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251. Molecular Diagnosis Of Trypanosomiasis In Pet Dogs Of Lahore

by Muhammad Asif (2007-VA-460) | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Jawad Nazir.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Trypanosomaevansiis a protozoa that causes surrain a wide variety of mammals. It is widely reported in adult dogs (Rashid et al. 2008; Defontis et al. 2012). Trypanosoma evansiis utmostcommonlyexisting trypanosome in animals. It is a salivarian pathogen (Hoare. 1972). Stomoxyand Tabanidssppare menifested as mainvectors universally. Oral spreadis also reported in both wild and domestic animals (Adams and Lionnet. 1983). Since 2008, surra became obligatory not only in horses, because it has been considered as a multi-species disease by the OIE (OIE. 2008; Salim et al. 2011). Surra usually follows an acute course of infection in dogs, though it is sporadically prevalent (Ravindran et al. 2008). Outbreaks of canine trypanosomiasis have been reported in India, Iran,Brazil, and South America (Herrera et al. 2004; Morteza et al. 2007; Umezawa et al. 2009). Trypanosomaevansionly has been reported from subcontinent (Ravindran et al. 2008). Causative agent for American trypanosomiasis is Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) and African trypanosomiasis (surra or sleeping sickness) whose causative agent isTrypanosomaevansi(T.evansi).These are two forms of canine trypanosomiasis.It was originally an enzootic disease mingling in mammals and birds, which served as areservoir. The disease became zoonotic due to interaction between rural populations and natural foci, which are the results of biologicalinequity (Johns et al. 2000). Peracute to acute infections due to trypanosome result in high temperature, hemorrhages in the mucosal and serosal sides. Anemic condition of the patient is produced due to loss of RBCsfrom circulationby the mononuclear phagocytic system which is the cardinal feature of trypanosome infection.In chronic infections, anemia may be resolved due to little parasitic load in blood at capricious degrees. (Urquhart et al. 2002). Some note able signs may compriseedema of throat and head, Blindness due corneal opacity, Temperature and anorexia. Larynx may alter the voice of the dog due edema, which can complicate with rabies. Infected dogs are considered as a risk factor in household spread of the Chagas disease in humans (Cohen and Gurtler.2001). In native animals, dogs have the flankingassociation with humans; they may assumedconsiderable epidemiological importance in the perspective of public health and zoonosis. In humans,T.evansiproduce chronic pathological changes, which includes congestive cardiac insufficiency, finding of which isproblematic and can be unexploited due to multisystemic nature of the infection; it increases the need for epidemiological and experimental support. Moreover, causative agent of trypanosomiasis must beconfirmed by laboratory analysis, which can make availablesignificantprovisionwhen using suitable techniques, suitable reagents, and subsequent good laboratory practices (Eloy & Lucheis. 2009). There has been development of several compounds with value against canine trypanosomiasis, however none of these products have been produced in a large commercial scale or even accessible in the market. The apparent inaccessibility of new trypanocides in the market have continued a great challenge to the treatment of the infection. Diminazine aceturate dose of 3.5 mg/kg in T.congolense infection; 7 mg/kg inT. brucei andT. evansi(Aquinos. 2007) has shown efficacy when used to treat canine trypanosomiasis.However, treatment does not provide satisfactoryresults but only sustained the life of the dog for some reasonable period (Amora. 2004). Dogs were vaccinated with a fixed T.rangeli against canine trypanosomiasis recently (Basso et al. 2007). Experimental infections of the vaccinated dog produced disease of low parasitaemia apparently from vaccine induced immunity. Furthermore, feeding of the vaccinated dogs with the nymph stage of triatomine reduced the rate of infection in the bugs. Since dogs are the reservoir of Chagas disease in man, advances in this area could reduce the rate of infection of kissing bug which will in turn aid in the control of the disease in man (Basso et al. 2007) are necessary to establish the diagnosis.Sensitivity of direct parasitological examination is directly related to parasitic burden, biological material. The diagnosis oftrypanosomiasis is based on combination of comprehensive clinical inspection, appropriate sample collection, sample size, suitable diagnostic tests and suitable conduction of tests and logical interpretation of results. In canine trypanosomiasis where disease prevalence is great, some tests of low diagnostic sensitivity may suffice (OIE. 2008). Parasitological diagnosis could be made by microscopic inspection either of blood, lymph node or CSF of infected dogs (François et al. 2005). Pet dogs have been the companion of human being since ages, and shares the environment and belongings. Trypanosoma is found in dogs causing health problems effecting their routine activities. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of the infection is must to do for better therapeutic approach and early recovery of the animal. PCR is gold standard test for the molecular diagnosis of disease leading to quick diagnosis, early recovery and cost saving. So, regarding to disease importance and dogs domestications which is increasing day by day in and around Lahore area, we have focused this species to determine the Trypanosoma evansistatus in dogs in this area. This whole study is based on two diagnostic techniques i.e. screening through microscopic examination and confirmation of these samples via PCR with details regarding age, sex and breed association with the disease. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2259-T] (1).

252. Handbook Zoonoses : Section B / Viral Zoonoses

by Steele, James H | Beran, George W.

Edition: 1st ed.Material type: book Book Publisher: USA : CRC Press, 1981Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.959 Steele 11611 1st 1981 Parasitology] (1).

253. Handbook Zoonoses : Section B / Viral Zoonoses

by Steele,James H | Beran.

Edition: 1st ed.Material type: book Book Publisher: USA : CRC Press, 1981Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.959 Steele 11612 1st 1981 Parasitology] (1).

254. Manual of Equine Dermatology

by Reg R. Pascoe | Derek C. Knottenbelt.

Edition: 1st ed.Material type: book Book Publisher: USA : Saunders Ltd., 1999Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.1089165 Pascoe 18252 1st 1999 CMS] (1).

255. Parasitic Zoonoses

by Rathore,Veer Singh.

Edition: 2nd edMaterial type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: India : Pointer Publishers, 2007Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.959 Rathore 23837 2nd 2005 Parasitology] (1).

256. Textbook of Veterinary Parasitology

by B. B. Bhatia | K. M. L. Pathak | P. D. Juyal.

Edition: 3rdMaterial type: book Book Publisher: India: Kalyani Publisher; 2010Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 Bhatia 22966 3rd 2010 Parasitology] (28). Checked out (1).

257. Small Animal Dermatology

by Barbara A. Kummel.

Edition: 1stMaterial type: book Book Publisher: Spain: Mosby; 1994Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.08965 Kummel 15789 1st 1994 Parasitology] (1).

258. Animal Agents and Vectors of Human Disease

by Beaver, Paul Chester | Jung, Rodney Clifton.

Edition: 2nd edMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: Lea & Febiger, 1962Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 Beaver 11722 2nd 1962 CMS] (1).

259. Veterinary Parasitology

by Armour, James | Duncan, J. L | Dunn, A. M | Jennings, F. W | Urguhart, G. M.

Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 1996Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.089696 Armour 18783 2nd 1996 Parasitology] (2).

260. Georgis Parasitology for Veterinarians / 6th ed

by Bowman, Dwight D.

Edition: 6th ed.Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: China : Saunders, 1995Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.089696 Bowman 14187 6th 1995 Parasitology] (6). Checked out (1).

261. Markell & Voge's Medical Parasitology

by John, David T.

Edition: 9thMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: India: Saunders; 2006Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 616.96 David 27629 9th 2006 Parasitology] (1), UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 David 23839 9th 2006 Parasitology] (1).

262. Textbook of Medical Parasitology : Protozoology & Helminthology

by Parija, Subhash Chandra.

Edition: 2nd edMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: India: All India Publishers & Distributors; 2004Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 Parija 18067 2nd 2004 Parasitology] (4).

263. Handbook of Parasitology

by Awasthi, A. K.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: India: Wisdom Press, 2012Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 Awasthi 29142 1st 2012 Parasitology] (1).

264. Parasitic Protozoa : 2nd ed / Vol.1

by Kreier, Julius P | Baker, John R.

Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: Academic Press, 1991Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 571.31 Kreier 14993 1st 1991 Parasitology] (1).

265. Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Nematodes In Chickens Raised Under Different Poultry Production System In Muzaffar Garh Area

by Muhammad Jamil Manzoor Daha (2012-VA-823) | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Mr. Shahid Abbas.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Poultry industry is the most effective and economical source of animal protein in shortest possible time, but still it is unable to narrow down the animal protein supply and demand gap because of increasing future demands. Roundworms can cause a reduction in growth rate and damage to the intestinal mucosa, leading to blood loss and secondary infection. Heavily infected chickens may show symptoms of weight loss, droopiness, and diarrhea. Economic losses are usually associated with ascarid, Heterakis, and Capillaria, infections because of treatment cost, as well as the reduction in feed efficiency and weight gain as well as drop in egg production. Fecal samples were collected from poultry birds in different production systems , in and around district Muzaffar Garh and samples were examined by using the direct smear method, flotation technique and simple sedimentation technique. Adult worms load were examined by necropsy of dead birds fortnightly. Post mortem of dead birds during study was examined for presence of nematodes in gastro intestinal tract fortnightly from each enrolled shed in the study. The samples of adult worm found were collected for identification. During the present study four species of nematodes were identified. Ascardia galli was recovered from the small intestine, Heterakis gallinae and Subulura brumpti from the caecae . The most common gastrointestinal nematode was Ascaridia galli followed by Subulura brumpti and Heterakis gallinae. The present study has indicated that good husbandry techniques and regular deworming practices reflect markedly on the incidence and worm – burden of infected chickens Availability: No items available

266. Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Nematodes In Chickens Raised Under Different Poultry Production System In Muzaffar Garh Area

by Muhammad Jamil Manzoor Daha (2012-VA-823) | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Mr. Shahid Abbas.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Poultry industry is the most effective and economical source of animal protein in shortest possible time, but still it is unable to narrow down the animal protein supply and demand gap because of increasing future demands. Roundworms can cause a reduction in growth rate and damage to the intestinal mucosa, leading to blood loss and secondary infection. Heavily infected chickens may show symptoms of weight loss, droopiness, and diarrhea. Economic losses are usually associated with ascarid, Heterakis, and Capillaria, infections because of treatment cost, as well as the reduction in feed efficiency and weight gain as well as drop in egg production. Fecal samples were collected from poultry birds in different production systems , in and around district Muzaffar Garh and samples were examined by using the direct smear method, flotation technique and simple sedimentation technique. Adult worms load were examined by necropsy of dead birds fortnightly. Post mortem of dead birds during study was examined for presence of nematodes in gastro intestinal tract fortnightly from each enrolled shed in the study. The samples of adult worm found were collected for identification. During the present study four species of nematodes were identified. Ascardia galli was recovered from the small intestine, Heterakis gallinae and Subulura brumpti from the caecae . The most common gastrointestinal nematode was Ascaridia galli followed by Subulura brumpti and Heterakis gallinae. The present study has indicated that good husbandry techniques and regular deworming practices reflect markedly on the incidence and worm – burden of infected chickens Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2346-T] (1).

267. Regulation of Parasite Populations

by Esch, W. Gerald.

Edition: 1stMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: Academic Press, 1977Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 591.524 Esch 11049 1st 1977 Parasitology] (1).

268. Waterborne Zoonoses : Identification, Causes and Control

by Cotruvo, J | Dufour, A | Rees, G | Bartram, J | Carr, R | Cliver, D.O | Craun, G.F.

Edition: 1stMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: UK: World Health Organization, 2004Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 614.56 Cotruvo 19830 1st 2004 Parasitology] (1).

269. Foundations Of Parasitology / 5th ed

by Roberts, Larry S | Jr., John Janovy | Schmidt, Gerald D.

Edition: 5th ed.Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: Wm. C. Brown, 1996Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 591.7857 Roberts 15503 5th 1996 Parasitology] (4). Checked out (1).

270. Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals

by Samuel, William M | Pybus, Margo J | Kocan, A. Alan.

Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: Manson Publishing Ltd, 2001Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 639.964 Samuel 16513 2nd 2001 Parasitology] (3).

271. Helminthology / by N. Chowdhury

by Chowdhury, Nirmalendu | Tada, Isao.

Edition: 1st ed.Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: India: Springer, 1994Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 Chowdhury 14011 1st 1994 Parasitology] (3).

272. Monnig's Veterinary Helminthology and Entomology

by G., Lapage.

Edition: 1stMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: India: Greenworld Publishers, 2000Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 619 Lapage 15347 1st 2000 Parasitology] (1).

273. Molecular Medical Parasitology

by Marr, Joseph | Nilsen, Tim W | Komuniecki, Richard W.

Edition: 1st ed.Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: Academic Press, 2003Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 Joseph 20112 1st 2003 Parasitology] (2).

274. Entomology in Human and Animal Health

by Herms, William B | Harwood, R.F | James, Maurice T.

Edition: 7th edMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: Macmillan USA, 1979Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 614.432 William 12027 7th 1979 Parasitology] (3).

275. Medical Parasitology / 2nd ed

by Arora, D.R | Arora, B.

Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: India: CBS Publishers & Distributors, 2005Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 Arora 23841 2nd 2009 Parasitology] (2). Checked out (1).

276. Medical Parasitology / 3rd ed

by Beck, J.W | Connor, E. Barrett- | Davies, J. E.

Edition: 3rd ed.Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: Mosby, 1981Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 Beck 11422 3rd 1981 Parasitology] (1).

277. Parasitology : The Biology of Animal Parasites

by Noble, Elmer R | Noble, Glenn A.

Edition: 5th ed.Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 1982Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 591.524 Noble 12641 5th 1982 Parasitology] (2).

278. Verms and Vermitechnology

by Kumar, Arvind.

Edition: 1stMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: India: APH Publishing Corporation, 2005Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 592.64 Kumar 18011 1st 2005 Parasitology] (1).

279. The Immunology of Host-Ectoparasitic Arthropod Relationships

by Wikel, Stephen K.

Edition: 1st edMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: UK: CABI, 1996Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96079 Wike 18090 1st 1996 Parasitology] (1).

280. A Hand Book of Common Parasitic Diseases of the Livestock for Field Veterinarians

by Henry, Robert J | Henry, Robert J.

Edition: 1stMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: India: IBDC Publishers, 2013Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.9041 Henry 29323 1st 2013 Parasitology] (1).

281. Veterinary Parasitology

by Elsheikha, Hany | Patterson, Jon S.

Edition: 1st ed.Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: CRC Press; 2013Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.089696 Elsheikha 29175 1st 2013 Parasitology] (1).

282. Parasitic Protozoa : Gregarines, Haemogregarines, Coccidia, Plasmodia and Haemoproteids : Vol.3

by Kreier, Julius P.

Edition: 1stMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: Academic Press Inc, 1977Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 571.31 Kreier 11477 Vol.3 1977 Parasitology] (1).

283. Advances in Parasitology / Vol.56

by Baker, John R | Muller, Ralph | Rollinson, David.

Edition: 1st ed.Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: USA: Academic Press, 2004Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 577.857 Baker 20837 Vol.56 2004 Parasitology] (1).

284. New Strategies in Parasitology : Frontiers of Infectious Diseases

by McAdam, Keith P.W.J.

Edition: 1st edMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: UK: Churchill Livingstone; 1989Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 McAdam 12992 1st 1989 Parasitology] (1).

285. Analytical Parasitology

by Rogan, Michael T.

Edition: 1stMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: Germany: Springer; 1997Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 Rogan 15056 1st 1997 Parasitology] (1).

286. Animal Parasitology

by Smyth, J. D.

Edition: 1stMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: UK: Cambridge University Press, 1996Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 Smyth 13863 1st 1996 Parasitology] (4).

287. Biology of Parasites

by Soulsby, E J.

Edition: 1stMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: Academic Press, 1966Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.089696 Soulsby 7080 1st 1966 Parasitology] (1).

288. Medical Parasitology

by Bhatia, Rajesh.

Edition: 1stMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2002Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 Bhatia 16335 1st 2002 Parasitology] (1).

289. Handbook of Entomological Terms

by Ashfaq, Muhammad.

Edition: 1stMaterial type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: Lahore: Pak Book; 1998Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 595.7 Ashfaq 14439 1st 1998 Parasitology] (1).

290. Introduction to Parasitology / 9th ed

by Chandler, M.S.

Edition: 9th EdMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1955Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 161.96 Chandler 6480 9th 1955 Parasitology] (3).

291. Allergy and Allergic Diseases : The New Mechanisms and Therapeutics

by Denburg, Judah A.

Edition: 1stMaterial type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: Humana Press, 1998Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.97 Denburg 19308 1st 1998 Parasitology] (1).

292. Crustacean Farming : Ranching and Culture

by Wickins, John F | Lee, Daniel O'C.

Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2002Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 639.5 Wickins 18853 2nd 2002 Parasitology] (1).

293. Parasites of Laboratory Animals

by Flynn, Robert J.

Edition: 1st ed.Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: Iowa State Press, 1973Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0885 Flynn 10785 1st 1973 Parasitology] (1).

294. Fundamentals of Parasitic Zoonoses

by Dr. K. M. L. Pathak.

Edition: 1stMaterial type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: India: Kalyani Publishers; 2004Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 Pathak 23024 1st 2004 Parasitology] (1).

295. Practicals and Viva in Medical Parasitology

by Rakesh, Sehgal.

Edition: 1stMaterial type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: India: Elsevier; 2003Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 Sehgal 16317 1st 2003 Parasitology] (1).

296. A Guide to Human Parasitology

by Davey, T. H.

Edition: 8thMaterial type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: Uk: H.K. Lewis; 1966Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 Davey 10179 8th 1966 Parasitology] (1).

297. Medical Parasitology

by Ichhpujani, Rattan Lal | Medical Parasitology.

Edition: 1stMaterial type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: India: Jaypee Brothers; 1994Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 Bhatia 14017 1st 1994 Parasitology] (2). Checked out (1).

298. Protozoa and Human Disease

by Wiser, Mark F.

Edition: 1st ed.Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: USA: Garland Science, 2011Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 362.196936 Wiser 25085 1st 2011 Parasitology] (1).

299. Medical Parasitology

by Ichhpujani, Rattan Lal | Medical Parasitology.

Edition: 3rdMaterial type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: India: Jaypee Brothers; 2002Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96 Bhatia 14861 1st 2002 Parasitology] (1).

300. Immunity to Parasites : How Parasitic Infections are Controlled

by Wakelin, Derek.

Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: UK: Cambridge University Press, 1996Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.96079 Wakelin 14359 2nd 1996 Parasitology] (2).



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