51.
Comparative Study Of Nutritional Status Of Geriatric Population Living In Old Age Homes And With Families
by Firdos Kausar (2014-VA-910) | Haroon Jamshid Qazi | Dr.Sanauallahiqbal | Muhammad Bilal.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Elderly population is one of the most vulnerable groups that are on the risk of malnutrition due to various physiological and environmental reasons. Elderly population have high prevalence of malnutrition Geriatric populations living in old age homes have high risk of malnutrition a respect to those living with families. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status of geriatric population living with families and living in old age homes in the city of Lahore Pakistan.
The study was cross sectional design. Participants above 60 years were included in study. Two hundred elderly persons, hundred living in old age homes and hundred (100) with families in this 65% male and 35% females were assessed through, 24 hour dietary recall and Macro nutrients intake calculated, clinical assessment and anthropometric assessments BMI, mid arm circumferences and calf circumferences Furthermore mini nutritional assessment MNA® tool was also is used to assess the nutritional status of participants. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 19. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the background characteristic profile of the respondents. Chi square was used to find the association between home living and old age homes living.
The MNA results revels the prevalence of malnutrition in living with families were 6.5% and 19.5 % were at risk of malnutrition while in old age homes 14.5% were malnourished and 22.5% were at risk of malnutrition. Intake of carbohydrates, protein, energy, was significantly higher in geriatric population living with families when compared to geriatric population living in old age homes (p<0.05). The energy derived from proteins was 8% from living in old age homes while 12% elderly living with families. The results of current study showed high risk of malnutrition (p<0.05) in geriatric population living in old age homes, and verify the need for health support and nutritional interventions for geriatric population in old age homes. The energy intake and some nutrients especially protein in geriatric population living in old age homes was lower than dietary reference intake.
Further studies should be conducted in neighboring areas of Lahore and other cities of Pakistan as well as to access nutritional status in elderly population especially living in old age homes.
Provision of healthy well balanced diet, and considering needs of nutrients and specific micronutrients including iron vitamin A long term provision, and their like and dislike in planning of menus in this manner it will encourage food consumption
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2743-T] (1).
52.
Comparison Of Response Of Oral Versus Injectible Vitamin D In Children Having Rickets
by Rabia Mazari (2014-VA-909) | Dr. Waqas Ahmad | Dr. Huma Imran | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Muhammad Bilal.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Nutritional rickets is a common problem in Pakistan as highlighted in different studies. Nutritional rickets is a childhood bone disorder in which bones become soften and deformity occurs. The main cause of this rickets is lack of vitamin D. In Pakistan, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children has been reported as 40%.
Methodology consist of division of 2 groups (oral, injectable).A specific amount of doses (200,000 i.u) was given to both groups for about 3 months. All children were followed up for two more visits on thirty and ninety day. In the follow-up visits the children were subjected to clinical, biochemical and radiological examination and their findings were recorded.
Anthropometric measurements included wide wrist frontal bossing, and head circumference etc. Biochemical findings included different test for serum calcium level, serum phosphorous level, serum alkaline phosphatase and 25 dehydroxyvitamin D. Radiological examination was consisting of X-Ray reports of wrist and knee.
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. Means were compared for significance
through LSD. Level of significance was defined as ≤ 0.05.Cohort software version Costat 6.303 was used for all statistical analysis.
There were no undesirable side effects observed in either group of children and both oral and injectable forms of treatment were well-tolerated. The injectable route was little bit highly efficient than oral one as expected. But this difference in efficiency is not that much significant.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2742-T] (1).
53.
Evaluating The Efects Of Prebiotics In Rehabilitation Of Gut Microbiota After Antibiotic (Cephalexin) In Rats
by Rabia Omer (2011-VA-512) | Dr. SanaullahIqbal | Mr. Muhammad Amir Iqbal | Dr. Sajid khan Tahir.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Antibiotics are widely used to kill pathogenic bacteria that have adverse effects on human health. It has been seen that these kind of drugs causes imbalance of microbes because these are not only target the pathogens but also suppressing the growth of beneficial bacteria. Beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli species conquer many benefits for human health. That’s why there is a need to rehabilitate these valuable microorganisms. The worthwhile approach in this regard is the use of galacto-oligosaccharides(GOS).
Adult male Wistar rats (n= 24) were used in present study. Rats were divided into 4 groups having 6 rats in each group. Group G1 was a control normal that was fed on a basal diet. Group G2 was treated with an antibiotic cephalexin for five days. Moreover, Group G3 wasgiven GOS as well as antibiotic. In Group G4, firstly antibiotic was given for specific duration and after that GOS was given for the rest period of time. The fecal sample were collected from rats with time interval of 0, 5 , 10 and 15day of antibiotic therapy or treatment and were analyzed for bacterial population especially Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, E. coli and total plate count using selective media.
The results of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli of group 3 were significantly same with group 1 at 15th day and were notably higher from group 1 at 20th day. In addition the beneficial species in group 2 were decreased at 5th day that significantly different with group 1 and didn’t recover till at 20th day. The colonies of E. coli in various groupswere different at various time intervals. Moreover the results of TPC were based on the treatments. It was significantly higher in group 3 that was given antibiotic with prebiotics while it was significantly lower in group 2 as compared to normal.The data were analyzed using One way Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
This study helped to turn down the side effects of antibiotic as well as maintain the normal micro-flora by rehabilitate the beneficial species such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and also suppressing the growth of harmful pathogens e.g. E. coli
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2859-T] (1).
54.
Assessment Of Nutritional Supplements Intake Among Females Excercising In Various Gyms Of Lahore
by Sana Azher (2015-VA-808) | Haroon Jamshid Qazi | Dr.SanauallahIqbal | Dr. Sajid khan Tahir.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Diet, exercise, body composition, and weight management play important role in an active person's life and performance. People without having knowledge about the importance of balance diet and their needs use nutritional supplements to improve their health status. Lack of knowledge regarding the importance of balanced diet, have negative impact on food choices, which is also the main reason of increasing trend of consuming nutritional supplements all over the world in all age groups.
Results of the current study showed that most individuals who used supplements were young, unhealthy, rated their eating habits as bad or average, exercised regularly three to five times a week for 1 to 2 hours daily, and had the main goal of weight management, improved performance and avoiding a sedentary lifestyle. The use of supplement may be highly associated with people who have poor or average food intake or in those individuals who mostly skip their meal on regular basis. In gyms and fitness clubs female’s participants, with higher percentage 46% were consuming supplements. Subjects included in this study, use supplements with many reasons such as for weight gain or loss, strengthen muscle mass, improving physical appearance, recover nutritional deficiencies, or to reduce stress etc. Half of the user consumes supplements from 1-3months, only 14% consume over 1 year. Most of them were consuming supplements in tablets and gel capsule form, and obtained desired response with their use. Most of the subjects were consuming different type of supplements without having knowledge, regarding its use, dosage and safety. Also, (24%) individual said that the use of supplements caused no side effects. However, 43% reported some problems such as dizziness, nausea, or some impact on the skin problems.
Purchasing or availability of these products are done through various sources i.e. Internet, pharmacy, coaches, gym instructors, magazines, peer influence. It is also evaluated that in many gyms and fitness centers of Lahore city, there is no availability of any professional guider or instructor. Significant number of participants 32.8% did not know about the qualification of their gym instructor. Most of gyms have coaches, instructor, trainers, professional guiders have their education at matric or graduates level, only 4 % have nutritionist. However, gyms included in this study, may need to have qualified health professionals such as nutritionists, dietitian, qualified instructor, or physician which have all knowledge related to supplement quality, quantity, safety and its use, also provide accurate information about supplements and assist members to be aware of both positive as well as adverse health effects of dietary supplements.
In order to provide more comprehensive nutrition services to exercisers here are some recommendations:
1. Provision of healthy well balanced diet and considering needs of nutrients will be encouraged.
2. Further studies should be conducted in neighboring areas of Lahore and other cities of Pakistan as well as to assess intake of supplements among male exercisers and general population as well.
3. Supplements intake among gym participants according to one’s need should be administered with the help of dietitian and other allied health professionals.
4. There is a need of nutrition education and public health knowledge among general population.
5. Policy should develop in cooperation with multidiscipline, doctors, dietitians, and experts.
6. Non-Governmental organization (NGOs) and Governmental must contribute in establishing a research and consensus regarding safe intake of nutritional supplements.
7. At gym there should be availability of professional guider, instructor or coaches should be provided for exercisers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2885-T] (1).
55.
Physico-Chemical Analysis Of Milk From Different Milch Species (Cow, Buffalo, Camel)
by Tahira Jamil (2015-VA-595) | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Haroon Jamshid Qazi | Dr. Muhammad Tayyab | Muhammad Asif Ali.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: SUMMARY
Milk is described as almost a complete food as it contains all the essential nutrients in balanced quantity. Milk is a complete basis of proteins, fats and dietary energy and there are several factors that can effect the composition of milk. Factors such as (seasonal changes, feed, environmental changes, lactation, milking durations) and variations in analytical methods such as (evaluating proteins, fats, total solids, ash and moisture) can also lead to differences in results. According to FAO STAT 2010, despite the fact that Pakistan ranked among top five milk producing countries in the world, no study has been made so far that is composed of complete data based on physico-chemical analysis of milk composition of various species with respect to seasonal changes.
Milk samples were collected from three different species from UVAS Pattoki Campus i.e. cow, buffalo and camel in morning and evening time. The samples were then sent to UVAS Lahore Campus. These samples were analyzed to obtain different compositional parameters of milk which includes LR, fat, protein, SNF, TS, Ash, Moisture, pH, COB and APT. In the present study, the results showed that the LR, fat, SNF, TS, Proteins, ash, moisture and pH showed no signifgicant differences when studied between the groups by independent sample t test. All results were statistically non-significant i-e p>0.05. Whereas when results of each sample were studied individually throughout the year by descriptive statistic, it was found that samples of cow, buffalo and showed high content of fats, SNF, TS and protein during the summer season and lower in winter season. Other parmeters like ash, moisture, pH also had significant change throughout the year. The monthly results were found to be statistical significant at p<0.05. COB and APT were analyzed as soon the samples arrived the laboratory. So no clotting or precipitations were observed in the sample and gave the negative results throughout the year.
Thestudy was helpful in generating yearly data that was used in comparing the physico-chemical variations in morning and evening samples of milk among different milk producing species (cow, buffalo, camel) on the basis of seasonal changes.
Conclusion:
The directive of the current research was to analyze the physico-chemical parameters from the morning and evening samples of milk of three milk producing species (cow, buffalo, acmel). It was concluded from the results that no significant differences were found within groups of each sample. Whereas when the analysis were conducted on monthly basis throughout the year, it was determined that fat content of the samples of cow, buffalo and camel was high during the summer season. There are several reasons for this such as lactation, feed composition, milking timings, seasonal variations. SNF, TS and protein contents were directly related to fat. It was possible to state that when the fat of milk was higher the solid not fat, total solids and protein contents were also higher. However the other contents of milk such as ash, moisture, pH, COB and APT were not significantly affected by these factors.
Limitations:
Diet is also an important factor that could affect the composition of milk. This factor can also be researched along with seasonal changes.
Different geographical regions affect the milk composition of animals. This is also another factor of interest.
Physiochemical changes of sheep, goat and humans can also be analyzed on the basis of seasonal changes.
Milk is described as almost a complete food as it contains all the essential nutrients in balanced quantity. Milk is a complete basis of proteins, fats and dietary energy and there are several factors that can effect the composition of milk. Factors such as (seasonal changes, feed, environmental changes, lactation, milking durations) and variations in analytical methods such as (evaluating proteins, fats, total solids, ash and moisture) can also lead to differences in results. According to FAO STAT 2010, despite the fact that Pakistan ranked among top five milk producing countries in the world, no study has been made so far that is composed of complete data based on physico-chemical analysis of milk composition of various species with respect to seasonal changes.
Milk samples were collected from three different species from UVAS Pattoki Campus i.e. cow, buffalo and camel in morning and evening time. The samples were then sent to UVAS Lahore Campus. These samples were analyzed to obtain different compositional parameters of milk which includes LR, fat, protein, SNF, TS, Ash, Moisture, pH, COB and APT. In the present study, the results showed that the LR, fat, SNF, TS, Proteins, ash, moisture and pH showed no signifgicant differences when studied between the groups by independent sample t test. All results were statistically non-significant i-e p>0.05. Whereas when results of each sample were studied individually throughout the year by descriptive statistic, it was found that samples of cow, buffalo and showed high content of fats, SNF, TS and protein during the summer season and lower in winter season. Other parmeters like ash, moisture, pH also had significant change throughout the year. The monthly results were found to be statistical significant at p<0.05. COB and APT were analyzed as soon the samples arrived the laboratory. So no clotting or precipitations were observed in the sample and gave the negative results throughout the year.
Thestudy was helpful in generating yearly data that was used in comparing the physico-chemical variations in morning and evening samples of milk among different milk producing species (cow, buffalo, camel) on the basis of seasonal changes.
Conclusion:
The directive of the current research was to analyze the physico-chemical parameters from the morning and evening samples of milk of three milk producing species (cow, buffalo, acmel). It was concluded from the results that no significant differences were found within groups of each sample. Whereas when the analysis were conducted on monthly basis throughout the year, it was determined that fat content of the samples of cow, buffalo and camel was high during the summer season. There are several reasons for this such as lactation, feed composition, milking timings, seasonal variations. SNF, TS and protein contents were directly related to fat. It was possible to state that when the fat of milk was higher the solid not fat, total solids and protein contents were also higher. However the other contents of milk such as ash, moisture, pH, COB and APT were not significantly affected by these factors.
Limitations:
Diet is also an important factor that could affect the composition of milk. This factor can also be researched along with seasonal changes.
Different geographical regions affect the milk composition of animals. This is also another factor of interest.
Physiochemical changes of sheep, goat and humans can also be analyzed on the basis of seasonal changes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2884-T] (1).
56.
Assessment Of Nutritional Status And Dietary Patterns Of Orphan Children Rrsiding In Different Orphanages Of Lahore
by Huseen Bukhat (2014-VA-500) | Mr. Haroon Jamshaid Qazi | Dr.Sanauallah Iqbal | Dr.Sualeha Riffat.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Children of age 5-14 involved childhood and early adolescents that have special needs regarding nutrition. The growth and development during 5 to 14 years of age is fast and they require balanced diet. A diet that contains adequate amount of macro and micronutrients is needed for growing children. In Pakistan, there is insufficient evidence that indicates the nutritional status of orphans as well as adequacy of menus in orphanages.
In the current study 67% of orphans are male and 33% of orphans are female aged 5-14 years. Mean BMI of 318 participants aged 5 to 14 years was 16.4±2. From whole population 279 participants (88%) had Z -score between -2 to 2 SD that suggest normal weight-for-height Z-score. Only17 participants (5%) had Z-score less than -2 SD that suggest moderate mal-nutritional status of participants and 20 participants (6%) had Z-score less than -3 SD that suggest severe mal-nutritional status of orphans and only 2 participants (1%) had Z-score more than 3 SD that suggest severely obese nutritional status of orphans.
The study was cross sectional design. Participants of both gender aged 5 to 14 years were included in study. 67% male orphan and 33% female orphan were assessed through, 24 hour dietary recall at three alternative days, clinical assessment and anthropometric assessments including height, weight and weight-for-height (BMI) was recorded to assess nutritional status of orphans. Furthermore physical assessment was done to examine clinical sign and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia among orphan children by using questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the background characteristic profile of the respondents. Mean caloric and macronutrients intake of male and female orphans and comparison of mean caloric and nutrient intake among different male and female orphanages was calculated by using Excel.
There is great need of studies to be conducted in adjoining areas of Lahore as well as other cities especially small underdeveloped cities of Pakistan for accessing the nutritional status of orphan population and comparison must be done between orphan and non orphans groups. Nutrition interventional strategies must be followed to ensure better nutritional status of orphans.
6.1 Conclusion:
The nutritional requirement varies according to different age groups. Present study concluded that overall the nutritional status of male and female orphans and the dietary assessment of menus indicated that there is need of intervention in selected orphanages. Present study reported that inadequate composition of food according to age and sex is being provided in different orphanages. It is also reported that on average children derived 18% of calories from protein which is adequate intake for 5-8 years of both male and female orphans but mean caloric intake was inadequate foe all age groups and especially for male orphans as they need more proteins than female of same age. Menus of orphanages were also assessed which has been reported to imbalanced in regard to varieties of four food groups. Present study has also concluded that consumption of fruits and dairy product among all orphanages was very low and to meet protein requirement orphanages mostly used legumes especially gram pulse as it is cheap source of protein. It is also reported that majority 88% of population had Z score between -2 to 2 SD that is considered as normal but mean caloric and macronutrients intake of male orphan aged 14 years is very low only 65% of their calories meet their RDAs. It is also recorded that fat percentage had fluctuated that may affect the body composition of respondents. Mean caloric and macro nutrient intake of female orphans aged 5 to 9 years is adequate thus showing well nourished status. Physical assessment data showed that 55% of all respondents and pallor skin, 55% of population had sore slimy tongue and 47% of respondents had suffered from pica these three clinical sign and symptoms are considered very important in regard to iron deficiency. It is suggested from present study that more than half population is at risk of developing iron deficiency anemia.
6.2 Recommendations:
• There is need for orphanages’ management to ensure diet diversification and include more animal source foods and Fruits in menus to improve the nutritional status of the children
• Further studies must be conducted to compare nutritional status of orphans with non- orphan group
• Biochemical parameters specially testing of Hemoglobin level must be done to check and ensure iron deficiency anemia
• Efforts should also be directed towards increasing energy intake in the diets of children in orphanages. This could be through increasing frequency of meal intake per day specifically introduction of school breakfast and lunch programs to impact positively on the nutritional status of school children in the study area. There’s need for the government to set up support and enforce minimum hygiene.
• There is need for the government to provide proper system that ensures proper hygiene standards of the orphanage. Management of the orphanages must take important steps to maintain good personal hygiene practices among the children.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2898-T] (1).
57.
Nutritional Status, Dietary Practices And Physical Activities Among Female Adolescents: A Cross Sectional Study In District Okara,Pakistan
by Nazish Afzal (2011-VA-513) | Dr.Azmatullah Khan | Mr. Aamir Iqbal | Dr.Sajid Khan Tahir.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: A cross sectional study was conducted in female adolescents of secondary school in district Okara.
The study was planned to analyze physical activity and dietary habits among adolescent girls of private and government schools in Pakistan. Overweight and obesity are increasing rapidly among children and adolescents all over the world. A questionnaire was used to assess their nutritional status, physical activity pattern and dietary habits of each student. Data was collected from both urban and rural locations and then from government and private schools.
Data of 850 students was collected out of them there were 401 students of private schools and 449 were from government school. Weight of each participant was measured in kg and height was measured in squares of meters. Body mass index was calculated to see that how many of them were underweight, normal, overweight and obese. TEE (Total energy expenditure) was also measured.
A cross sectional study was conducted among sedentary-school adolescents. Questionnaire was used to assess their physical activity and eating patterns of female adolescents. Data was collected from both urban and rural locations and then from private and government schools. Data of 850 students was collected. Body weight of each participant was measured to the nearest 100 g using a calibrated portable scale.
In the present study X2 (chi square) test was used to analyze proportion of different variables of females of both government and private school. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data was examined using the statistical software SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) version 22.0.
This study helped to assess the dietary habits, physical activity patterns among school going female adolescents. These results are beneficial for making suitable interventions for increasing healthy eating habits, physical activity awareness and implementation among female adolescents.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2916-T] (1).
