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51.
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Risk Factors Of Severe Pneumonia Among Children; A Hospital Based Case Control Study In Lahore

by Chanda Jabeen (2015-VA-416) | Dr. Muhammad Mushtaq | Prof. Dr. Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad | Ms. Noor-ul-Hudda.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Pneumonia is an infectious disease which causes inflammation of alveoli and airway structure of lungs. Pneumonia causes infant and children morbidity and mortality significantly.. It spreads through droplet infection. Epidemics of pneumonia occur in winter and spring. The sign and symptoms of the pneumonia are fever, cough, stridor, wheezing, tachypnea and respiratory distress. Pneumonia is transmitted through coughing and sneezing via air-borne droplets. Risk factors of pneumonia are less socio economic status, indoor crowding, indoor pollution, and contact with the persons having acute respiratory illness, poor access to health facilities and lower maternal education status. A case-control study for duration of 4 months (December 2016 to March 2017) was performed in tertiary care hospital Lahore. Target population was the children 2- 59 months of age admitted in Pediatrics and Accident and Emergency Department in tertiary care hospital Lahore. Children 2-59 months of age meeting the case definitions admitted in the Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore. Children meeting the control criteria were selected as control visiting the Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore and children’s guardians who were willing to participate in the study were enrolled. Sampling was done by using convenience sampling techniques and sample size was 162 cases and 162 controls. Data was obtained by face to face interview with child’s guardian. A detail questionnaire regarding various risk factors was filled after taking written consent from the child’s guardian. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software with 95% confidence interval. Chi square test was used to compare the impact of various predictors on prevalence of pneumonia and odds ratios was calculated using logistic regression test at a significance level of 95%. Summary 76 Many risk factors were significantly associated with severe pneumonia among children 2-59 months of age like low socio economic conditions, low maternal and parental education, contact with the member having upper respiratory tract infection, having contact with member suffering from URTI, hospitalization due to diarrheal illness and being underweight were found strongly associated with severe pneumonia (having odds ratios more than 1) among children 2-59 months of ages in this study. Health education should be given to promote exclusive breast feeding. Awareness campaign should be started to give awareness on the importance of vaccination programmes. Government should provide more health care facilities. People should be encouraged to involve themselves in income generating activities in order to reduce the poverty levels. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2904-T] (1).

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52.
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Study On Contamination Of Toxigenic Staphylococcus Aureus In Frozen Desserts And Its Public Health Significance

by Moin Afzal (2009-VA-244) | Dr. Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq | Prof. Dr. Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Aftab Ahmed Anjum.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Frozen desserts are ice cream and other ices which are kept frozen or at low temperature that are said to be frozen dairy desserts. Frozen desserts include ice cream, ice milk and other edible ices. Ice cream is mainly prepared with milk fat which is about 10-16% according to manufacturer standard, without fat milk solids is almost 9-12%, sugar mainly sucrose is about 9-12%, it has water about 55 - 64% and 0.200.50% are stabilizeror emulsifier In this study 100 samples of commercially prepared frozen desserts were collected and analyzed microbiologically. Nine towns of Lahore were studied, 10 samples were collected from each town from the street venders/local manufacturer, total 90 samples from venders/local manufacturers and 10 samples were collected from the brands outlets. Frozen desserts include dairy frozen dessert, synthetic frozen dessert and some frozen dairy desserts. These samples were culture on Baird Parker agar and the isolated bacteria were further confirmed by PCR tests for detection and identification of the genes encoding Staphylococcal Enterotoxin type A Staphylococcal Enterotoxin type B. Total 100 samples were processed microbiologically to identify the S. aureuscontamination in frozen desserts. Samples were taken from street vendors and local manufacturers. The results showed that 64% of the dairy frozen desserts were found positive by Staphylococcus spp. 56.25% of the isolates were coagulase positive. The PCR results showed that 17.8% of the S. aureusisolates possess type A gene, while 12.5% had the type B gene, and 9.3% carry both genes. Laboratory results showed that street vendors which do not have any hygienic conditions as well as temperature maintenance system for their product, they were found contaminated with S. aureus. Major factor of S. aureuscontamination is the personnel handling involvement in the manufacturing frozen desserts. Personnel who were not following hygienic rules to manufacture frozen desserts were found contaminated withS. aureus.S. aureuscan survive at low temperature but cannot grow and produce enterotoxins at low temperature whenever there is a temperature fluctuation S. aureus grows and produce enterotoxins, which could be public health hazard Street vendors don’t have any temperature control system when there is no electricity.Frozen dessert consumers are at risk to get food borne illness or food poisoning. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2942-T] (1).

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53.
Communicable Disease Control& Health Protection Handbook

by Hawker, jeremy | Begg, Norman | Blair, Lain.

Edition: 3rd ed.Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: India: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.9 Hawker 32557 3rd 2012 Epidemiology] (1).

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54.
Principles and Practice of Public Health Surveillance

by Lee, Lisa M.

Edition: 3rd.Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: New York: Oxford; 2010Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 614.4 Lee 33361 3rd 2010 Public.health] (1).

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