1.
Prevalence Of G.Ilt. Namatodes In P:Heasants At Lahore Zoo/Jallo Wildlife Park & Its Chemotherapy With Oxfendazole (Oxafax) & Febental [Rintal]
by Makhdoom Najaf, Muftee | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
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not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: This experiment was conducted to find out that efficacy of various anthelmintics in birds (Pheasants) for the treatment of Ascaridia, Heteraki and Trichostrungylus.
Thirty six pheasants naturally infected were selected for study. They were divided into 3 groups that in A, B & C. The anthelmintics used were Rintal and Oxafax. They were given to Group A, B respectively. Group C was considered as control to know the increase in the number of eggs per gm. of feces during the experimental period, showing the increase as 2375 and 2908 and 8.34% and 32.66% on third and seventh day of experiment.
Fecal samples were obtained from pheasants owing to Punjab Wildlife Department, i.e. Lahore Zoo and Jallo Wildlife Park, Lahore brought to Medicine Lab., College of Veterinary Sciences Lahore of -rye samples were done:
a. Before the administration of drugs.
b. After 3rd day of treatment.
c. After 7th day of treatment by using MC. Master technique.
As regards the efficacy of the drugs, the Rintal was found highly effective and reduced 90.58 eggs per grams of feces, Oxafax reduced 82.42%.
In addition to effectiveness, Rintal was also the cheapest, anthelinintic out of two. So Rintal was recommended for field use. It was observed thak incidence of infection (Ascaridia, Heterakis) in Lahore Zoo was 25% and incidence of infection in Jallo Wildlife Park was 23% overall incidence was 24%. In Lahore Zoo the prevalence was 60.11% for Ascaridia and for 1-leterakis 38.88% whereas in Jallo Wildlife Park, Lahore it was 65.21% for Ascaridia and for Heterakis 34.78% respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0172,T] (1).
2.
Study & Comparative Efficacy Of Oral & Injectable Levamisole Against G.I.T. Nematodes In Cattle And Buffaloes
by Anwar Hayat Hanjra | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: This project was designed to find out the incidence of gastrointestinal nematodes and to chalk out the comparative efficacy of Levamisole Hcl oral and Levamisole Hcl injectable (Anthelmin powder and injection) in young buffaloes and cattle upto two years of age at Lahore and adjacent areas. The therapeutic trials were conducted on both sexes of buffaloes and cattle having moderate to heavy infection. The efficacy was evaluated on the basis of reduction in EPG (eggs per gram of the faeces) by using MoMaster technique.
Out of the total 300 faecal samples collected directly from the rectum of experimental animals, 128 were positive for G.I.T nematodes and incidence was found to be 42.66%. The eggs of different species of nematodes, as Neoscaris vitulorum, Haemonch, Cooperia, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus etc. were identified from the faecal samples. It was observed that the incidence of G.I.T nematodes was 44.50% and 39.83% in buffaloes and cattle respectively.
Out of the 128 positive animals ninety animals were selected for the drug trials and divided into three groups of thirty animal each i.e groups A, B and C. The anthelmin tic efficacy of Levamisol Hcl oral and Levamisol Hcl injectable against G.I.T. nernatodes was observed by administering the drug to group A and B respectively and group C was kept as non-medicated control. The efficacy was determined on basis of reduction in number of ova count discharged in faeces post medication. The percentage efficacy observed on 14th day was 96. 71% and 97. 80% in buffaloes and cattle respectively, for Levamisole Hcl oral. The efficacy was 98.62% and 98.29% in huffa1oe, and cattle respectively for Levamisole Hcl injectable.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0237,T] (1).
3.
Comparative Study Of Acaricides (Ivermectin & Asuntol) For The Treatment Of Mange Mites In Sheep
by Allah Diwaya Khan | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Ectoparasites are major problem creaters in the smooth rearing of sheep. Ainongs the ectoparasites mange mites are of prime importance as 'they damage skin, hide and wool etc. In the present study Iverinectin and Asuntol were used for the treatment of mange mites. A single subcutaneous injection of Ivermeotin 1% at dose rate of 1 nil/adult gave a cure of 80% adjudged on day 14 post treatment. A single spray of 0.1% solution of Asuntol could eliminate the condition in 65% of the clinical cases. On the same day in the animals which were kept as control (untreated), no spontaneous recovery was noted rather the condition aggravated.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0238,T] (1).
4.
Study Of Coccidiosis In Different Age Groups & Estimation Of Haemaglobin, Pcv And Total Proteins In Camels
by Ashfar-ur-Rehman | Muhammed Sarwer khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Mubasher | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of coccidiosis in different age groups of camels and to estimate haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and total serum proteins in positive cases. For this purpose study was carried out on 300 animals of different age groups of camels (calves, young and adult) brought to Lahore abattoir for slaughtering during a period between June to August 1991. The investigation showed that out of 300 animals, 29 (9.66%) were positive for coocidiosis.
It was also observed that infection rate was higher in calves (25.86%) than in young (5.62%) and adult camels (6.09%). The study also indicated that the prevalence of coccidiosis remained as in the month of June (8.42%), July (9.60%) end in August (11.25%).
The present investigation revealed that an average haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and total serum protein were 9.2 ± 0..3g/100 ml, 35..27 ± 0.46% and 8.3 ± 1.0g/100 ml of positive animals respectively.. It was recorded that 19 animals showed decrease in haemoglobin, 6 showed increase in packed cell volume and 9 showed increase in total serum protein.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0246,T] (1).
5.
Incidence Of Surra (Trypanasomiasis) & Estimation Of Blood Glucose Protein P.,C.V. Values In Camels Grought To Lahore Abbatoir
by Saleem Ahmad, S | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Asif Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Trypanosomiasis in camels caused by T. evansi occurs in both acute and chronic forms. In chronic forms huge production loss occur, i.e lower milk and meat yields. The present study had been designed to find out the incidence of the disease and estimation of blood glucose ,P.C.V. and protein level , it will eventually lead to the control of Trypanosomiasis.
For the incidence, blood samples were col- lected from Lahore abattoir and the presence of Trypa- nosome was confirmed by making smear from freshly collected blood samples from the ear vein.For the haematological study blood was collected from jugular vein in the glass tube . The values of protein , PC.V. and blood glucose was estimated by standard method.
Out of 500 samples 24 were proved to be positive i.e 4.80 % sample were positive.Whereas in the month of July 1991 it comes 4.16 %,In the month of Aug. 91 estimated as 5.58 % and during Sept. 91 was estimated as 4.30 %.
On examining the values of serum protein ,blood glucose and Packed Cell Volume ( P.C.V.) of the positive samples they showed slight increase in protein value ,decrease in glucose value and also reduction of P.C.V. values. Their mean values were calculated as 9.55 g/100 ml,29.07 mg/100 ml and 20.25 % respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0247,T] (1).
6.
Chemotherapy Of Fascioliosis With Nitroxynil And Estimation Of Serum Bilirubin & Sgot Levels In Sheep And and Goats
by Ayaz Wazir, Malik | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
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not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Fascioliasis is one of the major economically important diseases affecting a mass population of sheep and goats in Pakistan. The present study was designed to find out the prevalence of fascioliasis in N.W.F.P., and the serum bilirubin and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activities in sheep and goats before and after treatment with Nitroxynil.
In this study out of 240 sheep and 360 goats forty sheep (16.667.) and forty goats (11.117.) were found positive for fascioliasis, by applying direct smear and zinc sulphate floatation technique. The eggs per gram of faeces were done by Mc Master eggs counting technique. Serum samples of forty sheep and forty goats positive for fascioliasis and twenty sheep and twenty goats negative for the same were examined for bilirubin and SGOT activities before & after medication with Nitroxynil with a dose rate of 1 ml/20 kg body weight, sub cutaneously. The drug was highly effective in all the infected groups of the animals in eradication of fascioliasis. The efficacy of the drug in the form of the eggs per gram of faeces count was determined and was recorded as 83.907. in sheep and 85.977. in goats.
The mean serum bilirubin value of group "C6" was 0.24 mg/dl, which raised to 0.61 mg/dl, in group "A and to 1.19 mg/di in group "Be". Serum Bilirubin levels of group "Co" was 0.25 mg/dl at day zero while it was 0.69 mg/dl in group "Ag" and 1.09 mg/dl in group "Eg" animals on the same day.
The mean serum bilirubin values of group "C5 and Cg" remained unchanged after 14 days of treatment, while these values were 0.33 mg/dl and 0.33 mg/di in groups "As & Ag" respectively, after 14-days of medication. Similarly in groups "Ba & 8g" the reduction in serum bilirubin after 14- days post treatment also occured and the mean values were recorded as 0.62 mg/di and 0.52 mg/dl respectively.
Pre-medication mean serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activities in group "C5 and Cg" were 40.14 units/mi and 40.15 units/mi respectively. The level of SOOT in these groups remained unchanged after medication, while serum 60T values were 86.95 units/mi and 80.77 units/mi in group "As and AQ" and were 96.75 units/mi and 106.27 units/mi in group "B5 and Bg" respectively, before treatment.
After 14 days of treatment with Nitroxynii the SOOT values of the above groups were significantly reduced, and the values recorded were 70.00 and 54.89 units/mi in "A5 and Ag" and 75.47 and 57.88 units/mi in group "Be, Bg" respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0328,T] (1).
7.
The Efficacy Of Ivomec Injection, A Broad Spectrum Anthelmintic, Against Gastro-Intestinal Nematodes & Lung Work In Sheep
by Karamat Ullah | Muhammed sarwer Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Mubasher | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: A study was conducted to find outs the efficacy of a newly introduced, ((in Pakistan ) broad-spectrum anthelminitic injection i.e. ivomec (ivermactin H.S.D. Agvet) against the naturally infected sheep in District Guiranwala, Which were very heavily infected with G.I.T. nemtodes and lung worms. The animals were emaciated, in Diarrhoe-al condition, rough wool coat and with cough. (confirmed by feacel egg and larval count examinations).
In total 90 sheep were rendemly selected for this study. They were divided into three equal group each containing 30 animals namely A, B. & C. (Group A positive for G.I.T. nematode infection, group B positive for lung worm infection and group C kept as non-medicated infected control). Group C was further divided into group C1, kept as control against the nematode infected group & Group C2 kept as control against the lung worms infected group.
The drug was used according to the manufacturer recommended dosage i.e. 0.2 mg/kg body weight injection by sub-contaneous route. The drug revealed a high efficacy (100%) against the G.I.T. nematodes and lung' worm infection. The egg counting and larval of lung worms counting was performed on the 0, 3rd, 7th and 10 day of the treatment. The E.P.G. and larval count was 0 at 3rd, 7th and 10th day of treatment which indicated that this drug was 100% effective against- G.I.T. nematodes and lung worms.
A 0.75 kg weight gain was seen in the treated groups while animals of control groups reduced weight. No side effects of medicine were recorded during the experiment.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0329,T] (1).
8.
Efficacy Of Ivermectin (Ivomec) Against Mange Mites And Warbles In Goats
by Saleem Qasur | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0380,T] (1).
9.
Bioavailability Of Gentamicin In Male Buffalo Calves
by Hasan Raza, S | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Prof. Dr. Saghir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin sulphate were investigated in the same 20-male buffalo calves heal thy after intravenous administration and after intramuscular administration. The blood samples were collected at various time intervals following administration of single dose of 4 mg/kg. The concentrations of Gentamicin in serum samples were determined according to the microbiological assay described by Arret (1971). The plasma concentrations of gentarnicin at different time intervals after injections were plotted on semi-logarithmic graph paper. The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated according to the method described by Gibaldi (1984). Results were expressed as mean ± SD.
The peak concentration of 11.273 ± 0.4976 µg/ml reached in 31.092 ± 1.217 minutes after intramuscular injection. Keeping intravenous as standard the relative bioavailability after injection was 82.5%.
The half-life was 97.29 ± 5.259 minutes after I/v injection mean ± SD, volume of distribution was 202.36 ± 8.486 ml/kg/ The volume of distribution at steady stage (Vdss ) was 214.67 ± 20.99 ml/mm. The total body clearance of gentamicin was 1.7382 ± 0.0738 ml/kg.
Pharmacokinetics parameters of gentamicin were seemed to be independent of rout of administration at the dosage level applied.
The pharmacokinetics evaluation by compartmental method and non-compartmental method was not found significantly different.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0390,T] (1).
10.
Effect Of Experimentally Induced Coccidiosis On Some Blood Parameters And Its Treatment With Three New Anticoccidial Drugs In Broilers
by Arshad Latif Arshad | Dr. Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmed | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: One hundred and fifty day 01(1 broiler chicks were obtained from a local hatchery. They were reared upto day 26. All the birds were given feed having no coccicliostat.
At the age of 26 clays the birds were divided into five groups A, B, C, D and E. The D and B were control groups. The test groups were infected with 75000 sporulated oocysts On 26th day of age, group D was infected and non medicated while group E was kept non infected and non medicated. The group A, B and C were treated with clopidol, monensin and salinomycin respectively after the appearance of clinical symptoms.
The total oocyst counts in all groups on zero day of infection were nil and on 1st, 5th and 9th day of medication, groups A, B, C, D showed 25800, 20400, 23800, 197500 oocysts counts respectively, while group B examined nil being control non infected group.
The mortalities observed in groups A, B, C, D and E were 6, 2, 3, 8 and nil while percent mortality was 20%, 6.66%, 10%, 26.66% and 0.00%. In treated groups, monensin showed least mortality.
The feed intake and feed conversion of groups A, B and C were almost equal. While group D (infected and non medicated) was relatively poor. As far as group E (non infected and non medicated) is concerned it showed better results.
In haematological studies the average values of haemoglobin levels, erythrocytic count and total serum protein were lower post infection as compared to the respective control group E (non infected and non medicated). The total leukocytic count was increased in all groups as compared to group E (non infected and non medicated). The differential leukocytic count, the lymphocyte decreased, heterophils and monocytes increased. The eosinophils and basophils showed variation in their number.
The study showed efficacy of Monensin, Salinomycin and Clopidol in descending order respectively. Monensin was to be drug of choice against coccidiosis.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0428,T] (1).
11.
Effect Of Fascioliasis On The Blood Picture And Comparative Efficacy Of Different Fasciolicidal Drugs In Sheep
by Shazia Maqbool | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Dr. Mubasher | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0471,T] (1).
12.
A Comparative Study Of Different Anaesthetic Combinations In Equine
by Sajid Ijaz | Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Mubasher | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: These days the scope of anaesthesia is consistently increasing due to increase in surgical patients in veterinary practice. This change in trend is due to the awareness of the owners to different surgical problems and their solutions. They do not hesitate to get their animals treated with modern equipments and highly expensive medicine. To meet this challenge and demand of the owners, veterinary surgeons are taking keen interest to get the advanced knowledge and latest information of modern equipments and their usage in veterinary practice.
In the past surgery was performed by making temporary insensibility by asphyxiation, cerebral concussion by striking wooden bowl placed over the head with a hammer and a regional anaesthesia was attained by compression of nerves and blood vessels of the region to he operated upon. But these days different sedative and anaesthetic agents are being used to make the animal desensitize from all external stimuli. These drugs are available in volatile, nonvolatile and gaseous forms. The usage of anaesthetic agent entirely depends upon the species, age, weight, temperament of the patient, nature of the operation to he performed, cost and availability of the drug.
In this project three different combinations were tried in thirty animals of equine species to find out the best selection for major surgical interventions. The animals were divided into three groups often animal each. These groups were designated as Group A, B and C. Group A was anaesthetized with XylazineiPentothal sodium, Group B with Acepromazine/Pentothal sodium and Group C with Diazepam/Pentothal sodium. The efficacy of these combinations was measured on the basis of nature of induction, recumbency period, nature of recovery, different body reflexes, recording temperature, pulse, respiration, and statistical analysis of results.
The analysis of the results collected during this study clearly indicated that a combination of cliazepam with pentothal sodium was a better selection for anaesthetizing equine patients. This study aslo proved that combination comprising of xylazine and pentothal sodium could he used for minor surgical interventions as it produced light surgical anaesthesia.
It was concluded that a combination consisting of diazepam and pentothal sodium should be used for all types of major surgical procedures in equine practice.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0476,T] (1).
13.
A Serological And Coprological Study Of Paramphistomiasis In Buffalo
by Jameel Ahmad | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Dr. Haji Ahmed | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: Two hundred faecal samples, serum samples and paramphistomes used in the present study collected from main slaughter house of Lahore and from surrounding of the city.
Faecal examinations were carried out with fresh smear technique and 61.5% animals found positive for paramphistomiasis. Serum was separated from the blood samples collected from infected and suspected buffaloes for the performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Paramphistome crude antigen was prepared from fresh stomach flukes, which contained 95.66 mg proteins/mi at 545 nm.
For performing the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, the 96 well ELISA plates were coated with crude antigen & kept overnight & then the other procedure for the assay was followed, & the serum samples were tested with paramphistome crude antigen. In positive samples, the yellowish-brown colouration was formed.
In faecal examination, 61.5% and in the ELISA 100% of the animal found positive.
From the conclusion of the results if was found that ELISA (100%) has given more positive results then faecal examination (61.5%).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0490,T] (1).
14.
A Clinicopathological Study Of Lactic Acidosis In Sheep And Goats
by Usman, M | Dr. Khalid Pervez | Dr. Javed | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: A total of 100 sheep and goats suffering from lactic acidosis brought to Outdoor hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore were selected as experimental animals while the same number was kept as control to access the events of lactic acidosis. The temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, rumen and serum p11, serum bicarbonate, packed cell volume, ruminal movements and ruminal protozoa of the two groups were studied.
It was found that rectal temperature, blood pH, rumen p11, serum bicarbonate and ruminal movements decreased significantly in acidotic group as compared to control group. Simultaneously the pulse rate, respiration rate and packed cell volume increased, significantly in lactic acidotic group as compared to control group. Mean values observed in goat were serum pH 7.075±0.11 rumen p11, 4±0.57 serum bicarbonate, 12.42±0.59 mEq/liter, packed cell volume 67.50±3.2%, temperature 100.9±0.19°F, pulse rate 168.6±3.77 per minute and respiration rate 17.00±0.82 and in sheep mean values were 7.025±0.85, 4±0.57, 12.42±0.66 rnEq/liter, 64.25±0.21%, 100.9±0.82 °F, 168.6±3.77 per minute and 17.00±0.82 per minute respectively.
The rumen protozoa was found to be completely destroyed in the experimental group. There was complete ruminal stasis in lactic acidotic group.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0550,T] (1).
15.
Retrospective Epidemiological Study And Clinico Serological Observations On Haemorrhagic Septicaemia In Cattle And Buffaloes In District Dera Ghazi Khan During 1996
by Zaka Saeed | Dr. M. Athar Khan | Dr. M. Naeem | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: An active surveillance was conducted to understand the incidence and economic losses due to Haemorrhagic septicaemia in randomly selected 10 villages of tehsil/district Dera Ghazi Khan. The informations about the morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates
related to HS were collected on a prescribed questionnaire during the previous year.
The data of 4248 animals from the affected villages was cllected which included 2963 buffaloes (1042 young and 1921 adult) and 1285 cattle (417 young and 868 adults). The morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates were 22.3%, 19.64% and 88.04% in buffaloes (with 57.58%, 52.30% and 90.83% in young and 3.17%, 1.92% and 60.65% in adult animals) and 6.07%, 3.19% and 52.56% in cattle (with 8.63%, 5.27% and 61.11% in young and 4.83%, 2.18% and 45.23% in adult animals) respectively.
The clinical signs observed were body temperature 104-107°F (17.39%), respiratory distress (14.61%), salivation (14.54%), nasal discharge (9.67%) and edema around throat (9.34%).
The average total serum protein, serum albumin and serum globulin of diseased buffalo were 4.99g/dl, 2.60g/dl and 2.42g/dl while in diseased cattle the values were 5.78g/dl, 2.47g/dl and 2.35g/dl.
Indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) used for the antibody detection against H.S. revealed that the GMT of diseased buffaloes and cattle was lower than that of healthy animals. No carrier buffalo and cattle could be detected by nasopharyngeal swabs.
Economic losses due to haemorrhagic septicaemia have been estimated to be Rs. 2.615 million per annum.
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16.
Evaluation Of Liver Functions At Varying Degrees Of Hepatectomy In Dogs
by Farhan Ahmad Atif | Dr. M. Arif Khan | Dr. Asim Aslam | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Liver is the most important organ because of its multiplicity of functions. It played a pivotal rote in the nutrition and maintenance of the body.
In this project 16 dogs were taken and divided into 4 groups comprising 4 dogs each. In group-A total removal of right lateral lobe was performed. In group-B half part of the right lobe was resected. Group-C was sham operated in which only laparotomy was experienced. Whereas, group-D acted as control.
Liver function tests were conducted in all the groups before and after surgery. rfhe.e was slight elevation in the values of liver enzymes which remained within the normal range except alkaline phosphatase.
Metabolic ability was not affected appreciably after resection of half and complete removal of right lateral lobe.
All the dogs were euthanized after 8 weeks post-operatively. The dogs of group-B showed hepatic regeneration that was 31.2, 38.8 and 28.3 percent in dog No.6, 7 and 8 respectively. The histopathology of regenerated tissue revealed normal hepatic tissue.
The analysis of results has clearly indicated that resection of liver upto this extent does not alter liver functions noticeably and thus partial hepatectomy can be performed without any fear.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0596,T] (1).
17.
Prevalence Of Canine Babesiosis In District Lahore & Comparative Efficacy Of Different Drugs Against Naturally Infected Dogs With Babesiosis
by Haroon Ahmad | Dr.Khalid Pervaiz | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.S.A.Jafri | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0655,T] (1).
18.
Magnitude Of Health Problems Of The Livestock Population, Serological Findings And Cost/Benefit Ratio At A Farmer Level
by Ajmal Shahid, M | Dr . Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr . Muhammad | Dr . Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: An active surveillance was conducted in 10% villages of canal irrigated, waterlogged, Idara-e-Kissan, river side and urban areas of tehsil Renalá Khurd district Okara through a questionnaire over a period of one year i.e. March, 1998 to February, 1999 to determine the magnitude of various livestock health problems.
In total buffalo population 7333 of all the strata morbidity, mortality case fatality was 57.73%, 10.07% and 17.45% while in 2635 cattle, these observation were 38.44%, 1.25% and 3.2% respectively due to various livestock problems. In 3445 goat, 1604 sheep population, the result were 27.95%, 8.06%, 28.86% and 30.17, 9.35%, 30.99% respectively. The highest incidence of haemorrhagic septicaemia 25.38% and 6.48% in young and adult buffalo population respectively was observed in river side area. Waterlogged area was next 24.38%1and 5.165% to river side while least incidence in urban area. Foot and mouth disease incidence was highest 19.28% and 22.01% respectively in young and adult buffalo along river side with no incidence in urban area. Highest. incidence of diarrhoea 11.11% in young buffalo population was observed in waterlogged area.
Similarly highest incidence of Mastitis observed was 3.07% in waterlogged area in adult cattle. The highest incidence 23.64% of FMD was observed in waterlogged areas.
Incidence of enterotoxemia in young sheep population were high 18.40% than young goat 12.35% while it was high in adult goat 10.23% than 8.99% in adult sheep.
Total economical losses due to various livestock disease was calculated R.8408067 (US$ 158642.77). The cost and benefit ratio at a farmer level was 1:2.03.
Antibodies were detected against haemorrhagic septi caem i a through IHA, in buffalo and cattle revealed that highest GMT in vaccinated buffalo and cattle was 55.69 each. These titers were also observed in affected and unvaccinated (might be as carrier) along with the recovered animals.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0664,T] (1).
19.
Comparative Efficacy Of Different Drugs Used Against Mange Mite Infestation In Sheep
by Zafar Iqbal, Syed | Dr . Lftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr . Asif | Dr . Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: Parasitic inFestation arc the major problem that hinder in the smooth rearing of sheep. Among the parasitic infestations ecto parasites are of major importance. Among the ecto-parasites mange mites are of prime importance as they damage skin, hide, wool etc. Mange mile infestation is considered to be highly responsible for substantial economic losses in the livestock industry (Hourrign, 1979).
The present study was conducted to determine the comparative efficacy of different drugs used against mange mites in sheep. For this purpose a total of 60 animals diagnosed positive by skin scraping technique (Tarry, 1991) were randomly divided into 3 groups (A, B and C) each group comprising of 20 animals. Group A was treated with Ivojec (Ivernwctin 1%) at a dose rate of lml/50 kg body weight. Group B was treated with Seguvon (Trichiorphon) at a dose rate of 10gm/lit/animal. Group C was kept as positive untreated control. Observations were made at one week intervals for 3 weeks.
The overall efficacy of Ivermectin and Seguvon at the end of study was 90% and 80% respectively.
Animals were also observed for any side effect of the product. No side effect was observed during and after the study completion in both groups i.e. A and B group. No spontaneous recovery was noted in control group.
From the present study it is concluded that Ivojec (Ivermectin) is the drug of choice for the treatment of mange mite infestation in sheep.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0677,T] (1).
20.
Effect Of Different Antimicrobials At Therapeutic Dose Level On Blood Parameters Of Clinically Normal And Diseased Sheep
by Sheraz Bashir | Dr . Muhammad Athan Khan | Dr . Muhammad Ashraf | Dr . Saghir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The effect of amoxycillin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol at therapeutic dose level on the blood parameters of clinically normal and diseased (pyretic) sheep was studied in 18 febrile and 18 non febrile sheep for a period of 3 consecutive days.
Amoxycillin treated diseased animals showed a gradual decline in temperature, pulse, respiration rate, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count and total serum protein, while total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, total leukocyte count, eosinophil count and basophil counts were increased. In oxytetracycline treated affected animals, temperature, pulse, total erythrocyte count, neutrophil count, monocyte count, basophil count and total serum protein decreased while respiration rate, packed cell volume, total leukocyte count, lymphocyte count and eosinophil count increased gradually with time. In chloramphenicol treated pyretic animals temperature, pulse, respiration rate, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, basophil count and total serum protein decreased and packed cell volume and eosinophils increased while no effect was noted on monocyte count from day zero progressively.
In amoxycillin treated non affected animals, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophil increased while pulse, total leukocyte count and total serum protein decreased and no effect was observed on temperature, respiration and basophil count. In oxytetracycline treated normal animals pulse, respiration rate, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, total leukocyte count and eosinophil increased while neutrophil and total serum protein decreased gradually and there was no effect on temperature, lymphocytes, monocytes and basophils. In chloramphenicol treated clinically normal animals, pulse, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophH increased while total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, neutrophil and total serum protein values decreased from day zero to onward. But there was no effect on temperature, respiration rate, packed cell volume and basophil count from day zero to day second.
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21.
Investigation On Epidemiology And Economics Imporatanc Eof Major And Common Livestock Diseases In Distt. Gujrat
by Mohammad Riaz | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Livestock sector has faced great set back in its development programmes because of the economic losses resulting from various animals diseases. Such losses, though highly colosol in nature, had never been determined precisely in the past, hence, it became a dire necessity, the present study aimed at estimating the losses caused by various animal diseases in District Gujrat and to find out the possible contributory factors.
An active surveillance was conducted, in Tehsil Gujrat. The data was collected by a survey on the basis of a comprehensive questionnaire through personnel interview of livestock owners at their places. The blood samples were collected of aborted animals and serum samples were submitted to College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore, Laboratory for diagnosis of brucellosis.
In pursuance of the present study the data was analyzed statistically and the main conclusions drawn were as under. The incidence, mortality rate and fatality rate due to H.S. were in young buffalo 14.64%, 12.40% and 84.69%. In adult buffaloes were 2.36%, 1.01% and 42.79% respectively.
Diseases of various categories have been given below in order of their respective rate of mortality such as abortion 0.29% in buffalo, 0.44% in cattle and 0.08% in goat. Mastitis in buffalo 0.04%, Haeinoglobinurea in buffalo 0.46% and in cows 0.44%. Milk fever in buffalo 0.17% post parturient prolapse in buffalo 0.25%, Metritis in buffalo 0.17% and in cattle 0.22%. In case of foot and mouth disease in young buffalo incidence 5.75% and in adult 11.72%. In cattle incidence was 9.01% in young and in adult 15.11%. In case of enterotoxaeinia disease in young goat, the morbidity, mortality and fatality 0.75%, 0.75% and 100% respectively. In adult goat 10.60%, 9.83% and 92.73% respectively. In case of young sheep incidence, mortality and fatality rate were 10.08%, 9.24% and 91.66% in adult sheep 10.89%, 7.26% and 66.66% respectively.
A monetary loss of Rs.1.33 million was estimated annually in buffalo and cattle, sheep and goat, due to various diseases in surveyed area in District Gujrat.
It is evident from the informations gathered from the respondents that the livestock owners residing at distant places from a veterinary hospital may not comfortably utilize the hospital facilities.
The village ponds as the important disease spreading factor among the livestock (Nazir al. 1978) poisonous plants and entry of new animals to herd flock with out adopting precautionary measures.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1139,T] (1).
22.
In-Vetro And In-Vivo Anti-Theilerial Activity Of Medicianal Plants
by Mukhtar Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: In vitro study was carried out in order to estimate the anti-theileria effect of Calotropis procera and Peganum harmala. Water and chloroform extracts of each plant were used in-vitro study along with standard drug Buparvaqoune (Butalex®). For this four concentrations i.e.4, 8, 12 and 16mg/ tested solutions of each extracts of each plant were applied on cultured lymphocytes exposed to theileria parasite infection. ELISA reader findings showed that the mean OD were found less in treated theileria infected lymphocytes cell culture as compared to untreated culture wells mean OD values. The highest cell reduction (94.36%) with C. procera chloroform extract treatment was observed at a concentration of 16 mg/ml solution. Lowest concentration (1mg/ml solution) of C. procera chloroform extract reduced non-significant (P>0.05) lymphocytes cell proliferation (40.97%) as compare to control negative group. P. harmala water extract was effective against the theileria parasite as significantly lower (P<0.05) mean OD value (1.802 ±0.341) was measured at a concentration of 4mg/ml solution and maximum inhibitory effect (92.20) was seen at a concentration of 16 mg/ml solution. ELISA reader findings showed that P. harmala chloroform extract treatment failed to inhibit lymphocytes cells propagation even at highest concentration. The highest inhibitory effect (85.33%) against theileria infected lymphocytes propagation was seen at a concentration of 16 mg/ml solution.
Plant extract was evaluated in respect of feed intake in rabbits. It showed that when administered extracts of C. procera in rabbits at dose of 3 mg and 5 mg/kg body weight, did not affect on feed intake in rabbits. However the chloroform and water extracts of both plant i.e. C. procera and P. harmala when were administered in rabbits parentally at dose 10 of mg/kg body. It showed that the feed intake of rabbits was non-significantly reduced as compared to other treatments groups. Hematological parameters such as WBC X103 count, RBC X 106 count and Hb g/dl values were measured at various days. Findings showed that significantly lesser RBC X 106 count was in group A3 and D3 than control at day 30 of experiment. A non-significant difference (P>0.05) was seen in RBC X 106 count and Hb g/dl measurements in all treatments groups. Kidney and liver functions were evaluated by measuring biochemical parameters, uric acid, creatinine and ALT at 0 days, 9 days and 30 days. Findings showed that serum creatinine and urea enzyme levels were significantly higher (P<0.05) in group A3 as compare to control group at day 30 of experiment. Serum level of urea was also significantly higher (P<0.05) in group B3 and D3 at day 30 of experiment. A non-significant difference (P>0.05) was seen in ALT in all treatment groups at day 30 than control. Post-mortem was performed at day 30 of experiment. Gross lesions consisting of hemorrhages, congestion, and lung emphysema were seen in rabbits treated with high dose i.e. 10 mg/kg of both extract of C. procera. Rabbits treated with P. harmala chloroform extract at dose 10 mg/kg showed moderate gross lesions. Histopathology of organs such as lungs, kidney, liver and heart was performed. Toxicity lesions were seen in rabbits treated with high dose i.e. 10 mg/kg of both extract of C. procera. Rabbits treated with P. harmala chloroform extract at dose 10 mg/kg showed histopathological lesions in lungs, liver and kidney.
Theileria infection was studied in vivo by developing through theileria infected Hayalomma ticks in crossbred calves (n=30) through. At day 15 of infection maximum increase in mean rectal temperature (105.24 ± 0.46F) was observed, twenty four calves had pyrexia (104.1- 105.6 F) and six claves were showing pyrexia > 105.6 F. A significant increase (P<0.05) in pre-scapular lymph node enlargement score of challenged calves was seen by day 7 of infection and maximum lymph node score (grossly enlarged size) was noticed in twenty calves (Table 4.14 , Plate 4.16) with peak mean score (2.73±0.44) on day 13 of infection. The piroplasm peak score (3.80±0.83) was observed in challenged calves at 22 day of infection and remained significantly higher (p<0.05) (2.60±0.54) in untreated calves until the 36 day of infection (Fig.4.29 and Table 4.16). A significant increase (P<0.05) in mean schizonts was observed in pre-scapular lymph node biopsy smear from day 7 of infection to onwards. Blood samples of challenged calves (n =30) were confirmed theileria positive through PCR test. The amplification of Theileria species were amplified at 1098 bp (Plate 4.20 and Theileria annulata was amplified at 721 bp (Plate 4.21).
In order to estimate the pattern of disease severity, severity score was measured by summation of mean score of piroplasms, schizonts, lymph node swelling and rectal temperature. From day 7, mild response (3-5 score) was seen in infected calves (n=10).
With increase in the severity of disease a significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed in mean values of the Hb g/dL amount, WBC and RBC count, Hct (%) concentration and lymphocytes percentage from day15 of infection onward to 36 day of infection. A non-significant decrease (P>0.05) in the mean values of MCH pg was seen throughout the experiment. A significant decrease (P<0.05) in mean values of MCHC g/dL along with significant increase (P<0.05) in the mean measurement of MCV fL (64.14±3.53) values was seen at day 36 of infection as compare to day 0 values, indicating macrocytic hypochromic anemia in challenged calves. These findings showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in excretory products (uric acid and creatinine) from day 15 of infection and onward as compared to day 0 values, indicating damaged kidney in infected calves. Biochemical analysis showed the significant increase (P<0.05) in liver enzymes (ALT, AST) from day 15 infection and onward.
Anti-Theileria activities of drugs were estimated by evaluating clinical manifestation of the disease and parasitological findings. Beside this treatment effect on hematological and biochemical reactions of liver and kidney functions was determined. A significant difference (P<0.05) in rectal temperature of calves groups (B and E) was observed than control positive (group F) at day 21 of post-treatment. On other hand calves treated with treatments A, C and D had a non-significant difference (P>0.05) in rectal temperature compared with untreated calves (group F). It was found that calves (n=5) dosed with C. procera chloroform extract (group A) had rectal temperature in normal range by the day 7 of post-treatment. Similarly calves (n=5) treated with Butalex were found with normal rectal temperature from the day 7 of pos-treatment. On other hand, at day 21 of treatment 40%, 20%, 40% and 80% calves were found with pyrexia in treatments groups B, C, D and F, respectively (Table 4. 46).
By the day 14 of treatment, calves of treatment groups B and E showed no parasitemia (piroplams ?1). Disease severity was estimated on accumulative score of rectal temperature, lymph node swelling and parasitological findings (piroplasms and schizonts score). It was found a significant decrease (P<0.05) occurred in the disease severity of score of disease in calves of groups B and E as compare to A, C and F at day 3 of post-treatment. At day 21 of treatment all treated calves were recovered from anemia.
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23.
Clinico-biochemical Studies on Detomidine Analgesia and Effects of its Combinatios on Animals
by Muhammad Arif Khan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Khalid Pervez | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the newly introduced imidazole derivative, drug "detomidine" with alpha-2 adr2noceptor binding properties, and its various combinations in animals. A clinico-hiochemical study was carried out to explore the various aspects of a novel sedative and analgesic drug. Analgesia was evaluated by performing castration in small ruminants, rumenal fistulization in large ruminants, skin prick test, electric stimulation, and developing an experimental colic model in donkeys. The parameters used to evaluate analgesia revealed that detomidine has greater potential to lessen the pain during minor and major surgical interventions in different animals. However, its local usage to achieve paravertebral and epidural analgesia proved that detomidine produces general effect after getting into the circulation and very poor local effect. It has been concluded that the drug can be used as preanaesthetic with chloral hydrate and pentothal sodium anaesthesia to perform major surgical exercises in equine and canine respectively. In addition it has an edge over other sedative drugs on account of its undetrimental effect on various physiological parameters of the animals. Clinical trials have proved that detomidine "a novel sedative and analgesic" is a drug of choice for restraining, examination, and minor and major surgical manipulations on equine, bovine, caprine, ovine and canine species without any untoward effects. Availability: No items available Checked out (1).
24.
A Study On Postural Sway In Horses During Different Sedation Protocols Along With Clinico-Biochemical Evaluation In Clinical Cases
by Hamad Bin Rashid (92-AG-676) | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: 6.1. Observational study of postural sway using accelerometer in horses sedated with different sedative combinations
Balance is the ability to maintain center of gravity by a body within the base of support, whereas the phenomenon of continuous movement and improvement of the position of the center of gravity within the base of support is referred to as postural sway. Most of the living creatures including man, horse and other animals need to maintain their postural balance for their daily requirements, as most of them are either bipeds or quadrupeds. To attain this balance, co-ordination between sensory system, skeletal muscle system and the central nervous system is required. These systems are responsible for the pattern of walk in the horses, which is called as gait. Any abnormality in the nervous system results in an altered gait, which if assessed properly is a useful tool in diagnosing many ailments & disorders of the locomotor system. To assess these changes in the gait pattern, many methods have evolved over the years. The gait can be assessed by Kinematic or Kinetic Analysis. An accelerometer is a detecting element that measures acceleration. Accelerometers can measure: vibrations, shocks, tilt, impacts and motion of an object. An accelerometer by itself is only a sensing element, in order for it to be useful the sensor needs to be combined with other elements such as, power, logic, memory and a means to translate the output. An acceleration recorder incorporates all of these elements into one package.
There is a measurable difference in postural sway at stance between different sedation protocols. This study aims to document and quantify the postural sway of horses undergoing various sedation protocols, with the aim of identifying a sedation protocol that will reduce sway and improve the ease with which standing non-painful diagnostic imaging procedures (Radiography, Scintigraphy and MRI) can be carried out. The present study assessed the postural sway during sedation in horses and evaluated a sedation protocol with minimal sway in horses. Equine surgery depends heavily on various imaging procedures. Diagnostic imaging plays important roles-first, in diagnosing and localising a disease process; second, in assessing the surgical intervention to be applied; and third, in the follow-up evaluation of the patient. Many imaging techniques like Radiography, Ultrasonography, Scintigraphy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography are used at veterinary hospitals and clinics, the world over. In order to achieve good results for these diagnostic modalities, various drugs and their combinations have been used by scientists to achieve good standing sedation in horses (e.g., Acepromazine, Butorphanol, Detomidine, Ketamine, Romifidine, Xylazine, etc.). The reason for integrating sedations which use combinations with Ketamine in this study and its different effect on the musculature i.e. increasing the muscle tone, while the alpha2-agonists (Romifidine, Detomidine, Xylazine), all reduced the muscle tone. Potentially, increasing the muscle tone of a horse will reduce the sway, as the constant correction of postural position with reduced muscle tone may be avoided. Horses that are In-Patients and Out-Patients brought to the Large Animal Hospital, Dept. of Vet. Clinical Studies, EBVC, RDSVS, UoE, UK, and have the medical need for diagnostic imaging procedures, and that require sedation so that these procedures can be carried out safely, were included in the study. The measurements were recorded pre-sedation and post-sedation while the horse is being imaged. The horses were observed during Radiography, Ultrasonography, Scintigraphy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or some other minor/major surgical intervention, under the influence of standing sedation. The body sway was measured using a MicroStrain G-link wireless triaxial accelerometer. It was secured on the skin above the midline of the sacrum with adhesive tape. Both sway episodes as well as continuous postural adaptations was assessed from the sum vector of the three acceleration traces.
The results of current study showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the mean values of postural sway between different drug groups. All drug combinations produced sedation in standing horses. However, pre-sedation mean values were significantly different from post-sedation mean values of postural sway. This shows that the subjects which were administered different combinations of sedatives exhibited variation in the postural control over time that is the readings of accelerometer either increased or decreased after sedation when compared to baseline (pre-sedation) values. The findings of current investigation also revealed a significant combined effect of drug groups and measurement time. Which means that the horses within groups, administered with different sedative combinations showed a change in postural sway values measured by accelerometer over time and these mean values either increased or decreased post-sedation. However, Post hoc Tukey’s test could not establish a significant difference (p<0.05) in the multiple comparision tests. Although post-sedation mean values of postural sway of group 2 (romifidine alone) and group 7 (detomidine alone) were different from pre-sedation values (p<0.1).
The mean values of accelerometer for group 1 (detomidine+butorphenol) and group 4 (xylazine alone) were decreased from pre-sedation values that means the horses in these groups were more stable and had better control over their stance when compared with pre-sedation values. In the current study, the mean values of accelerometer for group 2 (romifidine alone) and group 7 (detomidine alone) were increased from pre-sedation values that means the horses in these groups were less stable and had poor control over their stance. This showed that detomidine alone with a dose range of 3 to 9 μg/kg is insufficient for standing procedures.
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