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1. Study On Fasciioliasis With Estimation Of Haemoglobin & Total Serum Proteins In Camels Brought To Lahore Abbatoir

by Maj. Naeem Ahmed Janjua | Dr. muhammad Sarwar Arkhan | Dr. Ch | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of fascioliasis in different age groups of camels and to estimate the haemoglobin concentration and total serum protein levels in positive cases and also equal number of negative cases. For this purpose study was carried out on 512 camels of different age groups (calve, young and adult) brought to Lahore Abattoir for slaughtering during a period between May to July 1993. The investigations revealed that out of 512 camels, .50 (9.76%) were positive for fascioliasis. It was observed that infection rate was higher in adult ( 10.68%) than in young (8.98%) and calf camels (7.27%). The study also indicated that the prevalence qf fascioliasis in months of May June and July was 9.20%, 10.55% and 9.46% respectively. The present investigations reveled that an average haemoglobin concentration was 7.5 g/100 ml with a range of 4.1 - 10.3 g/100 ml (Table 8) and total serum protein level on average was 7.6 g/100 ml of positive camels with a range of 5.1 - 9.6 (Table 7). The negative blood samples of 50 camels were also examined for the estimation of haemoglobin concentration and total serum protein levels. The mean values of haemoglobin concentration indicated by the studies was 13.1 g/100 ml ranging between 12.2 - 14.1 g/100 ml (Table 12 and 13). Total serum protein mean value revealed by the study was 6.7 g/100 ml and it ranged between 6.2 - 7.4 g/100 ml (Table 14 and 15). Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0367,T] (1).

2. Effect Of Experimentally Induced Coccidiosis On Some Blood Parameters And Its Treatment With Embazin & Coxistac In Quails

by Anwaar Hussain, Syed | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the effects of experimentally induced coccidisis on some blood parameters and its treatment with Embazin and coxistac in Quails. For this purpose 300 day old quail chicks were obtained from a local hactchery and raised under standard, controlled coccidia free conditions. A commercial coccidiostat free feed was provide. At the age of 21 days. birds were divided into 4 groups comprising 60 birds each and shifted from brooder into a multistorey cage and grouped as tinder:Group A (60 quails) Infected and medicated with Embazin. Group B (60 quails) Infected and medicated with Coxistac. Group C (60 quails) Infected and non-medicated. Group D (60 quails) Non-infected-Non-medicated. Birds of group A, B and C were infected with 1 ml of coccidial inoculum having 50,000 sporulated oocysts given directly into crop. Group D was kept as control group. On fourth day post infection birds of all infected groups showed disease symptoms and at that time groups A and B was medicated with Embazin and Coxistac respectively. Four samples of blood and faeces were collected from each group on zero day, 5th day and 9th day of medication. In groups A and B Haemoglobin and Total Erythrocytic Count was lowered on 5th day and then increased on 9th day of medication oocyst count was Nil on 9th day of medication in group A and 92.30% reduction percentage was there is in group B. Haemoglobin and Total Erythrocytic Count decreased in group C upto 9th day ofmedication but oocyst count increased in this group. Increase percentage was 7.14% on 5th day and 14.28% on 9th day of medication. In group D Haemoglobin andTotal Erythrocytic Count remained almost constant and oocyst count was found Nil throughout the experimental period. The best feed conversion Ratio of 3 was recorded in group D whereas group "C" which was infected but not treated showed worst feed conversion ratio i.e. 4. Group A & B revealed intermediate F.C.R. of 3.6 and 3.8 respectively. Hishest mortality of 33.33% was recorded in group C, 13% in group B and 11.66% in group A. In group D mortality was Nil. From the findings of study it was concluded that Embazin was drug of choice for the treatment of coccidiosis in quails. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0372,T] (1).

3. An Epidemiological & Haematological Correlation Between Healthy & Tuberculous Indigenous Birds

by Azeem Ijaz | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: A total of 250 desi birds, selected randomly, from different villages of district Lahore, were divided into two groups. The group-I composed of 125 apparently healthy birds whereas 125 apparently weak and emaciated birds were present in group-IT. Avian tuberculin test was employed to diagnose the tuberculosis. A 0.1 ml of avian tuberculin (MCSM) procured from VRI, Lahore, was injected into left wattle whereas right wattle was kept as uninjected control and test was read after 48 hours. Only 6 birds (2.4%), all belonged to group-IT, were found tuberculin positive. Haematological studies of these six tuberculin positive birds were carried out along with 10 healthy desi birds for comparison. There was decrease in erythrocytic count (EC), haemoglobin value (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV). The average values of EC, Hb and PCV of infected birds were 1.94x106/µ1, 8.86 g/dl and 22.69% respectively. On the other hand, leukocytic count (LC) was increased and found to be 37.33x10/il on average. A significant change in differential leukocytic count (DLC) was also observed with an increase in the proportion of polymorphs and monocytes and fall in lymphocytes. The lymphocyte to heterophils ratio was the inverse of that in healthy birds. On post-mortem, a large number of tubercles of varying size were noticed on liver, spleen and intestines. No birds showed lung lesion except one. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0389,T] (1).

4. A Study On The Prevalence Of Mange In Camels And Its Effects On Some Blood Parameters During Winter Months

by Bashir Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Khalid | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Camel is a versatile creature of the Nature. Its population in Pakistan is 9,58,047 heads. Its importance is obvious from the facilities which it provides to the mankind e.g. transportation and ploughing facilities, lifting of water and pulling of carts, provision of milk meat and earning of foreign exchange. But. on the other hand, camel is ignored in provision of better managernental facilities due to which it is facing many disease problems. Similarly, camel is also ignored by our scientists and a little research work has been done on camel in the world. Keeping in view all these factors, this project was designed to see the prevalence of mange in camel. This study also include haematological changes in camel blood suffering from mange. This study was conducted during winter months of the 1992 at Lahore abattoir. For the prevalence of mange, 150 camels suspected for mange were selected and their skin scrapings and blood was collected. Skin scraping was examined with the help of microscope at Laboratory of Medicine Section, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. During the study 19 camels out of 150 were found positive to mange and this is calculated as 12.66%. Regarding the 2nd portion of the study, blood of 19 mange infected cases were analysed for total leukocytic count (TLC), differential leukocytic count (DLC) and erythrocytic sedimentation rate (ESR). At the same time blood of 19 mange free camels was also examined and it was found that due to mange infection, TLC values were increased. In case of DLC, Eiosinophils and lymphocytes showed increase in their number. ESR was also increased due to infection of mange in camels. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0403,T] (1).

5. Epidemiological, Serological And Hematological Investigations In An Out Break Of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea And Foot

by Ghaffar Khan, A | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: After an outbreak of a vesicular disease in Lahore District a demoninator based active surveillance was conducted in four villages. During and after the epidemic and the homesteads were visited and interviewed from door to door. The total number of animals kept by the farmers (N = 1537) and the affected number of animals (n= 1384) by age, sex and species were enquired from the farmers and recorded on a questionnaire proforma. The clinical signs of the affected animals and their sequence were recorded. Epidemiological investigations revealed that morbidity rate of 66.94% (n=867/1537) was higher in buffaloes than cattle which was 48.34% (n=117/242). Young animals of both species were more susceptible than adults. Morbidity rate in young cattle was 50.64% (n=39) in 77 animals but in case of adult cattle amongst the total population of 165 morbidity rate was 47.27% (n=78). In case of young buffaloes 290 (69.37%) out of 418 animals while in case of adult buffaloes morbidity rate was 63.51% (557/877). Case fatality rate was observed higher 42.85% (363/847) in buffaloes than the cattle which was 26.65 % (37/117). Frequency of clinical signs observed was found as depression (63.30%), mucosa diffusely red (61.87%), anorectic (61.48%), muzzle hyperimic encrusted (61.09%), erosions (58.49%), laminitis (56.73%), temperature 101-105°F (54.26%), drooling (53.35%), shivering (44.82%), mistitis (38.51%), temperature 105-107°F (6.18%), polypnea (5.79%), temperature 101-103°F (4.35%), cough (3.38%), diarrhoea (2.40%), subnormal (0.71%) and abortion (0.65%). In this project 160 animals affected from the disease, 80 of each species, were selected for hematological and serological investigations. Forty healthy animals were observed as control. Blood samples from the affected Buffaloes were tested for the total erythrocytic count (TEC), total leukocytic count (TLC), packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and differential leukocytic count (DLC) i.e. neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils and their average values were observed as 3.56 ± 0.31 x 106/ul (5.18 x 106/ul), 4.90 ± 1.22 x 103/ul (6.45 x 103/ul), 26.59 ± 2.14% (29.31%), 10.13 ± 0.92 mm/Ist hr. (4.56 mm/Ist hr.), 30.54 ± 1.07% (32.55%), 59.18 ± 1.03% (56.16%), 1.78 ± 0.22% (2.41%, 5.92 ± 0.52% (4.51%), 0.29 ± 0.01% (0.48%) respectively. Blood samples from the affected cattle were tested for the TEC, TLC, PCV, ESR and DLC i.e. neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils and their average values were observed as 5.76 ± 0.32 x 106/ul (7.24 x 106/ul), 6.73 ± 0.92 x 103/ul (7.99 x 103/ul), 31.49 ± 1.59% (33.90%), 9.32 ± 1.32 mm/Ist hr. (3.16 mm/Ist hr.), 31.08 ± 1.09% (34.82%), 45.00 ± 1.05% (41.31%), 0.33 ± 0.04% (0.63%), 9.16 ± 0.46% (7.86%), 0.33 ± 0.03% (0.63%) respectively. Serum samples from the affected buffaloes were tested for the total serum protein (TSP), serum albumin and serum globulin and their average values were came as 5.97 ± 0.56 g/dI (7.72 g/dI), 2.80 ± 0.37 g/dl (3.55 g/dll), 2.40 ± 0.95 g/dl (4.17 g/dl) respectively. Serum samples from the affected cattle were tested for the TSP, serum albumin and serum globulin and their average values were observed as 6.43 ± 0.45 g/dl (7.58 g/dl), 2.67 ± 0.35 g/dll (2.32 g/dl), 2.67 ± 0.52 g/dI (4.26 g/dll) respectively. Agar gel immunodiffusion test used for the antibodies detection was found positive for foot and mouth disease (FMD). Typographically two strains O (42.50%) and Asia-I (29.38%) were isolated out of 160 samples. A total loss of Rs. 5.286 millions due to FMD in cattle and buffaloes was estimated in the four villages. Note: Values in parenthesis are normal/standard for the respective parameter. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0412,T] (1).

6. Efficacy Of Various Chemotherapeutic Agents Against Experimentally Induced Avian Mycoplasmosis In Broiler Chicks

by Naveed Ahmad Khan Niazi | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: A total number of 200 day old broiler chicks were procured to determine the drug efficacy of tiamulin, tylosin and oxytetracycline against jylycoplasma gallisepticum infection in-vivo. The organism prior to its use was verified on the basis of morphology, staining reaction, cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. These birds were divided into 5 groups each having 40 birds. The birds of all groups were infected experimentally except group A birds. On the appearance of symptoms of CRD, group C, D and E were treated with tiamulin, tylosin and oxytetracycline respectively at the recommended doses of manufacturers for three consecutive days. The birds of group B were kept as untreated control. The efficacy of each drug was based upon morbidity percentage, mortality percentage, case fatality, clinical symptoms, feed-intake and necropsy lesions on postmortem. The tiamulin proved superior over other two drugs as only one bird died unlike tylosin-treated group D which recorded 2.5% mortality. The oxytetracycline treated group E showed 7.5% mortality with the death of 2 birds. A total of 29 birds revealed no pathological lesion at necropsy in contrast to group E birds showing only 27 birds without necropsy lesions of CRD. The feed-intake was poorest in group E and was remained normal in both group C and D. After 144 hours post medication, the clearance of lesions were 96.6%, 90% and 76.6% for group C, D and E respectively. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0469,T] (1).

7. Prevalence Of Camel Tuberculosis By Using Short Thermal Test & Identificatiuon Of Organism From Lymph

by Laeeque, Sh. M | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. M. Sarwar Khan | Dr. Muhammd | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: In the present study an attempt was made to measure the prevalence of tuberculosis in camels by applying tuberculin test and post mortem examination of reactors and non reactors. Gross and microbiological examination of various lymph nodes of reactors and non-reactors was conducted. Animals were physically normal, thin and emaciated and of different age groups. Short thermal test was employed as diagnostic test. The readings were taken at 8 hour post inoculation of tuberculin, and heat concentrated sysnthetic medium tuberculin (HCSM) was used at dose of 4m1 S/c. No adverse reaction of HCSM was noted during research. Eleven animals gave positive reaction while no false positive and false negative case was recorded. Similarly no case of milliary T.B. could be noted among experimental animals. Majority of the diseased animals were detected from a group of emaciated and aged animals. Whereas a small number from a group of thin animals was also affected. However, a group physically normal camels was found free from T.B. Positive reactors showed higher pulse and respiration rate compared with negative reactors, post 8 hour inoculation. Positive reactors were found to be a model set to observe the pattern of temperature rise during STT. 2 out of 3 positive reactors, showed macroscopic lesionsin mediastinal, lymph nodes. Out, of these 1 showed characteristic lesions of T.B. 1 showed only pin head point lesions in early stages. While other 1 showed only Mycobacterium tuberculosis on bacteriological examination and proved no visible lesions (NVL). It was found that distribution of lesions were high among those animals which showed temperature difference (4oF between first and final reading. This is notworthy that lung lymph nodes involvement was higher as compared to the lymph nodes from abdominal cavity, no lesion or acid fast bacilli (AFB) detected from supramammary lymph nodes of experimental animals Overall 3 of the animals tested showed prevalence of tuberculosis Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0473,T] (1).

8. Helminthiasis: Its Dissemination And Treatment With Fenbendazole In The Migrating Sparrows

by Ali Razmaara, Syed | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Nature of contents: biography; Literary form: Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to bust upon the worm load in the naturally parasitized migratory sparrows, and also to determine the effect of worm load on the blood picture. Furthemore the effect of broad spectrum anthelmintic like Panacur (fenbendazole) in the experimental group in terms of eggs per gm. of faeces pre and post medication. For this experiment 400 live migratory sparrows were purchased randomly, out of which 200 birds were slaughtered and an incidence of 64.5% parasitic fauna was found. Sparrows were found infected, with two species of nematode i.e. Ascaridia gaul was 39.5% and Heterakis gallinarum was 25% respectively. None of the bird was found infected with trematode and cestode. The hematology of the above 64.5% parasitized sparrows was performed. The study revealed that due to nematode infection there was a slight increase in Total leucocytic count and Heterophils whereas the Total erythrocytic count, Haernoglobin level, Lymphocytes and Eosinophils were decreased which may lead to anemia, loss of growth and production. From the left 200 wild naturally parasitized sparrows, 86 (43%) birds were found positive. These sparrows were divided into two groups one was left as control and the other group was subjected to drug efficacy. Panacur (fenbendazole) at the rate of 9.9 mg/kg body weight which was given orally. The results were observed in terms of eggs per gm. of faeces pre and post medication after 24, 48 and 96 hours respectively. The control group showed progressive increase in ova count i.e. 12.82%, 24.79% and 48.72% respectively, whereas reduction in the ova count of the medicated group was gradually observed as 83.72%, 92.25% and 95.35%. The poultry breeders and scientists are urged to make an effort how the wild birds could mechanically transmit the parasites from one region to another. An attempt should also be made for the better understanding of bacterial and viral infections dissemination. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0474,T] (1).

9. Epidemiology And Economic Losses Of Trichostrongylid Parasites In Sheep

by Sarwar Khan, M | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The meteorological data recorded during the study period from 1.1.96 to 31.12.96 showed the maximum temperature in June as 36.5°C and minimum temperature in December as 6.8°C. Maximum and minimum Humidity was recorded in the month of September and April as 85% and 55% respectively. The maximum rainfall during the year was recorded in the month of August as 660 mm. The faecal egg counts of sheep grazing on permanent pasture showed the minimum EPG during first week of January while maximum EPG on nid of September and first week of October. Pasture larval counts were performed on permanent pasture and experimental plot for the recovery of trichostrongylid larvae. The maximum number of larvae was recovered on 16th September, 1996, while minimum number was recovered in January and February from permanent pasture and experimental plot respectively. Two species of trichostrongylids were identified i.e. Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongvlus colubriformis. The faecal and larval counts were very low in the months of January and February, the counts started rising in March. Peak counts were seen in the month of September. Decline in counts started in late October and reached to minimum in December. Mature and immature worm counts of slaughtered sheep were performed at 15 days interval. The, overall prevalence oftrichostrongylid parasites was 34%. The maximum number of mature parasites were seen during first week of October which was886 whereas maximum number of immature parasites including hypobiotic was 326 on 1st of December. During this study the average fecundity/female of contortus and L colubriformis parasites were calculated as 721 and 209 respectively. A spring rise in worm egg counts was experienced in mid of March. A pen parturient rise in the worm egg counts of pregnant and lactating ewes indicated the maximum counts during lambing week. An experimental group of sheep with mixed infection of trichostrongylid parasites showed the similar pattern of EPG counts as of naturally infected sheep. A study was performed to evaluate any protection provided by a particular Flaemoglobin type to trichostrongylid infection hut not difference could be observed. The Asparate Aminotransferase (AST) and total protein levels of infected sheep were decreased as a result of increase in the intensity of infection. A decrease in R.B.C. counts, Haemoglobin, Packed cell volume and lymphocyte counts was observed both in experimentally and naturally infected slaughtered sheep. However, an increase in total leukocytic count (TLC) alongwith an increase in the ratio of neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils was observed. At the end of experiment infected sheep gained 5.71 Kg/head less body weight and produced 4 3 grn less wool as compared with non-infected group. Based on epidemiological information the suggestions for control of the, trichostrongylid infection are submitted alongwi th recommendations for further studies. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0595,T] (1).

10. Anthelmintic Efficacy Of Moxidectin, Ivermectin And Levamisole Against Toxocara Vitulorum In Buffalo Calves

by Rahmatullah | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr.Kamran | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: hits study was conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of newly introduced drug moxideclin against Toxocara vitulorun, in buffalo calves under held conditions and to compare its efficacy and treatment cost with other anthelmintics (ivermectin atid levamisole) being used. In this project total of 80 buffalo calves Positive for Toxocara i'itulorum. based on faecal examination, were selected from (he field, and divided randomly into four equal groups i.e. A, 13, C and 1) containing 20 animals in each. Calves of group 'A' were treated with moxidectin, group 'B' were treated with ivermectin. group 'C' were treated with levamisole and group '1)' were kept as untreated control. Faecal samples were collected from each calf at clay zero (premedication), day 7th, day I 5th, and day 21st postmedicalion. Ffhicacy of each drug was calculated on the basis of reduction in eggs per gram of faeces. Anthelmintic efficacy of moxidectin at (lie (lose level of 200ug / kg body weight was I 00%,efficacy of ivermectin at the close level of 200ug/kg body weight was 99.55%, and the efficacy of levamisole at the close level of 7.5mg/kg body weight was 99.035%, 21 st days post medication. From this study it was concluded that moxiclectin and ivermectin has excellent effect against Toxocara i'lluloriun but they are much expensive while levamisole has also excellent efficacy against T vituloruni and (his drug is more economical for the farmers. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0658,T] (1).

11. Magnitude Of Health Problems Of The Livestock Population, Serological Findings And Cost/Benefit Ratio At A Farmer Level

by Ajmal Shahid, M | Dr . Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr . Muhammad | Dr . Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: An active surveillance was conducted in 10% villages of canal irrigated, waterlogged, Idara-e-Kissan, river side and urban areas of tehsil Renalá Khurd district Okara through a questionnaire over a period of one year i.e. March, 1998 to February, 1999 to determine the magnitude of various livestock health problems. In total buffalo population 7333 of all the strata morbidity, mortality case fatality was 57.73%, 10.07% and 17.45% while in 2635 cattle, these observation were 38.44%, 1.25% and 3.2% respectively due to various livestock problems. In 3445 goat, 1604 sheep population, the result were 27.95%, 8.06%, 28.86% and 30.17, 9.35%, 30.99% respectively. The highest incidence of haemorrhagic septicaemia 25.38% and 6.48% in young and adult buffalo population respectively was observed in river side area. Waterlogged area was next 24.38%1and 5.165% to river side while least incidence in urban area. Foot and mouth disease incidence was highest 19.28% and 22.01% respectively in young and adult buffalo along river side with no incidence in urban area. Highest. incidence of diarrhoea 11.11% in young buffalo population was observed in waterlogged area. Similarly highest incidence of Mastitis observed was 3.07% in waterlogged area in adult cattle. The highest incidence 23.64% of FMD was observed in waterlogged areas. Incidence of enterotoxemia in young sheep population were high 18.40% than young goat 12.35% while it was high in adult goat 10.23% than 8.99% in adult sheep. Total economical losses due to various livestock disease was calculated R.8408067 (US$ 158642.77). The cost and benefit ratio at a farmer level was 1:2.03. Antibodies were detected against haemorrhagic septi caem i a through IHA, in buffalo and cattle revealed that highest GMT in vaccinated buffalo and cattle was 55.69 each. These titers were also observed in affected and unvaccinated (might be as carrier) along with the recovered animals. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0664,T] (1).

12. Sero-Epidemiological Study Of Various Livestock Diseases And Cost/Benefit Raio At Farmer Level In Tehsil Dera Ghazi Khan

by Shafiq-ur-Rahman | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: The epidemiological surveillance was conducted in 10% villages of Tehsil Dera Ghazi Khan which consisted of three different categories i.e. Urban, Rural and Tribal. These 10% villages were randomly selected and epidemiological survey was done during a period of one year i.e. August, 2000 to July, 2001 to determine the magnitude of various livestock diseases. In the buffalo population of 9649 head, morbidity, mortality, case fatality rates were 61.50%, 14.41% and 23.43% while in 9224 cattle, these observations were 41.98%, 2.48% and 5.90% respectively due to various livestock diseases. In 2318 camel population morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates were 30.62%, 6.90% and 22.53% respectively. In goat population morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates were 34.54%, 11.20% and 32.42% respectively. In sheep population the morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates were 37.80%, 11.15% and 29.49% respectively. The highest incidence was due to haemorrhagic septicaemia i.e., 29.50% in young and 6.28% in adult buffalo population of rural category. In urban category, incidence rate was 13.51%, 6.10% in young and adult buffalo population respectively, while least incidence in tribal category where it was 1.80%, 4.21% in young and adult buffalo population. The highest incidence of Foot and Mouth disease was 20.48%, 23.76% in young and adult buffalo population of rural category with no incidence in urban and tribal area. Highest incidence of idiopathic diarrhoea of 11.62% in young buffalo population was observed in rural category. Similarly highest incidence of mastitis 5.84% recorded in buffalo population of rural category. In cattle, highest incidence of mastitis 2.74% observed in rural category. The highest incidence of Foot and Mouth disease 25.45%, 26.89% observed in young and adult cattle population of rural category. Incidence of enterotoxemia 18.44% in young sheep population was higher than young goat 12.50%, while it was high in adult goat 12.42% than in adult sheep 9.12% respectively. The GMT was recorded highest in vaccinated buffalo and cattle while found lowest in affected buffalo and cattle respectively. Total economical losses due to various livestock diseases was calculated Rs.16726578/-. The cost and benefit ratio at a farmer level was 1:1.73. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0739,T] (1).

13. Comparative Efficacy Of Yucca Schidigera Extract And Frusemide In Ascites Of Broiler Chicks, Under Field

by Sohail Ejaz | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Masood | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the comparative efficacy of Yucca schidigera extract Norponin-200) and frusemide in ascites of broiler chicks. For this purpose twenty flocks affected from ascites were selected to carry out this experiment. From each flock thirty birds were randomly selected and were divided into three groups A, B and C having ten birds in each group. Twenty-four hours light was provided to all the experimental birds. Fresh and clean water was provided to them at all the time. The birds were fed ad libitum. The chicks of group "A" were given Yucca schidigera Extract (Norponin-200) at the rate of 10ml/200L of drinking water for three days. The chicks of group "B" were given frusemide (Frusicon) at the rate of 1gm/liter of drinking water for three days while the chicks of group "C" served as control. In this study feed intake, water intake, weight gain and reduction in the ascitic fluid was recorded before and after the treatment. The treated birds were significantly better than untreated birds. In Yucca schidigera treated birds, feed intake, water intake and weight gain was significantly higher than that of frusemide treated birds while reduction in ascitic fluid was significantly higher in frusemide treated group. From this study it is concluded that use of Yucca schidigera extract in ascites of broiler chicks is a better choice than that of frusemide. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0744,T] (1).

14. Cholecystoduodenostomy As A Surgical Attempt To Establish Biliary Redirection In Dogs

by Hamid Akbar | Mr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Liver is the largest paranchmatous organ of body. Gall bladder is embedded in lobes of liver and it acts as a store house of bile. Liver pours its secretion into gall bladder which temporarily stores it and transports it to duodenum by bile duct which is a small pathway. Sometimes this pathway (bile duct) is disturbed due to any of multiple reasons described earlier and bile is not transported. Hence there is an immediate need to develop a new connection to restore flow of bile. Cholecystoduodenostomy is a good technique in such cases to restore bile flow. In this project twelve healthy dogs were selected and divided into 3 groups namely, A, B and C. Group A consisted of 8 dogs in which cholecystoduodenostomy was performed. Group B consisted of 2 dogs, in which only laparotomy was experienced, whereas group C also consisted of 2 dogs acted as control. Liver function tests were carried out in all the dogs before and after surgery. The enzyme values were increased when tested at 8 weeks post-operatively. The dogs were also monitored for various parameters to check the efficacy of technique. All the dogs were euthanized at 12th week post-operatively to chck healing at surgical site. The analysis of results has clearly indicated that cholecystoduodenostomy is a safe and sound method in obstructive bile duct problems, and this technique can be used without putting the patient in dilemma. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0745,T] (1).

15. Comparative Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Pasciolosis In Cattle Of Lahore And Attock Areas

by Tahir Hamid | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the comparative prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle in two different areas (plane area and sub-hilly area) having different climatic and environmental conditions in terms of temperature, humidity, rain fall and water resources etc. For the purpose, Lahore and Attock were selected. In this present study, the efficacy of newly introduced homeopathic drug "Trematox" against fasciolosis in cattle was determined by comparing it with nitroxynil (Trodax 34%) and Albendazole (Farbenda 10%). The prevalence was observed in such a way that at both the places i.e. Lahore and Attock, the animals were examined to select 80 positive cases (40 at Lahore and 40 at Attock). Subsequently, the animals were divided into 8 groups i.e. A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H. Groups A, B, C and D were kept at Lahore and groups E, F, G and H were kept at Attock. Groups A and E were untreated control groups. The eggs per gram (EPG) counts are estimated by using McMaster technique at day zero (before medication) and day 7. Then groups B&F, C&G, D&H were treated with Nitroxynil, Albendazole and Trernatox, respectively. Nitroxynil and Albendazole were used @ 10 mg/kg body weight each. The Homeopathic drug "Trematox" was injected 5 ml to each animal i/rn. At day 7, post-medication the EPG was measured. It was observed that at 7th day Nitroxynil showed the efficacy of 92.49%, Albendazole 77.77% and Trematox 42.75%. No side effects in any animal were observed during the experiment. Hence Nitroxynil, Albendazole and Trematox were concluded to be the safe drugs against fasciolosis in cattle. It was observed that medium temperature between 10-25°C and high humidity offer optimal conditions for the occurrence of fasciolosis. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0757,T] (1).

16. Prevalence Of Clinical Mastities And Diagnosis Of Subclinical Mastitis In Cross Bred Cows

by Muhammad Yaqoob | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of clinical mastitis and diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in crossbred cows in and around Lahore. One hundred crossbred cows were selected in and around Lahore. The data for clinical and subclinical mastitis was collected by different means such as observation, palpation of udder, by streaks and surf field mastitis test. Prevalence of clinical mastitis was estimated by collected data. In this project the prevalence of clinical mastitis was 14.23%. Prevalence of clinical mastitis in different farms was different. In three selected farms "Farm A, Farm B and Farm C", the prevalence of clinical mastitis was 16.66%, 12.72% and 13.33% respectively. For diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, samples were collected from selected farms. One hundred crossbred cows were selected. Two different tests were applied for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis such as surf field mastitis test and white side test. The overall percentage of subclinical mastitis was 12.62% with both tests. The percentages of three farms were as such 10%, 14.54% and 13.33% respectively. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0762,T] (1).

17. Comparative Efficacy Of Various Suturing Techniques For End To End Anastomosis Of Jejunum In Dogs

by Abdul Rauf, Rana | Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Diseases of gastro-intestinal tract like intestinal foreign body, intussusception with obstruction and adhesion, gangrene, volvulus and abdominal trauma amenable to surgical correction with enterectomy, segmental resection and end-to-end anastomosis had been a nightmare with both human and veterinary surgeons. Most of the techniques evolved in the past were not commensurate with the criteria of physiological restoration of normality, absence of leakage and minimal lumen stenosis. The present study was undertaken to compare the three suturing techniques viz; simple interrupted crushing sutures, simple interrupted lembert sutures and simple continuous lembert sutures for end-to-end anastomosis. Study was conducted on 12 clinically healthy dogs of mixed breed divided equally into three groups. The versatility and comparison of the techniques were evaluated on the basis of clinical parameters, hematological value, radiographic examination and postmortem findings. It was observed that simple interrupted crushing technique was comparatively more compatible and superior due to its simplicity, economical, less lumen reduction as compared to other techniques viz; simple interrupted Lembert technique and simple continuous Lembert technique. The results of this study clearly indicated that the use of simple interrupted crushing sutures has an edge over the simple interrupted lembert suture and simple continuous lembert sutures for end-to-end anastomosis of jejunum in dogs. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0766,T] (1).

18. Epidemiology Of Parasitic Load And Therapeutic Control Against Ecto And Endorparasites With Ivermectin In Horses

by Rubina Hassan | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Talat | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: The present research project was designed to study the efficacy of ivermectin i.e. LG EUVECTIN inj. against ectoparasites, endoparasites and blood parasites in horses. For this purpose, apparently healthy, weak, emaciated horses showing the clinical signs of parasitism, brought to Outdoor clinics, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore and Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (S.P.C.A) were checked. Out of these 84 animals 25 (29.76%) were found positive for ectoparasites through the skin scraping examination under the microscope. From these 84 animals 28 were checked for endoparasites and through the coprological examination 25 (89.29%) were found positive. From 84 horses, 5 (5.95%) horses had mixed type of infection i.e. positive for both ecto- and endoparasites. Ectoparasites found in 25 positive cases were mites (29.76%) and no ticks or lice infestation was found i.e. Zero percent prevalence. The endoparasites found were mainly the G.!. T. nematodes (round worms) i.e. 25 (89.29%) cases were positive for round worms while 2 (7.14%) cases out of these 25 were also infested with tapeworms and liver tlukes were zero percent. Infected horses were treated with LG Euvectin injection (Ivermectin 1.0% w/v) through subcutaneous injection at dose rate of 1 ml/50kg (0.2mg/kg) body weight once on zero day. Eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) was counted on a day, 7th and 14th day. Recovery rate with ivermectin against ectoparasites and endoparasites was 76% and 88% respectively. A total of 50 horses were bleed for blood parasites, none of them were found positive. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0791,T] (1).

19. Comparative Efficacy Of Herbal, Homoeopathic And Standard Drugs Against Coccidiosis In Broilers

by Muhammad Ali | Dr. Muhammad Athar khan | Dr. Khalid | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: The study was designed to compare the efficacy of four different drugs against coccidiosis. A total 240 day old broiler chicks were purchased and reared for 42 days under standard managemental condition. The birds were randomly divided into six groups comprising of 40 birds each. Group-A was medicated with Anjbar, Group-B medicated with Bael, Group-C medicated with Mere sol, Group-D medicated with Darvisul liquid. Group-E was kept as infected, unmedicated, while group-F served as uninfected, unmedicated control. All groups except that of group-F were given challenge dose of infection on day 22nd. The oocysts were counted on 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th day post-infection. The weight gain and feed consumption were recorded weekly. Record of mortality was maintained and postmortem of dead birds was performed. The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using two way analysis of variance and least significant differences between treatment. It was concluded that Aegle Marmelos (Bael fruit) and Darvisul liquid showed better results in term of wight gain, feed consumption, reduce oocyst count, as compared with Anjbar and Merc sol Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0849,T] (1).

20. Comparative Effect Of Zinc Bacitrcing And Propionic Acid On The Performance Of Broiler Chicken

by Nadeem Akram | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Anjum | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: The idea of the study was to replace feed additive antibiotics with organic acids. Therefore diets supplemented with different levels of propionic acid were compared with diet supplemented with feed additive antibiotic zinc bacitracin in order to determine their effects on the performance of broiler birds. One hundred day-old chicks were selected for the experiment and arranged into five groups A, B, C, D and E. There were 20 chicks in each group. Group A served as a control while the diets of group B, C and D were supplemented with 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8 % propionic acid. The diet of group E was supplemented with feed additive antibiotic zinc bacitracin. The parameters selected for the experiment were Feed consumption, Weight gain, Feed conversion efficiency, Morbidity and mortality and Economical analysis of various treatment groups. The experiment was conducted at Animal Nutrition Section of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. The results thus obtained were statistically analyzed. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between group A (control) and group C (supplemented with 0.6% Propionic acid) in case of feed consumed and weight gained. There was no significant difference between various treatment groups in terms of feed conversion efficiency. As far as economics is concerned group E (supplemented with zinc bacitracin) was the most economical group among the various treatment groups. The use of propionic acid proved costly as compared to feed additive antibiotic zinc bacitracin. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0869,T] (1).

21. A Study On Surveillance Of Various Diseases/Problems Of Commercial Broiler Farming In Azad Kashmir

by Shaista Fazil | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. S. Naeem Jafary | Miss Sameera | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The main objective of present work was to investigate the prevalence of various diseases and target the managemental factors affecting the prevalence of various diseases in broiler farming in Azad Kashmir. For this purpose, the project was divided into three portions. In the first portion, a data regarding the prevalence of various diseases in broiler farms was collected from 1990-2000. Maximum mortality was due to infectious bursal disease which caused mortality percentage of 15.4. Other important diseases observed were coccidiosis (12.9%), Omphalitis (8.8%), Colibacillosis (8.2%). In the second portion of the project, one year retrospective study was done. This study was conducted from December, 1999 to December 2001. During this period, twenty broiler farms were visited. These birds had housed birds from 1000 to 5000. The information was collected from farmers, attendants and daily mortality register present at the farms. The influence of season on the prevalence of disease was also observed. A questionnaire was designed to collect the data from each farm that related to mortality rates, vaccination, susceptible age, managemental fault. Highest mortality was due to viral diseases. Infectious bursal disease was the great problem with morality percentage of 29.2 followed by Hydropericardium syndrome having mortality percentage of 20.3 and omphalitis with mortality percentage of 19. Influence of season on the disease was observed by dividing a calendar year into two portions i.e. summer and winter and mortality due to various diseases into two seasons was compared. Early chick mortality, Gumboro disease, Newcastle disease and respiratory diseases were observed to have high incidence in winter than summer while Hydropericardium, colibacillosis and coccidiosis were common in summer than winter. In the third portion of the project, a three months duration study period was decided from June to March, 2001. During this period, twenty broiler farms were visited and study on the prevalence of various diseases, disease mortality rates and managemental factors responsible for various diseases was done. During this period overall mortality was 15.4% due to various diseases. Important diseases causing mortality were Gumboro (25.9%), Hydropericardium (19.3%), Colibacillosis (14.5%) and Omphalitis (14%). Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1115,T] (1).

22. The Impact Of Community Based Animal Helth Services Delivery System On Epidemiological Parameters And Farmer'S

by Farrukh nazir | Dr. Muhammad athar khan | Dr. Haji ahmad hashmi | Dr. Muhammad.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: A study was conducted to understand the impact of community based animal health services delivery systems on epidemiological parameters and farmer's economic sustainability in Central Punjab. In Pakistan three systems for the animal health services delivery are being practiced without any data base and conclusive findings for the comparison purposes and in terms of the replication if needed in future, therefore, a study was planned to quantify and compare the three systems. These systems are; community based, public based and conventional based animal health services delivery systems. As the community based system was launched as Halla scheme, in Central Punjab through the German Technical Cooperation program / funding. Therefore, the other two systems i.e. public and conventional based were selected in the areas adjacent to the community based system (Halla Cluster). The project area was selected because of the similar geographical, environmental, socio cultural and political similarities. One cluster of five villages was selected randomly for each system. The data was obtained from each cluster through active disease surveillance and was recorded on a questionnaire. Each questionnaire was used for one farmer. The cluster of five villages was 'considered as one herd. In the 1st project, the clusters were quantified and compared on different parameters, like provision of animal health services, provided from the system to the member farmers. Epidemiological parameters like morbidity and mortality rate were recorded and analyzed statistically. In the 2IId project, the community trials were also conducted to compare the efficacy of prophylactic interventions, for the economically important diseases of buffaloes and cattle i.e. the haemorrhagic septicaemia and foot and mouth disease. The effect of deworming was also recorded with reference to morbidity and mortality. In the third project the sustainability of the farmers residing in the systems were compared in terms of cost benefit ratio. Animal health services were arranged like vaccination, treatment, deworming, artificial insemination and nutrition support. Poor, good and better services were provided in conventional based, community based and public based animal health services delivery systems, respectively. The impact of services on morbidity and mortality was recorded, the minimum morbidity and mortality rate was recorded in the community based system and moderate and maximum morbidity rate, mortality rate, number of outbreaks and fertility rate due to various diseases were recorded in the conventional based animal health service delivery system. The results were statistically analyzed and significant difference at a level 5% was estimated. The efficacy of the vaccination was estimated and it was statistically found that the morbidity and mortality rates were significantly low in the intervention herds of buffaloes and cattle, as compared to non intervention herds. The overall sustainability of the farmer in term of cost benefit ratio was higher in community based as compared to public based and conventional based animal health services delivery system. In conclusion the better the animal health services delivery system, the more prosperous was the farmer. So, it is recommended that the community based animal health service system be promoted and replicated on priority basis. The animal health services are provided by public based service deliverers but they are not of the same quality as were provided by the community based system in Halla Cluster. This is the reason that in spite of all the services provided by the public based system, the morbidity rate and mortality rate due to various infectious and non infectious diseases were higher in buffaloes and cattle as compared to the community based system. In conventional based system neither the community based services nor the public based services were available for the farmers because those areas were remote and far from the public veterinary hospitals. Therefore, the morbidity rate and mortality rate at the highest spectrum of ranking and disease burden/disease load. The magnitude of disease problems was highest in the conventional based, lowest in the community based system and intermediate in the public based system. Better the quality of services are provided the minimal are the losses due to the diseases in the animal populations and in turn better the cost benefit ratio and ultimately the more prosperous is the farmer. The only way of poverty alleviation in the rural communities is to replicate the community based animal health services delivery system (Halla) with certain modifications in the Provinces of Punjab and Sindh in particular and in North West Frontier Province and Balochistan in general Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1147,T] (1).

23. Descriptive Epidemiology Of Bovine Subclinical Mastitis And Non-Functional Teats

by Zaheer Hussain | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: The study was conducted to understand the prevalence of subclinical mastitis prevalence of non-functional teats and various factors associated with it, viz lactation age, lactation number, housing and hygiene. The economical losses due to subclinical mastitis and non-functional teats were also estimated. Four village Munianwala, Kot Lehnadas, Rossy and Damiranwala and two private farms located in Jattan Tha Warda and Wazirpur were selected on the basis of availability and non-availability of veterinary medical services. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was found to be 39.46% (58 affected cattle out of 147 lactating cattle) in cattle and 29.13% (162 affected buffaloes out of 556 lactating buffaloes) in buffaloes on animal basis and 12.79% (37 affected quarters out of 2791 quarters at risk) on quarter basis collectively in both species. The occurrence of subclinical mastitis was higher in hindquarters 60% than 40% in fore quarters. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was recorded, 32.21%, 27.73%, 21.84% and 18.20% in right hind, left hind, left front and right front quarters respectively from 220 affected animals. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was highest in 5th and 6th lactation animals, 36.23% in buffaloes and 42.85% in cattle followed by 3rd and 4th lactation animals 32.57% in buffaloes and 39.39% in cattle and 1st and 2nd lactation animals 24.50% in buffaloes and 39.34% in cattle. The lowest prevalence of subclinical mastitis was in group of animals which were in > 6th lactation. The highest prevalence of subclinical mastitis was observed in late stage of lactation in both buffaloes and cattle i.e. 33.65% and 56.09% respectively. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was found 27.71% in buffaloes and 31.57% in cattle in mid stage of lactation and 26.11% in buffaloes and 34.66% in cattle in early stage of lactation. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis in animals with poor, fair and good hygienic status was found to be 50%, 30.58% and 19.62% respectively. The prevalence of non-functional teats was found to be 0.75% (21 non-functional teats out of 2812 quarters at risk) on quarter basis and 2.84% animals (n=20/703) had non-functional teats. The economical losses due to non-functional were estimated to be Rs.340 per lactating animal and Rs.929 per farmer per annum. Losses due to subclinical mastitis were estimated to be Rs.536 per lactating animal and Rs.1467 per farmer per annum. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1175,T] (1).

24. Epidemiology Of Endo And Ecto Parasites Of Small Ruminants And Its Effect On Their Hematology Profile In District Bannu

by Niomat Ullah Khan | Prof. Dr. Muhammd Sarwar Khan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1607,T] (1).

25. Epidemiological Intelligence On Distribution & Dynamics Of Main Transboundary Diseases Of Ruminants In The Central Districts Of Punjab

by Muhammad Akram | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1844,T] (1).



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