551.
Robbins basic pathology
by Kumar, Vinay | Kumar | Kumar, Vinay.
Edition: 1st:Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Solar: New Delhi: 2006Availability: No items available
552.
Thomson's special veterinary pathology
by William W. Carlton, DVN, Phd.
Edition: 2nd/ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: U.K: 1988Availability: No items available
553.
Hematology
by Williams, William | Williams | Williams, William.
Edition: 1st/ed.Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.15 William 11501 1st Pathology] (1).
554.
Tashkhesi Medical Test
by Zaheer Ahmad Anjum.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Takhliqat; 2007Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.07 Zaheer 21191 1st 2007 Pathology] (1).
555.
A Comparative Study Of Non-Antibiotic Feed Additives On Experimental Colonization Of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteridis And Intestinal Pathomorphology In Broiler Chickens
by Adeem Rehman Raffie (2010-VA-233) | Prof. Dr. Asim Aslam | Dr. Muhammad Yasin Tipu | Dr. Imran Altaf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: The utility of antimicrobial agents as a preventive measure has been questioned, given extensive documentation of the evolution of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria. Non-antibiotic feed additives (probiotics, prebiotics, essential oils and organic acids) are being considered to fill this gap and already a few farmers in the country are using them with good results. The present study enable us to understand and compare the beneficial effects of non-antibiotic feed additives on salmonella enterica colonization and changes in intestinal morphology.
This study is designed to evaluate the effect of non-antibiotic feed additives on salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis colonization in intestine of broilers chickens and compare the intestinal morphology between normal healthy, non-antibiotic feed additives supplemented and salmonella challenged broiler chickens.
A total of 125 commercial day-old broiler chicks were procured from the local market. The chicks were divided into six groups A (Basal diet, negative control group), B (Challenge + Basal diet, positive control group), C (probiotic + Challenge + Basal diet), D (prebiotic + Challenge + Basal diet), E (essential oils + Challenge + Basal diet) and F (organic acids + Challenge + Basal diet) with 20 chicks in each group and given separate treatments.
Two separate experiments were carried out for salmonella recovery from cecal tonsils and intestinal pathomorphic evaluation. Villus length, villus width, villus surface area and crypt depth were measured by micrometery. The collected data from both experiments was analyzed using the statistical technique of comparing more than two groups i.e. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) through SPSS 16.0.
Summary
45
There was an overall increase in all the parameters of intestinal morphometric analysis for all the treatment groups except for the control negative group which showed lowest values. Maximum villus height of 1794.2±63.96 μm in duodenum was achieved by group E, which was given essential oils. Whereas maximum villus surface area index of 1662.6±389.16 mm2 was recorded in group D, which was treated with prebiotics. Maximum villus height of 940.35±23.96 μm and surface area index of 568.92±36.27 mm2 in ileum mucosa was recorded in group D, treated with prebiotic. . Recoverable salmonella was most reduced by probiotics and organic acids.
Final results show that there is an overall increase in histological parameters of the mucosa of duodenum and ileum in the groups fed non-antibiotics feed additives as compared with control groups. Prebiotics showed the maximum positive effects in histological parameters whereas probiotics showed maximum positive effect for decreased recoverable salmonella count. Hence this study suggests that a combination of non-antibiotic feed additives will be beneficial for the intestinal health of broiler chickens but there is a need for more research on combinations of non-antibiotic feed additives. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2844-T] (1).
556.
Pathological Studies On Contagiouscaprine Pleuropneumonia In Small Ruminants Of District Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
by Hamid Niaz (2008-VA-163) | Dr. Muti Ur Rehman | Dr. Gulbeena Saleem | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: These experiments presented the pathological studies on Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Distract Dera Ismail Khan at Govt. slaughter house through gross pathology, hematology, competitive ELISA, histopathology and molecular identification (PCR). For this purpose the blood and tissue samples were collected from contagious caprine pleuropneumonia suspect at govt slaughter house Dera Ismail Khan. On the basis of clinical examination, the animals were showing the elevated temperature, nasal discharge, painful cough, dyspnea and weakness.
On postmortem examination the lungs showed congestion and marbled appearance (Figure no 4.1). There was straw color pleural fluid in the chest cavity (Figure no 4.2). Total of 50 samples 25 blood and tissue samples of sheep and 25 blood and tissue samples of goat were collected for the different parameters of the study. The hematology was performed at SEENA Lab in Distract Dera Ismail Khan. The hematology data was further compared and analyzed by using statistical analysis (independent t-Test). RBCs values of positive and negative cases of CCPP in goats were 9.50±0.27 and 3.15±0.39respectively. There is significant difference (p<0.05) between positive and negative cases of CCPP in goats regarding RBCs values. WBCs values of positive and negative cases of CCPP in goats were 8.31±0.38 and 17.19±1.22respectively. There is significant difference (p<0.05) between positive and negative cases of CCPP in goats regarding WBCs values. PCV values of positive and negative cases of CCPP in goats were 4.03±.63 and 17.11±1.5respectively. There is significant difference (p<0.05) between positive and negative cases of CCPP in goats regarding PCV values. The MCH values of positive and negative cases of CCPP in goats were 110±30.6and 7.65±1.01 respectively.So there was
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2843-T] (1).
557.
A Study On Point Prevalence, Etiological And Biochemical Investigations Of Post Parturient Haemoglobinuria In Buffaloes In Tehsil Bhalwal
by Muhammad Azeem (2015-VA-430) | Dr. Muti-ur-Rehman Khan | Prof. Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr. Shafqat Fatima Rehmani.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Post-parturient haemoglobinuria is a disease of great economic importance of sub-continent affecting a large number of buffaloes. It is characterized by intravascular hemolysis, haemoglobinemia, haemoglobinuria ultimately leading to anemia. The exact pathogenesis is yet unknown as there are many diversified etiological factors have been associated with this disease. All the relevant information is relatively scanty. Consequently present study has been aimed to study all possible risk factors associated with this disease in tehsil Bhalwal of district Sargodha where a large number of increasing cases were reported by the local governmental body. Etiological, hematological and biochemical risk factors were quantified to facilitate control measures and upcoming research priorities.
This study was conducted from the period of about 4 months from November 2016 to February 2017. Cross-sectional epidemiological observations were documented on hemoglobinuric and healthy buffaloes for hematological and biochemical study related to parturient haemoglobinuria. The sample size was determined to three hundred and eighty four animals.Present study was observed during the period of four months (November 2016 to February 2017). Out of 384, forty animals (n=40) were confirmed with post parturient hemoglobinuria. The point prevalence observed during the period of four months was 10.4%.
Buffaloes showing signs of hemoglobinuria along with parturition history, pale mucous membranes, mild tachycardia and dyspnoea was assumed as affected with post-parturient haemoglobinuria while animals suffering from other problems like babesiosis causing red urine were omitted from the study after verification of diagnosis through giemsa staining. The blood samples were processed for haematological analysis for the final confirmation of positive
haemoglobinuric buffaloes. Blood sample collected and placed in EDTA vacutainerswas processed for hematology to study hemoglobin (Hgb) values, total erythrocytes count (TEC), erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) and hematocrit (Hct), total leukocyte count (TLC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in addition to mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) by using haematological analyzer. Haematological analysis of all the samples was made from Department of Pathology, UVAS, Lahore.Serum samples of all buffaloes were analyzed for biochemical analysis asalkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum urea, glucose,bilirubin, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, copper, and molybdenum. Moreover, urinalysis was done for gross and biochemical analysis.
Results of the study revealed significant difference among complete blood count (CBC) includingHgb, TEC, Hct and TLC, ESR, MCV and MCH. However, there was no significant variation among MCHC values in affected buffaloes. Serum biochemistry also revealed significant difference of various parameters including ALP, creatinine,BUN, total bilirubin, phosphorus, copper and molybdenum. However, no significant difference was detected among the healthy and affected groups regarding blood glucose and serum calcium levels. There was significant elevation in pulse and respiration rates in buffaloes affected with hemoglobinuria.
The results regarding mineral analysis of the soil shows significant difference in phosphorus and copper. Moreover, mineral levels of soil and serum of animals showed significant relation of phosphorus levels, followed by the levels of molybdenum. Calcium and copper levels also showed moderate relationship.
Observations regarding parity/lactation number reveal the highest incidence rate of 35% among buffaloes at 3rd lactation, followed by buffaloes at 4th, 2nd, 5th, 1st and 6th lactation, respectively. Milk production showed direct relationship with buffaloes affected with post parturient hemoglobinuria.
From the present study, it is concluded thathemoglobinuria was observed in buffaloes of tehsil Bhalwal may be due to variation of soil composition particularly the deficiency of Phosphorus which may lead to the lysis of erythrocytes and hemoglobinuria through various pathways. However, efficient replenishment of minerals content in fodder producing soil is necessary to overcome the disease in buffaloes affecting from parturient hemoglobinuria in the aforementioned area.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2847-T] (1).
558.
Genetic Polymorphism Of Mdr1 Gene (Abcb1) Associated With Drug Resistance In Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
by Abid Saeed Malik (2013-VA-844) | Dr. Gulbeena Saleem.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: The increasing number of leukemia patients, especially in developing countries like Pakistan is mounting pressure on health care facilities. Chemotherapy is the first line treatment for cancers. Despite its efficacy, stratification modalities fall a part due to the tumer cells that are drug resistant. Therefore the choice of induction depends on the mechanism of action of drug at cellular target but also on transport system which is regulated by the membrane embedded P-glycoprotein, a product of ABCB1 gene. Polymorphisms in ABCB1 gene are belived to be the one possible cause of drug resistance in cancers.
In this study, genetic variants in ABCB1 gene in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia are identified. Polymorphism is the phenomenon that changes the course of DNA sequences and discriminates between individuals by the replacement of a single nucleotide at a locus in a gene. It can be an allele, present normally in a population or may be due to the insertions or deletion of a certain portion in a DNA molecule. These polymorphisms are accumulated in our genome through generations in history of mankind. It is commonly found at a frequency of 1 every 600 bases in all individuals. The genetic variants that are commonly found in a population or a group of individuals are known to be the wild type. The significance of SNP depends on its location in a gene. A variant present in the promoter region may have its importance as marker for the phenotype of a cell. As compared to these functional SNPs there are silent variants that may slow down the translation in a specific location to allow the peptide chain to bend into an unusual conformational effect. (Kimchi-Sarfaty et al, 2007).
Multi drug resistance ABCB1 1199G>A, 1236C>T, 2677G>A/T and 3435C>T are the locus of ABCB1 gene that encodes the P-glycoprotein, that is known to have its major role in cellular transport across the membrane. Many researchers have studied the polymorphisms in ABCB1 gene and most reported is 3435CT with a relationship to leukemia with variant results to chemotherapy (Efferth et al, 2003) and in a study it was found in association with a lower event free survival/overall survival (Jamroziak et al, 2005).
In this research study thirty nine patients and forty two controls were genotyped for polymorphism successfully, twenty two were male and seventeen female children, <15 years of age with median of 4.7 years for patients and 4.9 years for controls.Patients were diagnosed with precursor B-cell or T-Cell ALL in children who visited Children Hospital during the August 2016 till November 2016. The patients were excluded only when they were found missing or left without medical advice or due to lack of incomplete results or poor quality of DNA. The remaining thirty nine patients were eligible and admitted for the treatment and follow-ups. The patients were stratified according to the risk groups and Regimen they may assigned according to the criteria as mentioned in Table No: 4.6.
Genotyping of ABCB1 1199G>A (rs2229109), 1236C>T (rs1128503), 2677G>A/T (rs 2032582), 3435C>T (rs1045642) and c.1308A>T were determined using allele specific tetra-primer ARMS-PCR method. SNPs were analyzed by using the DNA markers for the corresponding allelic bands in Agarose gel electrophoresis (3%). The results are then analyzed statistically.
SPSS and SHEsis online software was used for the statistical analysis ofLinkage disequilibrium, Haplotype analysis (Figures: 4.27, 4.28)conducted for loci 1199G>A, 1236C>T, 3435C>T and 1308A>T of ABCB1 gene against control with same loci, using chi square with p<0.05 considered significant for these Haplotype groups. Result shows that genotypes CC/CT/TT, GG/GT/TT and CC/CT/TT of 1236C>T, 2677G>T & 3435C>T ABCB1 gene polymorphisms in this case control study are statistically significant (p<0.05) and haplotypes TTT & CTC are in consistent with individual tolerance to the choice of anticancer drug and hence aspire the concept of personalized medicine.In this research study, patients follow up with a status of “Not in Remission”are therefore believed to be the drug resistant. Polymorphisms in ABCB1 gene and anticancer therapies need to be a future study course to evaluate the scenario on a large scale.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2846-T] (1).
559.
Identification And Molecular Characterization Of Mycobacterium Bovis And Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis In Wild Cats.
by Zianab Tariq (2010-VA-234) | Dr. Muhammad Yasin Tipu | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhary | Prof. Dr. Aftab Ahmed Anjum.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Cases of wildlife diseased with Mycobacterium species are existing in Pakistan and result in high morbidity and mortality. Vaccine is the only preventive measure, but in wildlife the vaccine administration is a strenuous job. In Pakistan vaccination practice is not up to the mark and vaccination schedules are not being followed. Mycobacterial diseases have gain popularity due to their zoonotic effect. Scat samples from Lahore Safari Zoo and Lahore Zoo were collected and properly labelled. Conventional PCR along with Touchdown PCR was done using universal primer sets of M. bovis and M. paratuberculosis. The amplicons were run on agarose gel and the bands were observed under Gel Doc system.
The objective of the study was to detect the currently prevailing Mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in wild cats in Pakistan.
However the results obtained from different kinds of PCR were negative, showing that the wild cat population of Lahore Zoo Safari as well as Lahore Zoo were free from Mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2845-T] (1).
560.
The Development of Science Based Guideline for Laboratory Animal Care
by National Research Council.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA NATIONAL ACADEMIC PRESS 2004Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.089075 NRC 2620BB 1st 2004 Pathology] (1).
561.
Histopathological And Biochemical Evaluation Of Chemical Castration In Rabbits
by Hadia Uzair (2010-VA-205) | Prof Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry | Dr. Ghulam Mustafa | Dr. Muhammad Zubair Shabbir.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Overpopulation of companion animals accounts for millions of deaths, billions of spending and hundreds of serious bites to humans each year. In order to cope this over growing population of stray animals, several sterilization programs have been devised.
Rabbits will be subjected to intra-testicular 10% and 20% calcium chloride solution. Clinical observation and testicular volume measurement will be done on weekly basis throughout the study. Blood and testicles (by orchiectomy) will be collected after every 10 days, hematology and histopathology be done thereafter. Serum testosterone would be quantified by using radioimmunoassay to assess testicular function according to standard protocol.
In our study, the efficacy of injecting intra-testicular calcium chloride solution in alcohol, was compared for chemical-sterilization in 24 adult rabbits. 10% and 20 % solution of calcium chloride were administered, intra-testicularly in testicle bilaterally which were removed, with the open technique surgically after 30 days, these harvested testicles are than evaluated histopathologically. Serum testosterone was quantified by using radioimmunoassay to assess testicular function according to standard protocol .Blood picture of the rabbits was also observed for any clinical and subclinical complication.
Swelling of testicles was marked in both groups following injection of 10% and 20% calcium chloride and within 48 hours swelling reached to its maximum level. Though volume of the testicles reduced significantly treated group after three weeks of treatment. Treated testicles with calcium chloride underwent atrophy at the 30th day in studied experimental group, with no noticeable modification in control group. Testosterone level dropped significantly even after 15 days of post injection and on 30th day testosterone activity seems to be diminished.
Summary
62
The method is considered as applicable with no major adverse effects in general health of the animal. Results were considered satisfactory and this method can be applied as mass scale particularly, where the feasibility of surgical castration doesn’t exist. Extensive necrosis, sloughing off epithelium, infarction following fibrosis of tissue, shrinkage and germ cell apoptosis are presumed to be due to calcium chloride. In our study; severe diffuse necrosis of tubular structure along with progressive degrees of inflammatory response were observed as a main finding Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2851-T] (1).
562.
Pathological Effects Of Natural And Experimental Lead (Pb) Toxicity In Lohi Sheep At Jhang, Pakistan
by Muhammad Sajid (2010VA-61) | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Younus | Dr. Muti ur Rehman Khan | Prof. Dr. Aftab Ahmed Anjum.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Heavy metal toxicity is increasing due to increasing trends of urbanization and
industrialization. Lead poisoning has been recognized as a major public health risk,
particularly in developing countries. It is nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, carcinogenic
and mutagenic for animals and human. Sewerage water, fertilizers, leaded-gasoline and lead
based batteries are the sources of lead contamination in soil and forage. The lead particles are
taken up by animals from contaminated forages and excreted in animal products like milk and
meat.
The presence of Pb in drinking water, waste water, plant products and animal
products has been studied which is a serious risk for animal and public health. The
legislations for the disposal of household wastes and industrial effluents are very poor in
Pakistan. The calculation of safe Pb levels in different products is still to be needed.
Pathological effects of higher Pb levels have not been studied in Pakistan. The present study
was aimed to unveil the toxic effects at constant dose of Pb over a period of three months in a
local sheep breed of Pakistan. The status of Pb toxicity was also investigated in a polluted
area around sewage drain and mutton slaughter house at District Jhang, Pakistan.
The Pb concentration in soil, forage and irrigating water was found to be below the
permissible limits and was safe for agriculture but long-term ingestion of low Pb
concentration may have cumulative effect. The serum Pb concentration was found to be
above the recommended safe limits for producing Pb toxicity in animals. The different tissues
like kidney, liver and skeletal muscles also contained higher Pb level from the permissible
limits and found to be unsafe for public use. Kidney showed the highest Pb concentration and
the muscle contained the least Pb level in the present study.
Summary
142
The erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume showed
inverse correlation with Pb concentration and mean values were below the normal range in
Pb treated sheep but anemia was not developed. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was also
influenced by given dose of lead acetate during third month of treatment. The white blood
cells also revealed no effect on given dose of lead acetate in Lohi sheep in this study.
The biochemical parameters of field and treatment group showed higher concentration
as compared to control group of Lohi sheep but their means were falling within the normal
range of reference values. The disturbed biochemical parameters in apparently healthy sheep
with higher serum Pb concentration were indicative for liver and kidney damage.
Lohi sheep exhibited less effect on given dose of lead acetate during first two months
but more pronounced changes of chronic Pb toxicity were observed during last month of trial.
The histological changes were not observed on early period in lead acetated treated sheep.
The characteristic histological changes were observed on last slaughtering at day 90 in kidney
and liver including degeneration and focal areas of necrosis, dilatation of blood vessels with
accumulation of red blood cells and fibrosis in some areas. The nuclear changes were more
typical with intranuclear inclusion bodies in renal tubular epithelial cells but less
distinguishable in hepatocytes.
It was concluded that soil, forage and water contained low Pb levels in the study area.
The ingestion of low Pb level for longer period had cumulative effect in animals. The animals
might be resistant to low Pb level but their products are a severe risk for public health. So the
necessary measures should be adopted to minimize the heavy metal contamination in animal
products. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2820-T] (1).
563.
Koneman's Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology / 7th ed.
by Procop, Gary W.
Edition: 7th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: China: Wolter Kluwers; 2017Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.9041 Procop 32318 7th 2017 Pathology] (1).
564.
Detection Of Genetic Variants In Interferon Gamma Gene And Its Association With Resistance Against Mycobacterium Bovis In Buffalo
by Awais Nawaz (2010-VA-219) | Prof. Dr. Asim Aslam | Dr. Muhammad Yasin Tipu | Dr. Jawad Nazir.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Bovine Tuberculosis (bovine TB) is a chronic disease of animals and has been known for the significant zoonotic impact. Immune mechanisms necessary for protection against Bovine TB are poorly understood. Interferon-γ cytokine has been reported critically and it is important to study its role in immunity against Bovine TB.
Blood samples were collected from 100 Animals from Peri-urban areas of Lahore, Gujranwala and Okara, Pakistan. Genomic DNA was extracted from the samples. Specific primers were designed to amplify specific portion of IFN-γ gene. Amplified products were sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics tools. Interferon-γ assay was performed from blood collected in heparin coated vacutainers for the quantification of interferon-γ cytokine in different groups of animals. Blood samples from mycobacterium infected symptomatic and symptomatic animals were processed in Haematology analyzer for complete blood count.
Genetic sequencing of bovine Interferon gamma gene (IFN- γ) help in finding out the Genetic Variations to characterize its role in resistance against Mycobacterium bovis infection. This study help in finding out the confirmed markers for natural resistance against bovine TB that can be used in future selection and breeding programmes. The comparison of hematological values and Interferon gamma level of different groups of animals help us for the detailed diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.
The collected data from hematological analysis of Mycobacterium infected symptomatic animals (Group A), Mycobacterium infected asymptomatic animals (Group B) and non-infected animals/control Group (Group C) was analyzed using the statistical technique of comparing more than two groups i.e. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), One way ANOVA through SPSS 16.0.
CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY
Summary
71
Mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were found non-significant (p>0.05). White blood cells, Lymphocytes, Platelets, Mean platelet volume and Mean corpuscular volume were found significant (p<0.05). Granulocytes, Red blood cells and Red cell distribution width values were found highly significant.
Interferon gamma assay provided confirmation about the presence of disease in the animals by indicating interferon gamma level to insight the undergoing pathogenesis which was helpful in the detailed diagnosis of the disease. Later on it helped us in the confirmation of false positive results by Tuberculin test.
Final results revealed four intronic variations in different groups of animals. Three of them were found in Group A and B and one was found in Group C (non-infected animals) by Primer 1 (P1). Intronic variations don’t have significant effect but they may have an impact on the regulation of the gene.
We found Transversions (T > A), (A > T), (T > G) were found in mycobacterium infected symptomatic group of animals (Table: 4.7). Transversion (C > G) at and deletion (G >_) was found in this group and exclusive presence of these SNP’s in this group can be considered significant and responsible for the infection. Transversion (A > C) and addition (_ > G) were found in mycobacterium infected asymptomatic group of animals. These two SNP’s are significant as they have been found only in this group. We can infer that the presence of these two SNP's is responsible for the infection along with making them asymptomatic towards the disease.
It was noted that Transition (G > A), (T > C) has been found common in mycobacterium infected symptomatic and asymptomatic group of animals. This common mutation at same position in both groups is quite significant and could be attributed to the occurrence of disease.
Summary Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2881-T] (1).
565.
Pathobiological Investigations Of Peste Des Petits Ruminants (Ppr) Virus With Reference To Antiviral Activity Of Nigella Sativa (Black Seed)
by Kiran Aqil (2008-VA-456) | Dr. Muti Ur Rehman Khan | Prof. Dr. Asim Aslam | Dr. Aqeel Javeed.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious, infectious, acute or sub-acute transboundary viral disease of domestic and wild small ruminants. It is an economically important viral disease of sheep and goats causing varying degree of morbidity and mortality in susceptible animals which may be as high as 100 and 90 per cent, respectively. PPR is responsible for serious socioeconomic problems. There is no data available regarding pathogenesis and field virus characterization to compare it with vaccinal strain for any difference. Nigella sativa(Black Seed) has antiviral activity against many viruses. Therefore present studywas undertaken to investigate the antiviral effect of Black Seed in vivo and in vitro against PPR virus. Further more time course detection of virus is still needed to be studied.
Nigella sativa (Black seed) has antiviral activity against PPR virus.
Pathogenesis can better be studied through histopathology, necropcy findings and morphometric changes.
A total of 250 clinically positive samples suspected for PPR virus were included in the study. Samples were consisted of nasal, ocular and anal swabs; whole blood in EDTA were collected from suspected animals. In case of mortality morbid material included lungs, liver, spleen and mysenteric lymph nodes were included in the study. Samples were subjected to immune capture Elisa for detection of viral antigen in suspected samples. Samples which found positive foe IC – Elisa were then subjected to RT-PCR for confirmation of virus. After confirmation of virus through IC – Elisa and RT-PCR the positive samples were subjected to virus isolation on vero cell. After isolation of virus, the TCID 50 of the virus was calculated for preparation of inoculum for further use. In this experiment mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen found to be major organ for isolation of PPRV.RT-PCR found to be most reliable and confirmatory diagnostic test for PPRV. Field Virus adaptation on vero cells found to be difficult to optimize.
In this experiment antiviral activity of black seed was checked on vero cells infected with PPRV. Three extracts of N. Sativa were prepared to check the in vitro antiviral activity of black seed. In this study poly saccharides extracted from black seed found to be more effective against PPRV. Adaptation of field virus was done on Vero cell line. Antiviral activity of Black Seed extract was determined in vitro on Vero cell on bases of CPE (Cytopathic effect). The ethanolic and aqueous extract were found to be more toxic to consistency of monolayer of vero cells. The TCID50 of virus was calculated after treating cells with different extracts. In this study poly saccharides extract exhibit lower TCID50‘s as compared to ethanolic and aqueous extract which showed higher TCID50’s.So less cytopethic effect was observed in vero cells treated with black seed extracts. Antiviral activity was determined on base of CPE.
Pathogenesis of virus in natural host was studied through time course detection of virus in body secretions, blood, organs. Histopathological changes were studied.20 goats were procured from market divided into four groups (n=5) A,B,C and D. In animals of group A prophylactic effect of N.Sativa was studied. In group B complete pathogenesis of PPR virus was studied without any prophylactic or therapeutic measure. In group C therapeutic effect of N. Sativa was studied after onset of clinical picture of disease. At the end of this experiment, clinical picture, gross pathology, histopathology, and morphometric changes revealed that N. Sativa has noticeable prophylactic effect on PPR infected goats. It can be used as a therapeutic agent in PPR infected goats but it can’t control pathological effect of virus after onset of infection.
SUMMARY
130
Data collected were statistically analyzed by using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Excel, 2007) and SPSS (for Windows, Version 16.0). The data were put the descriptive analysis and Chi square test was employed to test the significance and test of hypotheses
It was concluded that Black Seed therapy possessed marvelous prophylective effect against PPR virus and RT-PCR was the most efficient methodology to confirm the virus. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2890-T] (1).
566.
Pathological Association Of Nramp 1 Genotypes With Brucella Resistance And Susceptibility In Diseased And Non Diseased Cattle
by Muhammad Zaheer Iqbal (2005-VA-61) | Dr. Raheela Akhtar | Prof. Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: A total of 200 cattle were divided into five groups including: Group A Sahiwal cattle, Group B Jersy cattle, Group C Frisian cattle, group D Sahiwal cross Jersy and group E Sahiwal cross Frisian. Out of total of 200 serum samples from suspected cattle we found 155 samples positive by RBPT and 109 were positive for Brucella abortus by PCR. Comparison of presence of Brucella abortus was statically made in all five groups using chi square.
The study was conducted on 200 animals of five breeds including Sahiwal, Jersey Cross Sahiwal, Frisian Cross Sahiwal, Fresian and Jersey around farms of Punjab. Blood sample (3mL) was collected in EDTA vaccutainers from each animal. Serum from blood samples were collected in 3 mL eppendorf tubes with the help of sterile pipettes. Serum samples were screened out for brucellosis by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). RBPT positive samples were stored at 40C for further processing. Rose Bengal Antigen was purchased from Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Lahore. The antigen was stored at 40C in refrigeration during the study according to manufactures recommendation. DNA quantification was performed on “Thermo Scientific NanoDrop spectrophotometer ND-2000” and by running extracted DNA on 0.8% agarose gel. PCR for amplification was done with a total volume of 20 μL by adding primer pair and extracted DNA to the PCR master mix in following concentrations.
2ml of forward and reverse primer was taken respectively. 4ul of PCR grade water was added and DNA was taken in 2 ul quantity. The total volume of master mix obtained was 10 ul. The thermocycler (Bio-Rad, CFX ™, Singapore) was set with the conditions for the total of 35 cycles of PCR. For optimization process of primers different options for PCR reaction mixture
Summary
41
and PCR cyclic conditions were tried for two objectives. To get maximum amplification, by using minimum volume of chemicals. Changing the volume of magnesium chloride, deoxynucleotide triphosphate (d NTPs) and Taq polymerase, amplification can be increased. Primers annealing temperature is considered critical for optimization.
Denaturation of DNA samples were performed at 94 0C for 5minutes. Annealing step was performed at 63 0C for 30 second. Then, initial extension of DNA samples was conducted at 72 0C for 30 second. Finally, extension was performed at 72 0C for 5 minutes to get results. The PCR product was confirmed by running the PCR product on 0.8 % agarose gel electrophoresis was performed at 100 Volts for 30 minutes. The NRAMP1 gene encodes a divalent cation transporter, located in the phagolysosomal membrane of macrophages, which has been associated with resistance to intracellular pathogens. In cattle, natural resistance against brucellosis has been associated with polymorphisms at the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of the NRAMP1 gene, which are detectable by single-strand conformational analysis (SSCA).
Genetic selection of domestic animals resistant to pathogens has been applied mostly to farm
animals, particularly cattle. Identification of genes linked to natural resistance may allow for a
better understanding of natural resistance with obvious practical implications. These genes may
also function as markers for prediction of genetic resistance against specific diseases.
Recommendations:
From this study we concluded that Nramp1BB gene is resistant to brucellosis, while Nramp1 AA is susceptible to brucellosis.
Summary
42
By gene knock out technique breeds resistant to brucellosis can be produced.
Criss Crasper technique can be used for gene knock out process. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2953-T] (1).
567.
Comparative Pathological Association Of Slc11a1 (Nramp1) Gene With Susceptibility And Resistance To Brucellosis In Local Pakistani Buffaloes
by Azmat Ullah (2015-VA-1057) | Dr. Raheela Akhtar | Dr. Muti Ur Rehman | Dr. Hassan Saleem.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Nearly 32.7 million population of buffaloes present in Pakistan which makes about 15% of the world buffalo population. For water buffaloes Brucellosis is a pricey disease (Bubalus bubalis). In Pakistan 5 known breeds of buffalos are; Ravi, Nili, Kundi Nili-Ravi and Aza Kheli. The study was conducted on 200 animals of two breeds including Nilli-Ravi and Kundi around farms of Punjab. 200 serum samples from two breeds were screened for brucellosis. Dormant infections and lengthy incubation of the pathogens bounded the effectiveness of programs based upon the elimination of infected animals. As comparative genomics is playing a pivotal role in the genetic dissection of complex traits such as infectious diseases resistance using this information we can oppressed for disease resistance with genetic choice as a method to the regulator of brucellosis in our local breeds such as Nili-Ravi buffalo. Blood sample (5mL) was collected in EDTA vacutainers from each animal. Serum from blood samples were collected in 3 mL eppendorf tubes with the help of sterile pipettes. Serum samples were screened out for brucellosis by Rose Bengal Plate Tetst (RBPT). Rose Bengal Antigen was purchased from Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Lahore. The antigen was stored at 40C in refrigeration during the study according to manufactures recommendation. DNA quantification was performed on “Thermo Scientific NanoDrop spectrophotometer ND-2000” and by running extracted DNA on 0.8% agarose gel. Nanodrop spectrophotometer provides direct and easy measurements within a 5 second only by using just a pipette and wipe. PCR for amplification was done with a total volume of 20μl by adding primer pair and extracted DNA to the PCR master mix in following concentrations. 2μl of forward and reverse primer was taken respectively. 4 μl of PCR grade water was added and DNA was taken in 2 μl
Summary
32
Quantity. The total volume of master mix obtained was 10 μl. The thermocycler (Bio-Rad, CFX ™, Singapore) was set with the conditions for the total of 35 cycles of PCR. Initial denaturation of DNA samples were performed at 940 C for 5minutes. Then in 2nd cycle denaturation was performed at 94 0C for 30 seconds. Annealing step was performed at 63 0C for 30 second. Then, initial extension of DNA samples was conducted at 720 C for 30 second. Finally, extension was performed at 720 C for 5 minutes to get results. The PCR product was confirmed by running the PCR product on 1.5 % Agarose gel electrophoresis was performed at 110 Volts for 30 minutes. In Nilli-Ravi, among 12 positive samples by PCR, 08 were found resistance to brucellosis through sequencing study of Nramp 1 BB, only one sample was found to be susceptible to brucellosis through genotypic study of Nramp1 AA and 3 samples were found to be neutral may be susceptible or resistance to brucellosis. In Kundi, among 38 positive samples by PCR, 03 were found resistance to brucellosis through sequencing study of Nramp 1 BB, and 6 sample were found to be susceptible to brucellosis through genotypic study of Nramp1 AA and 29 samples were found to be neutral may be susceptible or resistance to brucellosis. This research clearly demonstrates that Kundi is more susceptible to brucellosis then Nilli-Ravi. Conclusion: We concluded that Nilli-Ravi is more resistant to brucellosis as compare to Kundi breed Natural resistance against brucellosis in cattle is linked to the Nramp 1 gene. Polymorphisms at the bovine Nramp 1 3/ untranslated region (3 UTR) are associated with natural resistance against brucellosis. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2952-T] (1).
568.
Comparative Pathological Association Of Slc11a1 (Nramp1) Gene With Susceptibility And Resistance To Brucellosis In Local Pakistani Buffaloes
by Azmat Ullah(2015-VA-1067) | Dr.Raheela Akhtar.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Nearly 32.7 million population of buffaloes present in Pakistan which makes about 15% of the world buffalo population. For water buffaloes Brucellosis is a pricey disease (Bubalus bubalis). In Pakistan 5 known breeds of buffalos are; Ravi, Nili, Kundi Nili-Ravi and Aza Kheli. The study was conducted on 200 animals of two breeds including Nilli-Ravi and Kundi around farms of Punjab. 200 serum samples from two breeds were screened for brucellosis. Dormant infections and lengthy incubation of the pathogens bounded the effectiveness of programs based upon the elimination of infected animals. As comparative genomics is playing a pivotal role in the genetic dissection of complex traits such as infectious diseases resistance using this information we can oppressed for disease resistance with genetic choice as a method to the regulator of brucellosis in our local breeds such as Nili-Ravi buffalo. Blood sample (5mL) was collected in EDTA vacutainers from each animal. Serum from blood samples were collected in 3 mL eppendorf tubes with the help of sterile pipettes. Serum samples were screened out for brucellosis by Rose Bengal Plate Tetst (RBPT). Rose Bengal Antigen was purchased from Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Lahore. The antigen was stored at 40C in refrigeration during the study according to manufactures recommendation. DNA quantification was performed on “Thermo Scientific NanoDrop spectrophotometer ND-2000” and by running extracted DNA on 0.8% agarose gel. Nanodrop spectrophotometer provides direct and easy measurements within a 5 second only by using just a pipette and wipe. PCR for amplification was done with a total volume of 20μl by adding primer pair and extracted DNA to the PCR master mix in following concentrations. 2μl of forward and reverse primer was taken respectively. 4 μl of PCR grade water was added and DNA was taken in 2 μl
Summary
32
Quantity. The total volume of master mix obtained was 10 μl. The thermocycler (Bio-Rad, CFX ™, Singapore) was set with the conditions for the total of 35 cycles of PCR. Initial denaturation of DNA samples were performed at 940 C for 5minutes. Then in 2nd cycle denaturation was performed at 94 0C for 30 seconds. Annealing step was performed at 63 0C for 30 second. Then, initial extension of DNA samples was conducted at 720 C for 30 second. Finally, extension was performed at 720 C for 5 minutes to get results. The PCR product was confirmed by running the PCR product on 1.5 % Agarose gel electrophoresis was performed at 110 Volts for 30 minutes. In Nilli-Ravi, among 12 positive samples by PCR, 08 were found resistance to brucellosis through sequencing study of Nramp 1 BB, only one sample was found to be susceptible to brucellosis through genotypic study of Nramp1 AA and 3 samples were found to be neutral may be susceptible or resistance to brucellosis. In Kundi, among 38 positive samples by PCR, 03 were found resistance to brucellosis through sequencing study of Nramp 1 BB, and 6 sample were found to be susceptible to brucellosis through genotypic study of Nramp1 AA and 29 samples were found to be neutral may be susceptible or resistance to brucellosis. This research clearly demonstrates that Kundi is more susceptible to brucellosis then Nilli-Ravi. Conclusion: We concluded that Nilli-Ravi is more resistant to brucellosis as compare to Kundi breed Natural resistance against brucellosis in cattle is linked to the Nramp 1 gene. Polymorphisms at the bovine Nramp 1 3/ untranslated region (3 UTR) are associated with natural resistance against brucellosis. Availability: No items available
569.
Pathological Association Of Nramp 1 Genotypes With Brucella Resistance And Susceptibility In Diseased And Non Diseased Cattle
by Muhammad Zaheer Iqbal(2005-VA-61) | Dr.Raheela Akhtar.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: A total of 200 cattle were divided into five groups including: Group A Sahiwal cattle, Group B Jersy cattle, Group C Frisian cattle, group D Sahiwal cross Jersy and group E Sahiwal cross Frisian. Out of total of 200 serum samples from suspected cattle we found 155 samples positive by RBPT and 109 were positive for Brucella abortus by PCR. Comparison of presence of Brucella abortus was statically made in all five groups using chi square.
The study was conducted on 200 animals of five breeds including Sahiwal, Jersey Cross Sahiwal, Frisian Cross Sahiwal, Fresian and Jersey around farms of Punjab. Blood sample (3mL) was collected in EDTA vaccutainers from each animal. Serum from blood samples were collected in 3 mL eppendorf tubes with the help of sterile pipettes. Serum samples were screened out for brucellosis by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). RBPT positive samples were stored at 40C for further processing. Rose Bengal Antigen was purchased from Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Lahore. The antigen was stored at 40C in refrigeration during the study according to manufactures recommendation. DNA quantification was performed on “Thermo Scientific NanoDrop spectrophotometer ND-2000” and by running extracted DNA on 0.8% agarose gel. PCR for amplification was done with a total volume of 20 μL by adding primer pair and extracted DNA to the PCR master mix in following concentrations.
2ml of forward and reverse primer was taken respectively. 4ul of PCR grade water was added and DNA was taken in 2 ul quantity. The total volume of master mix obtained was 10 ul. The thermocycler (Bio-Rad, CFX ™, Singapore) was set with the conditions for the total of 35 cycles of PCR. For optimization process of primers different options for PCR reaction mixture
Summary
41
and PCR cyclic conditions were tried for two objectives. To get maximum amplification, by using minimum volume of chemicals. Changing the volume of magnesium chloride, deoxynucleotide triphosphate (d NTPs) and Taq polymerase, amplification can be increased. Primers annealing temperature is considered critical for optimization.
Denaturation of DNA samples were performed at 94 0C for 5minutes. Annealing step was performed at 63 0C for 30 second. Then, initial extension of DNA samples was conducted at 72 0C for 30 second. Finally, extension was performed at 72 0C for 5 minutes to get results. The PCR product was confirmed by running the PCR product on 0.8 % agarose gel electrophoresis was performed at 100 Volts for 30 minutes. The NRAMP1 gene encodes a divalent cation transporter, located in the phagolysosomal membrane of macrophages, which has been associated with resistance to intracellular pathogens. In cattle, natural resistance against brucellosis has been associated with polymorphisms at the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of the NRAMP1 gene, which are detectable by single-strand conformational analysis (SSCA).
Genetic selection of domestic animals resistant to pathogens has been applied mostly to farm
animals, particularly cattle. Identification of genes linked to natural resistance may allow for a
better understanding of natural resistance with obvious practical implications. These genes may
also function as markers for prediction of genetic resistance against specific diseases.
Recommendations:
From this study we concluded that Nramp1BB gene is resistant to brucellosis, while Nramp1 AA is susceptible to brucellosis.
Summary
42
By gene knock out technique breeds resistant to brucellosis can be produced.
Criss Crasper technique can be used for gene knock out process Availability: No items available
570.
Diseases of the Goat
by Matthews, John G.
Edition: 4th ed.Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form: Publisher: Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.390896 Matthews 32602 4th 2016 Livestock] (1).
571.
District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries
by Cheesbrough, Moica.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Noida: Cambridge; 2018Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.075 Cheesbrough 32722 1st 2018 Pathology] (1).
572.
Tumor Diagnosis Manual
by AAAP.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: New York The American Association of Avian Pathologists 2010Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.994 AAAP 32699 1st 2010 Pathology] (1).
573.
A Laboartory Manual for the Isolation, Identification, and charactrization of Avian Pathogens
by AAAP.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: New York: The American Association of Avian Pathologists 2016Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.994 AAAP 32701 1st 2016 Pathology] (1).
574.
Avian Disease Manual
by AAAP.
Edition: 7thMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: New York: The American Association of Avian Pathologists 2013Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.994 AAAP 32698 7th 2013 Pathology] (1).
575.
A Practical Guide for Managing Risk in Poultry Production
by AAAP.
Edition: 2ndMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: New York: The American Association of Avian Pathologists 2017Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.994 AAAP 32700 2nd 2017 Pathology] (1).
576.
Robbins and Carton Pthology Basic of Disease
by Kumar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1962Availability: No items available Checked out (1).
577.
A textbook of Veterinary General Pathology
by Vegad,J.L.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: New Delhi International Book Distribution Company 2012Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.089607 Vegad 13845 2012 Pathology] (1).
578.
Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease
by Kumar.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2004Availability: No items available Checked out (1).
579.
A Textbook of Systemic Pathology
by Vegard.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2003Availability: No items available Checked out (1).
580.
Molecular Plant Pathology
by Dickinson M.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA Bios 2008Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 631 Dickinson 50071 1st 2008 Botany] (1).
581.
Mechanisms of disease : a textbook of comparative general pathology
by Slauson, David O | Cooper, Barry J.
Edition: 1st ed. Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA: Williams & Wilkins; 1982Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.089607 Slauson 13227 1st 1982 Pathology] (1).
582.
Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science / Vol.3
by Hau, Jann | Schapiro, Steven J.
Edition: 3rd ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA: CRC Press; 2014Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0885 Jann 32893 3rd.Vol.3 2014 Pathology] (1).
583.
Basic of Pathology and Disease
by Nagi, A.H.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Allied Book Co 2012Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.07076 Nagi 33125 1st 2012 Pathology] (1).
584.
Fundamentals of laboratory animal science
by Liu, Enqi | Fan, Jianglin.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA: CRC press; 2018Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.0273 Liu 33086 1st 2018 Pathology] (1).
585.
Undergraduate Pathology and Parasitology
by Maiti, S.P.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Kolkata Books and Allied; 2013Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.607 Maiti 33060 1st 2013 Parasitology] (1).
586.
Nasal Tumors in animals and Man
by Reznik, Gerd.
Edition: 1st,v.IMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: New York CRC Press 2018Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.9942107 Reznik 33359 1st,v.II 2018 Pathology] (1).
587.
BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Clinical Pathology
by Villiers Elizabeth.
Edition: 3rd ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: UK: BSAVA; 2016Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.7089607 Villiers 32995 3rd 2016 Pathology] (1).
588.
Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits
by Percy Dean H | Barthold Stephen W | Griffey Stephen M.
Edition: 4th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: UK: Wiley Blackwell; 2016Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.932 Percy 33042 4th 2016 Pathology] (1).
589.
Pathology of Domestic Animals
by Maxie,Grant M.
Edition: 6th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: China, Elsevier; 2016Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.089607 Maxie 50446 6th vol 1 2016 Pathology] (3).
590.
Pathology Illustrated
by Roberts,Fiona.
Edition: 8th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Poland, Elsevier, 2018Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.089075 Roberts 50432 8th 2018 Pathology] (2).
591.
Veterinary Laboratory Medicine
by Kkerr Morag G | Pathology.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA: Blackwell Science; 1996Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.08960756 Kerr 14907 2nd 2002 Pathology] (1).
592.
Diagnostic Methods in Veterinary Medicine
by Boddie, George F.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2000Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0896075 Boddie 14883 2000 Pathology] (1).
593.
Pathologic Basis of Disease
by Kumar Vinay.
Edition: 7th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: India: Saunders; 2004Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.07 Kumar 17032 7th 2004 Pathology] (1).
594.
Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease
by Zachary James F.
Edition: 6th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: China: Elsevier; 2017Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.089 Zachary 33561 6th 2017 Pathology] (3).
595.
Duncan & Prasse's Veterinary Laboratory Medicine Clinical Pathology
by Latimer Kenneth S.
Edition: 5th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.089'607 Latimer 33569 5th 2011 Pathology] (3).
596.
Pathology of Domestic Animals
by Maxie M. Grant.
Edition: 6th ed. Vol.IMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: China: Elsevier, 2016Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.089 Maxie 6th Vol.I 33589 2016 Pathology] (3).
597.
Robbins Basic Pathology
by Kumar | Abbas | Aster.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: New Delhi: Elsevier, 2018Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.07 Kumar 1st 33592 2018 Pathology] (1). Checked out (1).
598.
Robbins Basic Pathology
by Kumar | Abbas | Aster.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: New Delhi: Elsevier, 2018Availability: No items available
599.
Basics of Pathology and Disease: Core General Pathology, Microbiology and immunology.
by Nagi A.H.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Allied Book Company, 2012Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.07076 Nagi 1st 33594 2012 Pathology] (1).
600.
Color Atlas of Veterinary Pathology
by Van Dijk J.E | Gruys E | V.M. Mouwen J.M.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Spain: Saunders Elsevier, 2007Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0896070222 Van 2nd 33595 2007 Pathology] (1).
