151.
Prevalence Of Puff Disease In Horses With Biochemical And Chemotherapeutic Studies
by Shamoon ur Rashid | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Javed | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: This project was designed to find out the prevalence of puff disease in horses in Lahore area. This study also included chemotherapeutic effect of two different treatments and biochemical studies.
This study was conducted during the month of July-September, 1996 at Outdoor Hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore and around the city of Lahore. For the prevalence of puff disease 290 horses were examined and their clinical signs were observed. Investigation showed that the occurrence of puff disease in horses was 12.14% i.e. 36 horses out of 290 were found positive.
Thirty positive cases were treated with two different groups of treatments. With 1st group of treatment 5 horses were cured completely and with 2nd group of treatment 11 horses were cured completely. The results of treatment were based on the reversal of clinical signs. Serum samples of positive horses were also observed before and after treatment for the detection of glucose, cholesterol and chloride levels.
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152.
A Clinico Epidemiiological Study Of Bacterial And Parasitic Causes Of Respiratory Syndrome In Sheep And Goats
by Waseem Shahzad | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Dr. Khushi | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: In Pakistan sheep and goats production is playing a very important role in bridging the protein gap among our population. Sheep and goats not only provide us high quality meat for our consumption but also wool fibre and high quality leather. In Pakistan every year there is lot of mortality due to respiratory tract infections in sheep and goats especially due to pneumonia which results from a variety of causes' namely, bacterial, viral, parasitic, mycoplasmal and fungal etc. It causes high economic losses due to increased rate of mortality. This study was carried out on two hundred sheep and goats of either sex including all age groups brought to out door hospital of College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore during February 1997 to June 1997. In the present study isolation and identification of bacterial and parasitic etiological agents of the respiratory tract problems in sheep and goats was carried out. According to this study many bacterial agents causes respiratory problems in sheep and goats, out of 132 positive nasal samples Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 32 (24%), . haemolytica 43 (33%), Corynebacterium 26 (20%), 23 (17%), Streptococcus 18 (14%) and Escherichia ççjj 20 (15%) from affected sheep and goats. Similarly many lungworms cause respiratory problems, out of 82 positive faecal samples Dictvocaulus filaria was isolated from 76 (92.6%) and Protostrongvlus rufesence 6 (7.3%) from affected sheep and goats. The haematological study of the infected and non infected animal showed that there were decreased values of total erythrocytic count, packed cell volume and differential leucocytic count and increased values of total leucocytic count and erythrocytic sedimentation rate of affected animals.
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153.
Comparative Study Of External Fixation Devices Used For The Repair Of Mid Shaft Tibial Fracture In The Dog
by Syed Mohsin Abbas Kazmi | Dr. M. Arif Khan | Dr. Kamran | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: Mid shaft tibial fractures can be repaired by external and internal methods of fixation. The internal methods include bone plates, bone screws, intramedullary pins, circiage wires etc. whereas external fixation devices include K.E. apparatus, Thomas splint, P.O.P. (Gypsona cast splint) other casts and fixation devices. In the cases of mid shaft tibial fracture in the dog, it is not necessary all the times to repair it by internal methods of fixation. External methods of fixation are comparatively cheaper and easy to apply and handle and prevent the animal from the post-operative complications of internal methods of fixation.
The present study was launched for the comparison of the external fixation devices used for the repair of mid-shaft tibia fracture in the dog i.e.
a) Gypsona cast splint.
b) K.E. apparatus.
c) Thomas splint.
The study was carried out on 12 mongrel dogs of either sex divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D and each groups comprising three animals designated as I, II and III. In group A, after the induction of mid shaft tibial fracture Gypsona cast splint was applied on right limb. In group B, K-E. apparatus and in group C Thomas splint was applied. The group D was held sham operated (control) after the induction of mid-shaft tibial fracture. The aforesaid devices were first applied on right tibia and then on left tibia of the same dog at an interval of 10 weeks. The dogs were kept in kennels for 20 weeks. At the end of experimental period, the dogs were euthanized and gross examination was conducted.
The results were collected on the basis of clinical examination (lameness) radiographs and post-euthanasia findings. The results clearly revealed that K-E. apparatus was the best choice in cases of mid shaft tibial fracture in the dog, in terms of best immobilization and good calus formation. Although K.E. device is costly one, but it won't exceeds the cost of the animal in many cases. The results were excellent and procedure can easily be applied easily by an average Orthopaedic surgeon. Thomas splint comes next to K-E. apparatus. If properly applied gives good results. Gypsona cast splint was graded at the end, due to its less efficacy and accuracy. It usually resulted in bone bending after application. It could have been a better procedure if applied with some metallic cast or splint.
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154.
Comparative Efficacy Of Oxyclozanide, Rafoxanide And Bithionol Sulphoxide Against Paramphistomiasis In Buffaloes
by Umar, M | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present project was designed to test the anthelmintic efficacy of oxyclozanide, Rafoxanide and Bithionol suiphoxide against paramph istomiasis in naturally infected buffaloes. The comparative anthelmintic trials were conducted among Nilzan drench - Id (Oxyclozanide 3.0% + Levamisole 1.5%,), Fasifree - Prix (Rafoxanide 30 mg/mI), Irchasol - Medivet (Bithionol sulphoxide 10% + Levamisole 1.5%) and Nilverm drench - ICI (Levamisole 1.5%) against paramphistomiasis in buffaloes.
Seventy five naturally infected buffaloes were selected and divided into five equal groups i.e. A, B, C, D and E containing 15 animals each. Each animal of group A was given Nilzan drench (lml/2kg body weight), group B was given Fasifree (lml/4kg body weight), group C was given Irchasol (lml/2kg body weight), group D was given Nilverm (lml/2kg body weight), while group E was kept as control. The efficacy of anthelmintics was evaluated by counting eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces on day 7, 14 and 21 post-medication.
The mean efficacyh of Nilzan drench was 97.29%, mean efficacy of Fasifree was 98.5% and of Irchasol was 85.56% while Nilverm did not have any effect for the treatment of Paramphistomiasis in buffaloes under field conditions.
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155.
A Clinicopathological Study Of Lactic Acidosis In Sheep And Goats
by Usman, M | Dr. Khalid Pervez | Dr. Javed | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: A total of 100 sheep and goats suffering from lactic acidosis brought to Outdoor hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore were selected as experimental animals while the same number was kept as control to access the events of lactic acidosis. The temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, rumen and serum p11, serum bicarbonate, packed cell volume, ruminal movements and ruminal protozoa of the two groups were studied.
It was found that rectal temperature, blood pH, rumen p11, serum bicarbonate and ruminal movements decreased significantly in acidotic group as compared to control group. Simultaneously the pulse rate, respiration rate and packed cell volume increased, significantly in lactic acidotic group as compared to control group. Mean values observed in goat were serum pH 7.075±0.11 rumen p11, 4±0.57 serum bicarbonate, 12.42±0.59 mEq/liter, packed cell volume 67.50±3.2%, temperature 100.9±0.19°F, pulse rate 168.6±3.77 per minute and respiration rate 17.00±0.82 and in sheep mean values were 7.025±0.85, 4±0.57, 12.42±0.66 rnEq/liter, 64.25±0.21%, 100.9±0.82 °F, 168.6±3.77 per minute and 17.00±0.82 per minute respectively.
The rumen protozoa was found to be completely destroyed in the experimental group. There was complete ruminal stasis in lactic acidotic group.
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156.
Sero Epidemiology Of Foot And Mounth Disease In Tehsil Chichawatni, District, Sahiwal
by Mahmood Ijaz Gorsi | Dr. M. Athar Khan | Dr. Abdus | Dr. M. Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: On a prescribed questionnaire an active surveillance was conducted in randomly selected 12 outbreak/infected villages of Tehsil Chichawatni District Sahiwal with FMD for epidemiological and serological observations. Morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates in cattle were 63.20%, 15.25% and 28.65% respectively. In young cattle, morbidity, mortality and case fatality were high 56.67%, 22.90% and 40.55% as compared to adult where it was 51.64%, 11.57% and 22.40% respectively.
In buffalo population morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates were 61,69%, 20.80% and 33.72% respectively. Similarly as cattle morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates in young buffalo calves were high 65.82%, 30.77% and 46.75% as compared to adult buffalo 59.46%, 15.40% and 25.90% respectively. Young animals of both species were more effected.
A total loss of Rs.27.449 million due to FMD in cattle and buffaloes were estimated. A total of 240 serum samples from buffaloes and cattle each were collected from the affected villages. In cattle and buffalo 116, 110 serum samples were positive against FMD antibodies through CFT. Serotypes observed in cattle were Asia-i 81(69.82%), type A 12(10.34%) and type 0 23(19.82%). While the buffaloes serotypes Asia-1 type A and type 0 were 71(64.54%), 15(13.63%) and 24 (21.81%) respectively.
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157.
Surveillance Of Disease Problems And Economic Losses In Commercial Broiler Farms In And Around Lahore
by Mudasser Jamil, M | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. M. Athar Khan | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The main objective of present work was to investigate the prevalence of various diseases and economic losses, resulting due to various factors among the commercial broiler farms in and around Lahore. For this purpose, oniy those farms were included, for the purpose of collection of data which had a capacity from 5000 to 2000 birds. A questionnaire was designed to collect the data from each farm that related to morbidity rates, mortality rates, vaccination, susceptible age, managemental fault, economic losses and cost analysis for various diseases. This study project was divided into two portions. During one year retrospective study (October 1996 to September, 1997) data was collected from 28 broiler farms. They had a total capacity of 118,000 birds and overall diseases mortality rate was 9.09%. Important diseases observed in this study were IBD (2.5%), 1-IPS (2.09%), earJ' chick mortality (1.85%) followed by colibacillosis (0.6%). Respire tory disease complex (0.5%), Ascites (0.47%), Coccidiosis (0.4%), Aspergillosis (0.314%) and N.D. (0.05%). Economic losses due to these diseases were calculated to be about 4.7% ed on 10 farms randomly selected out of 28 farms. Influence of season on disease was observed by Jividing a calender year into winter season (October 1996 to March 1997) and summer season (April 1997 to September 1997). Comparison of winter and summer season revealed that the incidence of IBD, Ascites, Respiratory disease complex and early chick mortality were higher in winter than summer, while incidence of hydropericardium coccidiosis and colihacillosis were higher in summer than winter. In second phase of this project, a prospective study was arraiied from January, 1998 to March, 1998 in 22 farms. During this study, 21700 birds were examined and overall 9.91% mortality rate was recorded. Important diseases observed in this prospective study were IBD (2.9%), ECM (2.25%), Respiratory disease complex (1.08%) and lIPS (1.11%) followed by colibacillosis (0.67%), ascites (0.51%), foul typhoid (0.14%), coccidiosis (0.37%), aspergillosis (0.29%), fowl cholera (0.16%) and N.D. (0.13%) n descending order.
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158.
Diagnosis And Treatment Trials Of Simple Indigestion In Sheep And Goat
by Basharat Ali | Dr. M. Sarwar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. M. Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: This research project was conducted at Outdoor 1-Jospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. Forty animals i.e. sheep and goats suffering from simple indigestion were selected, the diagnosis was based on history clinical signs and physical examination
Laboratory examination including rumen pH, serum pH, Ketone bodies estimation, protozoa motility test and cellulose digestion test were also performed to confirm the diagnosis, Animals were divided into four groups A,B,C, and D comprising 10 animals each. Animals of group A.B and, C were treated with Magnesium sulphate 50 gm. Magnesium hydro-oxide 50 gm and 1-1/2 liter normal saline once orally respectively while group D was kept as untreated control.
Before treatment, rurnen pH, values 5.702±0.195, 5.681±0.180,5.466±0.074,5.813±0.276 and cellulose digestion test time values 31.3±2.4,31.3±2.3,33.6±0.7, 30.1±3.1 hours in the four groups respectively. Minor protozoa! motility was observed alongwith no serious changes in serum pH and absence of ketone bodies in all the groups. few cases of increased rumen pH were due to ingestion of legumes or urea.
After treatment in group A protozoa motility was moderat while Rumen pH, cellulose digestion test time was 6.248±0.127 and 23.7±0.7 hours respectively. In group B which was treated with magnesium hydro-oxide normal rumen pH value was 6.981±0.034 and cellulose digestion test time 12.6±0.6 hours. In group C little protozoal movements were observed with minor improvement in rumen pH and cellulose digestion test time while in group D, the health of the animals further deteriorated with more disturbance in rumen pH and cellulose digestion test time values.
Magnesium hydro-oxide emerged as effective and economical
drug for the treatment of this condition.
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159.
Comparative Evaluation Of Polyvinyl Tube And Cephalic Vein As Ureteral Substitutes In The Dog
by Bilal Qasim | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | DR. Asim Aslam | Dr. M. Arif Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: Ureteral prosthesis was the procedure adopted for the conduit of urine in the most natural way either by introducing synthetic graft, autograft or both at different ureters.
In this project 21 healthy dogs of either sex were used. Laparotomy was performed under aseptic precautions on eighteen dogs with the remaining three as control animals.
In group A an eight centimeter piece of left ureter was removed from its mid portion. One end of the selected polyvinyl tube was introduced into the lumen of the renal portion of the ureter in a telescoping fashion upto a distance of 0.5 cm and firmly secured with modified matress sutures using 4/0 prolene. Other end of the tube was secured in cystic portion of the ureter in the same manner.
In group B, 8 cm segment of right ureter was removed in the same manner as described for group A, but in this group instead of Polyvinyl tube an 8cm cephalic vein graft, harvested from one of the forelimbs was used as a ureteral substitute. A 12 cm small diameter polyvinyl tube was passed through the lumen of the graft such that both the ends of the tube protruded beyon The protruding ends of the tube were passed into the renal and cystic segments of the ureter. This was done to stabilize the graft and proper approximation of the cut ends of the ureteral segments and the graft for suturing. The respective ends of the ureteral segments and the graft were sutured with horizontal mattress everting sutures using 4/0 prolene. Then a small nick was given in the renal ureteral segment to remove the tube. The nick was repaired with one horizontal mattress suture using the same suture material.
In group C polyvinyl tube and cephalic vein were grafted in the left and right ureters respectively as described for group A and B.
All the survivor dogs were kept under observation for 3 weeks and evaluated on clinical observations, biochemical studies and intravenous urography. Euthanasia was performed after the experimental period and operative sites were explored and gross changes were recorded.
The analysis of the results clearly indicated that the use of polyvinyl tube was a better option over cephalic vein for the ureteral prosthesis.
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160.
Comparative Efficacy Of Vetimast (Cibageigy), Tetra Delta (Upjohn) And Akamycin-D (Selmore)Against Mastitis In Buffaloes Under Field Conditions
by Razzaq, A | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Khushi | Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present project was undertaken to study the effectiveness of 3 different intramammary preparations in buffaloes suffering from clinical mastitis in the viscinity of Lahore and District Kasur. From these cases causative organisms were isolated and j vitro sensitivity was tested with 3 corresponding antibiotic discs and chemotherapeutic trials were conducted in the field.
The following salient results were obtained:
1. Out of 45 milk samples of mastitic buffaloes examined, 53.33 percent were due to staphylococci, 40 percent due to streptococci and 6.66 percent due to gram -ye rods.
2. Among 53.33% strains of staphylococci, 83.33% were sensitive to cefacetrile (Vetimast) while remaining 16.67% were resistant.
3. 83.33.2 percent staphylococci, 83.3% of streptococci and 100% of gram -ye rods were sensitive to Tetra-delta.
4. 75 percent staphylococci, 83.33 percent streptococci and 100% gram -ye rods were sensitive to Gentamycin.
5. 88.88 percent streptococci and 100% E. coli were sensitive to Cefacetrile (Vetirnast). Remaining 11.12 percent of streptococci were resistant to Cefacetrile.
Ten buffaloes (Group-A) were treated with 235 mg of cefacetrile, 5 bufffaloes (50%) got cured after 7 days of the end of the therapy and 2 more (20%) animals got cured after 14 day of therapy.
Ten bufffaloes (group-B) were freated with TGtra-delta, 5 (5Ob)
cured after 7 days of the end of treatment and 3 more buffaloes (30%) got cured after 14 days.
Similarily, 10 animals (Group-C) were treated with Akamycin-D by intramammary infusion, 4 buffaloes (40%) got cured after 7 days of therapy and 2 more animals (20%) got cured after 14 days of the end of treatment.
In the present study, the total financial losses of about Rs. 43660/has been estimated to be caused by clinical mastitis in buffaloes. These losses are preventable by effective chemotherapeutic and control measures. Clinical trials conducted under field conditions in treating the clinical mastitis in buffaloes have shown that tetra delta is efficacious and economical, as it is cheaper and single dose treatment as compared to vetimast and akamycin-D which are expensive.
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161.
Comparative Efficacy Of Buparvaquone And Oxytetracycline Against Theileriosis In Cattle And Their Effect On Blood
by Sarvat Yab Khan | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: Theileriosis is a serious disease of the cattle which is caused by species of Theileria resulting in death due to severe anaemia. The present study was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of buparvaquone (Butalex, ICI) and oxytetracycline (Terramycin 100 PVP) and their effect on various blood parameters, viz, total erythrocytic count (TEC), total leukocytic count (TLC), packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin estimation (Hb) in and around Lahore.
Thirty infected cattle showing clinical signs of Theileriosis (diagnosed based on blood smear examination) were used in this study. These animals were randomly divided into 3 groups designated as A, B and C comprising 10 animals each. Besides this 10 healthy cattle were kept as control as group D.
Haernatological examination revealed a significant decrease in the erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin level of the infected cattles. Total leukocyte count was also decreased. Animal of group A was treated with single intramuscular injection of Butalex at the dose rate of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. The efficacy of the drug was 90 per cent. There was marked increased in the erythrocyte, leukocyte, packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration.
Group B was treated with intramuscular injection of Terramycin 100 PVP at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg body weight. The efficacy of the drug was 40% and there was slight increase in the haematological values. riThe haematological values of group C were much more decreased while in group D, these values were just same.
From this study, it is concluded that buparvaquone 2.5 mg/kg body weight (Butalex ICI) is the drug of choice for the treatment of Theileriosis under field condition in our country.
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162.
Epidemiological And Experimental Investigation Of Hydatidosis In Buffalo, Cattle And Dogs
by Ghulam Yasin | Dr.Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: In the epidemiological investigation of present project, 1300 slaughtered buffaloes and 1300 slaughtered cattle were inspected for hydatidosis from two different abattoirs in Lahore district. rllhe results showed that the Overall prevalence of hydatidosis in buffalo was 33.9% (Male 30% and Female 37.81%). Overall prevalence of hydatidosis in cattle was 31.2% (Male 30% and Female 32.42%). Higher prevalence was due to examination of only adult/older animals. As regard to distribution of hydatid cyst, the lungs were more effected than any other organs of both cattle and buffalo. The number, size and state of hydatid cysts were also examined and their results are briefly discussed.
While in experimental investigation of said project, twenty dogs were maintained for a period of two and a half month and the results showed that the dogs infected experimentally with . granulosus did not exhibit any significant and specific symptoms. Among three drugs used against experimentally induced E. granulosus, the Mannsonil (Niclosamide) is the drug of choice (87% effective) while Forbenda (Albendazole) is the drug of choice (87% effective) while Forbenda (Albendazole) is ineffective and Chanazole (Mebendazole) is also very good. The best method to confirm the infection in live dogs is the purgation of the dogs, while in dead dogs is the postmortem examination and inspection of small intestine for E. granulosus.
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163.
Retrospective Epidemiological Study And Clinico Serological Observations On Haemorrhagic Septicaemia In Cattle And Buffaloes In District Dera Ghazi Khan During 1996
by Zaka Saeed | Dr. M. Athar Khan | Dr. M. Naeem | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: An active surveillance was conducted to understand the incidence and economic losses due to Haemorrhagic septicaemia in randomly selected 10 villages of tehsil/district Dera Ghazi Khan. The informations about the morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates
related to HS were collected on a prescribed questionnaire during the previous year.
The data of 4248 animals from the affected villages was cllected which included 2963 buffaloes (1042 young and 1921 adult) and 1285 cattle (417 young and 868 adults). The morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates were 22.3%, 19.64% and 88.04% in buffaloes (with 57.58%, 52.30% and 90.83% in young and 3.17%, 1.92% and 60.65% in adult animals) and 6.07%, 3.19% and 52.56% in cattle (with 8.63%, 5.27% and 61.11% in young and 4.83%, 2.18% and 45.23% in adult animals) respectively.
The clinical signs observed were body temperature 104-107°F (17.39%), respiratory distress (14.61%), salivation (14.54%), nasal discharge (9.67%) and edema around throat (9.34%).
The average total serum protein, serum albumin and serum globulin of diseased buffalo were 4.99g/dl, 2.60g/dl and 2.42g/dl while in diseased cattle the values were 5.78g/dl, 2.47g/dl and 2.35g/dl.
Indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) used for the antibody detection against H.S. revealed that the GMT of diseased buffaloes and cattle was lower than that of healthy animals. No carrier buffalo and cattle could be detected by nasopharyngeal swabs.
Economic losses due to haemorrhagic septicaemia have been estimated to be Rs. 2.615 million per annum.
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164.
Comparative Efficacy Of Three Newly Introduced Drugs For The Control Of Experimentally Induced Coccidiosis In Broiler Chicks
by Aslam, M | Dr. M. Sarwar Khan | dr. Kamran | Dr. Khalid Pervaz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: One hundred and fifty brioler chicks reared under standars and managmental conditions, were divided into five groups A, B, C, D and E each comprising 30 birds at the ag of 21 days. From 22nd day to onward group A, B and C were given feed mixed with coccidiostats i.e. diclazuril (200mg/kg of feed), maduramicin ammonium 500mg/kg of feed) and salinomycin (1gm/kg of feed) respectively till the end of experiment while group D and E were fed with usual feed. On 28th day, the group A, B, C and D were infected with 75000, sporulated occyst/bird while gropu E was non-infected non-medicated control.
Clinical signs were observed only in group B, C and D. The total oocyst count in all groups on zero day of infection was zero. On 1st, 4th and 8th day after the appearance of clinical symptoms, the total oocyst count in group A, B, C and D were 2500, 4900, 9700 and 209600 respectively, while group E examined nil being control non-infected group. Morbidity observed in group B, C and D was 3.33% 16.66% and 83.33% respectively while in group A and E morbidity was not observed. Mortality was observed only in groups C and D that was 3.33% and 30% respectively.
The feed intake and feed conversion ratio of group A, B and C was almost equal, while of group D (infected and non-medicated) is concerned it showed better result. Postmortem examination revealed severe enteritis an hemorrhagic lesions in small intestines and caeca, while on histopathology, damage to the absorptive tissue and destructions of the intestinal villi alongwith the merozoites, schizonts and gametocytes in the mucosa and sub-mucosal region of intestine and caeca were observed.
The study showed the prophylactic efficacy of diclazuril, maduramicin ammonium and salinomycin in descending ordre respectively. Diclazuril was to be the drug of choic against coccidiosis.
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165.
Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Cestode Infection In Wild Felidae
by Zahid Zia | Dr. Khalid Pervaz | Dr. M. Akram | Dr. M. Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present wok was conducted to see the efficacy of Niclosamide (Yomesan), Mebendazole (Vermox) and Praziquantel (Droncit) against cestode infection in wild felids in captivity because zoological gardens are permanent source of parastic infestation
A survey was conduced to estimate ethe prevalence of various specises of cestodes in 40 wild fields kept in Lahore Zoo and Luch Irani Circus. The prevalence rate was recorded for Lahore Zoo 42.86% and for Lucky Irani Circus 100%. Overall prevalence was estimated (60%). The prevalence rate of Dipylidium caninum, Echinococcus/Taenia species, Spriometra felis and Joyeuxiella pasaquaeli was recroded 32.60, 55.33, 39.81 and 27.90 percent, respectively. The animals showing moderat to heavy infection were selected for therapeutic trails.
Two trainls were conducted wild felids kept in the Lahore Zoo and Luch Irani Circus comprising 12 animals each. In both experimental station four groups i.e. A, B, C and D of animals were made. Group A, B and C wre treated with Niclosamide (Yomesan)Mebendazole (Vermox) and Praziquantle (Droncit) respectively, while group D was kept as untreated control group. The efficacy of the drug was detrmined on the basis of reduction in the number of ova and segments discharged in the faeces on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of post medication.
Results revealed that Praziquantel (Droncit) was the drug of choice against all species of cestodes, as it was found highly effective throughout the experiment. Membendazole (Vermox) was also found 100% effective against different species of cestodes upto 14th day of the experiment. Niclosamide (Yomesan) was not found as effective as other two drugs.
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166.
Prevalence Of Ascaridiosis In Domestic Pigeons, Its Chemotherapy And Effect On Blood Parameters In Lahore
by Imran Ali | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the prevalence of Ascaridia çolumbae in domestic pigeons and its chemotherapy with two anthelmintics to see the efficacy of two drugs and effect on some blood parameters (TLC and DLC).
To find out the prevalence, fifty pigeon shops and houses of pigeon owners were visited in and around Lahore each month. A total of 150 samples from June to August 1998 were collected. An overall prevalence recorded in domestic pigeons was 60 percent. It was highest (72%) in August and lowest (58%) in July. The prevalence of infection was higher in birds raised under unhygienic and poor managemental conditions.
For drug efficacy and haematology, 60 pigeons were purchased from local market and divided into 4 groups comprising of 15 birds each and grouped as under:
Group A (15 birds) infected and medicated with Albenzole.
Group B (15 birds infected and medicated with Chanazole.
Group C (15 birds) infected and non-medicated (control)
Group D (15 birds) Non-infected and non-medicated (control).
Three samples of faeces and blood were collected from each group on zero day, 7th day, 12th day of medication. In group A, egg count decreased to 60.8% and 96.70% on 7th and 12th day of medication respectively. In group B, egg count decreased to 68.60% 86.0% on 7th and 12th day respectively. While in group C, egg count increased to 7.70% and 218% on 7th and 12th day of medication. Group D, remained free from infection and non-medicated throughout the experiment and kept as control. As regards the efficacy of drugs, the Albenzole was found highly effective and reduction percentage was 96.70 eggs ocr gram of faeces. While in Chanazole reduction percentage was 86.0. Total leukocyte count in group A, B and C increased on zero day, 7th day and 12th day of medication. In group 0, total leukocyte count remained constant throughout the experimental period.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0569,T] (1).
167.
Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Strongylosis And Its Effect On Various Blood Parameters In Horses
by Abid Saleem | Dr.Khalid Pervez | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present project was designed to find out the prevalence of strongylosis, to test the anthelmintic efficacy of Albendazole, Oxfendazole and Piperazine and to study the effect of strongyloids on blood parameters.
For this purpose the faecal samples of one hundred and twenty horses were processed through coprological examination. Out of 120 horses 68 were found positive, so the prevalence of strongylosis was recorded as 56.66%. Out of the positive animals, 60 were randomly divided into four groups A, B, C and D comprising of 15 animals in each group. Each animal of group A was given Farbenda (7.5 mg/kg body weight), group B was given Oxafax (10 mg/kg body weight), group C was given Coopane (0.2 g/kg body weight) while group D was kept as control (untreated). The efficacy of anthelmintics was evaluated on the reduction of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces on 7th, 14th and 21st day post-medication. Efficacy of Farbenda (Albendazole) was 64.2%, 53.1% and 42.1% on 7th, 14th and 21st day, respectively. Efficacy of Oxafax (Oxfendazole) was 100%, 98.7% and 98.1% on 7th, 14th and 21st day, respectively. Efficacy of Coopane (Piperazine) was 52.3%, 38.8% and 28% on 7th, 14th and 21st day, respectively. It was concluded from above results that Oxfendazole was found the most effective than Albendazole and Piperazine, while Albendazole showed better efficacy than Piperazine.
Haematological parameters showed significant reduction in total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb) level and packed cell volume (PCV) while total leukocyte count (TLC) remained within normal limits.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0570,T] (1).
168.
Prevalence Of Mixed Infection Of Nematodes And Trematodes In Camels At Lahore And Their Effect On Blood Picture
by Asif, M | Dr. M. Sarwar Khan | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Dr. M. Afzal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present project was designed to know the prevalence of mixed infection of Nematodes and Trematodes in camels at Lahore and the effect of this condition on different blood parameters. The source of camels was Lahore Abattoir. A total of 200 camels were examined from June 1998 to September 1998. Fecal samples were taken from the camels and at the same time blood samples were also taken from the same camel. Fecal samples were examined at Central Diagnostic Laboratory. Medicine Section, and College of Veterinary Sciences Lahore. Fecal samples were examined by the direct smear examination and salt floatation method. Camels were divided into four groups, group A. camels positive for any nematode, liver fluke and paramphistome, group B. camels positive for liver fluke and nématode, group C. camels positive for paramphistome and nematode and an other group D was comprised of camels declared negative I or above mentioned helminthes. The blood samples of only those camels were subjected for examination, which were declared positive for any of the three groups. The prevalence of group A camels was 2.5% and highest prevalence of these camels was observed in the months of June and September. The prevalence of group B was 8 %. and of group C was 3 %. The overall prevalence of nematodes and treniatocles was 70 0o. Only 30 % camels were free of these helminthes. I3lood examination conducted for group A revealed increased Total leukocyte count average was 44000/cubic mm. and range was 40000-48000/cubic nun. Average T.E.C was 3.9 M/cubic mm. and Hh. 11 gm!dl., range for T.E.C 3.6- 4.3 M/cubic mm and I-lb.. was 9-l3gm/dl. D.L.C revealed average neutrophils 75%, lymphocytes 25% and range in neutrophils was 73-77% and lymphocytes were 23-27%. Blood examination conducted for group B revealed increased Total leukocyte count average was 38000/cubic mm. and range was 33000-42000/cubic mm. Average T.E.C was 4.4 M/cubic mm. and Hb. 11.2 grnldl.. range for T.E.C 4- 4.8 M/cubic mm and I-lb. was 8-l3gm/di. D.LC revealed average neutrophils 70%, lymphocytes 28% and range in neutrophils was 68-73% and lymphocytes were 26-30% average monocytes were 2.1% and range was l-S%. Blood examination conducted for group C revealed increased Total leukocyte count average was 35000/cubic mm. and range was 28000-39000/cubic mm. Average for T.E.C 4 M/cubic mm. and Hb. 10.5 gm/dl.. range for T.E.C 3.8-4.5 M/cubic mm and Hh., was 8.8-1 1.7 gm/dl. D.L.C' revealed average neutrophils 75%, lymphocytes 24.6% and range in neutrophils was 74-77% and lymphocytes were 23-26% average range of monocyte was 0.3%, 0-1% respectively. Blood examination conducted for group D revealed increased Total leukocyte count average was 156000/cubic mm. and range was 13900-20000/cubic mm. Average for T.E.C 5.27 M/cuhic mm. and fIb. 14.6 gm/dl., range for T.E.C 4.9-5.6 M/cubic mm and Fib., was 12-l6gm/di. D.L.C revealed average neutrophils 6.8%, lymphocytes 28.4% and range in neutrophils was 65-72% and lymphocytes were 25-3O% for monocytes and eosinophil average was 1.8%, 0.8% and range was 0-3°/o,0-25 respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0572,T] (1).
169.
Surveiilance Of Disease Problems & Economic Losses In Commercial Layer Farming In Tehsil Arifwala
by Javid Iqbal, M | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The main objective of the present study work was to investigate the prevalence of various diseases and economic losses resulting because of various factors among the commercial layer farming in Tehsil Arif Wala. The farms having housed birds 5000 - 15000 were visited in this study work. The project was divided into two portions. The data of retrospective study revealed total mortality of 16.44% ( 58725/357100 ) due to various diseases. Highest mortality was due to gumboro (27.50%) followed bt leukosis (26.38%), Newcastle disease (15.33% observed only in one farm) early chick mortality ( 5.06%), heat stress ( 4. 14 %), coryza (3.09%) and Salmonellosis ( 1.98% ). The diseases in which the mortality was less than 2% were E-coli, Coccidiosis, C.R.D., I.B., Aspergillosis, Enteritis and Pox.
In active surveillance mortality was 27.28% (52019/190700) clue to various diseases. Highest mortality was due to Icukosis (24.57%) followed by Marek's disease (12.98%), early chick mortality (12.75%), gumboro (10.54%), C.R.D. (7.39%), Aspergillosis (7.10%), E-Coli (6.75 %), Coayza (4.81%), saimonellosis (4.33%) and enteritis
(3.86%). The diseases in which the mortality was less than 3% were
Coccidiosis, l.B., and Heat Stress.
In retrospective study economic losses by different factors were chicks ( 25.61%), feed (67.31%) and medicine (7.08%). In active surveillance economic losses due to different factors were chicks (32.29%), feed (62.53%) and medicine (5.18%).
From this study it is concluded that viral infections such as gumboro, leukosis, Marek's and N.D. are important in layers responsible for high mortality and economic losses. Therefore, it is recommended that proper vaccination should be done and propel vaccination schedule should be adopted
The diagnosis of each disease was made by clinical findings and postmortem findings but in case of active surveillance, the diagnosis of Salmonelosis was confirmed by the laboratory tests. A questionnaire was also designed to collect the data from each farm that was related to morbidity rates, mortali rates , vaccination, susceptible age , managemental faults & economic losses for various diseases.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0581,T] (1).
170.
Prevalence Of Trichomoniasis In Domestic And Wild Pigeons And Its Effect On Some Blood Parameters Nd Weight Gain
by Hassan Saleem, M | Dr.Khalid Pervez | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present project was designed to study the prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae (Trichomoniasis) in domestic and wild pigeons and its effect on some blood parameters and also on weight gain.
To find out the prevalence of T. gallinae in domestic and wild pigeons 100 pigeons were examined between March and Apr11, 1998 from different shops of New Tollinton Market and Lahore Zoo, Lahore. The overall prevalence in domestic and wild pigeons was 41%, which was 30% in March and 52% in April. The birds which were kept in unhygienic conditions and ill fed had more chance of having T. galllnae and have higher prevalence.
For the haematological study 10 healthy and 10 infected pigeons were randomly selected (from the already tested -ye and +ve of the infection) and their blood was examined for ITh, Tl.C, DLC and
PCV. The values of Hh, PCV and Monocytes of unhealthy pigeons are lesser than the healthy pigeons, while values of TLC, hetorophils, lymphocytes and Eosinophils are higher in diseased pigeons than the healthy pigeons. There is a significant difference between the means of Hb, PCV, TLC, Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, while there is no significant difference between the means of Ileterophils.
Finally for weight gain 10 healthy and 10 infected pigeons were randomly selected from already tested and confirmed -ye and +ve pigeons and weight them very carefully and recorded. Both types of birds were kept under observation and after 4 days again weighed them. Which showed that apparently the infected pigeons had lesser weight than healthy ones. There is also a significant difference between their means.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0587,T] (1).
171.
Comparative Efficacy Of Bone Plate And Plaster Cast For The Repair Of Mid Shaft Metacarpal Fracture In Equine
by Iftikhar Safdar Wahla, M | Dr. M. Arif Khan | Dr. M. Sarwar Khan | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The fractures of long bone specially the metacarpal and metatarsal are quite common in race, polo as well as tonga horses. Mostly they appear as simple fracture as they do not involve the skin. These fractured cases are mostly euthanised due to lack of facilities and skills to handle such type of orthopedic problems. Different types of external fixation devices are used to immobilize such types of orthopedic ailments. But these methods cannot fulfill the requirements of an ideal union. In this project the internal method of fixation has been compared with the external method. The project was carried out 16 healthy donkeys divided into four groups of 4 animals each. In group A single plate, in group B double plates at right angle to each other and in group C plaster of paris were tried. Where as group D was considered as sham operated (control). The experiment animals kept over a period of 8 weeks postoperatively at Surgery Section of College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore and different parameters were studied to pick-up the best procedure for the repair of mid-shaft metacarpal fracture in equine. The analysis of the results clearly indicated that the use of double broad (dynamic compression plate) plates at right angle to each other has an edge over the single plate and plaster cast. However, the single plate can also provide successful results in certain cases, where the movement of the animals is restricted and kept under closed observations. The gypsona cast applied alone can not immobilize the fracture site as required for the ideal healing.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0591,T] (1).
172.
Epidemiology And Economic Losses Of Trichostrongylid Parasites In Sheep
by Sarwar Khan, M | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Haji Ahmad | Dr. Khalid Pervaiz | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The meteorological data recorded during the study period from 1.1.96 to 31.12.96 showed the maximum temperature in June as
36.5°C and minimum temperature in December as 6.8°C. Maximum and minimum Humidity was recorded in the month of September and April as 85% and 55% respectively. The maximum rainfall during the year was recorded in the month of August as 660 mm.
The faecal egg counts of sheep grazing on permanent pasture showed the minimum EPG during first week of January while maximum EPG on nid of September and first week of October.
Pasture larval counts were performed on permanent pasture and experimental plot for the recovery of trichostrongylid larvae. The maximum number of larvae was recovered on 16th September, 1996, while minimum number was recovered in January and February from permanent pasture and experimental plot respectively. Two species of trichostrongylids were identified i.e. Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongvlus colubriformis.
The faecal and larval counts were very low in the months of January and February, the counts started rising in March. Peak counts were seen in the month of September. Decline in counts started in late October and reached to minimum in December.
Mature and immature worm counts of slaughtered sheep were performed at 15 days interval. The, overall prevalence oftrichostrongylid parasites was 34%. The maximum number of mature parasites were seen during first week of October which was886 whereas maximum number of immature parasites including hypobiotic was 326 on 1st of December. During this study the average fecundity/female of contortus and L colubriformis parasites were calculated as 721 and 209 respectively. A spring rise in worm egg counts was experienced in mid of March. A pen parturient rise in the worm egg counts of pregnant and lactating ewes indicated the maximum counts during lambing week.
An experimental group of sheep with mixed infection of trichostrongylid parasites showed the similar pattern of EPG counts as of naturally infected sheep.
A study was performed to evaluate any protection provided by a particular Flaemoglobin type to trichostrongylid infection hut not difference could be observed. The Asparate Aminotransferase (AST) and total protein levels of infected sheep were decreased as a result of increase in the intensity of infection.
A decrease in R.B.C. counts, Haemoglobin, Packed cell volume and lymphocyte counts was observed both in experimentally and naturally infected slaughtered sheep. However, an increase in total leukocytic count (TLC) alongwith an increase in the ratio of neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils was observed.
At the end of experiment infected sheep gained 5.71 Kg/head less body weight and produced 4 3 grn less wool as compared with non-infected group. Based on epidemiological information the suggestions for control of the, trichostrongylid infection are submitted alongwi th recommendations for further studies.
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173.
Evaluation Of Liver Functions At Varying Degrees Of Hepatectomy In Dogs
by Farhan Ahmad Atif | Dr. M. Arif Khan | Dr. Asim Aslam | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Liver is the most important organ because of its multiplicity of functions. It played a pivotal rote in the nutrition and maintenance of the body.
In this project 16 dogs were taken and divided into 4 groups comprising 4 dogs each. In group-A total removal of right lateral lobe was performed. In group-B half part of the right lobe was resected. Group-C was sham operated in which only laparotomy was experienced. Whereas, group-D acted as control.
Liver function tests were conducted in all the groups before and after surgery. rfhe.e was slight elevation in the values of liver enzymes which remained within the normal range except alkaline phosphatase.
Metabolic ability was not affected appreciably after resection of half and complete removal of right lateral lobe.
All the dogs were euthanized after 8 weeks post-operatively. The dogs of group-B showed hepatic regeneration that was 31.2, 38.8 and 28.3 percent in dog No.6, 7 and 8 respectively. The histopathology of regenerated tissue revealed normal hepatic tissue.
The analysis of results has clearly indicated that resection of liver upto this extent does not alter liver functions noticeably and thus partial hepatectomy can be performed without any fear.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0596,T] (1).
174.
Treatment Of Experimentally Induced Coccidiosis And Its Effect On Various Blood Components In Quails
by Hameed, A | Dr. M. Sarwar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Khalid Pervez | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the effect of experimentally induced coccidiosis on some blood parameters and its treatment with Amprolium 20% and Suiphadimidine alone and with Vitamin A and Vitamin K supplementation in quails. For this purpose one hundred and eighty (180) quails of two weeks old were obtained and reared controlled coccidia free conditions and provided coccidiostat free feed. At the age of 3 weeks birds were divided into 6 groups (i.e. A, B, C, D, E and F) comprising 30 birds in each groups.
Group-A: Infected and medicated with Amprolium.
Group-B: Infected and medicated with Sulphadimidine sodium.
Group-C: Infected and medicated with Amprolium and Vitamins
A&K.
Group-D: Infected and medicated with Suiphadimidine sodium and Vitamins A&K.
Group-E: Infected and non medicated.
Group-F: Non infected non-medicated (Control).
The clinical symptoms were more pronounced in those birds which were treated with Suiphadimidine and Amprolium without any supplementation of Vitamins A and K.
The mortality rate lower and OPG was nil at 12th day of medication in the group which was treated with Amprolium and Vitamins A&K supplementation than the other groups.
Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average weight gain of the birds was significantly improved by the addition of Vitamins A and K supplementation with Sulphadimidine and Amprolium than of the birds which were medicated without any vitamin supplementation. The average FCR of those groups which were medicated without vitamin supplementation and with vitamin supplementation were calculated as 3.9, 4.2, 3.7 and 3.9, respectively.
Haemoglobin estimation was also improved in the groups which were treated with the supplementation of vitamin A and vitamin K. And highest haemoglobin value was estimated in group C (9.8 gm/100 ml at 12th day of medication), which was medicated with Amprolium and vitamin A and vitamin K supplementation.
The study showed efficacy of Amproliurn and Suiphadimidine with Supplementation for vitamins A and K in descending order. Amprolium with supplementation of vitamins A and K was proved to be best drug against coccidiosis in quails.
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175.
Comparative Efficacy Of Various Drugs Used Against Equine Colic
by Hamad Bin Rashid | Dr.Khalid Pervez | Dr.Asim Aslam | Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Horse is a delicate animal and has a marked tendency towards gastro-intestinal disorders. Unlike other diseases of equines, colic provides the horse a lot pain, the veterinarian and the horse owner much anguish and loss. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of hyoscine-n-butylbromide, pentazocine lactate and detomidine hydrochloride. Eighteen horses suffering from colic brought to the Veterinary Hospital, Lahore Race Club, Lahore and the Outdoor Hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore were used in this study, while 6 normal horses were kept as control. rI1i diseased horses were randomly divided into A, B and C groups. The physical examination of the affected animals was performed to determine the degree of dehydration, PCV and concentration of serum electrolytes i.e. Sodium, Potassium, Chloride and Bicarbonate were measured before treatment, 1 hour and 2 hour post treatment by flame photometry.
In healthy animals PCV and serum electrolytes were in normal range. Increased PCV was observed in most of the affected horses (range 27-64% Mean 43.22%). One hour after the treatment the PCV ranged from 29.1-62.8% (Mean 43.82) while after 2 hours, It was 30.82-60.1% (Mean 43.77%). The lower values of PCV could be attributed to parasitic anaemia. Serum Sodium, Chloride and Bicarbonate concentrations were decreased i.e. 108-13 1 mEq/L (Mean 118.88), 70-91 mEq/L (Mean 79.26) and 23.3-31.1 mEq/L (Mean 26.67) respectively. While serum Potassium concentration was increased i.e. 3.0-5.4 mEq/L (Mean 4.25). One hour after the treatment the values of Nat, OF, HC03 and K were 108.8-132.4 (Mean 121.1), 74.1-94 (Mean 81.6), 24-31.4 (Mean 27.24), 3.3-5.2 mEq/L (Mean 4.39), respectively, while 2 hours after the treatment the values of Na, CF, HC03 and K were 109-133.1 (Mean 122.97), 74.5-99 (Mean 83.55), 24.5-31.9 (Mean 27.83) and 3.7-5.1 mEq/L (Mean 4.53) respectively. The efficacy of hyoscine-n-butylbromide was 100% within 5 hours post treatment. The efficacy of pentazocine lactate was 100% within 4 hours post treatment, while the efficacy of detomidine hydrochloride was 100% 4 hours post treatment. Among pentazocine and detomidine, the efficacy of detomidine was better as more horses recovered in the same time period as compared to pentazocine.
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176.
Comparative Efficacy Of Various Drugs Used Against Naturally Infected Horsed With Babesiosis
by Mamoona Ali | Dr. Khalid Pervez | Dr. Asif | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0600,T] (1).
177.
Chemoprophylactic Trials Against Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea And The Study Of Relevant Haematological & Serological
by Muzaffar Hussain Bukhari, Syed | Dr.M.Athra Khan | Dr.M.Sarwar Khan | Dr.Sameera | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The economy of Pakistan depends upon its live stock population production. The present situation does not match this fact due to high calimortality rate due to infective agents in animals. The mortality rate is significantly higher in the neonates primarily due to neonatal calf diarrhoea.
As the management of neonates is usually not upto the mark and the health of calf is further endangered by the lack of laboratory diagnostic facilities and veterinary medical services at the village level. The present project was designed to solve the problem of our masses which was assume to study the effect of various chemoprophylactic agents against neonatal calf diarrhoea and the study of hematological, serological and bacteriological parameters.
For the present study thirty neonates were subjected through systematic random sampling for the comparative efficacy of colimune ora, cosumix plus, streptomagma, N.M.K. powder and biovct and their effect on haemotological, serological and microbiological parameters was studied. None of the animal manifested any clinical sign like diarrhoea, dehydration, scpteccmia or any of the organism was isolated from the fecal samples, which shows that all the drugs worked well prophylactically against neonatal calf diarrhoea. Only one out of five calves in group A (colirnune ora) died 48 hours after its birth. Postmortem rcpors revealed that there was a lot of fluid accumulation in gastero intestinal tract.
The present project was conducted at the Animal Nutrition centre, Rakh Dera Chahi, Lahore.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0601,T] (1).
178.
Drug Efficacy Against Experimentally Induced Escherichia Coli Infection In Three Different Types Of Poultry
by Ibrahim | Dr.Muahammad Athar Khan | Dr.Shakil | Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present project made an effort to study the efficacy of different drugs on various prevalent strains of Escherichia coil isolated from chickens that were submitted for postmortem at College Of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore and Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore and also by visiting various poultry farms in Lahore region. Six different antibacterial drugs which included Amoxycillin , Enorfioxacine, Neomycin Gentamycin, Furazolidone & Flumequne were used to observe the sensitivity of the isolates. In-vitro condition, Enrfloxacine. Gentamycin and Flumequne emerged as drugs of choice in order of their decreasing importance in the experiment.
The pathogenicity of the isolated strains was tested in Swiss white mice after viable cell count, 5 mice were injected interaperitoneally with the suspension of the isolated strain at the dose rate of 0.25 ml having 3x108 bacteria while 5 mice were kept as control.
The three best drugs were further tested for their efficacy in protecting the birds from Escherichia coil infection. A total of 225 birds, comprising of 75 broiler, 75 layer and 75 indigenous (Desi chicks), each type representing a group were reared upto 6 weeks of age. At 29th day of age, each of the three group was divided into 5 sub groups comprising 15 birds each. Four sub groups out of 5 of each type was injected with pathogenic isolates of E.coli, cultured already in fresh Nutrient broth and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, having 3x108 bacteria per 0.25 ml interaperitoneally. One sub group of each type was kept as control (uninfected and untreated). One of the four infected sub groups in each type was not treated while the remaining three infected sub groups in each type were treated with Enrofloxacine, Gentamycin and Flumequene respectively. All the groups were kept under close observation and their mortality was recorded. Maximum mortality was recorded in sub group 1 of group A (i.e. 66.67%) while in the sub groups 2 of B & C, the mortality recorded was 60% and 66.66% respectively.
According to the trial Enrofloxacin afforded maximum protection against the infection and feed efficiency, Flumequen stood second and Gentamycin stood third in boilers.
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179.
Prevalence Of Mixed Infection Of Hematodes & Cestodes In Sheep, Its Chemotherapy & Effect On Certain Blood
by Jawaria Ali Khan | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Asif Rabbani | Dr.iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: A Study was conducted to assess the effects of albendazole and oxfendazolc agaitist mixed infection of nematodes and cestodes in naturally infected sheep on he bases of post medical ion reduction of egg per grain oF ficces and its certain blood ComponentS. The animals were emaciated in diarrhoeal condition rough body coat and progressive loss of weight.
Three hundred sheep were selected. I 24 sheep showed positive infection. Out of 1 24 sheep 30 sheep were positive fir mixed infection of nematodes and cestodes. They were divided into three groups each containing 10 animals naturally infected A, 13 & C while group 1) was kept non-infected and non-medicated, Group A was treated vith albendazole (Albavel, tab I 52mg Medi Vet) 5mg/Kg bw orally. Group 13 was treated with oxlcn(lazote (Oxafax suspension, Glaxo, Wellcome) 5mg/Kg b.w orally. Group C kept as mfecte(l untreated control while group 1) was uninfected untreate(l negative control group.
The egg per gram 1ieccs was formed on the fl, 31(1 and day of treatment which indicated (hat both drugs were effective against G .1 .T nematodes and cestodes infection.
The chemotheraputic examination Showed that egg per gram of faeces in group A, B & C were 2683, 2561 and 2712 respectively on 0 day while group D examined nil being control non-infectcd group. The EPG in group A. B, C was nil, 122, 2740,respectively, on 3rd day and on 10th day nil, 114, 2973 respectively. While in group D the egg per gram of faces was zero due to uninfective negative control group.
The haematological Studies showed that the average haematological values were increased toward nor vial with treatment in group A & B. There was fall in the haemoglobin value in untreated infected group C during experiment while iii group D, there was no significant change in haemoglobin levels which was almost same throughout the experiment.
The total leukocyte count returned towards iii all groups normal except group C. The differential leukocytic count, the Basophils decreased, lymphocytes increased and Neutrophils, Fosinophils and Monocytes showed variation in their number. No side effects in both medicines were recorded tInting experiment.
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180.
A Population Based Active Disease Surveilance And Drug Trials Of Mastitis In Cattle And Buffaloes Of District Sargodha
by Ghulam Murtaza Arshad | Dr.Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr.Muhamad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: An active surveillance was conducted in Sial Sharif, 134-S.B., Bhabra, Bir Bal Sharif and private farm of district Sargodha on prescribed Questionnaires over a period of one year to determine the incidence of mastitis. Sub-clinical mastitis, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, efficacy of drugs i.e. Farmox (Amoxycillin Trihydrate), Floxatryl (Norfioxacin), Tyloject (Tylosin), Tribrissen (Suiphadiazine and Trimethoprim) and Rasomycine (Oxytetracycline MCI) under field condition and ocnnoniicnl losses due to mastitis at a farmer level.
In total adult female buffalo and cattle population 1784 and 747, the incidence rate of clinical mastitis in buffalo and cattle was 25.67 and 18-20% respectively, while 12(20%), 55(23.91%), 76(24.43%), 240(26.84%) and 75(25.95%) in Private farm, Sial Sharif, 134-S.B., Bhabra and Bir Bal Sharif respectively, the incidence rate of clinical mastitis in cattle was 12.5%, 16.84%, 17.64%, 19.88% and 19.44% in Private farm, Sial Sharif, 134-S.B., Bhabra and Bir Pal Sharif respectively. The incidence rate of mastitis in fore and Hind Quarter was 34.34 and 60.78% respectively. While 29 (4.88%) case were also recorded in which both quarters were effected.
The incidence rate of mastitis was highest 39.05% in animals of 7-9 lactation number. The incidence rate of mastitis was also higher 50.16% in early stage of lactation. The incidence of mastitis in right and left quarter was non-significant.
The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis in buffalo was 32.22%, while 20%, 33.33%, 30%, 38.46% and 27.77% in group Private farm, Sial Sharif, 134-SB, Bhabra and Bir Bal Sharif, respectively. The incidence rate of subclinical mastitis in cow was
29.29% while 20%, 28.57%, 33.33%, 30.55% and 29.41% in group A, B, C, D and E respectively.
Pathogen present in milk sample were susceptible to Tylosin, Amoxycillin, Norfloxacin, Sulphadi azine and Trimethoprim and Oxytetracycline. The comparative drugs efficacy were Farmox 85%, Floxatryl 55%, Rasomycin 35%, Tribrissen 75% and Tyloject 90%.
The total economical losses due to mastitis was Rs.5539100. The total economic losses due to mastitis at a farmer level was Rs.8405 per annum.
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181.
Effect Of Probiotics & Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicates On The Performance Of Broilers
by Iftikhar Hussain Akram | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Javed | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: This project was designed to observe the effects of Probiotics and Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicates on the growth, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the antibody titers of N.D. vaccine in broiler chicks.
For this, 360 chicks from SB chicks were purchased and were divided into four groups each comprising 90 chicks and furthermore each group was divided into three replicates in each having 30 chicks in it. The experiment lasted for forty two days. The birds were vaccinated according to the program of Rhone Merieux. The probiotic ( Protexin ) was given in group A @ 0.1% in feed and Mycotoxin (Mycoad ) was used in group B 0.2%, in group C ( combination of ProtexinO. 1%+Myco-ad 0.2% ) was given and group D was kept as control. The experiment was carried out at the level of 50ppb on aflatoxins. The use of probiotics and HSCAS is really beneficial in broiler production. The probiotics caused more weight gain (1925 gms. ) and better feed efficiency (F.C.R.2.2 ). On the other side, the results in case of HSCAS were really appreciating as there was controlled mortality (2.2%) acceptable weight gain (186 1.7gms.) and F.C.R.(2.13).
To use the product was also economical but in case of brobiotiscs it was uneconomical to use. The combination of both product gave very poor results which was, perhaps, due to antagonistic effect of both. The titers in group B where HSCAS was used, were found excellent ( day 28:35.2 GMT, day 35:4 1.6 GMT, day 42:46.4 GMT) as compare to control( day 28:20.8GMT, day 35:17.6 GMT, day 42:15.2GMT). So the group B (HSCAS ) gave the excellent performance in terms of weight gain, F.C.R., mortality % and remained quite protective throughout the experimentation against the N.D. disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0614,T] (1).
182.
Serodiagnosis & Chemotherapy Of Haemonchosis In Sheep & Its Effect On Various Blood Parameters
by Saeed, M | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Asif Rabbani | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present project was carried out to check the prevalence of H. contortus with Double Immuno Diffusion (DID) test and coprological technique, to test the anthelmintic efficacy of Albendazole and Levamisole and to study the effect of haemonchosis on blood parameters.
For this purpose faccal sample and blood sample from 150 naturally infected sheep were processed through coprological examination and DID test. Out of 150 animal 107 were found positive with coprological studies and 81 with DID test, so the prevalence was recorded as 71.34% and 54% respectively. Out of positively animal, 60 were divided into A, B and C groups with the heavy infection in A awl B groups. Each animal of group A was given Albendazole (Albenzole granule; Selmore) (4mg/kg) and group B was drenched Levamisole (Nayverm; Syrnans) (5mg/kg) while C group was kept as control (untreated). The efficacy of Albendazole and Levarnisole was 90.2% and 62.06% respectively.
Hematological parameters showed significant increase in haemoglobin (1-Ib) concentration and Packed cell volume (PCV) after treatment.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0615,T] (1).
183.
Comp;Arative Efficacy Of Ivermectin, Levamisole And Levamisole Plus Cobalt Against Gastro Intestinal Nematodes Of Sheep Under Field Conditions In District Kohat
by Zahir Shah | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present project was designed to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy and effect of treatment on weight gain of sheep. Fighty sheep of local breed aged 8-10 months positive for gastro-intestinal nematodes were selected from surrounding areas of district 1(ohat (N.W.F.P) and were divided into 4 groups (20 animals in each group). Group A, B and C were given Ivermectin (0.2mg/kg body s/c), Levarnisole 7.5 mg/kg body orally) and Levamisole plus Cobalt (7.5 mg/kg body weight orally) respectively and group U remained as untreated control group.
Egg per gram (EPG) of faeces were recorded on "0" day before treatment and on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after treatment.. The efficacy of these drugs were evaluated on the basis of reduction of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces after medication. These drugs showed a progressive decrease in the faecal egg counts. The percent efFicacy of Tvermectin, Levamisole and Levamisole plus Cobalt on 7th, day after medication was 100%, 98.65% and 98.73% respectively and on 14th, 21st and 28th days, the efficacy of all drugs was 100%. rIIIere was no significant difference (P<0.01) in effectiveness of the drugs.
However, there was highly significant difference (P<0.01 between treated and control groups.
The Weights of animals were recorded on "0" day before medication and on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after medication. The average weight gain in group A, B and C was 1.8kg, 2.10kg and 3.21kg respectively and the percentage of increase in live weight was 6.57% in group A, 7.63% in group B and 12% in group C. Whereas members of control group reduced their weight by 1.68kg. There was highly significant difference (P<0.01) among the treatments as well as the control group.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0616,T] (1).
184.
Comparative Efficacy Of Different General Anaesthetics With & Without Surgical Intervention In Dogs
by Faisal Ibrahim Khan | Dr.Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: These days the scope of anaesthesia is consistently increasing due to increase in surgical patients" in veterinaty practice. This change in trend is. due to the awareness of the owners to different surgical problems and their solutions. They do "not hesitate to get their animals treated with modem equipments and highly expensive medicine. To meet this challenge and demand of the owners, veterinary surgeons are taking keen interest to get the advanced knowledge and tatest information of modem equipments and their usage in veterinary practice.
In the past surgery was perfonned by making tempormy insensibility by asphyxiation, cerebral concussion by striking wooden bowl placed.over the head with a hammer and regional aneathesia was attained by compression of nerves and blood vessels of the region to he operated upon. But these days different sedative and anaesthetic agents are being used to make the animal desensitize from all extemal stimuli. These drugs are available in volatile, nonvolatile and gaseous forms. The usage of anaesthetic agent entirely depends upon the species, age, weight, temperament of the patient, nature of the operation to be perf01med, cost and availability of the drug.
In this project tlu°ee different general anaesthetics were tried in 18 animals of canine species to find out the best selection of anaesthesia with and without surgical interventions. The animals were divided into three major groups of six. animals each. These groups were designed as A, Band C. The major gronps were further divided into sub groups At, A2, Bl, B2, Cl and C2 respectively. Sub group was anaesthetized with pentothal sodium without surgery, sub groups B1 with ketamine and sub groups C1 with halothane gas anaesthesia. In sub groups A2, B2 and C2 surgical operations castration was performed with their respective general anaesthetics. The efficacy of these general anaesthetics was measured on the bases of nature of induction, recumbency period, nature of recovery, temperature, pulse TLC, TEC, PVC, Hb, ALT AST, Serum Creatinine, Serum Urea and Statistical analysis of results.
The analysis of results collected during the study clearly indicated that halothane gas anaesthesia was a better selection for anaesthetizing canine patients for minor and major surgeries.
It was concluded that halothane gas anaesthesia should he used for all types of major surgical procedures in canine practice.
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185.
Prevalence Of Gastro Intestinal Nematodes In Aquatic Birds At Lahore Zoo And Their Chemotherapy With Three Different Anthelmintics
by Ihsanullah | Dr.Iftikhar Gul ahmad | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhamad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematodes in aquatic birds at Lahore zoo and to evaluate the comparative efficacy of Albendazole (Albenzole granules; Selmore Agencies), Levamisole (Vormatox liquid; Welcome Pak. Ltd.) and piperazine (Coopane powder; Glaxo Weilcome). Ninety faecal samples were examined in Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore with direct smear method or flotation technique for identification of nematode ova. Seventy one of 90 (78.89%) were found positive for single or mixed infections of Capillaria anatis (38.89%), Trichostrongylus tenuis (26.66%), Amidostornum anseris (21.11%), Tetrameres fissispina (14.45%), Heterakis gallinae (11.11%) and Ascaridia gaul (5.56%).
Out of seventy one infected birds, 60 were chosen randomly for medication and divided into three groups, each consisting of 20 birds (A = crane group, B = duck group and C = geese group). These three groups were further divided into four sub-groups (Al, A2, A3 and A4, similarly Bi, B2, B3, B4 and Cl, C2, C3 and C4), each comprising of 5 birds.
Faecal samples of the experimental birds were examined for counting of eggs per gram of faeces on day "0" (pre-medication) with McMaster technique (Soulsby, 1982).
Albendazole was given orally to sub-groups Al, Bi and Cl, similarly Levamisole and Piperazine were given to sub-groups A2, B2, C2 and A3, B3 and C3. The sub-groups A4, B4 and C4 were kept as untreated infected controls.
Faecal egg counts were again carried out on days 7 and 14 of medication and the results were compared with control sub-groups. Regarding the efficacy of anthelmintics, piperazine was highly effective with reduction of 88.66 and 99.31 per cent eggs per gram of faeces on 7th and 14th day of medication. Levamisole was found to reduce 84.38 and 97.57% eggs per gram of faeces followed by Albendazole with 83.16 and 95.79% reduction in the eggs per gram of faeces.
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186.
Prevalence & Chemotherapy Of Ascariasis & Its Effect On Various Blood Parameters In Horses
by Saqlain Shah Bukhari | Dr.Khalid Pervez | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Prof.Dr.Muham | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: (Albendazole) was 64.95%, 52.26% and 44.02% on 7th, 14th and 21st day, respectively. Efficacy of Oxafax (Oxfendazole) was 99.18%, 98.36% and 97.95% on 7th, 14th and 21st day, respectively. Efficacy of Ivomec (Ivermectin) was 100%, 10O% and 100% on 7th, 14th and 21st day, respectively. It was concluded from above results that Ivermectin was found the most effective than Albendazole and Oxfendazole, while Oxfendazole showed better efficacy than Albendazole.
Haematological parameters showed reduction in total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb) level and packed cell volume (PCV).
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187.
Prevalence Of Nematodes & Comparative Efficacy Of Albendazole, Mebendazole & Niclosamide Against Nematodes, In Wild Felidae
by Waqar Ali Khan | Dr.Khalid Pervez | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to estimate the efficacy of Bovisol (Albendazole), Vermox (Mebendazole) and Yomesan (Niclosamide) against nematodes i.e. Toxocara canis, Toxocara mystax and Ancylosloma braziliense in wild felidae, kept in captivity in Lahore Zoo and Lucky Irani Circus, because wild felidae are prone to a number of parasitic infection and zoological gardens served as permanent source of parasitic infestation.
A survey was carried out to estimate the prevalence of Toxocara canis, Toxocara mystax and Ancvlostoma braziliense in wild felidae kept in Lahore Zoo and Lucky Irani Circus. The incidence rate of these parasites was 84.62%, 84.62% and 69.23%, respectively in the Lucky Irani Circus; and 62.07%, 48.28% and 20.69%, respectively in the Lahore Zoo. All the animals showing infection were selected for therapeutic trials.
The anthelmintic trials were conducted on 19 and 13 wild felidae kept in the Lahore Zoo and Lucky Irani Circus, respectively. In each experimental Station, i.e. the Lahore Zoo and Lucky Irani Circus, four groups designated A, B, C and D were made. Groups A, B and C were treated with Bovisol (Albendazole), Vermox (Mebendazole) and Yomesan (Niclosamide), respectively. While one group i.e. D, was kept as control (untreated). The percent efficacy of each drug was determined on the basis of reduction in the number of ova discharged in the faeces of experimental animals on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after medication.
Results showed that Vermox (Mebendazole) and Bovisol (Albendazole) are approximately equally effective against roundworms and hookworms. Efficacy of Yomesan (Niclosamide) did not show good results throughout the experiment. The efficacy of all the three anthelmintics lowered down with the passage of time.
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188.
A Clinico Coprological Study & Comparative Efficacy Of Systamex, Albendazole, Ivomec Against Nematodes
by Ghulam Hassan | Dr.Khalid Pervez | Dr.Baig | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The present project was designed to find out the incidence of nematodes and to chalk out the comparative efficacy of Systamex, Albendazole, Ivomec against naturally occurring gastrointestinal nematodes in camel under field conditions in and around Lesbela District, Balochistan. For this purpose, 60 naturally infected camels were divided into 4 groups (15 camples in each group).
Group-A Systamex (Oxafendazole; ICI-Pakistan) was given at dose rate 1 ml/8 kg body weight.
Group -B Albendazole (Star Labs.) was given at dose rate of 5mg/kg body weight.
Group - C Ivomec (Rhone-Poulenc) injection was given at dose rate 0.2 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously.
EPG in four groups of animals a day before treatment was as under:
Camels in group-A received oxfendazole treatment, mean EPG was 1760. Mean EPG values calculated on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 were 400, 280, 120 and 55, respectively. The percentage efficacy on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 was 77.27%, 84.09%, 93.18% and 98.87% respectively.
Group B was treated with Albendazole, EPG values day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 were 2130, 630, 317, 190 and 95, respectively. The percent efficacy was 70.42%, 85.11%, 91.08% and 95.54% on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 respectively.
Animals in group C were treated with Ivermectin, mean EPG value on days, 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 were 1950, 432, 285, 120 and 30, respectively. The percent efficacy was 77.85%, 85.38%, 93.85% and 98.46, respectively.
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189.
A Study On The Evaluation Of Oxytetracycline Potentiation With Citric Acid, Calcium Sulphate & Terephthalic
by Adeel Sial, M | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Kamran | Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Oxytetracycline (OTC) is administered frequently in veterinary field for the treatment of infectious diseases in large animals and small animals and in the birds. 11 is readily absorbed from the intestine by most mammals but intestinal absorption in poultry is restricted. This project was designed to get more beneficial effect of oxytetracycline in poultry by adding some potentiating substances like citric acid, terephthalic acid and calcium sulphate in the diet.
For this purpose 100 day old chicks were purchased from the local market. These were reared in the poultry house in the College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. They were provided self prepared poultry ration and water ad-lihilum for three weeks. After three weeks these birds were randomly divided into five groups A, B, C, 0 and E comprising twenty birds each. Five (lilferent experimental rations were fed for one week to each group. Group. "A" was given the ration without oxytetracycIine and was kept as control. Group "B" was given the ration with 200mg oxytetracycline per kg of ration. Similarly Group "C" was given the ration with 200mg OTC and 200mg citric acid per kg of ration. Group "I.)" and "F" were fed on ration with 5.9gm terephthalic acid (0.59%) +200mg OTC per kg of ration and 8 gm calcium sulphate (8.0%) + 200mg OTC per kg of ration respectively. The blood samples were collected at 1st, 3rd and 7th day of treatment and serum concentration of oxytetracycline was measured by using the agar well diffusion method with Bacillus subtilis using as test organism. rllhe average values of concentration of OTC in serum of group, B were 0.807±0.56, 0.897±0.63 and 0.886±0.64 on 1st, 3rd and 7th day, which indicated increase from
3rd to 7th was not significant. In group "C" the average values of OTC concentration in serum were 1.366±0.66, 1.767±0.62 and 1.657±0.67 on 1st, 3rd and 7th day respectively, which indicated that citric acid had immediate potentiating affect when mixed with oxytetracycline. however, this effect remained constant during further days of treatment. Similarly the blood serum level of OTC in group I) and E was also increased by TPA and calcium sulphate used a potentiating agents. however, these agents are not SO effective primarily as citric acid in group C.
The result of the present study suggest that oxytetracycline concentration remains constant during all the days of treatment if it is supplemented alone in ration. however, in the presence of other drugs or salts used alongwith it as potentiating agents its concentration in the blood varies according to the nature of the drug or salt incorporated.
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190.
Prevalence & Therapeutic Control Of Surra (Trypanosomiasis) In Camels In District Kech, Turbat
by Faqir Muhammad | Iftikhar Gul Ahmad, 12n (CMS) | Baig | Khalid Pervez, 25n (CMS) | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The most important protozoan disease of camels is Trypanosomiasis caused by T. evansi, brucei, I. vivax etc. But the most widespread and serious pathogenic Trypanosome of camels is T. evansi. There was little epidemiological information on the prevalence of infection and of the likely vectors of the parasite. Control of infection depends on accurate diagnosis and treatment with Trypanocidal drugs. Although only a few Trypanocidal drugs are available and there were reports of resistance, the actual extent of this was not known. So due to the economical losses, the disease became even more important and demanded further work. This study was designed to help in getting information on prevalence and therapeutic control of disease. In the study out of total 500 animals 42 were found infected with trypanosomiasis, the prevalence being 8.4 percent. With regard to the comparative efficacy of the three trypanocidal drugs, Tripasan, Berenil and trypamidium. The efficacy of Tripasan was excellent being 90% effective. The efficacy of Berenil was found somewhat less being 70% effective. This may be due to the low dosage or resistance development against the drug in the protozoan parasite. The efficacy of Trypamidium was 70% percent.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0640,T] (1).
191.
Clinico Haematological And Therapeutic Studies On Experimentally Induced Spirochaetosis In Broilers
by Ashraf Qaisrani, M | Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Haji Ahmad | Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: To final out the comparative efficacy of different control measures against Argas persicus, In-Vitro and In-Vivo studies were carried out for the in-Vitro studies three thousand soft ticks Argas Persicus at different stages of their development were used in the experiment. The ticks were divided in to 5 groups A, B, C, D and E having 600 ticks in each group. The ticks of each group (600) were further divided in to three replicates having 200 ticks in each. The ticks were maintained in small plastic boxes containing tick rearing medium at a controlled temperature of 25 Co and 60% relative humidity. The 5 treatments are applied with a small (1 liter) hand held sprayer at the rate of 20ml per box 345 cm2 surface area. The first application was made after 24 hours and repeated twice at 48 hours intervals. On day 0,3,5,7 and 10, the ticks were separated from the manure by immersing the manure in water and retrieved the ticks with the help of sieve. The ticks relating to each group were counted and the counts of each group were compared. The reduction in the counts in test groups as compared to control group A indicated the efficacy of the treatment. It was noticed by the comparative mortality of the ticks in the replicates of different groups that in mortality of ticks in Group A occurred as 6.17% in B as 67.67% in C as 70.67% , in D as 100% and in E as 71.83%. The findings of the In Vitro experiment showed that the efficacy of Tiekide was 100% and in ranking order was placed at No. 1 amongst the test groups and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) as compared to B, C and E groups. However the findings of Groups B, C and E were not significant amongst each other (P>0.05). For the In-Vivo studies, the experiment was conducted on a layer farm infested with Argus persicus. A total of 100 layers infested with Argas persicus were reared under experimental conditions on particular farm. One hundred infested birds were divided into 5 groups i.e A,B,C,D and E, each group consisting of 20 birds. The ticks of all members of the groups were counted on day 0,3,5,7 and 10. Group A acted as infested and non treated, B was treated by application of EM1 under the infested wings, C was applied EM5, D was applied Tiekide (Homoeopathic formula) under the wings the medicine was also orally administered @ 2 drops in 1 ml water and members of Group E were applied 1% solution of Ivomec (Ivermectin). The results indicated that the reduction in the mean tick counts was 95.74% in Group D which was placed at No. I, in descending order the mean tick counts reduced by 70.97% in Group E, 68.59% in Group C, 67.63% in Group B and only 1.93% in control Group A. The Tiekide was claimed to be a drug of choice.
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192.
A Study On Prevalence, Chemotherapy & Blood Parameters Of Mixed Infection Of Fascioliasis & Haemonchosis In Goat
by Jawwad Shabbir Yousafi | Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Total of 300 goats showing sign of diarrhoea and ill health were brought at Outdoor Hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore and 40 goats suffering from Fascioliasis and/or Haemonchosis were selected and divided into 4 groups i.e. A (Mixed infection of’ Fasciola and Haemonchus spp.), B (Haemonchosis), C (Fascioliasis), D (uninfected control). Faecal egg count was performed on day 0 (before treatment), day 3 and day 10 (post treatment) by MacMaster technique. lOmi of venous blood was collected in a test tube (added with 1% EUTA) from the same animals for estimation of Total serum protein, Total leucocytic count and SGPT. The results showed that Albendazole is effective against mixed and single infections of Fasciola spp. and Haemonchus app. The efficacy of drug was 96.1%, 95.32%, 98.3% and 96.8% respectively. In infected animals there was a considerable decrease in total serum protein.
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193.
Comparative Efficacy Of Melia Azadarch Linn (Neem) And Sulphaquinoxaline Sodium Against Coccidiosis And Their Effect On Haemoglobin And Total Serum Protein In Rabbits
by Wajid Mehmood | Muhammad Sarwar Khan, 15n (CMS) | Muhammad Ashraf, 64 (CMS) | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: Forty coccidia free rabbits reared at College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore were divided into 4 groups A, B, C and D. Each comprising 10 rabbits. Groups A, B and C were inoculated with 50,000 oocyst/ml/animal orally and group D was kept as control. Groups A and B were treated with Melia azadarch Linn (Neem) at the dose rate of 200 mg/kg body weight in drinking water and suiphaquinoxaline sodium at the dose rate of 1 g/l in drinking for 5 days, respectively. Main clinical signs were anorexia, emaciation, Greenish or brownish diarrhoed, sitting hunched up with its legs extended forward and postmortem lesion like Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, perimeal region is smeared with faecal material. Caecum and colon contained dark greenish or brownish faecal material.
Morbidity rate in group A, B and C was observed on day 10th, i.e. 37.5%, 10% and 100% and mortality rate was 20%, Nil and 50%, respectively. No mortality and morbidity was observed in group D. OPG (Oocyst per gram) in group A, B and C on zero day was 57,000, 55,000 and 60,500 and on 7th day was 30200, 2000 and 81500 and on
10th day 11,500, Nil and 95,000, respectively. OPG significant decrease in group B than A.
Haemoglobin estimation value and total serum protein in group A, B and C on zero day were 11.30 gIdl, 11.20 g/dl and 11.40 g/dl and 4.5 g/dl, 4.7, 4.6 gfdl, respectively. On 7th day Hb value 11.50, 12.00 and 10.80 g/dl. Total serum protein values 4.7, .2 and
4.1 g/dl on 10th day Hb values 12.00, 13.50 and 10.00 g/dl, respectively and total serum protein was 5.5, 6.3 and 3.9 g/dl, respectively. Further decrease in group C was observed during the experiment. A considerable increase in lib and total serum protein values of group B was observed than group A.
So suiphaquinoxaline sodium proved better anticoccidial drug than Melia azadarch linn (Neem).
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194.
Prevalence Of Natural Coccidiosis, Chemotherapy Of Experimental Infection And Its Effects On Various Blood
by Ayub, M | Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Haji Ahmad | Muhammad Arif Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the prevalence of a natural and experimentally induced coccidiosis on some blood parameters and its treatment with furoxone and suiphadimidine in pigeons. For prevalence a total of 300 pigeons were examined from pigeon shops and houses of pigeon owners. The faecal samples were examined by direct method. Out of these, 4Q% cases were found to be positive, whereas 54% cases were found to be negative. The highest rate of infection was Ein-ieria colunibarum during the months of July and August.
Sixty young pigeons were obtained and reared under coccidia free conditions and provided coccidiostat free feed. The pigeons were randomly divided into four groups comprising of 15 birds in each (A, B, C and 0).
Group A was infected and medicated with furoxone. Group B was infected and medicated with sulphadimidine. Group C was infected but non-medicated and group D was noninfected, non-medicated (control).
The clinical symptoms were more pronounced in group C and in those birds which were treated with sulphadimidine. The mortality rate was low and OPG was less at 8th day of medication in group A than other experimental groups.
Haemoglobin (Hb) estimation was done. Group A showed highest Hb value (11.054) at day 8th of medication, _which is very closed to value of group D (control) (11.190), which was treated with furoxone.
It is evident from the results and can be estimated that the leukocytic count rate of group A increased from the day of infection, reached maximum 35700 per ml and then started decreasing to normal.
The differential leukocytic count, lymphocytes decreased while heterophils and monocytes increased and eosinophils and basophils showed variation in their number as compared to control group.
The results of the present study indicate that furoxone is better drug than sulphadimidine for control of experimentally induced coccidiosis in pigeons.
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195.
Comparative Anthelmintic Efficacy Of Moxidectin, Ivermectin And Albendazole Against G.I.T. Nematodes Of Sheep Under Field Conditions
by Ali Abdullah Shah, M | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Haji Ahmad | Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: In this experiment comparative anthelmentic efficacy of moxidectin, ivermectin and albendazole was studied in sheep under field conditions. For this purpose, 60 sheep positive for nematodal infestation and 20 negative based on faecal examination were selected from the field. They were divided into 4 groups A, B, C & D having 20 animals in each group. Animals of group-A, B, C were medicated with moxidectin (0.2 mg I kg SIC injection), ivermectin (0.2 mg / kg S/C injection) and albendazole (5 mg / kg, orally) respectively. Animals of group-D were kept as control group. Eggs per gram of faeces were counted by McMaster technique on day 0, 7th 141h day post medication. To calculate the weight gain by these animals, weight was measured on day 0, 28th day of post medication
Based on the reduction in the number of eggs per gram of faeces, efficacy of moxidectin was estimated to be 98.65% and 99.7% on day 7 and day 14 post medication respectively. Efficacy of ivermectin was estimated to be 98.9% and 100% while that of albendazole 94.96% and 97.67% on day 7, day 14 respectively. The weight gain observed after 281h day of post medication was 1.18 kg, 1.37 kg, 1.05 kg, 0.5 kg for animals treated with moxidectin, ivermectin, albendazole and control groups respectively.
In conclusion, moxidectin and ivermectin are injectable preparations available in the market and can be used for the treatment of nematodes in sheep under field conditions in this area quite successfully.
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196.
Epidemiology And Economic Importance Of Various Diseases Of Cattle And Buffalo In Mohmand Agency (Fata)
by Said Akbar | Iftikhar Gull Ahmad | Khalid Saeed | Sajjad Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: An active surveillance study was conducted in 16-(I0%) of 1 60 villages of Mohmand Agency for one year period (June 1998 to May 1999) on epidemiology and economic importance of various diseases of cattle and buffalo. The informations were recprded on a questionnaire. Fecal samples were collected from 320 animals and sent to V.R.T, N.W.F.P. Peshawar for detection of parasite infection.
The data were analysed and the following conclusions were drawn, about the morbidity, mortality and case fatality of various diseases and their economic impact.
Black quarter disease was recorded only in cattle with an incidence rate of 42(0.83%) of 5067 in young and 179 (1.9%)out of 9427 total adult cattle population. The over all incidence was 1 .52%. The case fatality rate was 100% for all. Foot and mouth disease occurred in 14.67% young and 13.13% in adult buffalo population. In cattle the morbidity mortality and case fatality due to FMD vas recorded as 15.95%, 0.098% and 0.62% in young and 13.19%. 0.01% and 0.08% in adult cattle. Occurrence of haeniorrauic septicaemia was higher in buffalo than in cattle. In Buffalo the incidence in young and adult was 2.17% and 2.98% Case fatality was 100% for both the age groups. In cattle the incidence in adult was 0.026% with 100% fatality rate. In buffalo 16.85% young and 955% adult population was affected by endoparasite while in cattle 47.01% young and 25.34% adult population was affected.
Morbidity, mortality and case fatality of diarrhoea in young and adult buffalo was 19.02% and 12.83%, 7.06% and 0.6%, 37.14% and 4.65% respectively while in cattle these valuefor young cattle were 13.02%, 1.89% and 14.57% and in adult cattle 9%, 0.46% and 5.36% respectively. Ectoparasite affected 4.89% young and 5.07% adult buffalo population while cattle were affected by 8.82% young and 8.2 1% adults. Incidence, mortality and case fatality of milk fever in buffalo was 4.9%, 0.7% and 14.28% and in cattle 2.47%, 0.67% and 27.27% respectively, Repeat breeding occurred in 0.7% buffalo and 8.6% cattle. Incidence, mortality and case fatality of P.P. haemoglobinuria in buffalo was 1.4%, 0.35% and 25% and that in cattle 1.13%, 0.63%, and 55.8% respectively. Mastitis occurred in 9.12% buffalo and 4.55% cattle. Incidence of abortion in buffalo was 1 .4% and in cattle 2.58%. The incidence, mortality and case fatality olmetritis in buffalo was 6.66%, 1.4% and 21% and in cattle 3.38% 0.66% and 19.53%. Dystochia occurred in 2.8% buffalo and its incidence, mortality and case fatuity rates in cattle were 2.11%, 0.79, 37.5% respectively, 1.05% buffaloes and 3.73% cows retained placenta. The incidence mortality and case fatality of post-parturn prolapse in buffalo was 2.8%, 0.7% and 25% and in cattle 0.75% 0.22% and 29.8%, respectively. Anthrax occurred only in cattle with an incidence rate of 0.73% in young and 0.275% adult cattle with 100% case fatality rate in both the age groups.
Three-day-sickness affected 0.08% young and 3.28% adult cattle sudden deaths occurred 1.08% in young and 0.3% in adult buffalo and 0.24% in young and 0.17% in adult cattle. Monetary losses of Rs. 2 1650863/- annually were estimated due to various diseases of cattle and buffaloes in Mohmand Agency during one year (June 1998-May 1999).
Most of the villages are not in access to avail hospital facilities, for timely and appropriate treatment of their live - stock. Awareness about dewonning, vaccination, management and feeding of live stock was poor in the area.
Suggestions and Recommendations
The following suggestions are put forward to the live stock health and production policy maker which vi1l help in minimizing the disease prevalence in live stock and thus affect to minimize the economic loses due to these diseases.
1. Raising awareness in the farmers through mass media e.g. Radio, TV., newspapers and through extension workers about the deworming, vaccination, management, breed improvement, feeding.
2. Provision of high and appropriate quality vaccine well in time he fore an outbreak occurs.
3. Installation of new hospitals with the provision of quality health, Al. services, and diagnostic laboratories.
4. Check on import of live stock to prevent introduction of new diseases.
5. Strict enforcement of slaughter house rules to prevent spread of the diseases.
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197.
Prevalence Of Canine Babesiosis In District Lahore & Comparative Efficacy Of Different Drugs Against Naturally Infected Dogs With Babesiosis
by Haroon Ahmad | Dr.Khalid Pervaiz | Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.S.A.Jafri | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0655,T] (1).
198.
Anthelmintic Efficacy Of Moxidectin, Ivermectin And Levamisole Against Toxocara Vitulorum In Buffalo Calves
by Rahmatullah | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr.Kamran | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: hits study was conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of newly introduced drug moxideclin against Toxocara vitulorun, in buffalo calves under held conditions and to compare its efficacy and treatment cost with other anthelmintics (ivermectin atid levamisole) being used.
In this project total of 80 buffalo calves Positive for Toxocara i'itulorum. based on faecal examination, were selected from (he field, and divided randomly into four equal groups i.e. A, 13, C and 1) containing 20 animals in each. Calves of group 'A' were treated with moxidectin, group 'B' were treated with ivermectin. group 'C' were treated with levamisole and group '1)' were kept as untreated control.
Faecal samples were collected from each calf at clay zero (premedication), day 7th, day I 5th, and day 21st postmedicalion. Ffhicacy of each drug was calculated on the basis of reduction in eggs per gram of faeces.
Anthelmintic efficacy of moxidectin at (lie (lose level of 200ug / kg body weight was I 00%,efficacy of ivermectin at the close level of 200ug/kg body weight was 99.55%, and the efficacy of levamisole at the close level of 7.5mg/kg body weight was 99.035%, 21 st days post medication.
From this study it was concluded that moxiclectin and ivermectin has excellent effect against Toxocara i'lluloriun but they are much expensive while levamisole has also excellent efficacy against T vituloruni and (his drug is more economical for the farmers.
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199.
Magnitude Of Health Problems Of The Livestock Population, Serological Findings And Cost/Benefit Ratio At A Farmer Level
by Ajmal Shahid, M | Dr . Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr . Muhammad | Dr . Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: An active surveillance was conducted in 10% villages of canal irrigated, waterlogged, Idara-e-Kissan, river side and urban areas of tehsil Renalá Khurd district Okara through a questionnaire over a period of one year i.e. March, 1998 to February, 1999 to determine the magnitude of various livestock health problems.
In total buffalo population 7333 of all the strata morbidity, mortality case fatality was 57.73%, 10.07% and 17.45% while in 2635 cattle, these observation were 38.44%, 1.25% and 3.2% respectively due to various livestock problems. In 3445 goat, 1604 sheep population, the result were 27.95%, 8.06%, 28.86% and 30.17, 9.35%, 30.99% respectively. The highest incidence of haemorrhagic septicaemia 25.38% and 6.48% in young and adult buffalo population respectively was observed in river side area. Waterlogged area was next 24.38%1and 5.165% to river side while least incidence in urban area. Foot and mouth disease incidence was highest 19.28% and 22.01% respectively in young and adult buffalo along river side with no incidence in urban area. Highest. incidence of diarrhoea 11.11% in young buffalo population was observed in waterlogged area.
Similarly highest incidence of Mastitis observed was 3.07% in waterlogged area in adult cattle. The highest incidence 23.64% of FMD was observed in waterlogged areas.
Incidence of enterotoxemia in young sheep population were high 18.40% than young goat 12.35% while it was high in adult goat 10.23% than 8.99% in adult sheep.
Total economical losses due to various livestock disease was calculated R.8408067 (US$ 158642.77). The cost and benefit ratio at a farmer level was 1:2.03.
Antibodies were detected against haemorrhagic septi caem i a through IHA, in buffalo and cattle revealed that highest GMT in vaccinated buffalo and cattle was 55.69 each. These titers were also observed in affected and unvaccinated (might be as carrier) along with the recovered animals.
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200.
Comparative Efficacy Of Craniodorsal & Ventral Surgical Approaches For Femoral Head And Neck Excision In Dogs
by Aamir Aslam, Ch | Dr . Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr . Asim Aslam | Dr . Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: There are different joint problems in dogs but out of all the incidence of hip joint problems is higher. There are different problems of hip joint mainly, hip dysplasia, leg-calve-perthes disease, degenerative joint disease, irreparable fracture of acetabulum, femoral head and neck. Different methods are used as a treatment for above mentioned ailments. The methods used for such type of problems are categorized into conservative, palliative and surgical.
The surgical treatment is further divided into (1) salvage procedure i.e. femoral head and neck excision (2) total hip replacement.
The present project was launched to find out the efficacy of two approaches used for the femoral head and neck excision in dogs. The study was conducted on 18 mongrel dogs of either sex ranging in weight from 20.25 kg, which were divided into three groups of 6 dogs each.
In group A femoral head and neck excision was performed by using craniodorsal approach, whereas in group B ventral approach was used for the same procedure. Group C was kept as control in which the femoral head was luxated by using either approach. All the dogs were kept in kennels for a period of sixteen week and results were collected on the basis of clinical and radiographic evaluations. All the dogs were euthanized at the end of experimental period and operation sites were explored to find out the gross changes and also to find out the evidence of false joint formation in the muscles.
The analysis of results clearly indicated that craniodorsal approach was a better procedure than ventral approach for the femoral head and neck excision in dogs.
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