1.
Health Education for Adolescents / by W.H.O
by Omran, Abdul Rahim | Al-Hafez, Ghada.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Cairo : World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, 2006Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 610.71041 Omran 23035 1st 2006 Epidemiology] (1).
2.
Essentials of Infectious Disease Epidemiology
by Magnus, Manya.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Sudbury, Mass. : Jones and Bartlett Pub, 2008Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 362.196 Manya 23655 1st 2005 Epidemiology] (1).
3.
Essentials of Biostatistics in Public Health / 2nd ed
by Sullivan, Lisa M | Sullivan, Lisa M.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Sudbury, MA : Jones & Bartlett Learning, c2012Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 610.72 Sullivan 31109 2nd 2012 Epidemiology] (2). Checked out (1).
4.
Intermediate Epidemiology : Methods That Matter
by Magnus, Manya.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2016Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 362.1072 Magnus 31110 1st 2016 Epidemiology] (1).
5.
Introduction to Research in the Health Sciences
by Polgar, Stephen.
Edition: 6th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA : Churchill Livingstone, 2013Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 613.003 Polgar 31111 6th 2013 Epidemiology] (1).
6.
Basics in Epidemiology and Biostatistics
by Waqar, H. Kazmi.
Edition: 1st Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: India; Jaypee Brothers; 2015Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 614.4 Waqar 31222 1st 2015 Epidemiology] (1).
7.
Genetic Epidemiology Methods & Applications
by Austin Melissa A.
Edition: 1st edMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: UK: British Library London Publications; 2013Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.042 Austin 31672 11st 2013 Epidemiology] (1).
8.
Epidemiology Evidence
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 614.5] (1).
9.
Salmonella Contamination In Vegetables Due To Irrigation With Wastewater In Lahore
by Muhammad Shahjahan Zafar (2009-VA-398) | Prof. Dr. Mansur-ud-din Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq | Ms. Noor-ul-Hudda.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Salmonella has been one of the major food-borne pathogens for animals and humans for last many years. Many food borne outbreaks and other sporadic cases occur due to Salmonella in many countries. Foods of animal origin are considered major sources of Salmonella. However, Salmonella infections due to consumption of raw vegetables have occurred numerously in recent past. 30% of sewage water is directly used for irrigation purposes in Pakistan for various crops including vegetables. It may be the cause of Salmonella contamination. Apart from conventional microbiological techniques, nucleic acid amplification technologies have provided the opportunity for rapid detection of Salmonella from various sources, providing better sensitivity and superior specificity, thereby refining the administration of outbreaks by more rapid confirmation.
Untreated wastewater is the major source of Salmonella contamination of vegetables. Vegetable sampling was done from field, wholesale and retail markets of Lahore city and wastewater sampling was done from River Ravi, Lahore Canal and other sources by using aseptic techniques and was transported at 4°C. Salmonella species was isolated by conventional methods and suspected colonies were confirmed by biochemical tests TSI and Urease Test. DNA was extracted through boiling and 10% chelex method. Molecular characterization of isolated strains was done through PCR. Antibiotic resistance of confirmed isolates were also checked.
A total of 320 (Vegetable n=160, Wastewater n=160) samples were taken for present study for screening of salmonella microbial contamination in it. Different types of vegetables including Coriander (n=40), Mint (n=40), Carrot (n=40), Radish (n=40) were used for analysis.
CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY
Summary
46
Wastewater samples were also collected from various sources like River Ravi (n=60), Lahore Branch Canal (n=60) and Kharak Nala (n=40).
Salmonella was found in 4/40 (10%) samples of Coriander, 3/40 (7.5%) of Mint, 5/40 (12.5%) of Carrot, 3/40 (7.5%) of Radish and 33/160 (20.63%) of wastewater samples through PCR detection. Many of the isolates were found multi-drug resistant.
This study revealed the presence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella species in vegetables and wastewater. All the vegetables studied were contaminated with Salmonella. This data was designed to find out the magnitude and real picture of the pathogen. It helped in drawing a relationship between Salmonella contamination of vegetables and irrigation of wastewater. As wastewater is the main reason for bacterial contamination of vegetables, measures should be adopted at governmental level for reduction of this contamination. Water disinfection practices and continuous water supply for irrigation can reduce the bacterial load. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2624-T] (1).
10.
Essentials Readings in Infectious Diseases: Epidemiology
by Manya, Magnus.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2009Availability: No items available Checked out (1).
11.
Biostatistics and Epidemiology
by Sylvia.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Availability: No items available Checked out (1).
12.
Molecular Epidemiology: Principles and Practice
by Rothman,Nathman | WHO.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 614.5 Nathman 28963 2011 Epidemiology] (1).
13.
Communicable Disease Control& Health Protection Handbook
by Hawker, jeremy | Begg, Norman | Blair, Lain.
Edition: 3rd ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: India: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.9 Hawker 32557 3rd 2012 Epidemiology] (1).
14.
Principles and Practice of Public Health Surveillance
by Lee, Lisa M.
Edition: 3rd.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: New York: Oxford; 2010Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 614.4 Lee 33361 3rd 2010 Public.health] (1).
