51.
Role Of Pseudomonas As A Poultry Pathogen
by Khalid Hassan | ata _ Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed Afzal | S. Shahid | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: This research work was undertaken to assess the importance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a poultry pathogen. For this purpose 4000 samples comprised of spoiled eggs 1000, dead in shell chicks 1000, chicks dying during first week 1000, subsequent deaths 1000, were prodessed.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from 302 birds giving a percentage of 15.1. While examining spoiled hatching eggs Pseudomonas aeruginosa was revealed in 131 eggs giving a percentage of 13.1 and from 134 dead in shell chicks giving a percentage of 13.4.
The agewise incidence of Peudoinonas aeruginosp infection was zero percent in day old chicks, 25.6 percent in one week old, 24.84 percent in 2 weeks old, 12.69 percent in 3 weeks old, 11.76 percent in 8 weeks and 7.46 in 9 weeks, 7.69 percent in 11 weeks old and 9.32 percent in 12 weeks old and no incidence was observed in chicks of less than one week and in chicks beyond 12 weeks of age.
Pathogenicity of the isolate was studied in one day old chicks and 10 days old developing chick embryos. Twenty six out of 30 chicks died within one to 7 days whereas all the embryos died within 24 hours to 48 hours post-inoculation. The post-mortem examination in dead chicks showed haemorrhagic oedema at the site of inoculation and in dead embryos generalized congestion below the skin. Pseudonionas aeruginosa was re-isolated from heart blood and liver of these chicks and from yolk and chorioallantoic fluid of the embryos.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0217,T] (1).
52.
Sero-Epidemiology Of Brucelosis In Sheep And Goats At Livestock Production Research Institute (Bahadarnagar Farm)
by Shaukat Yab Khan | MUhammed Akram Muneer | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0218,T] (1).
53.
Studies On Clostridial Flora Of Ovine Gut
by Zarar Ahmad | S .Ata -Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Clostridial organisms are a part of the normal flora of animal intestine. Under conditions of stress and intestinal stasis bacteria multiply at a very rapid rate and produce intestinal disorders and other acute septicaemic diseases which may result in high mortality and condemnation of carcass and abortion and loss of milk yield in less severe cases.
Faecal samples of 500 sheep of various ages and both sexes, slaughtered at different abattoirs of Lahore were examined during the present study. Clostridial organisms belonging to different species were isolated from 320(64%) ou,t of 500 animals examined. Based upon morphological, colonial and biochemical characteristics these isolates were identified as Clostridium perfrinens 180(36%), Clostridium apcroenes 113(22.6%), Clostridium tetani 10(2%), Clostridium chauvoei 9(1.8%) and Clostridium botulinum 8(1.6%).
Pathogenicity of the isolates was determined in mice and it was observed that 36.25% of the isolates were pathogenic in this species producing acute septicaemic diseases. Out of the different species isolated 11.11% Clostridium chauvoei, 58.33% Clostridiuin prfrinens and 100% Clostridluin tetani were found pathogenic. Pure cultures of isolated organisms were obtained from the livers, tissues and blood of the inoculated mice.
Clostridia are an important group of pathogenic bacteria of veterinary public health significance, further work is recommended for the identification of the toxigenic groups within each species.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0219,T] (1).
54.
Study On Antibody Profile Against Brucella Melitensis (Rev-1 Strain) Vaccine In Sheep And Goat
by Manzoor Ahmad Ghumman | M.Akram Muneer | Mubasher | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: A total of 213 lambs/kids (60 lambs and 33 kids at livestock experiment station, Jahangirabad 40 lambs and 26 kids at livestock production research institute, Bahadarnagar and 60 lambs at livestock experiment station Qadarabad) were vaccinated with Brucella melitensis Rev. I vaccine. The lambs/kids, 4-6 months of age, that demonstrated zero antibody titre were selected for the experiment. Each lamb/kids recieved 2 ml of brucella melitensis Rev. I vaccine subcutaneously behind the shoulder. Vacenated lambs/kids were bled on 20,30,60,30,120, 150, 180 and 210 days post-vaccination. Sera were separated to determine the antibody profile using serum agglutination tube test. The antibody titre ranged 1/40 to 1/640, On day 20 post_vaccination which declines sharply. On days 210 post _vacination the antibody titre were from 1/10 to 1/40 in sheep at Livestock experiment station Jahangirabad, Oadirabad and livestock production research institute, Bahadurnagur.
The rate of abortion was 1.36% zero and 0.27% in sheep before vaccination at livestock experiment station, Jahangirabad, Livestock production research institute, Bahadurnagur and Livestock experiment station, Qadirabad respectively. The rate of abortion after vacitnation was nill at all the 3 livestock farms.
The rate of abortion in goat are 24.20% and 0% before vaccination at Livestock experiment station, Jahangirabad and 1ivestock production research institute - Bahadarnagar, respectively. The rate of abortion at livestock experiment station, Jahagirabad and Livestock production research institute, Bahadurnagur was 1.7% and 0% in goats after vaccination, respectively.
Antibody titre of brucella melitensis Rev. I vaccine falls sharply, within two months post-vaccination. A single dose of vaccine provided sufficient field immunization.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0228,T] (1).
55.
Serosurveillance Of Brucellosis And Leptospirosis In Horses At Lahore
by Amir Altaf, M | Muhammed Ajmal | M. Akram Muneer | Rashid Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0231,T] (1).
56.
Sero-Epidemiological Study Of Brucellosis In Domestic Animals Using Standard Plate Test, Standard Tube Test,
by Chani, M | Muhammed Naeem | Muhammed | Syed Ata- ur - Rehman rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The sero-epidemlological study of brucellosis was carried out to observe the incidence of brucellosis in 1000 slaughtered end 1000 healthy animals in Peshawar district of N.W.F.P. All the serum samples were subjected to four serological tests I.e. Standard Plate Test, (SPT) standard Tube Test, (STT) Rivanol Test, (RV) and 2,tlercapto-ethanol Test. (2,ME).
The incidence of brucellosis In 1000 healthy animals tested by Standard plate test, standard tube test, rivanol test, end 2,Mercopto-ethanol test was 2.4%, 1.46%, 1.05% end 0.52%, respectively. While the incidence of brucollosis in 1000 slaughtered animals from Peshawar abettior was 2.5%, 1.5%, 1.2% and 0.8% by standard plate test, standard tube test, rivanol test, and 2, Mercopto-ethonol test.
The incidence of the disease was higher in slaughtered animals as compared with healthy animals. The disease was more prevalence In goats as compared to buffaloes, cattle, end sheep.
The Incidence of brucellosis in male animal at slaughter house Peshawar was 5% by standard plate test.
While other three tests were found to be negative. Also the same result was recorded In live male animals.
The Incidence of brucellosis In female animals at slaughter house Peshawar was 2.29%, 1.56%, 1.25% and 0.83% by standard plate test, standard tube test, rivanol test and 2,Mercapto-ethenol test. Similarly it was seen that the disease was more common In aged animals as compares to Youngers stocks.
The efficacy of standard plate test was found more as compared to standard tube test, rivanol test, and 2,Mercepto-ethanol test In slaughtered as well as in apparently healthy animals at Peshawar district. Standard plate test detected 2.45%, where as standard tube test detected 1.80%, rivanol test detected 1.55%, and 2,Mercapto- ethanol test detected 1.05% positive cases in slaughtered as well as In healthy animals.
So the standard plate test was found to be more sensitive, reliable, and can be easily apply.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0241,T] (1).
57.
Isolation & Characterization Of Newcastle Disease Virus Strains In Poultry
by Shazia Afzal | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: A study was undertaken to isolate and characterize Newcastle Disease Virus Strains involved in field outbreaks.
A total of 1000 diseased/dead birds ( broilers, layers arid non-discript birds ) were examined for this purpose. The isolation of the virus was attempted from composite samples comprising lungs, liver, spleen, brain and proventriculus of the suspected birds, which was inoculated in embryonated eggs through allontoic cavity route. Out of the total birds examined only 6(0.06%) yielded ND Virus. All the strains present in allontoic fluid gave a positive reaction to spot haemagglutination test, on fowl RBCs. The isolates were confirmed as Newcastle disease pathogen through a positive reaction to haemagglutination inhibition test conducted with known positive sera against Newcastle disease.
Various value values obtained for mean death time (MDT) were 48, 60, 70, 72, 48 and 62 hours for isolates.
No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and £ respectively.. Values of intracerebral pathogencity index far isolated No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were 1.71, 1.68, 1.58, 1.46, 1.7 and 1.65 respectively. The intravenous pathogenecity index varies recorded were 230, 200, 1.91, 1.88, 2.08 and 1.93 for isolate No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 respectively.
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58.
Role Of Maternal Antibodies In Protection Against Infectious Bursal Disease (Ibd) In Commercial Broilers
by Zaheer Ahmad | Muhammed Akram Muneer | s. Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: In this study, the decay rate of maternal antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) protective efficacy of maternal antibodies to experimental IBDV challenge and the protective efficacy of a live IBD virus vaccine (Bursine 11) to I8DV experimental challenge were studied. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent 1ssay (ELISP) was standardized and performed to analyze the serum samples.
The level of maternal antibodies to (IBDV) was found to be positive till the fourth week of age. The line of best fit to this decay rate within the study period was found to be Y=0.43-O.O53 (week) and has the coefficient of determi- nation 0.904. The positive level of maternal antibodies after second week of age were found insufficient to protect broiler chicks against the IBDV challenge. Maximum mortality (207.) was observed after experimental IBDV challenge at 35 days of age in broiler chicks. This suggested that the offsprings need to be vaccinated with the live IBD virus vaccine before that age.
The maternal antibodies were demonstrated to interfere with the live vaccination.
vaccination. Live virus at 14 days of age were found to be protective and a booster with the same vaccine in the fifth week of age prevented the chicks from infection.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0250,T] (1).
59.
Studies On Anaerobic Ruminal Bacterial In Nili-Ravi Buffaloes
by Sajjad Hussain, S | S.Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Rashid Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: 1000 samples of ruminal fluid, 500 from each of the two experimental Nili-Ravi buffaloes, kept in Nutrition Section of College of Veterinary Science Lahore were examined for ruminal flora. One quarter of sample 1rom each animal were used for the isolation of proteolytic, amylolytic and lypolytic bacteria.
From these samples 617 species of bacteria were Isolated and identified on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristic. Number of species of different bacteria isolated were Streotococcus bovis 229 (109 from tiuffalne A and 120 from buffaloe B.), Selenomonas ruminantium 16 (9frorn buffaloe A and 7 from buffaloe B), Bacterolde amylophilus 83 (28 from buffaloe A and 55 from buffaloe B); Bacteroides ruminicola 79 (36 from buffaloe A and 43 from buffaloe B), Anaerovibrio lvoolvtica 47 (19 from buffaloe A and 28 from buffaloe B), Bacteroides succiriopenes 59 (31 from buffaloe A and 28 from. buffaloe B), Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 40 (25 front buffaloe from A and 15 from buffaloe B), and Ruminncoccus fjvifacieris 64 (26 from buffaloe A and 38 from buffaloe B).
It was observed that both the experimental buffaloes, maintained on the same diet, had a similar type of bacterial flora, the differences being in number only.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0252,T] (1).
60.
Studies On Isolation, Identification And Pathogenicity Of Bacteria Isolated From The Respiratory Tract Of Cattle And Buffaloes At Lahore Abattoir
by Yousaf, M | Muhammed akram Muneer | Ata-Ur- Rizvi | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: total of 1200 samples consisting of 300 nasal, 300 tracheal, 300 bronchial swabs and 300 pieces of lung tissue from 150 randomly selected cows and buffaloes (75 from each species) were collected from abattoir of Lahore Corporation. Of the total samples 702 isolates were isolated and identified on the basis of their morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics. The isolates included Pdsteurellp multocida 89 strains, (45 strains from buffaloes and 44 strains from cows), Pasteurella haemolvtica 98 strains (59 from buffaloes and 39 strains from cows), Corynebacterium ovocenes 76 strains (54 strains from buffaloes and 22 strains from cows), Escherichia coli 146 strains (80 strains from buffaloes and 66 strains from cow), Staphylococcus epidermidis 152 strains (75 strains from buffaloes and 77 strains from cows), Bacillus subtilit 135 strains (67 strains from buffaloes and 68 strains from cows), and Mycobacterium bovis 6 strains (2 strains from buffaloes and j strains from cattle).
The isolation percentage of Pasteurella. multocida was 19.66% in buff aloes and 13% in cattle, 15% Pasteurella haemolytica was present in buffaloes and 14.66% Pasteurella haemolvtica in cows. 18% and 7.33% Corvnebacterium pyogenes could be isolated from buffaloes arid cattle respectively. 26.66% and 22% Escherictiia coli was isolated from buffaloes and cattle respectively. From buffaloes and cows 25 and 25.66% of Staohvlococcus epidermidis was isolated respectively. Bacillus subtilis was 22.33% and 22.66% in buffaloes and cows respectively 2.66% and 5.33% Mvcobacterium bovis was isolated from buffaloes and cattle respectively.
There was small difference in the number of isolates from buffaloes and cattle. Pasteurella haemolytica, Staphyloicoccus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis proved to be nonpathogenic while Pagsteurella multocida, Corynebacterium pyogenes ai.d Escherichia coli caused l00, 50 and 59 percent mortality on experimental inoculation. Mycobacterum bovis was non pathogenic for mice. However upon intraperitoneal inoculation in rabbit it caused 57% mortality.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0253,T] (1).
61.
Immunomodulatory Effects Of Coccidiostats In Broiler Chicks
by Fraaz Mahmood | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Manzoor | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: This study indicated that Amprolium and Clopidol (Coyden 25) when used at recommended dosage levels (6.25 gm of pure drug/50 kg of feed & 25 gin of premix/50 kg of feed respectively) did not interfere with the body weight gain of birds; did not have adverse effects on weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus, liver; did not interfere with the development of serum antibody in vaccinated or vaccinated and challenged birds; their medication in feed had beneficial effects on serum antibody development; did not result in higher post-challenge mortality of vaccinated birds as compared to the non-medicated vaccinated control birds. The injection to baby chicks on first 4 consecutive post-hatching days with a known immunosuppressive agent (Cyclophosphamide) resulted in lower body weights, destruction of the bursa of Fabricius, poor antibody response of birds to vaccination against NDV, and very high post-challenge mortality, upon challenge with a virulent strain of NDV.
The weight gain studies indicated that vaccinated and non-vaccinated birds on Amprolium and Clopidol medicated feeds had non-significantly higher body wegh ts that those on non-mothcateii ration at 42 days of age. Oopiclo) (Coyden 25), at recommended dosage level, had more beneficial effects on the body weights than the Amprolium. These studies further indicated that vaccinated birds kept on Clopidol medicated feed had significantly higher serum antibody titres on day 42 than the vaccinated non-medicated control birds. The serum antibody titres of vaccinated birds on Clopidol medicated feed were significantly higher than those fed Amprolium at recommended dosage levels. From the results of this study it is concluded that Clopidol and Amprolium are not immunosuppressive drugs when used at recommended dosage levels. They rather have beneficial effects on growth 1)erforr1arIce and immune response of birds. However, there is a need for further investigations.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0256,T] (1).
62.
Sero-Epidemiology Of Leptospirosis In Buffaloes In Sargodha Division
by Muzaffar Ahmad, Gondal | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Leptospirosis is an infectious disease of domestic animals and man. In dairy animals leptospiral infection may produce reproductive disorders, abortion, repeat breeding, mastitis and infertility. Etiological agent has more than 180 distinct pathogenic serovars which can be classified into 18 serogroups.
On the basis of serological evidence of leptospirosis, a study was carried out to find the incidence, magnitude and serological distribution of leptospira interrogans in Sargodha division. Out of 713 total serum samples, 301, 157, 147 and 108 were collected from Sargodha, Khushab, Bhakkar and Mianwali districts respectively. These serum samples were of aborted, mastitis infected, healthy pregnant and non pregnant, sterile, repeat breeding and male (service, plough and traction) buffaloes. All the samples were subjected to Rapid Macroscopic Agglutination Test (RMAT). This test was performed both for initial screening and for the identification of leptospiral serovars of positive animals against eleven antigens used.
So it is necessary to control the veneral disease in dairy animals as the evidence suggests that the disease may cause great economic losses to the livestock.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0257,T] (1).
63.
Studies On The Bacterial Etiology Of Metritis In Buffaloes And Cows And In-Vitro-Antibioitic Sensitivity Of The Isolates
by Idrees Ali Zahid | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Muhammed Naeem | Tufail | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1983Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0259,T] (1).
64.
A Study On The Incidence And Tyhpes Of Salmonella Infection In Sparrows
by Anjum Anwar | Ata_ur-Rehman | Muhammed Naeem | Tufail | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: In the present study a total number of 100 sparrows were studied for the isolation of Salmonella organisms. The internal organs like spleen, liver, intestine and lymph node were removed from the birds and cultured on enrichment and selective media for isolation of Salmonellae. The isolates were confirmed by biochemical and serological tests. Three species of genus Salmonella namely Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella pullorurn and Salmonella gallijiarum were isolated, the relative % of each species being 3%, 6%, and 20% respectively. The presence of Salmonella typhimurium in sparrows was of great public health significance, while the two latter species were of great importance for the poultry industry. Further work on a much large scale, was recommended
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0268,T] (1).
65.
Sero-Epidemiology Of Rinderpest & Bovine Viral Diarrhea (Mucosal Disease) In Sheep And Goats
by Amjad Hassain | Muhammed Amin Sheikh | Manzoor | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of rinderpest and bovine viral diarrhea virus antibodies in the sera of sheep and goats. For this purpose, 1000 serum samples were randomly collected from four different sources. The samples were distributed uniformly from each species i,e.. sheep and goats from all the four sources. Agar gel-immunodiffusion (PGID) test was employed for the investigations.
The results of the study revealed that overall 4.2% sheep sera were having rinderpest viurs antibodies while 1.6% sheep sera were possessing antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus. Goat sera tested demonstrated that 2.4% were having rinderpest virus antibodies whereas only 1.0% were possessing antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus. It is observed that there is higher prevalence rate of rinderpest virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus antibodies in sheep as compared to goats.
The findings of this project revealed a moderate exposure, of sheep and goat population surveyed, to the pathogens of both the diseases. However further research is suggested for realistic determination of the role of sheep and goats in epidemiology of these menaces and the resultant revival of the control measures..
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0285,T] (1).
66.
Bacteriological Study Of Enteritis In Broiler Breeders In And Around Lahore
by Imtiaz ul Haq | Muhammed Naeem | Mubasher | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0286,T] (1).
67.
Seerological Incidence Of Avian Infectious Bronchitis In Broiler In Lahore
by Talha Farooq | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Avian Infectious Bronchitis (AIB) is an important disease of chickens affecting birds of all ages, both sexes and, all breeds. The disease is more severe in broilers.
It occurs .in two clinical forms i.e. the respiratory form and the reproductive form. In the first form of disease the mortality is an important factor, while in the latter form the reproductive tract and reproduction of birds are affected. The economic significance of Avjan Infectious Bronchitis lies in the fact that it causes moderate to heavy mortality and marked drop in egg production, increased number of small size, misshaped, and poor quality eggs; low hatchability, death in shell and early chick mortality.
The present work was planned to investigate the serological incidence of Avian Infectious Bronchiti and to have a knowledge about the important serotypes provlent in Pakistan. The sera of 200 broilers from various broiler markets and poultry farms of Lahore was tested against 4 serotypes of Aviari Infectious Bronchitis virus i.e; 1assachusets, Connecticut, Arkansas and JMK using haemsgglutination inhibition test.
The work has shown that Avjan Infectious - ronchitis is present in broilers in and around Lahore, as antibodies against three important serotypes i.e. Massachusetts, Connecticut and Arkansas were detected in 11.5% sera of 200 tested birds.
Further work on large scale using birds from different parts of the country is recommended to determine the exact status of this disease in Pakistan.
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68.
Toxigenic Properties Of Staphylococcus Aureus From Human And Animal Origin
by Tayyaba Rashid | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Manzoor | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: A total number of hundred strains of Staphylococcus aureus including 50 human and 50 horse wounds strains, were isolated on Staphylococcus medium No.110. The isolated strains were maintained on nutrient agar slants. The strains of Staphylococcus aureus were examined for the production of coagulase, fibrinolysin, alpha haemolysin,beta haemolysin and delta toxin. The isolated strains were coagulase positive but a variable coagulase activity against the plasma of human, sheep and rabbit. Human plasma gave better results than rabbit and sheep plasma. brinolytic activity of Stapylococcus aureus was tested in oxalated plasma of human, sheep and rabbit. Strains isolated from human surgical wounds were found to be more fibrinolytic as compared to horse isolates. Human and rabbit plasma were a better indicators for checking fibrinolytic activity. None of the isolated strains showed fibrinolytic activity against sheep plasma.
The isolates of Stphlococcus aureus were cultured for alpha haernolysin production in nutrient broth culture. Alpha toxin was purified and its haemolysin activity was determined qualitatively and quantitatively against human, sheep and rabbit erythrocytes. Maximum haemolytic activity was observed against rabbit erythrocytes. Out of hundred strains, sixty-eight produced alpha haemolysin including 45 from human and 23 from horse wounds.
The isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were cultured in semi-solid Heart infusion agar for the production of eta haemolysin. This toxin was purified and its haemolytic activity was determined qualitatively and quantitatively against human, sheep and rabbit erythrocytes. Naximum haemolytic activity was observed against sheep erythrocytes. Out of the hundred strains, beta haemolysin was produced by sixty-two strains including 15 from human and 47 from horses.
The isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were cultured in Brain Heart infusion agar for .the production of delta toxin. This toxin was purified and its haernolytic activity was observed qualitatively and quantitatively against human, sheep and rabbit erythrocytes. Maximum haemolytic activity of dlta toxin was observed against human erythrocytes. Out of the hundred strains, seventy-one produced delta toxin including 43 from human and 28 from horses.
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69.
Study Of Dahi Microflora
by Khalid Naeem | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Tufail | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1982Dissertation note: One hundred and fifty three dahi samples, from Lahore Milk Plant (51) from various homes (51), and from the Lahore city market (51), were subjected to physical and bacteriological examination.
The physiological analysis revealed that only 24% of Lahore milk plant dahi samples were of popular solid-uniform texture; however, 58% were having good aroma and desirable taste; 64% samples from home made dahi were also of good texture typical /acidic aroma sweet/mildly sour in taste. From market 65% were of firm texture, desirable flavour rind sweet/mildly sour in taste. The remaining samples were of poor quality viz, of watery tecture, sour or bitter in taste and alcoholic or yeasty in aroma. Total bacterial count was ranging tram 2 x 107- 1 x109 organisms per ml from Lahore Milk plant dahi, 2.5 x 107 -9.8 x 108 organisms per ml in home made dahi and 1.1x106-9.5x107 organisms per ml from market made dahi.
The fat percentage aid pH values were 3.8 - 3.9% and 3.5 - 5.9 from Lahore Milk Plant dahi, 3.2 to 4.4% and 3.4 to 6.0 from home-made dahi and 2.5-4.3% snd 3.4-4.9 in market-made dahi, respectively.
The number of samples showing various a types of organisms from Lahore Milk Plant made dahi are given below:
Sterptococcus lactis (48 samples), Streptoccus thermophilus (47 samples), Lactobacillus acidophilus (45 samples), Lactobacillus bulgarious (35 samples), Leuconostoc citrovorum (10 samples) Escherichis coli (5 samples) Bacillus cereus (2 samples), Entrobacter aerogenes (2 samples), yeasts (2 samples) and moulds (1 samples)
The number of samples showing different types of organisms from home made and market made dahi are detailed below:
Streptococcus lactis (45 and 43 samples), Streptococcus thermophilus (45 and 30 samples), Streptococcus faecalis (7 & 12 samles), Staphylococcus suresu (2 and 5 samples), Lactobacillus acidophilus (35 & 25 samples), Lactobacillus casei (1&4 samples), Lactobacillus bulgaricus (40 & 48 samples) Leuconostoc citrovorum (12 and 15 samples), Escherichia coli (10 and samples), Enterobacter aerogenes (8 & 18 samples), Bacillus cereus (5 and 12 samples), yeasts (6&7 samples) and moulds (2&3 samples) respectively.
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70.
A Study On The Incidence Of Glanders At Lahore
by Nasreen Niaz | Muhammed Yousaf Vaid | Altaf Hussain | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1977Dissertation note: Using P.P.D. mallein 200 horses from the Lahore S.P.C.A. Hospital were subjected to intradermal palpebra]. mallein test. One horse gave a positive result giving an over all percentage of 0.5 percent in the animals tested.
The morphological, biochemical and pathogenic characteristics of the Pseudomonas mallei isolated erom this solitary positive case were studied and reported.
Keeping in view the highly contagious nature of the disease and its communicability to man, measures for its diagnosis and eradication have been recommended.
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71.
Effects Of Coccidiosis On Immune Response Of Broiler Chickens
by Farhat Nazir Awan | muhammed Naeem | Muhammed | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: This study indicates that Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix infection (50,000 sporulated oocysts\bird) interfere with the body weight gain of birds, have adverse effects on weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of fabricius, spleen, thymus and liver, interfere with the development of serum antibody in vaccinated birds only, when the vaccination is done in the presence of organisms, does not interfere with the development of serum antibody in vaccinated challenged birds, results in high post cha1leige mortality of vaccinated birds as compared to the vaccinated control and vaccinated coccidiosis treated birds. The injection to baby chicks on 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th day post hatching with Cyclophosphamide resulted in lower body weight, destruction of the bursa of fabricius, poor antibody response of birds to vaccination against NDV and very high post challenge mortality upon challenge with a virulent strain of NDV.
The weight gain studies inctkated that vaccinated and non- vaccinated coccidial infested birds and coccidiosis treated birds had significantly lower body weight than those of control\coccidiosis free birds at 50 days of age. Coccidial infection had adverse effects on the body weight gain. The study further indicated that vaccinated coccidial infested birds had significantly lower serum antibody titers on day 50 than the vaccinated control and vaccinated coccidiosis treated birds. The serum level of vaccinated coccidiosis treated birds and vaccinated control bird were on same level at day 50.
From the results of this study it is concluded that coccidia are immunosuppressive agent but they suppress the growth performances and immune response of bird temporarily. However, when the birds recover from the infection, they attain their normal immune status.
SUMMARY
The birds that received oocysts of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria necatrix (50,000 sporulated oocysts\bird) and were not treated throughout the experimental period had lower weight gains than the coccidiosis treated cyclophosphamide treated and coccidiosis free\control birds.
Coccidial infection adversely affected the weight of thyrnus, liver whereas bursa of fabricius and spleen had slight depression in their weight. Cyclophosphamide treatment of birds in early life resulted in bursal atrophy and slight depression of splenic weight.
As compared to control and coccicliosis treated birds, the sera of NDV vaccinated coccidial infested birds had lower antibody titers on day 50. The post challenge sera of NDV vaccinated coccidial infected birds had higher antibody titers as compared to NDV vaccinated cyclophosphamide treated birds. The NDV vaccinated coccidial infested and NDV vaccinated cyclophosphamide treated birds had significant post virulent NDV challenge mortality, whereas the vaccinated control and vaccinated coccidiosis treated birds did not have any mortality following NDV challange.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0302,T] (1).
72.
Studies On H.S.Oil Adjuvant Vaccine Prepared By Dense Culture Of Pasturella Multocida Robert Type-1 On Improved Culture Medium
by Kausar Tasneem | Muhammed Amin Sheikh | Manzoor | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present project was designed to develop HS oil adjuvant vaccine (CAy) on a special medium. A dense culture was prepared by enriching the routine nutrient broth medium, used for the production of alum-precipitated vaccine (APv) presently. It was concluded that various ingredients, including yeast extract, sucrose, trypticase, sodium bicarbonate, used in proper concentrations, certainly increase the number of bacterial population in the culture medium and help in attaining the requisite 2 mg dry weight of Pasteurella mnultocicla per dose of vaccine. Moreover the organism develops its full antigenic characteristics due to supply of these essentially required nutrients. Aeration of the culture medium is also essential for attaining the dense culture of the organism. Slight agitation was used to provide aeration to the bacteria. The emulsified vaccine was prepared with 15:10:1.5 parts of the bacterial suspension,liquid paraffin and lanolin. The emulsion on prepration, developed a white colour and adhered to clean glass surface evenly. The product proved to possess a long shelf life when maintained at room temperature. Mouse model was chosen to study the safety and potency of both the vaccines i.e. OAV and APV. The potency of both the vaccines was compared and calculated by a standard method of OSE and Muenstar (1968). Oil adjuvant vaccine gave better results of 5.2 log protection as compared to APV, where the log protection value came to 2 only.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0304,T] (1).
73.
Immunogenic Studies On Temperature Resistant V4 Strain Of Newcastle Disease Virus
by Sakhawat Hussain, Shah | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | Manzoor | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: This experiment was conducted to study the immunogenic response of '14 strain of NOV which was administered through different routes normaly practiced in Pakistan (eyedrop, drinking water, subcut and intramuscular)
Birds in group A were vaccinated intraocularly on 7th day of age and then on 21st day of age they were again vaccinated subcutaneously with '14 strain of NOV . The GMT titer on 12nd day of their. age was 169 and they showed 757. survival when challenged with VVNDV.
Group B was administered V4 strain of NDV in drinking water twice on 7th day of age and on 21st day of age. Their GMT HI titre on 42nd day was 104 .They showed 70%. protection percentage when challenged with virulent virus.
Chicks of group C were vaccinated introcularly with V4 strain on 7th day of their age and intramuscularly on 21st day of their age with V4. Their sera when analysed on 42nd day of age indicated GMT HI titre of 181. They showed highest protection 807. when , Challenged with virulent virus.
Group 0 was vaccinated intraocularlywith Mukteswar strain of MDV on 7th day again substaneously on 2lth day . Their GMT H.I titre was 194 on 42nd day of age.
Challenged with VVNDV protected 85% birds.
This study indicates that V4 strain of NOV induces higher H I titer and protection percentage when administered 1/rn than S/C and drinking water routes. However Mukteswar strain gives more HI titer and protection than V4 strain through S/C route.
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74.
Studies On Avian Pasteurolosis, Characterization Of Isolates From Diseased Carrier Birds
by Tanveer Afzal | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | S Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: A total of 1000 birds (600 diseased/dead and 400 healthy) were examined for the isolation of the Pasteurelia muitocida so as to have an idea about the incidence of fowl cholera in the poultry flocks (Broiler and Layer) and the percentage of the carriers for the organism maintiined in and around Lahore.
Out of 600 diseased/dead birds examined 1% yielded Pasteurella inultocida. None of the 400 healthy birds proved carrier for organism. All the six isolates produced small, greyish, circular colonies on blood agar. The growth in the Triptic Soya agar appeared in the form of convex, entire edged, mucoid colonies having a diameter of ljim.
There was not any growth on MacConkey agar. All the isolates fermented glucose, sucrose, mannose, mannitol, xylose and fructose with production of both, acid and gas. Likewise all the six isolates were positive for nitrate reduction, catalase/reduction, indole production H2sproduction nitrate reduction tests.
None of the isolates was positive for gelatin liquification methyl red test, voges-Proskauer test, and urease production test. All the isolated organisms were non-motile.
All the isolates proved pathogenic to mice. Antibitics including chloramphenicol, Gentamicin Furadantin, Streptomycin and Nalidixic acid were highly effective against all the isolated strains. However the isolates were insensitive to Tetracycline and Erythromycin.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0325,T] (1).
75.
Serological Sruvey Of Brucellosis And Leptospirosis In Camels
by Anwar ul Haq | Muhammed Naeem | Muhammed | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present study was carried out to determine the incidence of brucellosis and leptospirosis in camels. Five hundred serum samples of camels awaiting slaughter at Lahore abattoir were tested in laboratory by slide agglutination and standard tube agglutination tests. The slide agglutination test recorded a relatively higher prevalence of the disease than the standard tube agglutination test.
Four leptospira serovars were used as antigen and positive results were obtained with L. pomona, L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. australis. The serum samples having a leptospiral antibody titre of > 100 were considered as positive.
The over-all prevalence of brucellosis in camel population was 4.2% by slide agglutination test and 3.6% by standard tube agglutination test. The overall incidence of brucellosis in male camels was found to be 3.4% and the female camels demonstrated a prevalence of 4.5%.
The sera with standard tube agglutination titre of 1.40 and above were considered positive while those heaving a titre of 1:20 were located as doubtful.
The overall prevalence of leptospirosis was 3.4% while it was 2.72% in male camples and 3.4% in female camples.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0326,T] (1).
76.
Immunomodulatory Effects Of Vitamins On Stressed Broiler Chickens
by Isma Nazli Bashir | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Muhammed | Muhammed Amin Sheikh | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The birds which received vitamin C (300 mg/kg of feed) had higher mean body weight than the birds which received vitamins B2, B6, 1312, cyclophosphamide and ration without vitamins.
Vitamins B2, B6, B12 and C treatments did not affect the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus or liver weights. Treatment of birds with cyclophosphamide in early life resulted in bursal atrophy and depression of splenic weights.
Compared to Cyclophosphamide treated and ration without vitamins offered bird, the sera of NDV vaccinated birds kept on vitamins B2, B6, B12 and C had higher antibody titres on day 42. Amongst various treatment groups the highest haemagglutination-inhibition titre was recorded in Vitamin C treated birds. The post-challenge sera from NDV vaccinated birds [Group 1(vitmin B2 treated), II(vitamin B6 treated), III(vitamin B12 treated) & IV(vitamin C treated)] had higher antibody titre as compared to group V(cyclophosphamide injected) and VII(offered ration containing vitamins).
The NDV vaccinated birds of groups Ib(vitaniin B2 treated), llb(vitamin &B6 treated), IIIb(vitamin B12 treated), IVb(vitamin C treated), VIb(offered ration containing vitamins) and VIIb(offered ration without vitamins) did not have any significant post virulent NDV challenge mortality. However, hundred per cent mortality in the birds of subgroups Ia(vitamin B2 treated), IIa(vitamin B6 treated),
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0327,T] (1).
77.
Comparative Evaluation Of Mukteswar Strain N.D. Vaccine With Losota And Clonel.Z.58 New Castle Disease Vaccine
by M.D.Mumtaz | Muhammed Naeem | Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: New Castle disease still continues to he serious economic threat to poultry industry throughout the world due to its high morbidity and mortality rate.
In Pakistan different vaccines are being used to control this disease. Now-a-days different N.D. vaccines are being imported and used on large scale in Pakistan without; knowing their immunogenic response.
The present study with this project was conducted to evaluate the immunogenecity of our locally prepared Mukteswar strain of N. D. vaccine with imported Deivax Clone LZ 58 and Lasota strains of New Castle disease vaccines. To three groups "A", W. "C", comprising of 25 chicks each Nukteswar, 1,Z Clone 58 and Las toa ND vaccines were administered intramuscularly and group D was kept as unvaccinated control.
Mukteswar ND vaccine gave high imanuanogenic response on day 14 (P.V) with Geomean HI titre of 438 which persisted on day 2i. LZ Clone 68 ND vaccine gave a Geomean HI Sitre of 362 on day 14 which also persisted on day 21.
Laston vaccine gave a Geomean HI titre of antibodies on 14th day as 262 which persisted on day 21 (P. V) which was the lowest as compared to other two vaccines. All the three vaccines resisted challenge. Therefore it is observed from the above findings that Liukteswar strain of ND vaccine gave better results as compared to Clone and Lasota imported vaccines and their import on such large scale be stopped.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0333,T] (1).
78.
Studies On The Anaerobic Flora Of The Camel Intestine
by Saeed Akhtar, Lodhi | Ata-Ur- Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The study was undertaken to determine the anaerobic intestinal flora of camel. Anaerobic organisms are a part of the normal flora of animal intestine. Under condition of stress and intestinal stasis bacteria multiply at a very rapid rate and produce intestinal disorders and other diseases.
The sample of intestinal contents were collected from 100 apparently healthy camels slaughtered at Lahore abattoir. Anaerobic organisms belonging to different species were isolated from 55 out of 100 animals examined. Based upon morphological, colonial and biochemical characteristics these isolates were
identified as clostridium perfingens 29 (29%) Clostridium sporogenese 10 (10%), Clostridium tetani 4 (4%), Clostridium chauvoei 2 (2%), Clostridium botulinum 3 (3%), Clostridium bifermentans 5 (5%), Clostridium septicum 2 (2%). Pathogenicity of the isolates was determined in mice and it was observed that 15% of the samples were pathogenic. Out of the different species isolated 38% clostriadium perfringens and 100% Clostridium tetani were found pathogenic. Pure culture of isolated organisms were Qbtained from liver, tissues and blood of the inoculated mice.
Since clostridia possess the ability to invade the animal tissue under condition of stress it is suggested that proper prohylactic measures should be adopted to protect the animal from these diseases. High incidence of clostridia in slaughtered camel is alarming. Appropriate hygienic measures are needed to be adopted. A little literature is available on this topic and it requires a series of investigations to get a complete picture of anaerobic organisms present in gastro intestinal tract.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0338,T] (1).
79.
Sero-Epidemiological Studies On Bovine Viral Diarrhoea In Buffaloes And Cattle At L.P.R.I. Bahadarnagar And Qadirabad
by Hameed Awan, A | Muhammed Ajmal | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Serological examination of 1800 serum samples, consisting of 1242 sample, from apparently healthy cattle, and 558 samples from apparently healthy buffaloes, by agar-gel diffusion method, revealed that 181 samples were positive for antibodies against Bovine Virral Diarrhoea-Mucosal- Disease Virus giving an overall incidence of 10.087..
The incidence was higher in buffaloes (10.397.) as compared to cattle (9.907.). Sex based analysis of the data revealed that the incidence was higher in females (10.237.) as compared to males (9.307.) in both the species. The percentage of positive cases was higher in adult cattle (11.297.) as compared to young animals (7.207.). Similarly the age wise incidence of the disease in buffaloes was also found to be higher in adults (13.467.) than in young (3.127.).
The occurence of antibodies against bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease virus in apparently healthy unvaccinated animals in such a large number was indicative of the prevalance of the disese in Pakistan. Since the virus is capable of producing acute disease syndromes and subsequently causing heavy mortalities, it is suggested that it is high time that appropriate measures, to control the malady, be taken for saving the heavy losses in livestock sector due to this disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0341,T] (1).
80.
Studies On The Aerobic Flora Of The Camel Intestine
by Jamshed Iqbal, Bhatti | Ata -Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Muhammed | Muhammed Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The study as undertaken to determine the aerobic intestinal bacterial flora of camel in an attempt to understand the epidemiological role played by this animal in transmission of diseases to other animals and man.
The sample of intestinal contents were collected from 100 apparently healthy camels slaughtered at Lahore abattoir. Each sample was processed through a series of enrichment, differential and selective media for effective primary isolation and identification of aerobic bacteria.
The identification of isolates was further based upon their morpholgy and biochemical characteristics.
The salmonellae were isolated from 287. and coliform organisms from 157. animals slaughtered respectively.
The presence of salmonella in the faeces of 28% animals as highly alarming as it could triger up outbreaks of enteric infection in human beings.
Aerobactor and Proteus species were found to be one precent which is not so alarming where as Shigella species as zero percent. Strict hygienic measures at the abattoir are recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0342,T] (1).
81.
Comparative Study On Ordinary Alum Precipitated And Special Alum Precipitated H.S Vaccine By Dense
by Sajjad Hussain | Dr. Ata-ur-rehman rizvi | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0351,T] (1).
82.
Factors Affecting Haemagglutination Activity Of Newcastle Disease Virus
by Monem Rizvi, Syed | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr. Mian Mubasher Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: While standardizing various components of haemagglutination (HA) test optimum results were obtained using phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as a diluent, 0.5 per cent red blood cells suspended in PBS as indicator, and by incubating the microtitration plates at 4C. While best Haemagglutination-Inhibition (HI) titers were obtained by using 4 HA Units of antigen and 60 minutes incubation period (time given for antigen-serum reaction). The HI test did not detect maternal antibodies in the serum of birds after 4 week of age. Initial vaccination of chicks at 7 days of age followed by a booster dose at 21 days of age, elicited a good immune response and protected the broilers against virulent NDV challenge at 49 days of age. Administration of a single dose of NDV vaccine at 7 day of age or three NDV vaccine doses, one for priming at 7 days of age, second for first boosting at 21 days of age and third as a second booster dose at 35 days of age were not recommended, as in first case the immunity was short lived and in second case birds were exposed to unnecessary stress.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0353,T] (1).
83.
Sero-Epidemiological Study Of Brucellosis And Leptospirosis In Cattle And Buffaloes
by Arshad, M | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr. Mohammad Naeem | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Serum samples were coil collected from 400 buffaloes & 400 cattle maintained at Livestock Production Research Institute Bahadurr.aqar Okara The serum samples were subjected to serological test to detect the presence of antibodies against brucellae and leptospirae..
An over all 7.75 percent animals were found to harbour the antibrucella antibodies. The incidence by R8PT was 5.75 percent & 6,5 percent in cattle and buffaloes respectively whereas 7.0 percent and 8.5 percent samples were found positive to brucellae in cattle and buffaloes respectively by SAT.
The incidence of leptospirosis in cattle and buffaloes was recorded to he 9.75 percent and 10.0 percent respectively with an over all incidence of 9.38 percent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0354,T] (1).
84.
Comparative Efficacy Of Single And Booster Foot And Mouth Disease Vaccination In Buffaloes
by Amir, M | Dr. Atta-ur-Rehman Rizvi Chairman | Dr. Mohammad Amin Sheikh Nember | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to determine the duration of immunity conferred in buffalo-calves by locally prepared cell culture (BHK-21 cell line) FMD vaccine both in response to single dose vaccination as well as to booster dose vaccination. The cell culture bivalent FMD vaccine, having 0 and Asia-I serotypes, was prepared on BHK-21 cell line and inactivated with forma-line. The virus was adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide gel. The virus culture having the titre not less than io6 TCID50 per ml was used for preparing the vaccine. Safety, sterility and potency of the vaccine was thoroughly checked before its use in the trial.
Eighteen buffalo-calves, aged 1-2 years, were used in the experiment. Their freeness from FMD and susceptibility were tested by performing the serum neutralization test in cell culture, which indicated the absence of neutralizing antibodies in their sera against the vaccine virus types. Their faecal examination was negative for any internal parasite after deworming twice. Twelve buffalo-calves were vaccinated subcutaneously with the field dose i.e. 5 ml and 6 animals were re-vaccinated on 28th day of primary vaccination while other 6 buffalo-calves were left as unvaccinated control. The vaccinated animals showed slightly rise in temperature 'and developed a walnut size swellings at the sites of injection otherwise they looked to be healthy.
Serum samples were collected at 0 day to 26th week from once vaccinated animals and upto 36th week from the booster vaccinated and control animals. Almost all the vaccinated animals developed antibodies against FMD on 1st week, but all the vaccinated animals developed protective levels of neutralizing antibodies against FMD on 2nd week of primary vaccination. The single dose vaccinated buffalo-calves maintained the protective level of antibodies upto 16 weeks while booster vaccinated animals remained protective for 24 weeks against both the vaccine virus types (0 and Asia-I), to which booster vaccination was done on 28th day of primary vaccination.
It was concluded from this study that the buffalo-calves of this age group should be re-vaccinated after 18 weeks of primary vaccination to protect them for further 24 weeks against F'MD i.e. booster vaccination is must for scheduling at least the biannual vaccination. Subsequent re-vaccination will increase the time span for repeating the vaccination.
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85.
Inter-Relationship Of Haemagglutination Inhibition (Hi) Titres Against Newcastle Disease Vaccine (Mukteswar Straom) Of Dam's Serum, Egg Yolk And Serum Of The Chick
by Masood ul Hasan Javed | Dr. Mohammad Naeem | Dr. Sheikh Mohammad Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The studies were conducted to determine the inter-relationship of HI titres against Mukteswar strain of NDV in the serum of dam, egg yolk and serum of day-old chick. These studies, helped not only to find out an agreement between the results of HI test of dam, egg yolk and day-old chick, but also for the suitability of the egg yolk for monitoring the immune stauts of laying flock.
Four spaced injections of NDV vaccine were given to the experimental birds. The birds which did not receive 4th vaccination were referred as un-vaccinated control.
At 21st day post-vaccination1 the antibody titre in yolk was lower than serum but from third week onward, comparable results were obtained with both the samples. Haemagglutination inhibition titre of dam's serum was comparatively stable throughout the experiment where as HI titre of egg yolk slightly fluctuated. Yolk, pepared by chloroform extraction and low-speed centrifugation, performed well in HI test for NOV.
Maternal antibody level in day-old chick was related to the titre in dam and egg yolk. The GMT-HI titre of day-old chick fluctuated nearly in the same pattern as GMT-HI titre of egg yolk.
Overall it was observed that both egg yolk and day-old chick serum HI antibody titres were slightly lower or equal to dam's serum HI antibody titre and a definite inter- relationship is present among HI titres of dam's serum, egg yolk and day-old chick. The results of this study also proved the suitabilty of egg yolk for HI antibody determination to NOV.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0363,T] (1).
86.
Studies On Contribution Of Sheep & Goats In The Epidemiology Of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
by Masood Anjum | Dr. Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: A total of 500 animals (sheep 250, goat 250), of both sexes and different age groups were examined for harbouring Pasteurella multocida in their respiratory tracts. The samples from live animals were collected by sterile cotton swabs, gently passed in their nasal cavity. The slaughtered animal's laryngotracheal region were directly approached for collection of samples. Lungs showing pathological lesions were collected from fifty animals each of both species. Tryptic soya broth was used for primary isolation of organism.
Only one goat yielded Pasteurella multocida which proved highly virulent both for rabbits and mice. The isolate fermented glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol, sorbitol and saccharose producing acid only. A negative reaction was observed for arabinose, dulcitol, maltose, lactose, raffinose and salacin. The organism was positive for catalase, oxidase, indole production, nitrate reduction and hydrogen sulphide production tests. It gave a negative reaction for methyl red, voges proskauer, urease activity and gelatin liquefaction tests. The organism was found non-motile in hanging drop preparation.
The organism was highly sensitive to ampiclox, cefazolin and velosef, moderately sensitive to cephalexin, slightly sensitive to tobramycin, cloxacillin and resistant to lincocin, erythrocin, amoxydillin, doxycillin and sulpha-methaxazol trimethoprim.
Amongst the various disinfectants tested, the organism showed maximum susceptibility to sanitizer and poulphene, moderate sensitivity to saniguard and sanitec and resistance to phenyl, sanitol and phenol.
The organism in infected faecal matter maintained its viability for 9 days in shady place, sunlight and at room temperature. At a controlled temperature of 32°C. with 75-80% humidity, the organism remained alive for 10 days.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0373,T] (1).
87.
Studies On Haemorrhagic Septicaemia In Cattle With Particular Reference To Characterization Of Isolates From Clinically Normal & Infected Animals
by Uzma Majeed | Dr. Mohammad Amin Sheikh | Dr. Mohammad | Dr. Mohammad Akram Munir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present project was planned to characterize Pasteurella multocida isolates from apparently healthy carrier and infected cattle. A total of 500 animals (live 250 and slaughtered 250) of different age groups and both sexes were examined for the evidence of harbouring Pasteurella multocida in their respiratory tracts. The samples were collected from the live animals through a sterilized cotton swab passed in their nasal cavity. In slaughtered animals the cotton swabs were smeared directly to laryngeo-tracheal region approached from the cut part of the trachea. In infected animals citerated blood of live animals was processed for isolation of the organisms; whereas a long-bone was collected and processed for bacteriological examination in slaughtered/dead animals. The primary isolation of the organism was attempted in tryptic soya broth/tryptic soya agar: The identification of the isolated strains was carried out on the basis of their cultural characteristics on arious media, morphology and staining reaction, sugar fermentation and other biochemical tests.
Of the 500 healthy animals examined for their carrier status, none proved positive for the Pasteurella multocida organism in their respiratory tracts. Of the 10 outbreaks investigated, only 6 cases yielded Pasteurella multocida strains which proved highly virulent both for rabbits and mice. All the six strains were quite uniform in their various characteristics. All fermented glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol, sorbitol and sacharose, producing acid only and n gas. None of them fermented arabinose dulcitol maltose, lactose, raffinose and salicin.
All the six strains gave a positive reaction for catalase, oxidase indole production, nitrate reduction and H2S production tests, and negative reaction for methyle red, voges prausker, urease activity and gelatin liquefaction tests. None of the strains exhibited motility examined through hanging drop technique.
All the 10 outbreaks occurred during the rainy months of August and November. All the infected animals were in the age group of 1 to ½ years. The course of the disease was 1-2 days. The clinical signs observed included dullness, depression, inappetance, tympany and a high rise of temperature upto 106°F. The swelling of the throat, which of course developed at an advanced stage of the disease was also observed. In this study conducted on limited number of animals the role of carriers in epidemiology of haemorrhagic septicaemia was observed to be quite insignificant. The outbreaks of the disease occurred during summer/winter rainy seasons necessitating the prophylactic vaccination of our cattle and buffaloes before these period of the year
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0375,T] (1).
88.
Serosurveilance Of A Disease Complex In Commercial Broilers
by Hassan Rizvi, Syed | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Sheikh Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: In this study 400 samples of blood obtained from different farms situated around Jaranwala, an important broiler raising area of Punjab, were examined serologically. The Newcastle disease virus titer in most cases were low and non protective against exposure to field strain. The birds had antibodies against pathogens such as Infectious bronchitis virus and Infectious bursal disease virus to which they had not received vaccine indicating the presence of field strain of these viruses in the area. Some of the birds at these farms had antibodies against Hycoplasma galliseplicum, Mycoplasnia svnoviae and Salmonella gallinarum. Poor hygienic conditions coupled with poor ventilation may lead to the rapid dissemination of these pathogens within a community of birds and cause severe economic problems.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0382,T] (1).
89.
A Comparative Study On The Immunogenicity Of Sonicated Pasteurella Multocida And Formalized Broth Culture (Bacterin) Of Organism In Buffalo Calves
by Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Mohammad Amin Sheikh | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. S.A.R. Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0391,T] (1).
90.
Comparative Seroprevalence Of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea In Local And Exotic Cattle Breeds At Different Government
by Liaqat Ali Khan | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Syed Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The project was designed to find out the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea BVD virus antibodies in the sera of local and exotic cattle breeds, randomly selected from four different sources. For this purpose one thousand serum samples were collected and agar gel diffusion technique was used for the detection of antibodies against BVD.
The results of the study revealed that an overall 11.4% cattle population was having antibodies against BVD virus. The prevalence of the BVD in local breed was 14.4% while that of exotic breed was 8.4%. The prevalence rate of antibodies against BVDV was found higher in local cattle breeds as compared to exotic breeds. Various epidemiological factors were considered. Age of the animal was an important factor influencing the prevalence of disease. So regarding the age of the animal high prevalence rates were found in adult as compared to young animals. Maximum number of reactors were found in the adult age group.
The finding of the survey revealed a moderate exposure in cattle population. The occurrence of antibodies against BVD virus in apparently healthy unvaccinated animals was indicative for prevalence of the disease in the country. Therefore it is suggested that a complete survey should be carried out for this problem throughout the country and appropriate control measures for the disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0392,T] (1).
91.
Studies On The Bactgerial Causes Of Uterine Infection In Buffaloes And Cows With Special Refernce To Corynebacterium
by Asif Suleman Sahi | Dr. S.A.R. Rizvi | Dr. M. Amin Sh | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: A total of 200 samples of uterine discharge comprising 171 buffaloes and 29 cows showing signs of endometritis were included in this study. The material was subjected to bacteriological examination.
Monoinfection was seen in case of 164 animals (141 buffaloes and 23 cows) while in case of 17 animals, mixed infection was revealed.
The relative incidence of different organisms in cows and buffaloes was calculated. Of 29 cows suffering from endometritis, 25 proved to be bacteriologically positive while of 171 samples from buffaloes suffering from endometritis 141 cases were positive due to specific organisms.
The incidence of different species of bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus 19.48 percent, Streptococcus pyogenes 7.79 percent, Streptocoçç bovis 4.32 percent, Corynebacteri urn pyogenes 23.33 percent, Corynebacterium bovis 5.19 percent, Escherichia cc ll 12.98 percent, Proteus vulgaris 9.52 percent, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4.32 percent, Bacillus cereus 7.79 percent and Bacillus megaterium 5.19 percent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0393,T] (1).
92.
A Study On The Effect Of Organo Phosphate Insecticide (Neguvon) On Immune Response In Broiler Chickens
by Shoaib Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Neguvon, an Organophosphate insecticide at a dose of 50mg or 100mg per kg of feed for varrying period of time administered to the birds, interfered with the development of serum antibodies in vaccinated and challenged birds. Neguvon had adverse effects on weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of fabricius, spleen and thymus. It decreased the live body weights gain and dressed eviserated weights of birds. Neguvon had not beneficial effects on serum antibodies development. It resulted in higher postchallenged mortality of medicated vaccinated birds as compared to vaccinated control birds. So Neguvon is immunosuppressive insecticide when fed at subtoxic dosage levels.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0400,T] (1).
93.
Comparative Efficacy Of Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccines In Broiler Chickens
by Tahir Waheed Khan | Dr. Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: The present study was carried out to know the comparative efficacy of different IBD vaccines including Rhone Merleux, Solvay, TAD and CVS in broiler chickens. The evaluation was based on the immune response developed against the vaccine concerned and its assessment through agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test.
All the birds prior to their vaccination were examined for the presence of passive immunity, both through AGPT and IHA. AGPT could only detect 60-80% birds for maternal immunity, whereas IHA showed the presence of this immunity in all the experimental birds.
All the vaccinated groups were examined for their immune response on 7th, 14th and 21st day post-vaccination. Both AGPT and H-IA showed the decline in immunity on 7th day post-vaccination and then a gradual increase in titres occurred at 14th day of vaccination. The titres attained their peak on 21st day post-vaccination.
With AGPT on 21st day post-vaccination the birds for various vaccines gave precipitin lines respectively as 76, 89, 93 and 100 per cent, for Rhone Merieux, Solvay,TAD and CVS vaccines.
With IHA the highest titres obtained on 21st day post- vaccination was 1:128 for each vaccine, however, the number of birds giving this titre varied being only one bird for Rhone Merleux, Solvay , TAD and 3 birds from CVS. Nevertheless, the next best titre obtained was 1:64 and the number of birds giving this titre was 2, Nil, 2 and 8 birds from Rhone Merieux, Solvay, TAD and CVS. The predominant number of birds, vaccinated against each vaccine developed a titre of 1:16 observed at 14th day and 21st day post- vaccination.
The challenge infection results showed that birds with lilA titres of upto 1:4 developed severe lesions on their bursae, and other parts of the body, alongwith giving less BBR values. In this way the better IHA titre gave protection to the birds against a challenge infection.
All the four vaccines gave identical results for their efficacy against the IBDV infection, however, CVS vaccinated birds developed highest titres in greater number.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0419,T] (1).
94.
Phagocytic Potential Of Chicken Peritoneal Macrophages To Pasteurella Multocida
by Saima Dil | Dr. Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: In this study phagocytic potential/activity of chicken peritoneal macrophages to P. multocida was determined. Macrophages were collected by injecting Sephadex G 75 Sintraperitoneally. Peritoneal exudate cells were collected on 24, 48 and 72 hours post Sephadex G-75 injection. By differential counting macrophages were found to be 70- 80% while the remaining 20-30% cells comprised lymphocytes and heterophils. There was no difference in percentage of macrophages on 24 hours, by single and double dose of Sephadex G-75 but on 72 hours post Sephadexc G-75 injection, percentage of macrophages was a little high by double dose.
Both capsulated and non-capsulated forms of P. multocida were chosen for examining phagocytic activity of the chicken peritoneal macrophages and the opsonizing role of the inactivated, normal and hyper immune sera. The capsulated P. multocida was phagocytosed less efficiently in the presence of hyperimmune and : normal sera then the non capsulated organisms. However, as against the latter, the former did not at all respond to the phagocytosing attempts of the macrophages, in the presence of the inactivated serum.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0449,T] (1).
95.
Titration Of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus In Different Organs Of Gumboro Infected Birds And Embryonated Hen
by Saeed Anwar, M | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was quantitated in different organs of the infected birds and in different parts of the experimentally inoculated embryonated hen eggs through agar gel precipitation technique (AGPT). The AGPT was standardized in the laboratory using known hyperimmune sera against IBDV antigen. The concentration of the agar, antibody and antigen are important factors for the development of precipitation line. Moreover, only gel containing noble agar in distilled water is important for diffusion of the antigen/antibody, while either of the other reagents such as sodium chloride, phenol crystal and sodium azide are presumably added to inhibit the microbial growth.
The serum from birds on 14 days post first bost showed 294.1 ACPT titers, while egg yolk from these bird on 30-45 days post first boost were having 68.6 AGPT titers. Postmortem examination showed the lesions
In liver,Kidney, spleen, intestine and bursa fabricius. It was observed that only bursa of fabricius showed detectable level (1:4 to 1:16) of IBD virus titers. Similarly, chorioaflantoic membrane of the inoculated egg showed 1:4 AGPT titers. From this study it was concluded that AGPT is a crude but highly reliable test for qualitative and quantitative study of IBDV antigen or antibodies.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0458,T] (1).
96.
Effects Of Clopidol And Lasalocid (Avatec) (Coccidiostats) On The Immunity Of Broiler Chicks Vaccinated
by Umer Farooq, M | Dr. Syed Ata-ur-Rehman Rizvi | Dr. Khalid | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The birds that received Avatec at recommended dosage levels had higher body weight than the Clopidol medicated, Cyclophosphamide treated or untreated control birds.
Both Avatec and Clopidol treatments did not adversely affect the weights of bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus and liver of birds. Cyclophosphamide treatment of birds in early life resulted in.bursal atrophy and slight depression of splenic weight gain.
Avatec and Clopidol were immuno-stimulants and birds eating medicated rations had higher antibody titres as compared to control birds. The NDV vaccinated birds on Avatec and Clopidol medicated rations and those on non-medicated rations resisted challenge with a virulent ND virus, while the non-vaccinated birds of any treatment group and vaccine free control could not withstand this challenge.
Conclusions
This study indicated that Clopidol and Avatec, when used at recommended dosage levels (25 gm of Premix/50 kg of feed and 6.25 gm of pure drugl5O kg of feed respectively) did not interfere with the development of birds; did not have any adverse effects on weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus, liver; did not interfere with the development of humoral immunity in vaccinated birds. Their medication in feed rather produced beneficial effects on serum, weight gain and antibody production. The injection of Cyclophosphamide resulted in lower body weights, destruction of the bursa of Fabricius, poor antibody response of birds to vaccination against NDV, and very high post-challenge mortality.
The weight gain studies indicated that vaccinated and non- vaccinated birds on Clopidol and Avatec medicated feeds had non- significantly higher body weights that those on non-medicated ration at 56 days of age. Avatec at recommended dosage level, had more beneficial effects on the body weights than the Clopidol. These studies further indicated that vaccinated birds kept on Avatec medicated feed had significantly higher serum antibody titres on day 56 than the vaccinated non-medicated control birds.
From the results of this study it is concluded that Avatec and Clopidol are not immuno-suppressive drugs when used at recommended dosage levels. They rather have beneficial effects on growth performance and immune response of birds. However, there is a need for further investigations.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0459,T] (1).
97.
Immune Response Of Broilers Treated With Amprolium And Chloramphenicol
by Rakhshanda Perveen Cheema | Dr. Muhammad Akram Muneer | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The birds that received arnprolium at recommended dosage levels had higher mean body weight than the chioramphenicol medicated, cyclophosphamide treated or untreated control birds.
Arnprolium treatment did not adversely affect the weight of bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus and liver of birds. Chioramphenicol treatment slightly depressed the weight of bursa of Fabricius and thymus. Cyclophosphamide treatment of birds in early life resulted in bursal atrophy and slight depression of splenic weight.
As compared to Cyclophosphamide treated and non-rnedicated control birds, the sera of NDV vaccinated birds fed Amprolium had higher antibody titres on day 42. The sera of chioramphenicol treated NDV vaccinated birds had lower antibody titres as compared to non-medicated control birds on day 42. The post-challenge sera of NDV vaccinated birds fed Amprolium also had higher antibody titre as compared to NDV vaccinated cyclophosphamide and chioramphenicol treated birds. The NDV vaccinated chioramphenicol treated and NDV vaccinated cyclophosphamide treated had high post NDV challenge mortality and the NDV vaccinated birds on amproliurn medicated rations and those on non-medicated rations did not have any significant post NDV challenge mortality.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0460,T] (1).
98.
Effects Of Live Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Vaccine On Broiler Chicks
by Mumtaz Baig, M | Dr. Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. Shakeel | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: This study indicated that live Mycoplasma gallisepticurn vaccine when administered to the chickens vaccinated with Newcastle vaccination had immunosuppressive effects.
Live Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine partially interfered with the development of serum antibodies against NDV in vaccinated chickens. However, when live MG vaccine is done alone in the chickens it gives good serum antibody titres. rube injection to baby chicks on first 4 consecutive post hatching days with cyclophosphaniide resulted in lower body weights, poor FCR, destruction of the bursa of fabricius, poor antibody response of birds to vaccinations against MG and ND.
The weight gain and FCR studies. indicated that the birds which were vaccinated either against live MG or NDV had significantly higher body weights and FCR values than those vaccinated both against MG and NDV.
These studies further indicate that the birds vaccinated against live MG and ND had significantly lower serum antibody titres on day 48 than the birds which were vaccinated against either live MG or NDV.
From the results of this study it was concluded that F-strain MG vaccination effective the growth performance and feed conversion efficacy of broiler chicks. The live MG vaccination also interfered in the development of immune response (antibody titers) against Newcastle disease virus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0464,T] (1).
99.
Immunomodulatory Effects Of Amprolium 20% And Sulphaquinoxaline In Broilers Chickens
by Nighat Yasmeen | Dr. Muhammad Akram Muneer | Dr. Mohammad | Sh. Muhammad Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: This study indicated that Amprolium 20% (Amidiostat) when used at recommended dosage levels (0.5 Kg/ton of feed did not interfere with the body weight gains of birds; did not have adverse effects on weights of lymphoid organs such as bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus, liver; did not interfere with the development of serum antibody in vaccinated or non-vaccinated and challenged birds; Amprolium 20% medication in feed had beneficial effects on serum antibody development; did not result in higher post-challenge mortality of vaccinated birds as compared to the non-medicated vaccinated control birds. however Sulphaquinoxaline when used at recommended dosage level (125 gm/ton of feed) did partially interfere with the weight of lymphoid organs such as bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus, liver and also interfere with the development of serum antibody in vaccinated or non vaccinated and challenged birds. The injection to baby chicks on first 4 consecutive post- hatching days with cyclophosphamide resulted in lower body weights, destruction of the bursa of Fabricius, poor antibody response of birds to vaccination against ND, and very high post-challenge mortality, UOfl challenge with virulent NDV.
The weight gain studies indicated that vaccinated and non-vaccinated birds on Amprolium 20% and suiphaquinoxaline medicated feeds had non- significantly higher body weights than those on non-medicated ration at 42 days of age. Amproliurn 20%, at recommended dosage level, had more beneficial effects on the body weights than the suiphaquinoxaline. These studies further indicated that vaccinated birds kept on Amprolium 20% medicated feed had significantly higher serum antibody titres on (lay 42 than the vaccinated non-medicated control birds. The serum antibody titres of vaccinated birds on Amprolium 20% medicated feed were significantly higher thai-i those fed sulphaquinoxaline at recommended dosage levels. From the results of this study it is concluded that long term use of Suiphaquinoxaline at recommended dosage levels moderately suppress the immune system of the birds. It is also observed that Amprolium 20% (Amidiostat) is not immunosuppressive drug when used at recommended dosage levels. It has rather beneficial effects on growth performance and immune response of birds. However there is a need for further investigations.
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100.
Epidemiological Studies N Mastitis In Buffaloes & Cattle In And Around Lahore
by Khurram Nawaz Qazi | Dr. Syed A.R. Rizvi | Dr. M. Amin Sheikh | Dr. Shakeel A | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: Research studies were conducted to investigate some epidemiological aspects of bovine mastitis in and around Lahore.
A total of 45 small livestock units/herds were surveyed and epidemiological data was collected from 4000 bovine population on prescribed proforina. Bacteriological examination was aiso performed on 1000 milk samples after presumptive screening with modified california mastitis test (C.M.T.).
Analysis of the data showed, the herd incidence rate of 88.88 per cent and the disease incidence rate of 8.33 per cent (lactating animals) during this project. CMT on 1000 quarter milk samples showed 14.3% incidence of subclinical mastitis and 10.6% animals were positive bacteriologically. Relative incidence of acute, subacute and chronic forms of disease was 38.33, 43.90 and 13.37 per cent, respectively. Quarter infection rate was 33.40 per cent in affected buffaloes and 10.36 per cent in infected cattle. It was significantly higher in hind than in fore quarters in buffaloes.
All the breeds of buffaloes and cattle maintained in the area were reported to be affected occasionally during the lactation. Age and lactation wise distribution of rnastitis cases varied in different age and lactation groups; being highest in 6-8 years of age group 42.93% and 4-6 lactation (39.45%). Number of cases were higher (53.63%) during early stage of lactation than in middle (21.97%) and (24.4%) late stages. High milk yielding group 12-14 litres daily was more prone to the disease. Disease was reported to cause 30.26 per cent decrease in milk production of affected animals. Udders/teats of 4.0 per cent animals had history of surgical manipulation. Housing on pakka floor (48.9%) incidence was observed to have some association with the disease.
Of the 1000 milk samples 143 were found positive by C.M.T.and 106 samples yielded 171 isolates of different species; 86 Staphylococcus aureus, 9 Staphylococcus epiderinides, 30 Streptococcus agalactiae, 17 Streptococcus dysagalactiae, 11 Bacillus cereus, 10 Escherichia co/i, 5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antobiotic sensitivity of the isolates showed that they were sensitive in descending order to Gentamycin, Chlortetracyline, Sul;fonamide (Tribrissin), Chloramphanicol, Ampicilline, Tylosine. Penicilline & Tetracycline.
Out of 86 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus 60 were penicillin resistant of which 23 produced penicillinase. In order to reduce the huge economic losses in terms of milk reduction (30.26% ), the findings of this project are hoped to guide for the control of disease at subclinical stage on a large scale. However, additional studies are suggested for the epidemiology of this disease.
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