51.
Induction Of Ovulatory Oestrus In Non Cycling Buffalo Heifers During Summer
by Iqbal Rahim | Dr. Kazim Raza Chohan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Aleem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Late maturity in buffalo is one of the major problem which limits its overall productive and reproductive performance. Summer anoestrus plays role to delay the onset of puberty. The present study was therefore conducted to induce oestrus in non-cycling buffalo heifers during summer. Eighteen healthy non-cycling buffalo heifers with 431.38±41.5 kg body weight and 1190.44±170.92 days of age were utilized. These animals were randomly divided into three equal groups viz; group A, B and C; each comprising of 6 animals. Heifers in group A were inserted an ear implant containing (3 mg norgestomet) for 9 days and an injection of oestradiol valerate at implant insertion. At implant withdrawal 700 IU of PMSG was administered intramuscularly. Later these animals were inseminated twice at 12 and 20 hours after the onset of oestrus. The heifers in group B were given 2 injections of 500 pg cloprotenol (2 cc estrumate) at 11 days interval and were given fixed time insemination at 72 and 96 hours after second injection. The heifers in group C received no treatment and served as controls. The animals in oestrus from group C were inseminated at 12 and 20 hours after the onset of oestrus. The rectal palpation was performed for ovarian structures twice in a week for two consecutive weeks and at oestrus for follicular development and on day 8 and 10 after oestrus for corpus luteum. Pregnancy was diagnosed on day 60 post insemination. Blood samples were collected on day 8 and 10 after oestrus for progesterone estimation. Progesterone concentration was estimated by enzyme immuno assay technique. All the heifers in group A exhibited oestrus within 49.83 ± 12.65 hours; after PMSG injection. No animal from group B exhibited oestrus whereas only one heifers from control group C exhibited oestrus. The duration of oestrus in buffalo heifers treated with Norgestomet ear implant was 18.00 ± 0.30 hours. The only heifer from group C remained in oestrus for 20 hours. Only one animal (16.66%) conceived at induced oestrus in group A. None of the animal from group B and C became pregnant. Progesterone levels were found to be indicative of ovarian activity in experimental animals. Plasma progesterone concentration of 0.61 ± 0.16 ng/ml was observed on day 8 and 10 in animals showing inovulatory oestrus from group A whereas progesterone values of 5.2 and 0.7 ng/ml were observed in ovulating animals, exhibiting the presence of active corpus luteum. Low progesterone levels of 0.62 ± 0.17 ng/ml were observed in heifers from group B showing the non functional status of the ovarian. Plasma progesterone levels of 5.2 and 7.5 ng/ml was observed on day 8 and 10 after insemination in the only heifers from the control group C. The remaining 5 animals were having smooth ovaries with basal levels of plasma progesterone (0.53_+ 0.9ng/ml). In conculsion Norgestome treatment was found to be effective for induction of oestrus in buffalo heifers during summer. However studies whoud be undertaken to determine the reasons of lower conception rate. Prostaglandin (PGF2a) treatment was found ineffective in noncycling true anoestrus buffalo heifers.
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52.
Reproductive Performance Of Crossbred Cows
by Rafique, M | MR. Kazimaraza Chohan | Dr. Muhammad Aleem | Mr. M. Sarwar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Data on 2290 breeding records of 709 Hoistein-Friesian x Sahiwal (H x S) crossbred cows of various exotic inheritance levels maintained at Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadurnagar, Okara during 1974-1993 were used in this study. The data were analysed to estimate the magnitude of different reproductive traits, i.e age at maturity, age at first conception, age at first calving, number of services per conception, postpartum oestrus interval, service period, calving interval, dry period, gestation period, conception rate and reproductive efficiency.
The least squares means in various genetic groups of H x S for age at maturity, age at first conception and age at first calving were 618.42 ± 6.78, 697.51 ± 8.03 and 987.85 ± 7.85 days, respectively. The means for postpartum oestrus interval and service period were 95.62 ± 6.66 and 152.43 ± 8.14 days, respectively. The mean for number of services averaged 2.24 ± 0.09. The gestation period was 283.39 ± 0.59 days, whereas the calving interval was 445.43 ± 8.67 days. The mean for dry period was 160.71 ± 7.48 days. The conception rate and reproductive efficiency averaged 53.67 and 82.48 ± 1.42 percent, respectively.
The effect of year of birth on age at maturity, age at first conception and age first calving (H x S) was highly significant (P < 0.01). The effect of genetic group on age at maturity, age at first calving was also highly significant ( P<0.10). The effect of season of birth was significant (P<0.05) for age at maturity, while non-significant results were obtained for age at first conception and age at first calving.
The number of services per conception differed significantly (P<O.O1) due to year of calving, season of calving and genetic groups. The parity had no effect on number of services per conception. The effect of year of calving and season of calving was significant (P<O.O1) for postpartum oestrus interval and service period, while the genetic group had non-significant effect on these parameters. The effect of parity was also significant (P<0.01) for postpartum oestrus interval and service period. The service period was (139.18 ± 9.31 days) in crossbred cows calving during autumn season and longest (162.24 ± 9.78 days) in summer calvers. The postpartum oestrus interval was longest (105.59 ± 7.45 days) in winter calvers and shortest (87.34 ± 7.63 days) in cows calving in autumn season.
The effect of year of calving, season of calving, lactation number (parity) had significant effect (P<0.01) on gestation period and calving interval while the genetic group had no significant effect on' both of these traits. The cows calved during autumn showed shorter (428.94 ± 9.89 days) calving interval as compared to those calved in summer (456.17 ± 10.42 days).
The effect of year of calving, season of calving, parity and genetic groups was significant on dry period. The 1/2 F4 (H x S) cows had minimum (124.40 ± 19.05 days) dry period while 1/4 (H x S) showed the maximum (196.72 ± 14.76 days) dry period.
The effect of season of calving was significant (P< 0.05) on reproductive efficiency while the year of calving and genetic group of the cow had non-significant effect on reproductive efficiency. The cows calved during summer showed lower (78.26 ± 2.02 %) reproductive efficiency while the cows calved in autumn or winter season had higher (84.20 ± 2.37 %) reproductive efficiency.
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53.
Effect Of Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (Gnrh) On Post Partum Ovarian Activity In Nili Ravi Buffaloes
by Akhlaq Tabassam | Dr. Muhammad Aleem | Dr. Kazim Raza Chohan | Dr. Khalid | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Sixteen pluriparus Nili-Ravi buffaloes at 30-35 days postpartum were used. These buffaloes were randomly divided into 2 groups i.e. viz A and B GnRH treated and control group (n=8). A group received single injection of 200jg GnRH and B group served as control. Blood sample were collected on the days 0 (first day of experiment) 4 and 8 of the experiment.
At day 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 in control and treated groups the average size of follicles were 0.91±0.12 and 1.2±0.28 1.1±0.2 cm, 0.6±0.2 cm and 1.9±0.2, 0.37±0.17cm 1.87±0.3, 1.36±0.27, 1.4±0.24, 1.37±0.22, 1.35±0.24, 1.26±2.0 cm respectively. The average number of follicles in GnRH treated and control buffaloes were 1.5±0.17, 1.62±0.16, 1.5±0.21, 0.62±0.32, 1.5±0.3 and 0.37±0.17, 1.5±0.18, 1.5±0.18, 1.75±0.16, 1.36±0.15, 1.37±0.27, 1.25±0.18 at day 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 respectively. Two animal from treated group responded to GnRH and showed a rise in serum progesterone concentration 0.81, 3.40, 3.44 and .101, 2.93, 3.00 ng/ml at day 0, 4 and 8 respectively. One animal from control group showed a rise in P4 at day 4 only
In GnRH group animal exhibited oestrus during 76.5±6.31 days of postpartum. In control group animal exhibited oestrus at 89.7±7.32 days of postpartum. From the present study it is concluded that GnRH treatment at 35 days postpartum can initiate cyclic ovarian activity, and GnRH can be used for luteinization of large follicle present on the ovary\ reduction in calving interval and postpartum interval to oestrus.
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54.
Induction Of Oestrus In Non Cycling Nili Ravi Buffalo Heifers
by Hafeez Khan, A | Dr. Kazim Raza Chohan | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Twenty one non-cycling Nili-Ravi buffalo hcifers with mean (± S.E) age of 31.71 ± 1.32 months and body weight of 417.61 ± 11.26 Kg were randomly divided into three equal groups. Animals in group A were injected 700 IU PMSG intramuscularly. Whereas, animals in group B (n=7) were treated with 1400 IU of PMSG. Animals in group C (n7) were administered 2 CC normal saline, which served as controls. Animals in oestrus were naturally bred with progeny tested bulls. Blood samples were collected before treatment, at oestrus and 10 days after oestrus for plasma progesterone estimation. Rectal palpations were done before treatment, at oestrus, 10 days after oestrus for ovarian structures and on day 60 post breeding for pregnancy diagnosis.
All the buffalo heifers in group A and B exhibited oestrus following treatment with 700 and 1400 IU of PMSG. Three animals from group C (42.85%) showed oestrus. The time from treatment to the onset of oestrus differed non significantly and was 6.14 ± 0.56, 6.00 ± 0.45 and 6.66 ± 0.47 days for groups A, B and C, respectively. No difference was observed towards expression of oestrus symptoms with varying doses of PMSG. The behavioural symptoms and physical changes i.e. frequent urination, acceptance to male, vulvalar sniffing of other females or allowing others to sniff, mucus discharge, vulvalar swelling and uterine tone were found indicative of oestrus in experimental heifers. The duration of oestrus also differed non significantly among the groups. This duration was 22.00 ± 2.01; 27.71 ± 1 .67 and 19.66 ± 0.98 hours for groups A, B and C, respectively.
Three animals from group A (n=7) conceived at induced oestrus. Whereas, no heifer from group B setteled at induced oestrus. Four animals showed next oestrus and two of them conceived. Three animals from group C exhibited oestrus and one of them conceived, rest of the animals remained non cyclic. The overall conception rates were 42.85, 28.57 and 14.28 percent for groups A, B and C, respectively.
Progesterone levels were found representative of ovarian activity in all the groups. Basal levels (> 0.5 ng/ml) of plasma progesterone were observed with smooth ovaries. Higher values for plasma progesterone ranging between 0.95 ± 0.02 to 5.68 ± 0.22 ng/ml were observed in cycling and pregnant animals reprsenting functional corpus lutuem.
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55.
Comparison Of Two Methods Of Estrus Synchronization In Sahiwal Cows
by Dawar Hameed Mughal | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Dr. Kazim Raza Chohan | Prof. Dr | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: A total of 24 Sahiwal cows were selected for this study and randomly divided into two groups viz A and
B. Group A cows were injected two injections of prostaglandin F2 intramuscularly without palpation 11 days apart, while the other group involved the veterinarian skill for detection of palpable corpus luteum and only single injection of prostaglandin was given in all the cows. The cows were artificially inseminated on the basis of standing heat 12 hours after the detection of heat. Estrus detection was made by teasing, behavioural symptoms, physical changes and rectal palpation. 91.66% and 83.33% cows from A and B groups respectively responded to the treatment. This response was slightly greater in cows of group A than group B. Interval to the onset of estrus after treatment was found non-significant (P>O.05) in both group cows. The length of estrus in group A was 21.54±1.65 hours whereas it was 19±0.88 hours in group
B. The difference in the length of estrus among the two groups was statistically non-significant (P>0.05). The conception rate of both groups was found to be 54.54% and 50% respectively, which was slightly higher than the second group. The mucus characteristics of both the groups were noted and 81.81% and 70% cows were found having typical fern like pattern and discharged clear (Transparent) mucus. No one cow having atypical fern pattern and cloudy discharge of mucus conceived. The behavioural signs and the physical changes were recorded. There was little difference in behavioural symptoms and physical changes among the groups. In group B the behavioural symptoms and physical changes were slightly more pronounced as compared to group A. The cost per animal for group A and B was 303 rupees and 276.50 rupees, economically group B technique seems to be profitable to the farmers, and by adopting this technique one can save money.
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56.
A Comparative Study On Reproductive Performance Of Friesian Cows, Due To Variable Environmental Influences,
by Rafique Tareen, M | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmed Chaudhary | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The breeding records of 200 Friesian cows collected during 1977 to 1995 at Govt. Dairy Farm Quetta and 1983 to 1995 at Pishin, Balochistan were analysed. The parameters of reproductive performance like age at puberty, age at first calving, conception rate, service period, gestation period, calving interval, dry period and reproductive efficiency were determined. An effort was made to study the influence of the environmental factors on the reproductive traits.
The overall average age at puberty for 200 cows (150 heifer at Quetta and 50 heifers at Pishin) was 684.21±11.91 days at Quetta and 662.51±3.90 days at Pishin. Season of birth had highly significant effect on the maturity age. Winter born heifers matured earlier as compared to those born in other seasons. The data indicated that cows at Pishin matured earlier than that heifers at Quetta.
The age at first calving averaged 978.01 ± 17.39 days at Quetta and 958.90±16.311 clays at Pishin with range from 501-1100 days.
The overall average conception rate was 48.93% at Quetta and 50.33% at Pishin. The service period of cows at Pishin averaged 88.90±4.30 days and at Quetta, 81.30±3.3 days. Minimum service period was observed after Winter and maximum after Summer calving at Quetta. At Pishin minimum service period after Spring and maximum service period after Winter. The overall average length of calving interval was 464.20±4.9 days at Quetta and 361.11±38.00 days at Pishin.
Highly significant (P <0.05) difference in calving interval were recorded between Farms. Longest calving interval 374.50 days after Summer to Autumn calving and shorter calving interval 351.90 days after Spring calving were observed at Govt. dairy farm Quetta, but at Pishin longest calving interval 365.00 days after Autumn calving and shorter calving interval 356.10 were found days after Spring calving respectively. The dry period of Holstein Friesian averaged 69.7 ±2.9 days at Quetta and 65 ±3.50 days at Pishin. The result was highly significantly due to Farm difference. The overall reproductive efficiency of Holstein Friesian cows maintained at Govt. Dairy Farm, Quetta and Pishin, was 81±1.00% and 83±1.25%, respectively.
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57.
Seasonal Variation In Breeding Patterns Of Buffalo In Punjab
by Col. Ahmed Khan | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. Muhammed | Prof.Dr. Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: Buffalo plays a pivotal role in the economy of poor and landless farmers. Seasonal calving trend of buffalo has caused shortage of milk during the Summer season when it is required more. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of season on reproductive and productive traits of buffaloes.
In this project Artificial Insemination data of 5 Districts of Central Punjab and breeding data of the Livestock Experimental Station, Rakh Dera Chahi, Lahore were used. Analysis of variance was applied to study the effect of season on Artificial Insemination and Farm data.
Data analysis indicated a significant effect of season on breeding, fertility and calving. Both Artificial Insemination and Farm data indicated high (P<0.05) breeding trend during Autumn and Winter season. Fertility were significantly (P<0.05) low during Autumn. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of calving season on the calving interval and milk production.
The conclusion revealed that the provision of ideal management, avoiding the extreme weather conditions, ensuring the availability of balanced adequate ration throughout the year and protection from other stresses of diseases etc., it may be possible to derive all the productive and reproductive traits from this versatile animal round the year without any significant effect of the various seasons.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0489,T] (1).
58.
Comparative Efficacy Of Cloprostenol, Estradial And Gentamycine For The Treatment Of Endometritis In Buffaloes
by Chaudhry, Shafiq, M | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: This study was designed to compare the efficacy of Cloprostenol, EstradioJ and Gentamycine for the treatment of endometritis in buffaloes.
Eighty buffaloes suffering from endometritis were selected amongst the animals brought for A.J. on repeat breeding at different A.I. Center/Sub-Centres in Lahore and Gujranwala city. After detailed gyanaecological examination animals were randomly divided into four treatment groups. Twenty buffaloes in group A were injected 500 ig of Cloprostenol (Estrumate). On day 8 of the oestrus cycle and cured animals were inseminated at the following oestrus. Twenty buffaloes in group B were given 3 intrauterine infusion of stilbestrol. On day 3, 5 and 7 of the oestrus cycle and cured animals were inseminated at the following oestrus. Twenty buffaloes in group C were given single dose of gentamycine (intrauterine infusion) on the day of the oestrus cycle and cured animals were inseminated at the following oestrus. Twenty buffaloes in group D served as control and were inseminated without giving any treatment. After two months all the animals were rectally palpated for pregnancy diagnosis. Seventy animals were tested for pregnancy diagnosis. While others were later transferred to untraceable places. The percent curative and conception rate observed in Cloprostenol treated group 'A' were 65% and 58.33% respectively similarly in group B Stilboestrol treated animals the curative rate was 75% and conception rate was 64.28%. In group 'C', the animals treated with Gentamycine, the curative and conception rate were observed 45% and 42.85%. In control group 'D' only 35.71% animals were conceived after insemination.
On the basis of curative and conception rates Stilboestrol was found better than Cloprostenol and Gentamycine for the treatment of endometritis buffaloes. The cost of treatment with stilboestrol is lower compared with Cloprostenol and Gentamycine. On the other hand a certain degree of invonvience remains with Stilboestrol therapy as intrauterine infusion demands special skill.
It is concluded that Stilbestrol and Cloprostenol results were signficanly higher as compared to treated with Gentamycine and control group.
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59.
Progesterone And Lh Profile Of Nili Ravi Buffaloes In Low Breeding Season
by Rizwan Nasr Cheema | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Prof. Dr | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: In this project the main objective was to determine the oestrus activity of buffaloes during low breeding season. Out of six buffaloes 3 showed oestrus and out of these 2 repeated oestrus cycle. Both the primary and secondary symptoms of oestrus were clearly visible at oestrus. Length of the oestrus cycle was observed as 21.5 days with the average oestrus period 30.8 hours. The mean progesterone concentration in cyclic buffaloes on the day of the oestrus cycle (d=0)was 0.09 ng/ml and the highest serum progesterone concentration were observed on 16th day of oestrus cycle. In the non cyclic buffaloes the progesterone concentration remained around 1 ng/ml throughout the study. At the onset and the end of the oestrus the concentration of luteiningzing hormone was 3.9 ng/ml. Whereas at the beginning of standing heat average luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration 3.8 ng/ml. The surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) was 14.4 ng/ml observed. The average time of LH surge was 17.6 hours after the onset of the oestrus. End of oestrus time of following LH surge was 17.2 hours. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0512,T] (1).
60.
Induction Of Parturition In Buffaloes Using Dexamethasone In Conjunction With Prostglandin (Pgf2 Alpha)
by Arif Majeed | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The present study was intended to study the effect of prostaglandin (PGF2 alpha) and dexarnethasone on reproduction and production of Nili-Ravi buffaloes after parturition. For this purpose eighteen pregnant Nili-Ravi buffaloes were selected on the basis of their breeding history, with good health status, their lactation phases were 3rd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 9th and 10th respectively. These animals were divided into three equal groups viz group A, B and C, each comprising 6 animals. These animals were kept under uniform managemental and feedings conditions. Each buffalo in groups A and B were injected with 20mg dexamethasone and 526ig cloprostenol sodium (PGF2 alpha) intramuscularly on day 10 and 15 respectively before their expected term, while the buffaloes, in group C served as a control.
From the present study it was concluded that parturition can be induced at day 10 and 15 prior to their expected term successfully did not affect the production and reproductive efficiency of Nili-Ravi buffaloes. The use of PGF2 alpha and dexamethasone before parturition in buffaloes did not affect the milk yield of each buffaloes as compared with control group, and also the calve birth weight compared with control group. The only complication we found was the retention of foetal membrane, in all the treated buffaloes. No retention of foetal membrane was found in the control group. So the calving interval could be reduced by reducing the duration of pregnancy. It was also concluded that by induction the lactation period could be increased.
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61.
Morphological Abnormalities In The Spermatozoa Of Cross Bred Cow Bulls During Summer Season
by Afzal, M | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Dr. Imriaz Hussain Khan | Prof. Dr | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: In this study twelve normally producing breeding bulls three of each Sahiwal and Friesian breeds and six bulls of 50% Cross-bred were selected. The mean volume of ejaculates were 4.87, 4.22 and 5.95m1 in Sahiwal, Friesian and Cross-bred, respectively. There is no significant difference among the volume of breeds during the months May, June and July. The semen concentration were 637.369, 606.554 and 312.806 million per ml in Sahiwal, Friesian and Cross-bred. However, the concentration of spermatozoa in Cross-bred were significantly lower (P<0.01) as compared to Sahiwal and Friesian bulls.
The overall average values for head abnormalities percentage were significantly lower (P <0.01) in Sahiwal vs Friesian and Crossbred (2.65 vs 7.20 and 8.90%) respectively during summer season.
The neck abnormalities percentage were significantly lower (P<0.01) in Sahiwal vs Friesian and Cross-bred 1.13 vs 3.52 and 5.59% respectively during summer season. Similarly the values of mid piece abnormalities percentage were significant higher in Cross bred vs Sahiwal and Friesian (2.04 vs 0.60 and 1.83%) respectively during summer season. The same results pertaining to protoplasmic droplets and tail abnormalities were obtained.
The overall average abnormalities percentage in spermatozoa of Sahiwal breed were significantly lower vs Friesian and Cross-bred (8.64 vs 21.32 and 27.67%) respectively during summer season. These results indicated that Exotic breed (Friesian) as well as Cross-bred have poor adaptability against the stress of the high temperature during summer season, so they produce lower quality semen.
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62.
Role Of Single Injection Of Prostaglandin F2 Alpha On Breeding Efficiency Of Buffaloes
by Sajid Iqbal | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Dr.Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr.Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: In the present study, a total of twenty Nili-Ravi buffaloes were divided into two equal groups. In group A ten buffaloes were administered with prostagladin F2 alpha (Lutalyse, Upjohn), 2 hours after calving. In group B, ten buffaloes were not given any treatment and designated as control. The reproductive organs of each experimental buffalo were rectally palpated on day 14 and day 21 postpartum. After that twice a week rectal palpation was carried out until the first postpartum oestrus.
The results of present study revealed that cervical and uterine involution was completed significantly (P < 0.05) earlier in group A as compared to group B (28.90± 1.79 and 35.40±3.95 days). There was no significant difference in the diameter of cervix, gravid and nongravid uterine horn at day 14 postpartum. A significant difference between the groups was obtained on days 21, 25 and 28 postpartum in the diameter of cervix and gravid horn. The corpus luteum (CL) of pregnancy regressed very rapidly following calving. The overall period required for complete regression of corpus luteum of pregnancy was (19.20±4.87 days) in treated group and (18.40±6.07 days) in control groups. The difference was significant.
Follicular activity resumed independently of uterine involution. It was, however, delayed slightly by the retained corpus luteum of pregnancy. The mean postpartum interval of initial follicular development was 21.20±5.71 days in treated and 28.20±8.75 days in control groups, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).
Postpartum oestrus interval was shortened in treated group (79.50±19.83 days) as compared to control group (103.0± 17.45 days) and the difference was significant (P<0.05). So it seems beneficial to administer prostaglandin F2 alpha in postpartum buffaloes to reduce the period for uterine involution and enhance the subsequent reproductive performance.
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63.
Immunomodulatory Effect Of Brucella Abortus Vaccine Strain Rb51 In Cross Bred Cows At Private Farms In Lahore
by Shafique, M | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. M. Akram Munir | Dr. M. Aleem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: This project was designed to eradicate dangerous problem (Brucellosis) facing by livestock sector. Various trials of vaccine SRB51 were conducted and serum samples were taken to see the immune status of the animals by using serum tube agglutination test
(STAT).
For this purpose 100 animals of different age groups were examined and lactating or non lactating animals were randomly selected from different private dairy farms in and around Lahore. The serum samples were collected and subjected to serological tests to detect the presence of antibodies against brucella abortus. The incidence of brucellosis by RBPT was 16% and 14% by Standard tube agglutination test (STAT) in cattle. After screening the animals, we got 30 animals which were brucella abortus free, among these some animals were pregnant. We vaccinated the animal at neck region subcut with Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine. After vaccination we found that antibody titer was higher at four weeks and begins to lower at eight weeks and later on, by using STAT. We also observed in this study that no animal was aborted and no premature or weak calf was delievered at parturition. So it can be said that the Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine is a safe vaccine and it has been used in a lot number of states of America. The results of this study have revealed an alarming prevalence of brucellosis in cattle at private farms which calls for an emergent response of experts for reappraisal and reassessment of the present brucellosis control situation, especially when the disease is an important zoonosis and potential threat to the human health.
It is anticipated that the trials would open new vistas and expose livestock (Dairy) scientists to new horizons of technical know how regarding brucellosis and associated problems. It is further hoped that the results obtained would make tangible contribution towards livestock and dairy industry.
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64.
Use Of Prostaglandin (Pgf2 Alpha) To Induce Oestrus In Postpartum Non Cyclic Sahiwal Cows
by Amjad, M | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Dr.Imtiaz Hussain | Dr.Kamran | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The incidence of ovarian cysts in dairy cows in variously reported as ranging from 10-12 percent. Various factors are reported to influence the incidence of ovarian cysts. Factors that have been suggested are age, level of. milk production, nutrition, heredity, length of postpartum interval, frequency of examination of the reproductive tract and stress around the time of parturition. Ovarian cysts are a significant cause of reproductive failure because of prolongation of the interval from parturition to the first oestrus. Twenty four postpartum anoestrus Sahiwal cows at 85 days postpartum were selected and randomly divided into the groups viz group A and B. Group A (n=12) cows were injected 2m1 (5mg) prostaglandin F2 alpha (Prostavet, Virbac, France) intramuscularly (i/rn) at day 85 postpartum without palpation. A second injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha was given 11 days apart to those cows who had not responded to first injection. Rectal palpation was performed at 105 days postpartum to confirm the presence of corpus luteum on the ovary. A third injection was given at 118 days postpartum to those cows that had not responded to 1st and 2nd injection of PGF2c. The cows in group B were not given any treatment and served as control. The cows were artificially inseminated on the basis of standing heat 12 hours after the detection of heat. Oestrus detection was made by teasing, behavioural symptoms, physical changes and rectal palpation. In group A and B the oestrus response was 66.66% and 25% respectively. This response was greater in cows of group A than group B. There was difference in behavioural symptoms and physical changes among the groups. In group A the behavioural symptoms and physical changes were slightly more pronounced as compared to group B. Interval to onset of oestrus in group A was 96±15.08 hours whereas it was 25.0±1.0 days in group B. The length of oestrus in group A was 23.25±1.99 hours whereas it was 20.33± 1.45 hours in group B. The difference in the length of oestrus among the two groups was statistically non-significant (P> 0.05).
Group A animals exhibited oestrus during 89±0.62 days of postpartum. In group B animal exhibited oestrus at 110±0.19 days of postpartum and the difference was ignificant (P < 0.05). From the present study it is concluded that PGF2 treatment at 85 days postpartum leutolysed the luteal cyst and brings the cows in oestrus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0607,T] (1).
65.
A Study On The Effect Of Gnrh Analogue On Anovulation In Repeat Breeding Cross Bred Cows And Their Conception Rate
by Asif Rafiq | Prof.Dr.Rashid Ahmed Ch | Dr.Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr.Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The incidence of repeat breeding is high in cross-bred cows due to low LH level in the blood at the time of estrous. In this study Dalmarelin a GnRH analogue which induces ovulation in cows was used. Nine healthy animals with the history of repeat breeding and clinically normal genital tract were selected at the Livestock Production and Research Institute, Qadirabad, Okara. These animals were injected with dalmarelin (Lecirelin), at the dose rate of 2 ml IM. The injection was given on the zero day of estrous and later animals were inseminated artificially. Two blood samples were collected from these animals, one before the injection and artificial insemination i.e. on the zero day of estrous and the second at 10th day after the injection of Lacirelin for the detection of plasma progesterone concentration. Results indicated that five animals i.e. 55.5% had conceived. Similarly when detected 12 hours after the end of estrous five animals had ovulated out of which three animals were conceived. Finally, these animals were palpated rectally on the 90th day after artificial insemination and five animals with high concentration of progesterone on the 10th day, were, detected positive for pregnancy. None of the control animals ovulated and conceived.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0623,T] (1).
66.
Concentration Of Serum Electrolytes In Buffaloes In The Late Pregnancy Parturition & Postparturition Periods
by Shahzad Hussain | Dr.Muhammad Amir Saeed | Dr.Muhammad | Prof.Dr Rashid ahmad ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: This study was executed on 30 pregnant Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Serum was harvested for the estimation of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and iron in the late pregnancy (at 8t5 and 9th month of gestation), at parturition and in the postpartum periods (at 1st and 2" month postpartum). The mean values of Ca were 9.30, 7.95, 6.90, 8.43 and 7.33 mg/dl and of Mg were 2.38, 2.18,.2.81, 2.61 and 2.50 mgldl of serum in the above mentioned 5 stages, respectively. The mean concentration of P was 6.98, 4,15, 3,177, 4,76 and 5.38 mg/dl, respectively. The mean concentrations of Na were 147.14, 145.71, 146.50, 141.37 and 137.69 mmol/1 and of K were 4.90, 4.53, 4.31, 4.53 and 4.38 (mmol/1) of serum, respectively. The mean value of Fe was 269,36, 225.58, 212.82, 260.77 and 282.31 pg/dl of serum, respectively. The concentrations of Ca and P were significantly (P< 0.05) lower at the time of parturition. The value of Mg was significantly (P<zO.05) higher at the time of parturition. The concentrations of Na and K did not show much variation. The values of Fe also decreased significantly (P<0.0S) near parturition (at month of gestation) and at parturition. No puerperal disorder was observed in any of the experimental animals. Hence, the data of normal electrolyte values near parturition, at parturition and following parturition was obtained.
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67.
Use Of Gnrh To Improve The Conception Rate Of Nili Ravi Buffaloes During Low Breeding Season
by Ghulam Ahmad | Dr.Muhammad Ahmad Ch | Dr.Masood | Prfo.Dr.Rashid Ahmad Ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: In this study the main objective was to improve the conception rate of repeat breeder Nili-Ravi buffaloes during low breeding season by the use of GnRH (Dalmarelin) . For this purpose 21 .repeat breeder Nili-Ravi buffaloes were randomly selected and equally divided into three groups (A, B and C) Group A was treated with 2 ml Dalmarelin IM at the time of insemination, group B was treated with lml of Dalmarelin IM at the time of insemination and imi twelve hours of post insemination, while group C (control) received an injection of 2m1 normal saline IN at the time of insemination. The mean progesterone concentration in group A was 0.95 ng/ml, group B, it was 0.94 ng/ml and in group C, O.93ng/ml on the day of estrus (day 0), while progesterone concentration of group A was 1.16 ng/ml, group B, it was 1.089 ng/ml and in Group C, it was 1.07 ng/ml on the 10th day of estrus cycle. The conception rate was recorded as 42.8% in group A, 28.6% in group B and 14.3% in group C.
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68.
Comparative Reproductive Performance Of F1 & F5 Filial Groups Of Holstein Friesian X Sahiwal Crossbred Cows
by Tariq, M | Dr.Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Dr.Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr.M.Sarwar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Data of one hundred animals of two filial groups ½ (Fl and F5) had been analysed in this study. The animals were maintained at Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadarnagar, Okara during the year 1981-1999. The data was analysed to estimate the magnitude of different reproductive traits, namely, the age at maturity/puberty, age at first conception, age at first calving, service period, calving interval, gestation period, dry period, number of services per conception and conception rate.
The average mean values for the filial groups 34 (Fl and ES) of Holstein Friesian x Sahiwal crossbred cows i.e., Age at maturity, Age at first conception and Age at first calving were 725.98 days or 84 months and 740.95 days or 24 months, 761.54±216.67 days or 25 months and 789.73±138.64 days or 26 months and 1040,7±218.47 days or 34 months and 1069.60± 139.92 days or 36 months respectively. The average mean values for Service period and No. of service per conception were 178.90±114.04 days and 222.93±163.67 days and 2.15± 1.10 and 2.20± 1.15 respectively. For gestation period and Calving interval the average mean values were 279.19±8.0 days or 9 months and 280.53±7.8 days or 9 months and 459.54±115.54 days, 522.04±162.46 days respectively for the filial groups ½ (Fl and F5) of the Holstein Friesian x Sahiwal crossbred cows. The average mean values for the Dry period and Conception rate in the present studywere 155.79±104.54 days, 215.40±139.26 days and 2.15±1.10% and 2.20±1.15% for the ½ (Fl and F5) respectively.
The present study indicates that there is non-significant difference among the following reproductive traits of filial groups ½ (Fl and F5) i.e., Age at maturity/puberty, Age at 1st conception, Age at 1st calving, Gestation period, No. of services per conception and conception rate.
This study describes that there is a significant difference among these reproductive traits of ½ (Fl and F5) filial groups of Holstein Friesian x Sahiwal crossbred cows i.e., Calving interval, Service period and Dry period.
The main object of the crossbreeding was to evolve a new breed of cattle and even upto fifth generation the results are encouraging.
By the encourgining results of this study it is recommended/suggested that at present about 2 million heads of non-descript cattle population having very low genetic potential may be come useful by inseminating with exotic semen of Holstein Friesian. The crossbred animals have much superior germplasm as compared to non-discript animals.
Further, it is recommended to maintain fifty percent exotic blood level, which is best suited in the subtropical environmental countries like Pakistan.
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69.
Effect Of Timing Of Insemination On Conception Rate In Local And Cross Bred Cattle (Adult Cow) In Bannu And Wana
by Afzal Wazir, M | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Khalid Saeed | M.Subhan Qureshi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: A total 120 local breed cows were inseminated with frozen semen. Among these 60 cows were inseminated with single insemination, while 60 cows were inseminated twice in same oestrus period with interval of 6 hours. MI these cows were checked for pregnancy by rectal palpation method. Among these cows 30 cows were injected with progesterone 50 mg i/m one minute after insemination. The conception rate in control group is 43.33% and treated group 46.66% in single insemination while in double insemination 60% in control group and 63.33% in progesterone treated group respectively. It is concluded that double insemination with frozen semen in local cows increase conception rate, while the conception rate is also improved by progesterone treatment in single and double insemination in local breed cows. In cross bred 120 cows were inseminated with frozen semen. Among these 60 cows were inseminated single insemination and 60 cows were inseminated twice in same oestrus after 6 hours of interval. Traced all cows and checked for pregnancy by rectal palpation method. Among these in each group 30 cows were injected with progesterone 50mg i/m one minute after insemination. The conception rate is 50% in control group and 46.66% in progesterone treated group in single insemination, while 53.33% in control group and 60% in progesterone treated group in double insemination. It concluded that the use of exogenous progesterone
In signle insemination cross bred cows may adversely effect the hormonal profile and ovulation, while in double insemination exogenous progesterone was administered at the end of oestrous, effect the conception rate favourable.
A total 12 semen samples, each consisting of two consecutive ejaculates, collected from one bull of Holstein Friesian breed. The seman was extended in lactose, fructose egg yolk, glycerol extender. Semen packed in 0.5ml French straws was frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. Thawing was carried out in hot water at 35oC for 20 second.
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70.
Role Of Prostaglandin F2 Alpha And Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone In Induction Of Oestrus In Postpartum Anoestrus Nili Ravi Buffaloes During Summer
by Liaqat Ali | Dr.Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr.Muhamad | Dr.Muhammad Aleem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: In this experiment, twenty four Nili-Ravi buffaloes 60 days postpartum having history 60 normal postpartum were used. These buffaloes were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=12). Treated buffaloes received single injection of 5mg etiproston at 60 days postpartum. And at 78 days postpartum a single injection of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) 0.05mg intramuscularly was given to only those buffaloes which did not showed oestrus after etiproston injection. The observation on different aspects like oestrus response, heat detection, interval to onset of oestrus, artificial insemination and pregnancy diagnosis were studied.
The buffaloes in group-1, 75% (n=9) exhibited oestrus. The PGF2atreated buffaloes 16.66% (n=2) exhibited oestrus and GnRH treated buffaloes 70% (n 7) exhibited oestrus. The buffaloes in group II 16.66% (n2) exhibited oestrus. The behavioural signs noted were; acceptance of teaser bull, frequent urination, bellowing, licking of external genitalia, mounting by other buflaloes, and raised tail. The physical changes recorded were, uterine tone, swollen vulva, vaginal mucous discharge and vaginal hyperaemia. Oestrus symptoms were more pronounced in treated group than control groups.
The buffaloes in treated and control groups, the average number of days from parturation to first oestrus were 81±3.61 and 107±20 days respectively, that was significant (P <0.05) difference between two groups. In PGF2a and GnRH treated buffaloes exhibited oestrus during 62.5±0.5 days and 86.28±1.21 days postpartum respectively. In treated group, the interval to onset of oestrus after injection was 6.22±1.16 days. In control group days from beginning of experiment to onset of oestrus were 47±2 days.
Duration of oestrus in treated group was 24±2.11 hours. In PGF2cz and GnRH treated animals the duration of oestrus was 25±3 hours and 24.28±2.67 hours respectively. In control group the duration of oestrus was 18±2 hours. The pregnancy rate in treated and control groups were 44.4% and non of control group conceived.
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71.
Serological Surey Of Brucellosis In Man & Various Age Groups Of Cattle And Buffaloes
by Abbas Chaudhry, M | Dr.Irshad Ahmad Ch | Dr.Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Prof.Dr Akram | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The sero-prevalence of brucellosis in cattle, buffaloes and various personnel employed at Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadar Nagar, District Okara, was surveyed. Four hundred and seventy blood samples of different age groups of various groups of cattle, buffaloes and man were analyzed for the seroprevalence of Brucellosis. The various serological tests used for this investigation included the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT). The higher incidence of the disease was observed in cattle than buffaloes. The seroprevalence of disease in man was found to be related with the prevalence of Brucellosis in animals.
The overall prevalence of Brucellosis in clinically healthy buffaloes and cattle was found to be 7.64% and 10.0% respectively, by SAT and 11.17% and 14.11% respectively by RBPT.
A prevalence of 36.67% by RBPT and 26.67% and 23.33% by SAT in clinically sick buffaloes and cattle was recorded.
The serum samples from workers subjected to RBPT and SAT revealed prevalence of 15.71% and 11.43%, respectively. The incidence of Brucellosis in adult buffaloes and cattle above 2-10 years of age was 11% and 13%, respectively by SAT. Whereas in young buffaloes and cattle under 2 years of age, it was found to be 2.86% and 5.71%, respectively by SAT. The RBPT indicated 15% and 5.7 1% incidence of the disease in adult and young buffaloes, respectively.
Similarly prevalence of 19% and 7.14% in adult and young cattle, respectively was found to be demonstrated by RBPT. rpIe SAT and RBPT established a greater incidence of brucellosis in female animals than male cows 10.67% and buffaloes 8.67% by SAT.
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72.
Correlation Of Leptospiral, Antibodies To The Non Functional Ovaries & Biometrical Observations In The Slaughtered Buffaloes & Cattle
by Ishtiaq Ahmad | Dr . Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr . Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: A slaughter house based study was initiated for a period of six months during which a total of 5490 buffaloes and 2120 cattle were rectally palpated from which 150 buffaloes and 50 cattle respectively, were found with non-functional ovaries and were therefore selected for the study project.
Blood samples from all the animals with non-functional ovaries were collected for serological purposes. The female genitalia were collected, examined and all those animals were excluded from the project if their genitalia were found having graafian follicles and/or corpus luteum and/or ovarian cysts during biometry.
The serum samples were tested against 13 serovars of Leptospira interrogans var australis, autumnalis, hallum, bataviae, bratislava, canicola, copenhagni, grippotyphosa, hardio, Domona, pyrogenes, sejQ, tarasovi.
From a total 150 serum samples of buffaloes with non-functional ovaries, 128 serum samples were found positive against one or more serovars of Leptospira interrogans with a seropositivity of 85%.Seropositivity of 74% (37 cattle) from a total of 50 cattle with non-functional ovaries was observed.
However non-significance difference (P> 0.05) in seropositivity against Leptospira interrogans in the animals of functional ovaries versus non-functional ovaries were observed in both cattle and buffaloes.
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73.
Studies On Economic Impacts Of Artificial Insemination With Specific Reference To Producxtive And Reproductive Traits Of Local and Holstein Friesian Crossbred Cows in Bannu, NWFP
by Jan Mir Khan | Dr . Lmtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr . Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The main aim of the present study was to observe the economical impacts of artificial insemination with specific reference to the productive and reproductive performance of the local bred and Holstein Friesian cross bred cattle in Bannu region. The interaction of some productive and reproductive parameters had been studied. The outcome of the present study in respect of various parameters of productive and reproductive performance are summarized as below:
1. The mean for age at maturity in Holstein Friesian crossbred and local bred cattle were 610.3, 878.7 days, respectively. The difference calculated was 268.4 days. The mean for age at first calving in holstein Friesian and local bred were 970.3, 1244.6 days, respectively. The age at maturity and age at first calving was highly significant (P < 0.01).
2. The mean for conception rate in Holstein Friesian crossbred and local bred cattle were 15%, 62%, 23% and 14%, 70%, 16%, on 1st, 2nd and 3rd insemination, respectively. There was significant difference in conception rate of both the breed.
3. Calf survival for local bred averaged 68.5 days while for Holstein Friesian crossbred averaged 81.5 days, respectively. Again there is significant difference between the twq breeds.
4. The means for calving interval in Iloistein Friesian crossbred and local bred cattle were 393.3, 418.3 days, respectively. The difference was 28 days, which is significant (P<0.05)
5. The mean for the dry period in Holstein Friesian crossbred and local bred cattle were 89.3, 152.6 days, respectively. The difference was 64 days, which is highly significant (P<0.01).
6. The mean for milk production in Holstein Friesian crossbred and local bred cattle were 2404.08, 1173.12 litres/lactation.The difference was 90 days, which is highly significant (P < 0.01).
The findings of this study indicate that the productive and reproductive potential of Holstein Friesian crossbred is better than the local bred cattle. The productive potential of local cattle can be increased by using exotic semen of genetically superior sires, through intensive management and with effective disease control programme.
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74.
Studies On Productive Ability & Fertility Trials Of Standard And Routine Donors Buffalo Bulls Kept At Semen Production
by Ali Raza, Capt. M | Dr . Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Dr . Haji Ahmad | Dr . Muhammad Aleem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The mature breeding buffalo bull at the Semen Production Unit has greater importance to produce maximum doses and higher fertility rate in the field. The sire should not only be of high genetic make-up but should also be in good sexual health for the production of large number of fertile germ cells based on seminal characteristics.
The present project was designed to investigate the production potential and reproductive performance (fertility trials) of the donor buffalo bulls. On the basis of available data the investigations were carried out in two groups comprising of standard bulls and routine donors. The standard bulls were offered mixed bull ration while routine donors were kept on routine management and available fodder regime.
It is evident from the results that standard buffalo bulls had better and encouraging performance. The mean values of all the seminal parameters among different age groups were comparatively higher .in the bulls fed on additional mixed bull ration than the group of bulls kept on green fodder and routine maintenance ration only.
Although superior seminal values were obtained but statistically the differences within age groups were found to be nonsignificant for both feeding regimes. It may be due to limited duration. However, within various seminal characteristics highly significant differences were observed. After evaluating the semen in the laboratory it is of utmost importance to test this semen in the field conditions because the ultimate determinant of the semen fertility is the conception rate. A total of 3807 doses of semen from ten bulls were distributed in 10 selected A.I. centers. The first insemination resulted in an average fertility rate of 56.52±3.97% whereas the fertility rate of second insemination was 60.37%. The average fertility resulted from all bulls were 56.52±3.97%. Among the bulls the fertility rates were non significantly different. Similarly, mean fertility rates from each A.I. center were not significantly different. It was also observed that there was no significant difference in the fertility rates among various months of semen collection and insemination. The fertility results are better in aged buffaloes when compared to those of heifers (57.99 Vs 54.74%).
Similarly, to compare the effect of three diets, having crude proteins and digestible nutrients from different sources on seminal attributes had indicated better results for implementation at the Semen Production Unit. Seasonality month of the year affected all the seminal attributes. Values of the winter months (November to January) were better than the other three seasons. October was the best month, while the June had worst effect on the semen quality.
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75.
Nuclear Morphology & Meiotic Competence Of Buffalo Oocytes Relative To Follicle Diameter
by Rizwan Yousaf, M | Dr.Kasim Raza Chohan | Dr.Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The nuclear morphology and subsequent meiotic development of buffalo oocytes was compared relative to follicle size before and after in vitro maturation (IVM). Follicles were dissected from ovaries of adult buffaloes at slaughter. Isolated follicles were classified according to size (<2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 6 mm and >6 mm in diameter) and cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected by puncturing the follicles. Cumulus cells were emoved using 3 mg/mI hyaluronidase in saline and repeated pipetting. Denuded oocytes were measured, fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde, stained with DAPI and evaluated for nuclear morphology under fluorescent microscopy. COCs were also matured for 24 hours in . itro in medium 199 (M-199) supplemented with 10 g/unl FSH, 10 ug/ml LH, 1.5 ug/ml estradiol, 75ug/ml streptomycin, 100 lU/mi penicillin, 10 mM hepes and 10% fetal calf serum. Matured oocytes were fixed, stained and evaluated as above for nuclear morphology, namely stage of germinal vesicle (GV) and subsequent melotic development (oocyte reaching metaphase-Il). Data for oocyte diameter wa analyzed by ANOVA while, chi square analysis was used for comparison of GV stages and ineiotic development of oocytes. Oocytes from follicles of <2mm, 2-3mm, 3-4mm were smaller (P < 0.05) in diameter than oocytes from >4 mm follicle size groups. The ma.ioity of the oocytes (P<0.05) from <2mm follicles were at GV stage I (24.0%) and 11(20.4%). An increasing trend towards development to later GV stages was observed with an increase in follicle size beyond 2 mm before IVM. Oocytes from 4 to 6 mm follicles were at GV stage IV (35.0%) and V\ (49.1%). Poor IVM rates (30.2 to 32.7%) to metaphase-Il were\ observed for oocytes from <4mm follicles (P<0.05). However, for oocytes from 4 to 6 mm follicles, maturation to metaphase-Il was (67.1%). Buffalo oocytes from > 6mm follicles showed better maturation rate (79.1%). These results indicated that maturation to M-II for oocytes depends on the stage of G' development of the buffalo oocyte before IVM. Oocytes harvested from <4mm follicles showed poor in vitro maturation rates. In conclusion, oocytes from >4 mm follicle in diameter can be successfully used for better in vitro maturation rates in buffalo JVF protocols.
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76.
Effect Of Cumuus Cells On In Vitro Maturation Of Buffalo Oocytes
by Hassan Mahmood Warriach | Dr.Kazim Raza Chohan | Dr.Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: In present study, the meiotic competence of buffalo oocytes with different number of cumulus cell layers was compared. A total of 775 ovaries in 9-replicates were collected from Nili-Ravi buffaloes from a local abattoir. A total of 441 oocytes were aspirated with a disposable syringe using 18 gauge needle and an average of 0.78 oocytes were collected per ovary. Oocytes were divided into four groups as, oocytes with 3-5 layers of cumulus cells, oocytes with 1-2 layers of cumulus cells, denuded oocytes and oocytes to be co-cultured with cumulus cells. Oocytes in all four groups were matured in mediurn-199 with Earle's salts supplemented with 100 rng/Lglutamine, 2.2 g/L NaHCO3, 10ug/mI streptornycin, 100 IU/mi penicillin, 10 mM HEPES and 10% fetal calf serum. Around 100 oocytes in each group from 9 replicates were transferred to 100 u1 droplets (5 to 8 oocytes/drop) of maturation medium under sterile mineral oil in 60 x 35 mm sterile plastic dishes for 24 hours at 39°C and 5% CO2. After 24 hours of culture, cumulus cells were removed from oocytes. Denuded oocytes were fixed, stained with DAPI and evaluated for rneiotic competence (oocytes reaching to metaphase-Il) under fluorescent microscope. The oocytes with 3-5 layers of cumulus cells showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher maturation rates (64.5%) than denuded (8.6%) and co-cultured oocytes (34.5%) but did not differ (P> 0.05) from oocytes having 1-2 layers of cumulus cells (51.4%). The degenerate rates were significantly higher (P <0.05) for denuded oocytes (51%) than all other groups (Average: 13.8% to 17.4%). In conclusion the results of present study suggested that cumulus cells have positive influence on oocyte maturation and co-culture of denuded oocytes with cumulus cells improved meiotic competence.
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77.
Studies On The Libido, Matting Behaviour And Breeding Efficienty Of Lohi & Awasi Breeds Of Rams At Different Stage Of Age
by Mansoor Ahmad | Dr . Naeem Ullah Khan | Dr . Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Present study was made to assess the relationship beween libido, mating behaviour and breeding performance of two different breeds of rams (Lohi VS Awasi) at different stages of age. In past no parameters have been fixed to investigate the effect of sexual activities on the semen production and breeding potential of rams, at their optimum age in relation to maximum fertility.
A. Six Luhi rams with following age groups.
Group-1: 3 rams of 24-36 months of age
Group-2: 3 rams of 36-48 months of age
B. Six Awasi rms with following age groups.
Group-3: 3 rams of 24-36 months of age
Group-4: 3 rams of 36-40 months of age.
Three hundred ewes of Lohi breed and 300 ewes of Awasi breed with variable parity were selected for this study. The ewes of each breed were randomly divided in to 6 groups (50 ewes per group). Every selected ram of each breed was allocated to one group of ewes. Libido, mating behaviour and breeding potential has been evaluated by using various tests for different physical parameters by recording lambing percentage of artificially inseminated ewes.
A significant difference was observed in the libido and mating behaviour indices within the breeds and within the age groups i.e. 86.997. ± 1.25 vs. 83.557. ± 3.89 (group I vs. II), 82.997. ± 3.17 vs. 79.447. ± 0.49 (group III vs. IV) and 85.837. ± 0.83 vs. 84.847. ± 3.69 (group I vs. II), 81.797. ± 2.50 vs. 84.097. ± 1.04 (group III vs. IV). Whereas a significant difference was also observed in the volumes of ejaculates, percentage of live/dead spermatozoa, percentage of tail and mid piece abnormalities and the average fertility percentage between the rams of all the four groups i.e. 0.98m1 ± 0.03 vs. 1.02m1 ± 0.05 (group I vs. II), 1.2m1 ± 0.04 vs. 1.25ml ± 0.09 (group III vs. IV) and 5.147. ± 0.37 vs. 3.987. ± 0.29 and 6.157. ± 0.45 vs. 4.327. ± 0.42 respectively. Whereas for mid piece abnormalities it was 7.017. ± 0.24 vs. 1.487. ± 0.16 and 6.017. ± 0.2 vs. 1.327. ± 0.9 respectively and 757., 897., 647., 697. for groups I to IV. A high significant difference was also recorded for sperm cell concentration per ml and the percentage of total morphologically abnormal spermetozoa within the breed and within the age groups ie. 2903.83 x i06 ± 24.35 vs. 3829.03 x 106± 40.22 (group I vs. II) and 2992.34 x 106 ± 26.83 vs. 3776.74 x 106 ± 39.73 (group III vs. IV) and 15.977% ± 0.74 vs. 4.74 ± 0.29 (group I vs. II), 16.987. ±0.8 vs. 3.95%. ± .25 (group III vs. IV) . A non-significant difference was found in mass motility, percentage of head abnormalities and percentage of presence of plasma droplet.
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78.
Determination Of Pubertal Age In Niliravi Buffalo Heifers Under Two Different Feeding Regimens
by Muhammad Saleem Akhtar | Dr. Muhammad Aamir Saeed | Dr. Muhamad Aleem | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: The study was executed to determine the effect of different dietary energy levels on attainment of age of puberty in Nili-Ravi buffalo heifers. The age and weight at puberty were determined through periodical (fortnightly) observations. Ovarian activity was monitored through rectal palpation and serum progesterone concentration. Eight Nili-Ravi buffalo heifers of 20 month age were divided into two groups viz, group A and group B (n=4). Two experimental rations providing dietary energy levels of 2 and 1 M.cal as per NRC (2001) were used and designated as ration No.1 and ration No.2.
In experimental heifers of groups A and B fed rations 1 and 2 having 2 and 1% M.E., only one heifer from group A and one heifer from group B reached puberty and exhibited estrus signs at an average age of 1274±20.63 and 1608±29.22 days, respectively. There was a significant (P <0.01) difference between the ages of two groups. The mean weight in groups A and B heifers at puberty was 318.9±34.07 and 289.2±40.43 kg, respectively. The average weight gain was 122.5±6.53 and 115.5±8.21 kg and average daily weight gain was 189±59.77 and 178 ±55.88 grams in the heifers of groups A and B, respectively; There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) between the weight gain of two groups (A and B). During the first 210 days of experiment there was non-significant difference between the average daily weight gain of both the groups and from 210 days till end of experiment, there was significant difference between the average daily weight gain. The biometry of genital organs were done & on weekly basis. There was a significant difference between the groups A and B for length, width and thickness of ovaries, diameter of uterine horns, length of cervix and length and width of the vulva. The average serum progesterone concentrations were 0.221±0.017 and 0.238±0.018 ng/ml in groups A and B, respectively. There was a non-significant difference between the progesterone concentrations in both the groups but a gradual increase in progesterone concentration was observed. It is concluded that concentrate/dry ration alone is not sufficient to bring about changes relevant to onset of puberty. It must be fed alongwith green fodder for better results.
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79.
Ovulation Induction And Synchronization In Nili-Ravi Buffaloes With Prolonged Post-Partum Period
by Mohammad Atif ikram | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Estrus detection and correct tine insemination have been considered one of the important factors affecting the calving interval in 1)11 flab population. This study was undertaken to induce and synchronize ovu1a(on rather than esirtis in buffaloes. Ovsynch program ( ovulation synclronization) enables all fertile buffaloes to be bred at a fixed time by A.l.
Sixteen buffaloes of Nili-Ravi breed with a mean postpartum interval of 250±31.6 days were randomly divided into 2 equal groups viz A and B (ii=8). On day zero, Dalmeraline (25mcg/ml lecirilin; a GnRH analogue) was administered intramuscularly at the dose rate of 3cc. On day 7, 2cc Dalmazine (0.075mg/mi Cloprostenol) was injected intramuscularly. One day 9, second injection of Daimeraline (Lecirilin) was given intramuscularly at the dose rate of 3cc. Insemination was carried out 1 6 hours after second injection of GnRH analogue, Dalmeraline.
Buffaloes of group B were kept as control group. They were observed for naturally occurring estrus from day 0 to 26. Estrus was detected with the help of teaser bull. Artificial insemination was carried Out primarily on standing heat basis.
Buffaloes of group A responded to hormonal therapy and five out of 8 animals (62.5%) showed estrus behaviour and signs. All animals of group A were inseminated twice, once early in the morning and then in the evening with an interval of 12 hours.
Three animals (37.5%) from group A were conceived at induced and synchronized ovulation at first service, while one animal (12.5%) was conceived from group B.
It is concluded that the Ovsynch protocol is a useful regime in inducing and synchronizing ovulation with reasonably good conception rates. It is however, found that ovsynch protocol is also effective enough in buflaloes with longer postpartum intervals.
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80.
Effect Of Collection Frequency On The Semen Quality Of Broiler Breeder
by Amjad Riaz | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Dr. Talat | Mr. Muhammad Amir Saeed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: In future, artificial insemination (AI) in poultry industry has a considerable importance because of the excellent results in fertility and hatchability. Increasing male utilisation in artificial insemination depends upon the optimum use of bids by increasing semen collection. The project was designed to scrutinise the effects of collection interval, testes weight and body weight on semen yield.
A total of ten broiler breeder males (35 weeks of age) were randomly selected. After providing ten-day sexual rest these were trained for semen collection by abdominal message technique. In study I the effects of various frequencies of semen collection on semen characteristics were investigated. All birds being collected at 48hours, 24 hours and 12 hours intervals. In each interval five consecutive collections were examined for motility percentage, semen volume and sperm concentration. Out of ten one cock gave no semen through out the study and 2 birds did not yielded semen at 12 hours interval and were excluded from the study.
No significant difference in collection intervals was established for percentage motility (P> 0.05), but semen collected at 12 hours interval was significantly lower than 24 hours interval in respect of semen volume and lower than 48 hours interval in respect of sperm concentration. Thus at 48 hours and 24 hours intervals we get significantly higher values of number of sperms per collection, number of motile sperms per collection and number of doses per collection than the values collected at 12 hours interval (P < 0.05). But difference for theses values at 48 and 24 hours collections intervals was non significant (P > 0.05).
The total number of semen doses over a six-day period increased linearly and significantly as the frequency of collection increased from once every two day to twice daily. Daily semen collection was found to be more suitable for Al programme at broiler breeder farm.
In study II daily semen output, paired testes weight and body weight were correlated. The semen output was found to be significantly correlated with testis weight (r =0.82) and body weight (r = 0.79), but no significant correlation was found between testis weight and body weight (r = 0.56).
In biometrical examination the weight of left testis was found significantly heavier than right testis but in respect of testicular volume no significant difference was observed between the two sides.
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81.
Comparativge Efficacy Of Gnrh And Pgf2A For Oestrous Synchronization In Nili Ravi Buffalo
by Abdohoo Abdali, M | Dr.Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr.Masood | Dr.Rashid Ahmad Ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Buffaloes occupy an important role in agricultural economy of Pakistan as a triple purpose (milk, meat and draught) animals. Total population of buffalo in Pakistan is 21.6 million. '1'oal milk production in the Pakistan is 24,874 metric tons, out of which 16,665 in Punjab and the share of buffalo is 72.12%.
In buffalo husbandry seasonality in breeding is a problem of great importance, because seasonal variation in breeding, as its effects on calving profoundly affects the economy of milk production also.
The appearance of oestrous in buffalo is at the maximum (37.56%) during October to December. Therefore, population of the country parturate from July to October. Eventually, during the summer months there is a marked decline in total milk production but demand of milk escalates.
To device ways and methods to overcome summer shortage of milk we designed this project to change the breeding pattern of buffaloes by oestrous cycle synchronization in a way to have maximum milk yield during summer months.
In this study 30 non-suckling postpartum Nili-Ravi buffaloes were used having average age 2592.66±127.41 days and average weight 464.7U,±8.27 kgs. The 30 buffaloes were randomly divided into two groups viz group A and B, having 15 animals in each group respectively. The buffaloes in group A (n=15) received intramuscular injection of Dalmazine, analogue of PGF2 a 2CC, without palpation at 11 days interval.
In group B (n=15) received intramuscular injection of Dalmarelin, Analogue of GnRH 2CC without palpation at 11 days interval.
All the animals were observed for (a) Response of treatment (b) interval to the onset of oestrous post-treatment (c) Numbers of buffaloes showing symptoms of oestrous (d) duration of oestrous (e) conception rate (0 cost comparison of both injections per animal.
From the present experiment it was observed that, the response of oestrous in group A was 86.66% and in group B was 80%, the interval of oestrous in group A was 3.53±0.32 days while in group B was 12.5±0.34 days. The duration was 21.69±0.53 hours in group A and 20.9±0.67 hours in group B. The symptoms was frequent urination, bellowing, segregation from the herd, acceptance of teaser bull, vulvular sniffing, vulvular swelling and mucous discharge in both groups. The conception rate was 76.92% and 75% in group A and B respectively. The cost comparison was Rs.420 in group A and Rs.452/animal in group B which was more in group B, I .e. Rs.32/animal. It was concluded that PGF2 is more effective for oestrous synchronization, by less time, high conception rate, high percentage of response. However, a detailed study is required to determine the blood hormonal levels after the induction of both the injections, for better improvement.
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82.
Effect Of Various Extenders On Semen Characteristics Of Beetal Buck (Capra Hircus)
by Aoun Raza | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Muhammad Ashfaq Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: The artificial use of germ cells of genetcally superior bucks can enhance
the growth potential of goat population to meet the shortage of mutton meat in Pakistan for daily slaughtering, sacrificial events, skin, hair and goat milk too.
Beneficial use of superior germ cells can be made only when there is extension of life of germ cells for long periods, maintenance of motility of spermatozoa and increase in number of doses of ejaculate, for which an extender of choice has to be developed. Semen characteristics of forty ejaculates of bucks were evaluated. Pooled samples of ejaculates having motility estimates of at least 60% were used for evaluation. After washing of seminal plasma with physiological normal saline (20% ringer solution) and centrifugation at l000xg for 10 minutes to remove the sperm toxic factor Lecithinase-A. Pooled semen samples were extended in Tris yolk fructose citric acid (TYFCA), milk yolk (MY) and egg yolk citrate (EYC) extenders. Samples were extended using one
step extension at a ratio of 1:60 in such a way that each milliliter of semen contained 30x106 progressively motile spermatozoa. Finally extended semen samples were placed at 5°C and 37°C for evaluation of motility percentage after every 24 hours interval and livability (hours) and absolute index of livability o spermatozoa, respectively. Mean±S.E. values of ejaculates of bucks for volume, pH, mass motility, individual motility percentage, sperm cell concentration, live and dead percentage, sperm abnormalities was recorded and post-extension motility percentage at 5oC, livability (hours) and absolute index of livability of of' spermatozoa of pooled semen at 37°C was recorded. Significant differences were observed (P<0.01) in post extension motility percentage at 5°C, at all intervals except at 120 hours interval where deference vas non-significant (P>0.05) between milk yolk and egg yolk citrate extenders. Post extension motility percentage at 5°C was highest in TYFCA than MY and EYC e\tenders. Post extension livability (hours) at 37°C was significantly different among three extenders at a level of probability (P<0.05) but non-significantly different among three extenders at a level of' probability (P>0.01). Absolute index of' livability at 37°C shows significant differences (P<0.01) for all extenders under statistical analysis. Livability (hours) and absolute index of' livability was higher in TYFCA than MY and EYC extenders. Based on these results and effect of extenders on semen characteristics of Beetal Buck, Tris- Yolk-Fructose-Citric Acid was developed as an extender of choice for short term preservation of' semen of' Beetal Buck.
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83.
Effect Of Two Sources Of Protein Feeding On Induction Of Estrus In Buffalo Heifers
by Younas Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Amir Saeed | Dr.Muhammad | Dr.Muhmamd Aleem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: This study was executed with the objective to study the effect of two sources of protein feeding on the induction of estrous in Nili- Ravi buffalo heifers. Eight non-cyclic Nili-Ravi buffalo heifers with approximately same age, body weight and body condition score were divided into two equal groups (n4) and subjected to a six months trial. Group A animals were fed ration-i having cotton seed cage aria maize on caie wnereas, group U animals were fed ration-II having urea as protein source, respectively. Non-significant (P>O.05) difference was observed in the body weight gain (80.26± 17.37 Vs. 8 1 . 17± 10.50) and change in body Condition score (0.75±0.25 Vs. 0.75±0.25) between groupsA and 13, respectively at the end of the study. The difference was significant (PcO.05) for services per conception (1.50±0.29 Vs. 2.00±0.58), conception rate (50.00±0.2 Vs. 25.00±0.2 1%) overall pregnancy rate (75.00±0.25 Vs. 50.00±0.29%) and days to onset of estrous (44.25±15.37 Vs. 26.5±2.50 days) between the groups A and 13, respectively. It was concluded that urea as a protein source did not interface with body weight performance and body condition scores but it adversely affected the reproductive performance (higher number of services/conception and lower conception and pregnancy rate).
In the light of the above mentioned results it is recommended that ration containing urea is useful for beef animals and pregnant animals. As the number of animals in this study were less, so the results could not be more reliable. So it is suggested that in future the same experiment should be conducted on a large number of animals.
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84.
Effect Of Freezinf Rate From+4 C To _80 C On The Survival Of Buffalo Spermatozoa In Three Different Semen Extenders
by Jamshaid Iqbal | Dr. Muhmmad.Amir Saeed | Dr.Azhar Maqbool | Dr.M.Aleem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: Thirty semen collections (60 ejaculates) from five Nili Ravi Buffalo bulls (6 collections from each bull at weekly intervals) kept at semen production unit Karaniwala, Distt. Bahawalpur were used to study the effect of three extenders (a) sodium citrate; (b) Tris and (c) Lactose-fructose and three freezing programs on the rate of motility and livability of spermatozoa. Hypo-osmotic swelling test (FIOST) and
Eosin-Nigrosin staining were used to estimate sperm livability. The three freezing programs used were; (a) slow freezing, (b) moderate freezing and (c) fast freezing. Differences in the post dilution motility with three extenders i.e. sodium citrate (50.22%), tris (70.67%) and lactose-Iructose (65.83%) were highly significant (P<0.001). The best results in term of motility were observed with tris extender. Post thaw sperm motility was 26.19, 56.50 and 47.37% in sodium citrate, tris and lactose-fructose extenders, respectively and was higher (P <0.05) in tris extender. Post thaw HOST revealed 34.79, 52.38, and 45.64 % HOST-reacted sperm in sodium citrate, tris and lactose-fructose extenders, respectively and was higher (P<0.05) in Iris extender. Sperm motility was higher (P <0.05) in moderate freezing program (46.47%) as compared to slow and fast freezing programmes (42.33% and 41.44%). Similarly, the concentrations of live sperm and HOS-reacted sperm were also higher (P <0.05) in moderate freezing program, whereas non-significant (P>0.05) difference was observed between slow and fast freezing programs. As far as the interaction of extenders and freezing programs is concerned, the semen diluted in the tris extender and frozen by using moderate freezing program exhibited better post thaw semen quality as compared to other extenders and freezing programs used in the study.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
It was concluded from present study that the quality of Nih Ravi Buffalo bull semen was greatly affected by the type of extenders and freezing programs used in semen processing and freezing.
A combination of tris extender and moderate freezing programme maintained higher motility, livability and integrity of acrosomal membrane of sperm and is therefore recommended for use in artificial insemination programme. The three tests viz; sperm moility, livability and HOST appeared as reliable techniques for evaluation of semen quality.
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85.
Use Of Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone For Estrus Synchronization In Nili Ravi Buffalo
by Abdul Majeed | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: Sixteen Nih Ravi buffaloes having postpartum period of 197±27.48 (Mean ±SE) days were randomly divided into 2 equal groups viz A and B (n=8). Estrus was induced and synchronized in buffaloes of group A by administering 75 mcg GnRH analogue (25 mcg/ml) intramuscularly on day 0 (first day of experiment). The buffaloes, showing estrus during day 0 to 7 were inseminated and were not given PGF2 alpha injection. The animals those did not exhibit signs of estrus till day 7, were injected with 0.150 mg Cloprostenol (0.075 mg/mi) intramuscularly. Buffaloes of group B served as control group and were not given any hormonal treatment. Animals in group A were observed for estrus from day 0 to 16 of the experiment, whereas the buffaloes of group B were bserved for natural estrus from day 0 to 26. Estrus was detected with the help of teaser bull. Artificial insemination was carried out mainly on the basis of standing heat. In group A, 4 buffaloes responded to the treatment and exhibited the estrus. One buffalo exhibited the estrus on day 5 following the injection of GnRH whereas three buffaloes exhibited the estrus on day 2, 4 and day 5 following the injection of PGF2 alpha. In group B, 2 buffaloes exhibited natural estrus, one on day 3 and the second on day 11 of the experiment.
Variation in the interval to estrus may be because of huge difference in the postpartum days of animals. The duration of estrus in group A (24.62±O.96h) was significantly different (P>O.05) as compared to group B (20.25±O.33h). No difference was observed between group A and B towards the expression of estrus symptoms. Two animals from group A, conceived at induced and synchronized estrus at first service, whereas one animal conceived from group B.
It is concluded that the select synch protocol is useful for synchronization of estrus in buffaloes with promising conception results. It is indicated that select synch protocol is also applicable for induction of estrus in buffaloes of variable postpartum intervals, it seems that select synch protocol will be an effective tool if used in cycling buffaloes during early postpartum days.
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86.
Efficacy Of Gentamicin And Enrofloxacin In Endometritis In Postpartum Buffalo
by Muhammad Assad Javaid | Dr. Muhammad Amir Saeed | Dr. Muhammad Aleem | Prof. Dr | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2004Dissertation note: This study was carried out on 40 postpartum buffaloes suffering from endometritis with the objective that if gentamicin (@ 4mg/kg body weight, I/M) or enrofloxacin (@ 5mg/kg body weight, I/M) for 3 consecutive days is effective against the endometritis. Twenty postpartum, untreated, healthy buffaloes were kept as control (group C). The uterine characteristics and blood samples for haematological studies were examined before (day 0) and after treatment (day 4). Mucus samples were examined for fern pattern at first estrus before treatment and after treatment. Both the treatment did not differ significantly (P> 0.05) among them; however, they had significantly (P< 0.05) beneficial effect on cervical diameter, location of uterus, texture of uterine wall and symmetry of uterine horns. Intensity of uterine infection was cured sigtnificantly. The haematological values revealed a significant improvement (P<0.05 in EST, Hb and TLC in endometritic animals (group A and B) but the difference was non significant in control group. Whereas value of TEC was non significant in group A and C and significant improvement was observed in group B after treatment. Moreover, when we compare the 3 groups (A,B and C) to each other, non significant difference was observed among the Hb concentration in three groups. Whereas, ESr was not significant between group A,B and C, but was significant between groups B and C (P<0.05). in TEC, the values were significant difference in group A with C group B with group C. but no significant difference in group A with group B. and in TLC, there was significant difference in group A with group B and group ?A with group C, but no significant difference in group B with group C. similarly in DLC the values of eosinophils were significant in group A. but no significant difference in group B and group C in before and after treatment. In neutrophils, there were significant differences in values of group B but no significant difference in group A and group C. also in lymphocytes, significant difference was found in group B, but was not no significant difference in group A and C in before and after treatment. As in basophils, monocytes, there was no significant difference in before treatment and after treatment. Furthermore, when these DLC value were compare with each other after treatment, there was significant difference in neutrophils and lymphocytes within group A with B, A with C and B with C. in monocytes, significant difference was found in A with C group and group B with C, but no significant difference in A with B. In eosinophils, no significant difference was found in all three groups. And in basophils, significant difference was found in group A with C and B with C. but no significant difference in A group with B group. The physical signs (uterine tone, vulvular swelling, hyperemia, and wetness in vagina, switching of tail, mucus discharge) and behavioural signs (Micruration, rising of tail, bellowing, mounting and restlessness of estrus were studied. After treatment estrus was observed in 45% of group A and 55% of group B buffaloes. The pregnancy rate was 60% in group A and 50% in group B buffaloes. This was comparable to the pregnancy rate in group C buffaloes (62%). And there were no significant difference in the conception rates. It is concluded that both gentamicin and enrofloxacin are equally effective for the treatment of postpartum endometritic buffaloes.
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87.
Effect Of Norgestomet And Gnrh On Besumptio Nof Cyclicity And Pertility In Early Postpartum Non-Suckled Buffaloes
by Attiq Ullah | Dr. Muhammad Amir Saeed | Dr. Khalid | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2004Dissertation note: Delayed resumption of postpartum estrus activity is the most vital factor responsible for poor reproductive efficiency of dairy buffaloes. This study was designed to induce ovulation in early postpartum buffaloes (30-37 days). Fifteen Nili-Ravi buffaloes with a mean postpartum period 32.6±2.72 were randomly divided into three equal groups A, B and C (n=5) on the basis of parity, postpartum period, age and milk production. The animals in group A were given Norgestomet implant at day 32.8±2.94 postpartum period for 9 days. One day after removal of implants animals were given Dalmeralin (Leciren). The animals of group B given only Norgestomet implant at day 32.4±2.50 postpartum for 9 days. Group C animals acted as control and did not receive any treatment.
Same number of animals (4/5) exhibited estrus in both groups A and B. None of the buffaloes in-group C showed estrus. It is concluded that treatment of norgestomet or norgestomet + GnRH in early postpartum buffaloes, are able to induce estrus, however, fertility remain compromised.
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88.
Effect Of Sperm Storage Tubules Secretions From Pre-Layer Hen On Cockerel Sperm Clumping And Motility
by Iqbal Munir | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmed | Dr. Amir Saeed | Prof. Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2004Dissertation note: Artificial insemination (AT) in the poultry industry has considerable importance because of better results in fertility and hatchability. Increasing male utilization in artificial insemipation depends upon the optimum use of semen by suitable diluting media to increase the volume of ejaculate and to preserve fertility.
In the present study, the effect of sperm storage tubules secretions on percentage motility and extent of clumping of sperms was noticed. An optimum osmotic pressure 375 mOsm with pH 7.0 was used to preserve the cockerel's semen at 5°C. A total of 20 meat Breeder cockerels were randomly selected. After providing 10-days sexual rest, they were trained for semen collection by abdominal massage technique. Three birds failed to produce good quality semen. These birds were removed from the study.
Semen from seventeen Meat Breeder Cockerels was pooled. After
macroscopic evaluation, the pooled semen was divided into 4 groups.Group A was diluted with Modified Van Wambeke diluent with addition of sperm storage tubules secretions. Group B was diluted with the above diluent without SST secretions. Group C was diluted with saline solution with addition of SST secretions while group D was diluted with saline solution without SST secretions. These four groups were stabilized at 375 mOsm osmotic pressure in pH 7.0 and stored at 5°C. The diluted semen samples were examined for percentage motility and extent of clumping. After 72 hours of semen storage (5°C), group A showed significantly (P<0.05) higher motility as compared to groups B, C and D.
The extent of clumping was higher (P <0.05) in group D as compared to groups A, B and C. However, group A showed less (P <0.05) clumping upto 64 hours as compared to groups B, C and D.
The results of the present study suggested that at 375 mOsm, pH 7.0 the cockerels semen stored at 5°C diluted wiih Milk based extender and saline solution with addition to SST secretions proved to be suitable for short-term preservation of Meat Breeder Cockerel semen.
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89.
Effect Of Cold Shock On Frozen-Thawed Spermatozoa Of Buffalo & Cow Bulls
by Syed Amer Mahmood | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmed | Dr.Azhar | Dr.Muhammed Amir Saeed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: Effect of cold-shock on frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa was measured in terms of motility, viability, plasma membrane and acrosome . integrity. Single ejaculates each from seven Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls and 7 Sahiwal cow bulls were processed for freezing. Three straws of 0.5ml (for each parameter) from each bull were thawed and pooled at 3rC before and after cold-shock at 4°C for 2 min. Individual motility was observed by phase contrast microscope before and after cold-shock. Before and after cold-shock, sperm viability, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity were evaluated by supravital stain, hypo osmotic swelling test and normal acrosomal reaction, respectively. Two hundred sperm were counted for each parameter before and after cold-shock. Comparison of before and after cold shock values showed that cold shock had no effect (P>0.05) on motility (64.0±1.88 vs 60.4±2.56), viability (141.1±4.39 vs 124.5±8.03), plasma membrane integrity (83.51±5.82 vs 71.19±4.31) and acrosome integrity (148.3±2.36 vs 141.1 ±2.85) of buffalo bull spermatozoa. Comparison of before and after cold shock values of cow bull spermatozoa indicated that cold shock had significant (P<0.05) effect on motility (59.2±1.05 vs 41.9±.12), viability (140: 14±2.94 vs 90.5±2.73), and plasma membrane integrity (62.3±4.28 vs 47.24±3.71) but no effect on acrosome integrity (147.9±2.21 vs 140.6±2.40). In conclusion, cold shock had significant detrimental effect on cattle bull spermatozoa but no effect on buffalo bull spermatozoa.
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90.
Effect Of Osmotic Pressure On The Membrane Integrity Of Frozen-Thawed Buffalo Bull Spermatozoa
by Muhammed Irfan-Rehman Khan | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmed | Dr.Azhar | Dr.Muhammed Mushtaq | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: In the first experiment, semen from seven Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls was used to study plasma membrane integrity of freshly collected (raw) and frozen-thawed sperm using the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST). For this purpose, percentage motility, integrity of plasma membrane and acrosome was assessed by a phase contrast microscope, HOST plus eosin-nigrosin staining and normal apical ridge test. respectively. 50fJI each of raw and frozen-thawed semen was mixed with 500fJI of 50, 100, 150, 190 or 250 mOsm hypo-osmotic treatments of sodium citrate plus fructose and incubated at 37°C for 1 h. Integrity of sperm plasma membrane was assessed before and after hypo-osmotic treatments to estimate the extent of damage for each hypo-osmotic treatment. In raw semen, the number of swollen sperm was higher (P<0.05) at 50, 100, 150 and 190 mOsm as compared to 250 mOsm. A positive but non-significant correlation (P>0.05) was found between percentage of swollen and live sperm at 100, 150, 190 mOsm. Similarly, a positive but non-significant correlation (P>0.05) was found between percentage of swollen sperm and motility at 50, 100, 150, 190 and 250 mOsm. In frozen-thawed semen, the number of swollen sperm w.as higher (P<0.05) at 50 and 100 mOsm as compared to 150, 190 and 250 mOsm and this number decreased significantly (P<0.05) and gradually from 82.6±5.99 at 150 mOsm to 69.7±5.49 at 190 mOsm and 42.6±4.07 at 250 mOsm. A positive but non-significant correlation (P>0.05) was found between percentage of swollen and live sperm and between percentage of swollen sperm and motility at 50, 100 150, 190 and 250 mOsm. The number of sperm with intact acrosome did not differ (P>0.05) in raw and frozen-thawed semen among treatments. Percentag~ motility in raw semen was highe~' (81%) as compared to frozen-thawed semen (60%). Damage to plasma membrane'was higher (P<0.05) at 50 mOsm (59% raw vs. 70% frozen-thawed) as, compared to other hypo-osmotic treatments, while minimum damage occurred at 250 mOsm (4.1% raw vs. 9.7% frozen-thawed). In the second experiment, hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) plus eosin-,nigrosin staining and normal apical ridge test (NAR) were used to determine integrity of plasma membrane and acrosome of raw, diluted (cooled to 5°C) and frozen-thawed sperm. Semen from seven bulls was used in this study. For diluted and frozen-thawed sperm, three straws were pooled at 37°C. Percentage motility of raw, diluted and frozen-thawed sperm was assessed using a phase contrast microscope. 501-11 each of raw, diluted and frozen-thawed sperm was mixed with 5001-11 of 50, 100, 150, 150, 190 or 250 mOsm hypo-osmotic treatments of sodium citrate plus fructose and incubated at 37°C for 1 h. Total number of intact (live) sperm of raw, diluted and frozen-thawed semen was assessed before HOST. Diluted sperm showed higher (P<0.05) swellings of plasma membrane at 50
and 100 mOsm than raw sperm. Similarly, swellings of diluted sperm were' higher (P<0.05) than frozen-thawed sperm. Swellings of raw sperm were significantly higher (P<0.05) at 100, 150, 190 and 250 mOsm than frozenthawed sperm. A significant decrease (P<0.05) was found among percentage motility of raw (81±1.57), diluted (69.6±2.24) and frozen thawed (60.1 ±1.34) sperm. Live sperm were higher (P<0.05) in raw (174.4±7.33) and diluted semen (175.6±3.76) as compared to frozen-thawed semen (142.3±4.84). Although integrity of the acrosome of raw, diluted and frozen-thawed sperm did not differ (P>0.05), significan~ variation was found within bulls. In conclusion, fresh and frozen-thawed sperm behaved differently to HOST and the number of swollen sperm was higher in raw as compared to frozenthawed semen. Plasma membrane' integrity of raw and diluted sperm was compromised during freezing and thawing. However, freezing had no effect on acrosome integrity. Moreover, 100, 150 and 190. mOsm were found suitable to perform HOST.
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91.
Effect Of Hormone Addition (Pgf 2 Alpha) And Oxytocin In Semen Extender On Post Thaw Semen Quality And Fertility in Nili Ravi Buffaloes
by Dr. Rafaqat Ali | Dr. Muhammad Amir Saeed | Dr. Asim Aslam | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: This project was executed to improve the semen quality during freezing process and to improve subsequent fertility rate in Nili-Ravi buffaloes with hormones (PGF2a and oxytocin) supplementation. Pooled semen from Nih Ravi buffalo bulls (n2) was divided into 8 equal parts after complete evaluation and subjected to the hormonal treatments. PGF2a (Lutalyse®) @ 2.5mg, 5.0mg and 7.5mg and oxytocin (Cintocinon®) @ 2.5 I.U, 5.0 I.U and 7.5 I.U/lOOml of diluted semen were added. One group (-ye control) received indomethacin @ 20mg + PGF2a @ 5.Omg/lOOmi of diluted semen. One group remained without any treatment (+ve control). Semen was cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 4 h ours and frozen i n liquid nitrogen. After 24 hours of deep freezing, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay), acrosome integrity (NAR), viability (Live/Dead), longevity (hours) and fertility. Four (4) straws from each treatment group were thawed and pooled in 5m1 cuvette in water bath at 37°C and evaluated for quality parameters. Twenty five (25) straws from each treatment group were used to inseminate the buffaloes in standing estrus at 3 A.I centers (Phool nagar, Changa manga and Kot radlia kishen) in district Kasur. Pregnancy was checked 60 days post insemination. Data collected was presented as mean ± SEM, treatment groups were compared using ANOVA, unpaired two sample test and Pearson correlation at 5% level of confidence interval using Minitab® computer software. Results o f this study revealed that addition of both Lutalyse® (PGF2a) and Cintocinon® (oxytocin) did not show significant (P>0.05) improvement in any quality parameters measured and a non significant correlation was observed between treated groups and control except indomethacin and viability of spermatozoa where a significant negative correlati9n (r = -0.980) was found. However, blocking of seminal prostaglandins with indomethacin shows significant (P<0.05) deterioration in percentage motility, plasma membrane integrity, viability and longevity of spermatozoa but acrosome integrity remain unchanged. Results of fertility trial showed significant difference (P<0.5) among treatment groups. In conclusion, we can say that although hormonal addition did not improve semen quality but improve fertility rate, therefore, the importance of prostaglandins in semen can not be neglected. The W nature and physiological amount in buffalo semen should be investigated and maintained by exogenous addition after dilution during processing to maintain post thaw semen quality and fertility. However, it is suggested that pure forms of hormones should be used to add in semen instead of Lutalyse® as it contains 1.56% alcohol which is supposed to be detrimental to spermatozoa.
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92.
Molecular Detection Of Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis In Fresh And Cryopreserved Buffalo Sper Matozoa)
by Daulat Raheem Khan | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Dr. Irshad | Dr. Muhammad Amir Saeed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: The objectives of present study were a) to validate annexin V/Pl assay, for buffalo sperm, using graded doses of camptothecin through fluorescent microscopy (Exp. 1) and b) to determine the effect of stages of cryopreservation on apoptosis (PS externalization, using annexin V/PT assay), motility and plasma membrane integrity in buffalo sperm (Exp.2). In the first experiment graded doses of camptothecin were used (n=2) in different aliquots of sperm suspension (1x106/mL) for induction of apoptosis. Higher dose levels of camptothecin (10.0 iM and 20 jiM) resulted in inducing apoptosis (P<O.05) compared to the lower (5tM) dose or control. In the second experiment semen samples (n=9, from three bulls) were cryopreserved using vapor freezing. Annexin V/PI assay for apoptosis, visual assessment for percentage motility and hypo-osmotic swelling test for plasma membrane integrity were employed at various stages of cryopreservation (i.e. fresh, after equilibration and post thaw). The mean percentage of apoptotic, necrotic and viable sperm did not differ between fresh and after equilibration stages. However, freezing and thawing increased (P<0.05) the percentage of apoptotic sperm (25.4±0.6 vs. 36.5±1 .9) while decreased (P<0.05) the necrotic (29.7±0.7 vs. 35.1±1.2) and viable sperm (37.2±1.3 vs. 32.8±1.9, (P<0.07). Similarly, freezing and thawing decreased (P<0.05) the mean percentage motility and plasma membrane integrity, compared to other stages. Based upon the difference in initial and post thaw values of two variables (percent motility and percent apoptosis) it is concluded that apoptosis contributes more than 50% sperm motility loss during the process of freezing and thawing in buffalo.
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93.
Effect Of Supplementation Of Different Types Of Fat On Buffalo Semen Production And Quality
by Muhammad Adeel | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Dr. Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar | Dr.Amir Saeed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0969,T] (1).
94.
Assesment Of Buffalo Semen By Reduction Assay
by Muhammad Iqbal | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Prof.Dr.Ijaz Ahmad | Prof.Dr.Talat | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: In this study twenty Nili Ravi buffalo bulls were used. Semen was collected once weekly and each collection comprised two ejaculates .. Total volume of the semen was observed using graduated tube and the concentration by Spectrophotometer. Both the ejaculates were pooled and a representative sample of each collection was evaluated for viability using MTT Reduction Assay, Eosin and Nigrosin Staining, Hypo Osmotic Swelling Test and Motility.
The results of the study shows high correlation (r = 1.00) between the MTT reduction rate and the sperm viability. When the %age of MTT viable sperm cells were compared with the E&N, HOST and Motility a negative correlation was found suggesting the physiological difference between the tests. On the basis of this study it can be concluded that the MTT reduction Assay is an objective test and more reliable than the other tests which are more subjective and can be influenced by the experience of the indivi~
MTT Reduction Assay is more reliable test for the assessment of viability as it is simple and inexpensive. The results of our study suggest additional advantages of this test in evaluation ofNili Ravi Baffalo semen. Many samples and its replicates can be measured in the same time. It can be used successfully in routine analysis, where time, costs and practicability are important
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95.
Comparison Of Reproductive Efficiency Of Beetal Goats In Different Management
by Muhammad Younos | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Prof.Dr.Hafiz | Prof.Dr.Ijaz Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: The present study was conducted at two fanns (1) NH goat fann at Raiwind and (2) BN at Okara. The study consist the reproductive efficiency of beetal goats in different management systems. In this study we compared two management systems of goat production i.e. (1) seasonal (2) year round breeding were compared on the basis of reproductive efficiency and growth parameters, moreover cost effectiveness of the both systems were compared on the basis of their outcomes.
In this study, reproductive and productive parameters of n = 72 adult goats + 2 bucks in each flock were collected and analyzed. Data regarding pubertal and twinning of their progeny born during a period of a year were collected and compared. Goats of same breed and comparable ages and body weight, body condition scoring were used in this study. Study was carried out at similar period of time for one year.
The conception rate was higher at NH than BN goat fann. It was 0.809± 0.058 in BN and 0.88 ± 0.066 in NH respectively. The birth weight of male and female kids ofBN fann was higher than NH kids. It was (3.824 ±0.083 kg) in BN kids (3.513 ± 0.20 kg) in NH kids respectively. While the weight of female kids were (3.503 ±0.083 kg) in BN kids and (3.456 ± 0.10 kg) in NH kids. The age at puberty was higher at BN (245.3 ± 2.9 days) than NH goat fann (242.4 ±1.9 days). The kidding interval at BN was higher than NH flock. It was (314 ± 20 day) and (224.8 ± 0.915 days) days respectively. The post partum anestrous exhibited only in NH does, because in this fann the buck was free all around the year and after (50.0± 3.95 days) the does mate if they are in estrous, while in BN fann, bucks were free during the season. The body condition scoring (1-5 point) was higher in NH goats (2.44 ± 0.14) than BN goat fann (1.91 ± 0.11). The Body weight of does between both flocks were higher in BN (42.47 ± 0.92) than in N H goat farm (41.10 ± 1.9). The high concentrate feeding intake between two farms showed that the concentrate feed intake was higher in BN 491.5 ± 8.5 gm per day per goat than N H goat farm (146 ± 30 gm per day.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that the reproductive efficiency of Beetal goats in N H goat farm was higher than BN farm~ because the seasonal breeding at BN has limited the kidding frequency. Where as~ all year round breeding was efficient and the kidding distribution almost doubled in the same year. The cost of feeding was higher in BN than NH goat farm~ because they provide concentrate daily~ but the cost of labour and miscellaneous was higher in NH than BN goat farm. The management of feeding~ green fodder was higher and there were sufficient green fodder for whole year in NH goat farm. The reproductive performance of Beetal goats can be improved by good managemental systems and all year round breeding.
Research and development efforts can significantly improve reproductive efficiency of goats and simultaneously enhance the livelihood of the poor. Structuring the whole system via adapted reproductive techniques (thus allowing high levels of productivity). Findings of this study would be useful to determine the viability of systems on the basis of reproductive efficiency and may provide basic guidelines to establish goat farms in the future.
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96.
Development Of Physical And Reproductive Standards For Selection Of Sahiwal Bulls
by Ejaz Ahmad | Prof .Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Aleem | Prof.Dr.Nuhamm | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The present study is the first, to the best of our knowledge which demonstrate the physical and reproductive criteria for selection of Sahiwal sires to be used in Al. Although the artificial insemination (AT) is being practiced in Pakistan for the last 3-4 decades, however, no significant improvement in milk production has taken place in Sahiwal cattle. Perhaps one of the reasons that Sahiwal bulls used as AT sires were not screened through standard reproductive and productive criteria. Therefore the objectives of the present study were (1) to develop the standards of body weight and scrotal circumference (2) to determine the number of pixels of testes through Ultrasonography from birth until >100 months of age and (3) to develop standards for semen characteristics (volume, motility, concentration, morphology, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity) from puberty until 60 months of age in Sahiwal bulls. This study was carried out at following locations: LES Jhangirabad District Khanewal, SPU Qadirabad
District Sahiwal. The study was based on 128 Sahiwal bulls of different age groups (from o to >100 months of age). Bulls were evaluated for scrotal circumference (SC), body weight (BW) and number of pixels of testicular ultrasonograms (NP). Semen was evaluated once a week for 5 consecutive weeks from regularly donor bulls (n = 86) ranging in age from 25-30 to >100 mo. Semen volume, motility, concentration, morphology, percent live sperms, plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and normal acrosome (NAR) were compared between different age groups. Mean SC and BW increased (P<0.05) in a curvilinear manner from birth to >100 mo of age. Mean NP of testicular ultrasonograms increased (P<0.05) from 0 to 24 mo and then plateaued until
>100 mo of age. Body weight, SC, and NP were positively correlated with age from birth until >100 mo (r = 0.91, 0.87, 0.40 respectively). Ejaculate volume (5.7 ± 0.2 vs. 4.6 ± 0.09 ml) and sperm concentration (1281.6 ± 17.7 vs. 1115.8 ± 55.9 x 06/ml) increased (P<0.05) in mature bulls compared to younger ones. However, motility (68.6 ± 0.3%), plasma membrane integrity (50.8 ± 1.0%) and normal acrosome (74.8 ± 0.5%) remained insignificant due to age. In six of eight age groups studied morphological abnormalities were well within the range (18.1 ± 0.3%). In conclusion the BW, SC and NP of testicular ultrasonograms, ejaculate volume and concentration increased with age, moreover, semen quality is fairly independent of age except volume and concentration in Sahiwal bulls. These standards could serve as criteria for selecting young bulls as AT sires.
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97.
Effect Of Used Cidr (Controlled Internal Grug Releasing Device) And Fish Follicle Stumulating Hormone) On Estrus
by Zahid Naseer | Prof.Dr.Nasim Ahmad | Dr.Khalid Javed | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Aleem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: Reproductive efficiency is the primary factor affecting productivity in buffaloes, but is greatly hindered by weak estrus symptoms, long postpartum anoestrus and subsequent calving interval. The use of controlled internal drug release (CTDR) devices for the synchronization of estrus in cattle is now well accepted throughout the world. The use of CIDR devices has permitted the opportunity to synchronize estrus in buffaloes efficiently during the low breeding season. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of once used CIDR and FSH on estrus expression and pregnancy rate (PR) during low breeding season in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Two experiments were conducted during June-August, 2008. In experiment 1, buffaloes received either a used CIDR (UCIDR, n 26) or a new CIDR (NCTDR, n = 24) for 7 d and PGF2a on d 6. During the experiment, two CIDRs were lost in used CIDR group. At the end of the experiment 48 buffaloes were under observation; UCIDR (n = 22) and NCIDR (n = 26). Estrus detection was done twice daily. Buffaloes were inseminated, 12 and 24 hr after the onset of estrus. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 45 days post insemination using ultrasonography. Estrus expression was similar (P>0.05) between UCIDR (84.6 1%) and NCIDR (95.45%) buffaloes. The mean interval to estrus from PGF2x in UCIDR was 64.5 1.2 h compared to 68 ± 2.5 h in NCIDR (P>0.05). The pregnancy rate did not differ (P>0.05) due to treatment (34.61% in UCIDR vs. 36.36% in NCIDR). In experiment 2, buffaloes at unknown stages of estrous cycle received CIDRs on d 0 and PGF2a on d 6. Animals were either treated with two injections of FSH (5 I.U. i/rn at 12 hr interval; n = 10) starting at CIDR removal on d 7 or remaind untreated (Control, n 10). At the end
19 buffaloes were under observation because of lost of one CIDR from FSH group. Estrus detection, insemination and pregnancy diagnosis was similar as in experiment 1. FSH treatment did not affect the proportion of buffaloes expressing estrus, mean interval from PGF2a administration to estrus and. ovulation, size of ovulatory follicle or pregnancy rate (P>0.05; overall estrus expression rate (84.2%), interval to estrus from PGF2a (62.8 ± 3.3h) and interval to ovulation from estrus (35 ± 5.6h), ovulatory follicle size (10.55 ± 0.55 mm), pregnancy rate (26.3%). In conclusion, a) compared to NCJDR devices, previously UCIDR devices are equally effective to induce estrus and ovulation synchronization with comparable pregnancy rate in buffaloes during low breeding season and b) low dose FSH treatment at CIDR removal did not improve estrus expression or
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98.
To Study The Comparative Efficacy Of Cloprostenol And Estradio For The Treatment Of Endometritis In Cross Bred
by Saeed Ahmad Barvi | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Rashid Ahmad Ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of cioprostenol and estradiol for the treatment of 1st degree endornetrët:is in cross bred dairy cows.
One hundred and sixty cross bred cows suffering from 1st degree endometrétis were selected amongst the animals brought for A.I. or repeat breeding at different A.I.Centres/Sub-centres in Lahore city. After detailed gynaecological examination animals were randomly divided into four treatment groups. Forty cross bred cows in group 'A' were injected cloprostenol on day 10 of oestrous cycle and cured animals were
inseminated at the end of induced oestrus. Similarly were in group 'B' 40 cross bred cows were injected cloprostenol on day 10 of oestrous cycle and cured animals were inseminated at the end of oestrus that followed the induced one. in group 'C' endometretic bred cows were treated with estradiol intrauterinally for 3
alternate days of oestrous cycle and the cured animals were inseminated on next oestrus, Group 'D' comprised forty cross bred cows. This group served for all other groups as control. All the animals were inseminated without any treatment. After two months all the animals were palpated rectaly for pregnancy diagnosis. Only 144 animals could he traced for pregnancy diagnosis. While others died or were sold and transferred to untraceable places. The percent curative and conception rate observed in cloprostenol treated group 'A' (ind-oestus) were 75, 66.66, respectively. Similarly in group 'B' the percent curative and conception rate in cloprostenol treated (followed lind - oestrus) aimais were 87.50, 76.47. In estradiol treated animals the curative rate was 62.50% while conception rate observed was 60.86%. In control group only 40% animals conceived after insemination. On the basis of curative and conception rates cloprostenol was found better than stilboestrol for the treatment of 1st degree endometrtis. Moreover, in cloprostenol trente(1 group resti tt of inseminat ions in Tind oestrus was found better than induced one. Therefore, cloprostenol treatment is recommended as a drug of first choice for the treatment of 1st degree endometritis in cross bred diary cows.
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99.
Studies On The Senility Pattern In Relation To Reproductive Efficincy In Male Nili Ravi Buffalo
by Capt. Farman Ahmaed Jafri | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. M. Afzal | Dr. Rashid Ahmad Ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Thirty five Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls stationed at Semen Production Unit Qadirabad were selected for the subject study. All the bulls were normal and regular donar of semen at the station. They were splitted into ten groups according to their age. Each group was carrying three to four animals. A total of 560 ejaculates were collected. Senility pattern was represented by evaluating volume, mass motility, concentration, sperm abnormality, dead/live percentage and reaction time. The data on all these parameters was collected and statistically analyzed to investigate the effect of advancing age on various seminal characteristics and reaction time in buffalo bull.
Statistically, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was noticed for all the parameters among bulls of different age groups. Maximum ejaculate volume, sperm abnormality, percentage of dead spermatozoa and reaction time were observed in age groups IX and X. Minimum ejaculate volume, percentage of dead sperms and reaction .time were observed in age group I. Mass motility and sperm concentration were maximum in age group IV while minimum in age group IX. Minimum sperm abnormality was found in age group III.
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100.
Comparative Reproductive Efficiency Amonth Imported Holstein Friesian, Farm Bron Pure Bred Holstein Friesion And Sahiwal cows
by Shamim | Dr. Naeem Ullah Khan | Dr. Atta ur | Dr. Rashid A Ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: The present study aimed at comparative performance of Sahiwal and Holstein Friesian animals under sub-tropical environmental conditions of Pakistan. The breeding records of 152 Sahiwal and 114 Holstein Friesian (90 Imported Holstein Friesian and 24 dauhters of originally imported animals kept at Harichand) cows were studied during 1978-82. An effort was also made to study the influence of some of the environmental factors on the parameters of reproductive traits. The main salient features of some of the economic traits studied are summarised as follows:
1) Imported, Local born Holstein Friesian and Sahiwal cows matured at 571.16 ÷ 14.13, 689.25 ± 32.74 and 937.27 ± 17.3 days while these heifers calved for the first time at the age of 855.98 ± 15.49, 989.25 + 31.95 and 1354.86 ± 17.72 days, respectively. The data indicate that Imported Holstein Friesian matured at an early age as compared to their daughters and Sahiwal (118-366 days), further Imported heifers calved 134 and 499 days earlier than local born Holstein Friesian and Sahiwal cows.
2) The number of services requiredpei'' conception was 1.47 + 0.054, 1.32 + 0.09 and 2.50 ± 0.09 for Imported Holstein Friesian, their progenies and Sahiwal. The results revealed that more number of services were required for conception in Sahiwal than the other two groups(1.03 to 1.18).
3) The average service period of Imported Holstein Friesian, Farm-born and Sahiwal were found to be 134.18 ± 16.72, 121.03 ± 12.09 and 153.53 ± 15.22 days which shows 13 and 32 days early conception after parturition in Farm-born than Imported Holstein Friesian and Sahiwal cows. Calving season has not affected this trait significantly.
4) The gestation length for Imported Holstein Friesian,their daughters and Sahiwal averaged 278.66 ± 1.21, 282.38 ± 2.38 and 287.86 ÷ 0.61 days, respectively. The data indicate that on an average Sahiwal cows carry their calves 9.20 and 5.48 days more than Imported and Farm-born Holstein Friesian. Season - hEd nc significant affect on Gestation length.
5) The overall average length of calving interval was 411.41 ÷ 17.56, 382.71 ÷ 11.52 and 441.05 ÷ 15.7 days in Imported Holstein Friesian,their progenies and Sahiwal cows. Minimum and Maximum inter-calving period was observed in Farm born and Sahiwal cows. Maximum calving occured in Winter, Autumn and Spring in Imported, Farm-born and Sahiwal while the minimum calving was observed in Summer and Autumn correspondingly.
6) The average lactation length was 323.91, 310.4 and 274.72 days in Imported Holstein Friesian,their daughters and Sahiwal
cows showing 49.19 and 35.68 days shorter duration of Sahiwal than Imported and Farm-born Holstein Friesian,respectively.
7) Milk production of 305 days was 3608.05, 3574.6 and
1727.42 litres respectively. The result revealed that Imported
Holstein Friesian produced significantly more milk than their
contemporary.
8) The dry period averaged 72.51 ÷ 8.76, 81.76 ± 7.15 and
175.35 ÷ 13.61 days in Imported Holstein Friesian,their progenies and Sahiwal while post-partum oestrous period was found to
be as 94.42 ± 10.19, 102.39 ± 10.71 and 93.3 ± 7.45 days correspondingly.
9) The sex ratio of males and females was 59.15:40.85, 67.13 : 32.69 and 57:43 in Imported Holstein Friesiañ, Farm-born and Sahiwal, while culling and mortality percentage was 33.33 and 18.88 in Holstein Friesian while the corresponding figures for Sahiwal 43.42 and 1 .13 per cent.
10) The reproductive efficiency of Imported Holstein Friesian, Farm-born and Sahiwal cows averaged 88.83 ± 1.95, 88.56 ± 2.7 and 85.36 ÷ 14.27 percent respectively. The analysis of variance showed non significant difference in the reproductive efficiency of all the three groups.
Although milk production is higher than Sahiwal, however heigh incidence of mastitis and mortality were the major problems in Holstein Friesian. Further Improvement can be made through controlling mortality and mastitis. To import the exotic breeed in N.W.F.P. was the first attempt, so furthrer investigations are required to draw conclusions on the performance of their crosses with non-descriptive cattle breeds in N.W.F.P. under rural conditions.
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