of the experiments indicated almost a proportionate decrease in the growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks fed rations containing different levels of rapeseed meal. However, there was no significant difference in the weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the chicks, fed rations containing different levels of rapeseed meals.
There was no effect of different mechanical or chemical treatments of rapeseed meal on its nutritive value except water treatment, which, rather produced adverse effects on the growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks. This might be due to the fact that the indigenous meal contained a lower level of 'Allyl-isothiocyanate' the antinutritional factor responsible for growth inhabition of the chicks.
Recommendations
Based on the results of the present study it is recommended that rapeseed meal upto a level of 10% could be incorporated in broiler rations without impairing the growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0273,T] (1).
49.
Effect Of Urea Treatment On The Nutritive Value Of Wheat Straw In The Fattening Of Buffalo Calves
by Ajmal Javed | Muhammed Yoob Malikaq | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0278,T] (1).
50.
Mineral Imbalances In Dairy Cattle Of Pakistan
by Ghulam Hussain | Muhammed Yaqoob malik | Mian nisar ahmed | Rashid Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: To determine the mineral status of indigenous cattle about 300 blood samples were collected from Lahore, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Sahiwal, Okara, Faisalabad, Sargodha, Jhang and Gujrat districts of Punjab, and Hyderabad, Mirpurkhas and Karachi districts of Sindh because of having high population of cattle. The blood samples were collected from four different groups of cattle (1) calves (2) heifers (3) dry pregnant (4) lactating non pregnant. The serum was separated from blood samles by centrifugation. Serum sample were analysed for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Iron and Cobalt. (Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium were analysed on spectronic 20. Sod)1I1 and Potassium were analysed on flamphotometer. Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Iron and Cobalt were analysed on atomic absorption spectrophotometer)The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis by using complete randomized design and the differences in means were tested by using (LSD Test) least significant difference test.
The mean values of serum mineral in cattle of Punjab were, Calcium, 9.34+ 0.41 mg/100 ml, Phosphorus 4.660.25 mg/100 ml, Magnesium 2.02±0.23 mg/100 ml, Sodium 290.61 11.8 mg/l00 ml, Potassium 18.55±0.56 mg/100 ml, Zinc l.06±0.09 ppm, Copper 1.05±0.14 ppm, Manganese .56±0.04 ppm, Iron 1.38±0.06 ppm and Cobalt 0.089±0.007 ppm. The mean value of serum mineral in cattle of Sindh were Calcium 8.83±0.43 mg/100 ml, Phosphorus 4.48±0.23 mg/l00 ml, Magnesium 2.08+0.21 mg/100 ml, Sodium 273.43±18.69 mg/100 ml, Potassium 18.21±0.72 mg/100 ml, Zinc 0.96+0.12 ppm Copper 0.96±0.11 ppm, Manganese 0.54±0.05 ppm, Iron 1.2±0.157 ppm and Cobalt 0.085.±0.009 ppm. Nonsignificant difference in values of serum minerals in cattle (P> 0.05) were found within different groups and between provinces, while significant differences were found between districts (P< 0.05). This variation may be due to different plan of nutrition composition of soil water and climate etc.
The serum Calcium values were almost normal but mild deficiency was found in cattle of Gujrat, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Jhang districts of Punjab while Karachi and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The serum Phosphorus level was low in cattle of Punjab and Sindh and acute deficiency was observed in Faisalabad, Gujrat, Shéikhupura and Jhang districts of Punjab, Karachi and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The serum Magnesium values showed deficiency in Sheikhupura, Sargodha and Jhang districts of Punjab and Karachi district of Sindh. The serum Sodium values were almost normal in cattle of all districts. The serum Potassium values were normal in cattle of all districts except Sargodha in Punjab. The serum Zinc values were low in animals of all districts and severe deficiency was found in cattle of Okara, Sahiwal and Sheikhupura districts of Punjab and Karachi Hyderabad, and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The serum Copper values of animals were found low in Okara, Lahore and Sheikhupura districts of Punjab and Karachi and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The serum Manganese values were found deficient in districts of Gujranwala, Gujrat, Sahiwal, Sheikhupura and Jhang in Punjab and Hyderabad district of Sindh. The serum Iron values were normal in animals of both provinces of Punjab and Sindh except Lahore,, Sargodha, Jhang and Sheikhupura districts of Punjab and Hyderabad district in Sindh. The serum Cobalt values were found low in cattle of Sahiwal, Okara and Sheikhupura districts of Punjab and Karachi and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The overall mineral status of cattle of Punjab province was slightly higher than Sindh except Magnesium mineral and the difference was nonsignificant while between the groups of animals were found non significiant. The variation in serum mineral values in cattle might be due to plan nutrition, low mineral status of soil, composition of water and climate etc.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0310-T] (1).
