1.
A Sonographic Diagnostic Study Of Tendinopathies And Traumatic Injuries Of Joints And Associated Soft Tissue Structures In Equines In And Around Lahore
by Azmat Ullah (2013-VA-440) | Dr. Shehla Gul Bokhari | Dr. Sadaf Aslam | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Diagnostic ultrasound was introduced as diagnostic modality in equines in 1982 by Rantanen. Horses are widely used across Pakistan for polo, race and draught purpose. Tendinopathies along with associated arthropathies and / or soft tissue trauma are common aliments among feet problems. However, no work has been done so far in Pakistan regarding the precise sonographic diagnosis of these problems and the seat of lameness, which results in the early culling of these horses. Advancements in diagnostic imaging have greatly improved the efficiency of the veterinarians in diagnosing soft tissues abnormalities. The present project was aimed to addressed these issues regarding precise lameness diagnosis in equines, with respect to sonographic presentation of the tendons, soft tissues and associated joints, and hence, to initiate precise diagnosis for effective treatment in future.
The study was designed to precisely diagnose and characterize the soft tissue injuries occurring concurrently with joint involvement, in the three predominant categories of horses in and around Lahore, viz., Race, Polo and draught-purpose.
For this purpose, twenty-four horses were divided into three groups i.e. A, B and C, each group comprising eight horses. Furthermore, each group were subdivided into two subgroups with four clinically sound horses and four unsound horses presented with soft tissues abnormalities occurring concurrently with or without joint involvement. The changes between sound and unsound structures were compared through intra-group and inter-group comparison.
The study was aimed towards practical needs in addressing to the precise sonographic diagnosis for the seat of lameness and characterization of the lesion. Conclusively, percentage
Summary
64
occurrence and degree of prognosis were assessed. Besides, it will futuristically augment in proper treatment of our precious animals.
Different soft tissue structures of various joints (elbow, carpus, MCP/MCT, stifle, and hock) were sonographically imaged both in sound and unsound horses for the percentage occurences of injuries in all the three group, along with degree of lameness, degree of pain, degree of range of motion in each joint and degree of prognosis. The parameters shown significant correlation with minor differences.
The study proved that occurrence of tendinopathies and associated joint trauma are more common in race horses than in polo and draught-purpose horses. The data regarding sonography of the joints was analyzed by using chi square test with the help of SPSS version 17.
The study can be used as a proven tool for the early diagnosis, prognosis of soft tissue abnormalities and facilitate both veterinarians and owners in long run and can also be used for treatment purposes.Diagnostic ultrasound was introduced as diagnostic modality in equines in 1982 by Rantanen. Horses are widely used across Pakistan for polo, race and draught purpose. Tendinopathies along with associated arthropathies and / or soft tissue trauma are common aliments among feet problems. However, no work has been done so far in Pakistan regarding the precise sonographic diagnosis of these problems and the seat of lameness, which results in the early culling of these horses. Advancements in diagnostic imaging have greatly improved the efficiency of the veterinarians in diagnosing soft tissues abnormalities. The present project was aimed to addressed these issues regarding precise lameness diagnosis in equines, with respect to sonographic presentation of the tendons, soft tissues and associated joints, and hence, to initiate precise diagnosis for effective treatment in future.
The study was designed to precisely diagnose and characterize the soft tissue injuries occurring concurrently with joint involvement, in the three predominant categories of horses in and around Lahore, viz., Race, Polo and draught-purpose.
For this purpose, twenty-four horses were divided into three groups i.e. A, B and C, each group comprising eight horses. Furthermore, each group were subdivided into two subgroups with four clinically sound horses and four unsound horses presented with soft tissues abnormalities occurring concurrently with or without joint involvement. The changes between sound and unsound structures were compared through intra-group and inter-group comparison.
The study was aimed towards practical needs in addressing to the precise sonographic diagnosis for the seat of lameness and characterization of the lesion. Conclusively, percentage
Summary
64
occurrence and degree of prognosis were assessed. Besides, it will futuristically augment in proper treatment of our precious animals.
Different soft tissue structures of various joints (elbow, carpus, MCP/MCT, stifle, and hock) were sonographically imaged both in sound and unsound horses for the percentage occurences of injuries in all the three group, along with degree of lameness, degree of pain, degree of range of motion in each joint and degree of prognosis. The parameters shown significant correlation with minor differences.
The study proved that occurrence of tendinopathies and associated joint trauma are more common in race horses than in polo and draught-purpose horses. The data regarding sonography of the joints was analyzed by using chi square test with the help of SPSS version 17.
The study can be used as a proven tool for the early diagnosis, prognosis of soft tissue abnormalities and facilitate both veterinarians and owners in long run and can also be used for treatment purposes. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2272-T] (1).
2.
Comparative Efficacy Of Injectable And Inhalation Anesthesia In Pigeons
by Matiur Rehman (2013-VA-858) | Dr. Sadaf Aslam | Dr. Uzma Farid Durrani | Dr. M. Ovais Omer.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: General anesthesia is frequently used throughout the word in birds and experimental animals for different purposes. There are two techniques were used for general anesthesia, one is injectable and other is inhalational. Different drugs used for injectable anesthesia are ketamine, medetomidine, detomidine, xylazine etc. Drugs used for inhalational anesthesia include isoflurane, sevoflurane, nitrous oxide, halothane etc.
The present study was conducted to compared the different injectable and inhalational anesthetics for their effect on temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, induction time, anesthesia time, recovery duration and oxygen saturation in birds of different groups.
For this purposes 15 pigeons were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups A, B and C. Each group contained 5 pigeons. Group A was treated with ketamine, group B with xylazine and group C with isoflurane. After administration of these drugs with respect to their group then we noted the temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate for every 15 min interval, and also noted the induction time, anesthesia time, and recovery duration for each group. Oxygen saturation was checked only in group C.
The result of our trial was that, the ketamine treated pigeons of group A showed hypothermia, bradycardia and respiratory depression. The induction and recovery was fast but rough while the duration of anesthesia was long.
The xylazine treated pigeons of group B also showed hypothermia, bradycardia and respiratory depression but their induction and recovery time was long and smooth. The muscles relaxation was present and there was low quality anesthesia, about all reflexes were present.
Summary
37
The birds of group C which were treated with isoflurane did not show any significant change in temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate (TPR) and oxygen saturation. The induction and recovery both were fast and smooth. The duration of anesthesia was desirable, how long duration we need it gave the anesthesia of choice.
The present study proved that isoflurane was the best anesthetic for the painful and long surgeries. The muscles relaxation was good. It has no side effects. The effect of isoflurane on TPR was negligible. The induction and recovery both are rapid and smooth. By using isoflurane all reflexes were absent. The data of injectable and inhalational anesthesia was analysed by ANOVA ONE, least significant difference (LSD) in all groups and pair t test in group C with the help of SPSS version 20.
Isoflurane can be used as safe and durable anesthetic in pet birds as well as in animals. It has low cost as compared to other inhalant anesthetics like sevoflurane etc. It facilitate both owner and veterinarian in long run surgeries or other painful procedures.
The results of this study helped the surgeons to choose the effective anesthetics both injectable or inhalational for performing safe surgery or other painful procedures to avoid adverse effects of anesthetics in different clinically birds. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2395-T] (1).
3.
Total Ear Canal Ablation With And Without Lateral Bulla Osteotomy In Dogs
by Muhammad Ismail (2013-VA-603) | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood | Dr. Zia Ullah | Dr. Waseem Yaqoob.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: The dog is one of the ancient pet animals which man is keeping for centuries. There are a number of infectious and non-infectious diseases from which the dogs suffer. Ear as an important part of the body also suffers from many diseases such as otitis externa, otitis media and otitis interna. The inflammatory ailment of external ear canal is called as otitis externa. In small animal practice 10-20% of the admitted dogs are reported with problem have the problem of otitis externa. There are different techniques for the treatment of otitis externa such as medicinal and surgical procedures. Among the surgical procedures the one procedure is total ear canal ablation. Total ear canal ablation is procedure in which both horizontal and vertical ear canals are surgically removed. In case of unresponsive condition of the skin, there is preference of TECA over lateral ear resection and should be done in combination with a lateral bulla osteotomy.
The present study was conducted on 16 clinical cases of Pet Centre, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore. The dogs were divided into two groups A and B, each group with 8 dogs. Group A was surgically operated for total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy (LBO) and was further divided into two groups (A-I, A-II), in which 4 dogs were surgically treated by TECA-LBO along with surgical placement of a passive drain system (Group A-I) and remaining 4 dogs were treated by TECA-LBO without placing the drain (Group A -II). Group B was surgically operated for total ear canal ablation without lateral bulla osteotomy, it was further divided into two groups (B-I, B-II), in which 4 dogs were surgically treated by TECA along with surgical placement of a passive drain system (Group B-I) and remaining 4 dogs were treated by TECA without placing the drain (Group B -II).
Summary
38
Out of total 16 dogs from all 4 subgroups having 4 dogs in each, wound infection was present in total 1, 2 and 1 dog of group A-I, B-I and B-II respectively, while there was no wound infection in all dogs of group A-II. Out of the total 16 dogs from all 4 subgroups having four dogs in each wound was healed in total 3, 4, 2 and 3 dogs in group in A-I, A-II, B-I and B-II respectively, while there was no healing of wound in total 1, 2 and 1 dog of group A-I, B-I and B-II respectively. The results of white blood cell count for present study showed that out of total 16 dogs from all 4 subgroups having 4 dogs in each, white blood count was different from normal range in total 1, 2 and 1 dogs of group A-I, B-I and B-II respectively indicating the infection while white blood cell count was in normal range of total 3, 4, 2 and 3 dogs in group A-I, A-II, B-I and B-II respectively. The result of present study for the wound complications showed that out of total 16 dogs from all 4 subgroups having 4 dogs in each, there were presence of complications in total 1, 2 and 1 dog of group A-I, B-I and B-II respectively, while there was no wound complication in all dogs of group A-II. It can be concluded from the results of wound infection, wound healing time, white blood cell count and wound complications for the present study, total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy is a comparatively better technique then total ear canal ablation alone. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2409-T] (1).
4.
Comparison Of Oral And Ventral Laryngotomy Approaches Of Vocal Cordectomy In Dogs
by Zohaib Khan (2013-VA-612) | Dr. Uzma Farid Durrani | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Phonation is a way of communication for dogs and it quite normal for dog to bark under certain conditions but sometimes due to mismanagement and negligence too much phonation may become the worst part of dog keeping causing nuisance. There are different techniques that can be adopted to treat this problem. One of these techniques is surgical devocalization. Devocalization refers to the partial or complete excision of vocal cords that emit sound.
The present study was conducted on 10 clinical cases of dogs divided into 2 groups, each with 5 dogs. One group was operated for vocal cordectomy through oral approach while the other group was operated for vocal cordectomy through ventral laryngotomy approach. The parameters of this research were studied for the period of 2 months.
The study results were analyzed using Chi-square test on SPSS version 17.0. The results showed that in early post surgical period there was no significant difference of phonation after both surgical techniques however, a significant difference of phonation was observed between dogs operated through oral and ventral laryngotomy surgical techniques of vocal cordectomy during late post surgical period means 10 days after surgery.
On the basis of the results of this study it was concluded that ventral Laryngotomy approach is better than oral approach for vocal cordectomy in terms of better controlled of hyper phonation however, ventral laryngotomy approach is likely to be associated with a higher chances of post surgical complications Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2414-T] (1).
5.
Comparative Efficacy Of Autograft And Synthetic Bone Graft For The Repair Of Bone Defects
by Amjad Islam | Dr. Zia Ullah | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Bone graft was considered as the most commonly transplanted tissue to enhance ability to heal fractures, fracture complications and bone defects. Autologous (or autogenous) bone grafting involves utilizing bone obtained from the same individual receiving the graft. Autogenous bone graft was considered to be the gold standard for replacement of lost tissue. New bone graft substitutes have been devised in recent decades such as synthetic bone graft i.e. poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), demineralized bone matrix (DBM), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), calcium phosphate (CP), calcium sulfate (CS), hydroxyapatite (HA), highly purified bovine and xenograft , but clinical evidence of their efficacy varies among clinical and experimental studies.
Autograft (along with full cerclage wiring) was a better technique than poly methyla methacrylate (PMMA) for repair of bone defects in animals.
A total of 16 rabbits were divided into two groups i.e. group I and group II, 12-14 weeks of average age having average body weight of 1.5 kg were selected randomly and maintained at Pet Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, UVAS, Lahore. Then, a defect were experimentally created having dimension 4.5 mm wide and 8 mm deep using a lateral surgical approach in left femur in all the animals of each experimental group. Post-operative evaluation was done on the basis of radiological findings, degree of lameness and histopathology findings for the comparison of autograft and synthetic bone graft.
Summary
68
Conclusion
It was concluded from the present study that autograft was superior to poly methyl methacrylate by radiological findings, degree of lameness and histopathological findings. Autografting was the gold standard for fracture healing to be biocompatible, osteogensis, osteinductive and osteoconductive. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2407-T] (1).
6.
Study On Autologous And Homologous Platelet Rich Plasma As A Surgical Wound Healing Promoter In Rabbits
by Muhammad Shahid Tahir (2012-VA-996) | Dr. Uzma Farid Durrani | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Wound healing is a complex process in which tissue repairs itself with the complete or incomplete regeneration. During recent years, new advances have been employed in the monarchy of tissue healing by initiation of use of platelet rich plasma (PRP) as a wound healing promoter in both soft and hard tissue surgeries. Platelet rich plasma is highly potentiated with growth and healing factors that can lead to marked acceleration in the tissue adaptation, repair and healing as compared to PRP non-facilitated healing process. This study was conducted on 16 adult healthy rabbits contributing 2 different groups, each group with 8 rabbits. Rabbits of both groups were surgically operated for skin autogenous grafting. Group A received an application of autologous PRP subcutaneously and in the surroundings of the graft defect, while group B received homologous PRP. Efficacy of both autologous and homologous PRP was evaluated on the basis of selected macroscopic and microscopic (histopathological) parameters of tissue repair and healing. The results, obtained in form of grades, were statistically analyzed by graphical representations. A successful use of autologous and homologous PRP with the desired results did not only boost up the surgical success rate in the specie under study but it opened a new vista on the same lines for other species to bring a better wound healing process. This study uprooted the conventional methods of managing wounds associated with injuries and helped the animals to get confidently satisfactory health status. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2452-T] (1).
7.
Comparative Efficacy Of Polypropylene And Polyester Mesh For The Repair Of Abdominal Wall Defect In Pigeons
by Muhammad Naveed Ali (2007-VA-114) | Dr. Hamad Bin Rashid | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Polypropylene is a widely used biomaterial for the treatment of ventral abdominal wall hernias. It exhibit pain, prominent inflammatory response and foreign body reaction. Polyester (Polyethylene terephthalate) is hydrophilic material works with body’s natural systems to improve tissue integration while reducing negative foreign material response. Polyester offers extremely lower pain intensity and less foreign body reaction.
The purpose of designated research was to compare the efficacy of polypropylene and polyester meshes for the treatment of abdominal defect. Both are non-absorbable meshes. Polypropylene mesh is available in Pakistan with the trade name of Prolene® (Ethicon,Johnson & Johnson, USA). Polyester mesh is not available inPakistan and was acquired from Al Zahrawi Medical, a local healthcare company in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Polyester mesh is available with brandname of (Parietex®, Covidien, France).
The experimental study was conducted on 16 (sixteen) healthy pigeons presented for massive abdominal defect repair. All birds were thoroughly examined to rule out any other anomaly before study. The birds were allocated into two different groups, viz. Group A and Group B with 8 birds in each group respectively. All treatments were administered intramuscularly using 1 ml insulin syringe. The Polypropylene mesh (Prolene®, Ethicon) was used for the treatment of abdominal repair for group A. The birds of group B was treated with Polyester mesh (Parietex®, Covidien). Ventral abdominal wall repair was performed in both groups using Polypropylene and Polyester mesh respectively. The surgery was performed at Surgery Section, Department of CMS, UVAS, Lahore for 3 months duration (including adaptation and postoperative period). Both meshes were compared on the basis of postoperative complications (wound healing, pain evaluation, hematoma, seroma and abscess formation), inflammatory responses and adhesion formation after application of mesh fixation.
During experiment, it was observed that polypropylene mesh resulted in a prominent pain sensation, persistent inflammatory reaction, proliferating fibroblast, more granulating tissue, macrophages appearance, increased connective tissue thickness and proliferating collagen fibre. It was observed that Polyester mesh resulted in less pain sensation, no foreign body reaction, no neutrophil appearance and rare granulating tissue. Polyester mesh showed remarkable advantages over polypropylene mesh in terms lower pain level, reduced size seroma and extremely less scar tissue formation.
Based upon all the findings it was concluded that polyester mesh is safer and more effective in terms of post-operative complications and outcomes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2495-T] (1).
8.
Crop Repair Using Different Ingluviotomy Techniques In Pigeon
by Rashid Hussain (2007-VA-138) | Dr. Naveed Hussain | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood | Dr. Waseem Yaqub.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Crop is the pivotal organ of the birds’ body. The primary function of the crop is the storage of food. When the crop is full,it becomes more prominent as well as slight pendulous and more prone to trauma. Such wounds lead to the crop fistula formation in birds. Fortunately crop has a good blood supply and heals well. Ingluviotomy performed by making an incision on left lateral cervical region over the crop to minimize disruption of vasculature and complications associated with tube feeding in recovery period. The present study was conducted to compare the different suturing techniques for Ingluviotomy in pigeons (Columba livia domestica).Thirty Pigeons weighing between 275 gm to 350 gm were managed from nearby area of Lahore and were kept in experimental cages of Surgery Section (CMS) of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. The present study was conducted to compare the different suturing techniques along with glue for Ingluviotomy in pigeons (Columba livia domestica).These pigeons were divided into three experimental groups i.e. Group A, B and C comprising ten pigeons each. In group A comprising of ten (10) pigeons underwent single layer closure with the help of absorbable suture material (Vicryl®) 4-0 using simple continuous suture pattern. Temperature, pulse and respiration were observed at different days from day 1 to day 30 in all groups. The pigeon of group A (single layer closure), showed more variation in temperature, pulse and respiration as compared with the group B ( double layer closure) and C (closure with glue). The bird of group B showed less variation in temperature, pulse and respiration and was normal after few days of surgery. The birds of group C also showed fever and rise in temperature but it was less than the birds of group A and showed more variation in temperature, pulse respiration than birds of group B. Pigeons in Group A (single layer closure) showed poor healing in overall period. At day 30 only 30% of the birds showed complete healing while 40% bird were still in healing phase, the dead percentage was 30. While in term of leakage at day 20, zero percent of the birds
SUMMARY
49
showed leakage while no leakage percentage was 70% and the dead percentage was 30. Pigeons in Group B (double layer closure) showed significant good healing during the research period. At day 30 total of 80% of the birds were completely healed while 20 % bird in healing phase, percentage of no wound healing and the dead was zero. In term of leakage, at day 20 total of 100% of the birds were showed no leakage, leakage percentage was zero percent and the dead percentage was zero. In group C ( closure with glue) At day 30 , 50% of the birds were completely healed, 20% birds were in healing phase, no wound healing percentage was 10% , dead percentage was 20 and wound dehiscence was zero percent. While in term of leakage, at day 20 only 50% of the birds showed no leakage, leakage percentage was 30% and the dead percentage was 20 %. In term of postmortem changes it was noticed that fibrosis and narrowing of crop lumen was less in double layer closure birds it showed good healing. In birds treated with single layer closure showed more fibrosis and narrowing of crop lumen while in group where glue is used less narrowing of crop lumen and more fibrosis was seen which showed poor healing.
Conclusion
The verdict based explanations for better and reliable closure technique for ingluviotomy in pigeons using double layer closure is that this procedure enables proper apposition of crop edges and in addition, there is less tension at apposed site. Besides this, there is more vascular supply in the crop area,that enhances faster and reliable healing of crop repair. As the double layer closure stands to be novel procedure for crop repair, it should be used by avian surgeons worldwide. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2518-T] (1).
9.
Effect Of Platelet Rich Plasma On Full Thickness Skin Transplant In Dogs
by Ali Raza (2009-VA-154) | Dr. Uzma Farid Durrani | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood | Dr. Haroon Akbar.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Wound healing is a complicated mechanism that includes inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling stages. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a small volume of blood plasma fortified with platelets and growth factors that enhance the healing by stimulating proliferation of blood vessels and formation of granulation tissue.
The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of autologous and homologous platelet rich plasma on full thickness skin transplant reconstructive surgery in dogs. The dogs were divided in two groups A and B, each with four clinical cases. In groups A and B, autologous and homologous PRP was used respectively as skin graft healing promoter. The macroscopic parameters of the study included colour, edema, exudation and microscopic parameters acute inflammation, fibroblast proliferation and granulation tissue formation. All these observations were made on 3, 7 and 14 days post-operatively. Conclusion On the basis of findings of this study: it was concluded that autologous PRP is a better wound healing promoter as compared to homologous PRP with minimal post operative complications.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2555-T] (1).
10.
Comparison Of Suturing And Sutureless Techniques For Gastrotomy Closure In Canines
by Muhammad Atif (2007-VA-133) | Dr. Naveed Hussain | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Jawaria Ali Khan.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Gastrotomy is suggested in case of gastric dilatation with volvolus, gastric foreign bodies, gastric retention, out flow obstruction, hypertropicgastropathy, gastric neoplasia, and gastroduodenal ulceration. Gastrotomy closure technique after gastric surgery is very crucial to avoid post-operative complication like peritonitis. Different techniques are considered to close gastric incisions like absorbable suturing material, stapler suture and use of adhesive glue. These techniques give different kind of effects on gastrotomy closure.
The present study was carried out on 12 adult mongrel dogs with an average of 15 to 20 kg body weight. They were divided into three groups, each group having 4 animals and designated as group A, B and C. Standard Gastrotomy procedure was performed in group A B and C. After performing surgery, the dogs of group A were sutured by cushing suture, followed by continuous lambert suture by 2/0 synthetic absorbable suture. While in group B dogs, stapler sutures were used to close gastric incision and in dogs of group C, incision site was closed through use of tissue adhesive glue (cyanoacrylate).
Comparison of all suturing and sutureless techniques was carried out through Physical evaluation, food, water intake and defecation, Weight loss / gain, Complete Blood Count, Leakage evaluation by contrast radiography and postmortem findings. It was concluded that suturing technique (using absorbable suture material in two layers) maybe considered much better than other two methods (adhesive glue and stapling) economically, due to use of ease and least post-operative complication. Although glue may be considered as second option due to easy handling, minimum fibrosis, least stenosis and better healing time. Stapling may be the third one
SUMMARY
55
because it experiences difficulty to fire, greater chances of infection due to staples and more prone to leakage and stenosis.
The results of this study will help veterinarian, field workers and pet practioners to use suturing technique as most effective and appropriate technique for gastrotomy closure in terms of better healing, less blood loss and least chances of post operation complications. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2559-T] (1).
11.
Study On The Repair Of Long Oblique Mid-Shaft Femoral Fracture In Domestic Fowl, Using Full Cerclage Wires With Or Without Intra-Medullary Pin
by Muhammad Waqas (2008-VA-224) | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Hammad Bin Rashid | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Fracture is a challenging problem in domestic as well as wild birds. Caged birds are
prone to stress and self-injury. Wing and leg fractures in birds are most common problems. The
fracture of bones is common in avian species as a result of impact injuries due to collision with
branches, electric lines or other obstacles, either natural or anthropogenic. The basic principles of
fracture fixation are the same in birds and mammals. Fractures treated with biomechanically
sound fixation and proper attention to soft tissues will be most likely to heal with a functional
outcome. However, osteomyelitis, bone sequestration, and joint ankylosis still continue to be
major factors in inhibiting healing and bone functionality.
This research project was designed with the aim to test the effectiveness and accuracy of
three sets of bone splintage devices in healing long oblique mid-shaft femoral fractures in birds,
with minimal side effects and stress to the patient.
The Study was conducted on 12 adult, domestic fowls of either sex. The birds were
received as clinical cases presented with long oblique femoral fracture at Pet Centre, University
of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore. They were individually marked with coloured plastic
rings for the sake of identification. They were divided into three groups i.e. Group A , Group B
and Group C comprising four birds each, which were designated as I, II, III, and IV respectively.
In the birds of Group A long oblique femoral fracture was reduced and immobilized with
intramedullary pinning, with pin size between 2.5mm to 3.0mm. While in Group B, similar
fracture was treated with 2 – 3 full cerclage wiring. And in the final Group C both of the above
techniques were applied simultaneously i.e. IM pin with 2 – 3 cerclage wires. The birds were
maintained in separate cages post-operatively until the completion of the study.
Subsequent comparative parameters were studied which included physical examination
of wound, lameness grading, radiological scoring for callus formation, fracture line union,
SUMMARY
74
fracture alignment as well as callus remodelling. The collected data regarding study parameters
was illustrated by descriptive statistics and non-parametric analysis of variance (Kruskal Walis
Test) using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.
Conclusion:
Therefore, as advocated by the results of this study, intramedullary pinning (preferably
threaded) with at least 2 – 3 full cerclage wiring was a better choice for the correction of a long
oblique mid-shaft femoral fracture in domestic fowl. The combination of both these techniques
together give a strong backbone for bone healing to take place with minimum amount of stress to
the bone fragments. Both these techniques were easy, required little soft tissue manipulation,
were cost-effective, required less equipment and could easily be applied by an average
practitioner. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2653-T] (1).
12.
Effect Of Unilateral And Bilateral Thyroidectomy On Hormonal And Biochemical Parameters In Dogs
by Mehmood Ur Rehman (2009-VA-177) | Dr. Hamid Akbar | Prof. Dr.M.Arif Khan | Dr. Muti ur Rehman Khan.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Thyroid gland is one of the most important endocrine gland of animal body. T3 and T4 are two major hormones secreted by thyroid gland. These hormones have a major role in metabolism of cells and organs. In normal thyroid both these hormones have anabolic effect. Thyroid tumors account for 1.2-3.8 % of all types of tumors in dogs. Unilateral, bilateral or subtotal thyroidectomies are practiced to remove benign or malignant thyroid carcinomas.
The present study was conducted on 12 mongrel dogs. These dogs were rendered to 3 groups with 4 dogs in each group. One group acted as control, in which no surgery was performed, second group underwent unilateral removal of thyroid gland while the third group underwent bilateral removal of thyroid gland. Free thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone level, calcium, W.B.Cs, R.B.Cs and haemoglobin concentration were monitored for 21 days post-operatively.
The data was expressed as mean and standard deviation. Results of the study were analysed by 2 samples T-test, one way ANOVA using multiple comparison test on SPSS version 16.0.
Based on these results it was concluded that bilateral thyroidectomy was effective in relieving hyperthyroidism but there is a need to immediately initiate levothyroxine therapy. Free T4 level drops near to zero by day 21 and TSH level rises by many folds. On the other hand, in unilateral procedure Free T4 level remain in normal range and 75% of dogs require no levothyroxine therapy. Level of calcium in unilateral and bilateral thyroid removal remains within normal range provided parathyroid glands are preserved properly. Haemoglobin concentration in both the procedures is reduced significantly postoperatively. There is a need to monitor blood parameters postoperatively. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2657-T] (1).
13.
Comparative Efficacy Of Xylocaine Hcl And Bupivacaine Hcl For Ophthalmic Anesthesia In Horses
by Muhammad Asad Islam (2012-VA-576) | Dr. Sadaf Aslam | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Ophthalmic procedures can be performed by many clinicians in horses using local nerve blocks by using local anaesthetics for short duration of action for completion of these procedures. These surgical procedures may involve exclusion of third eyelid, suturing of laceration around eye orbit and tumor which can be caused due to any reason with in time period of thirty minutes. Inner chamber centesis can be done easily by using the above mentioned technique in standing horse.
There are numerous benefits of doing standing surgical methods and avoiding general anaesthesia in horses. As hospitalizing horse may get other infectious diseases from surroundings like colitis and laminitis and also injured it when recovering from general anaesthesia. On the other hand standing surgical procedure reduced such complication by using local anaesthetic for short duration.
Bupivacaine Hcl gave an ideal local eye anaesthesia compare to xylocaine Hcl for standing surgical procedures in horses.
The present study was accomplished to assess the effectiveness of two local eye anaesthetics; xylocaine Hcl and bupivacaine Hcl by two different techniques i.e. retrobulbar technique and auriculopalpebral technique in horses. A total of 12 horses from indoor clinic and S.P.C.A were used in this study. These horses were subjected to two groups’ i.e. Group A and B. Each of these groups was further subdivided into two subgroups i.e. Group AI, AII and BI, BII respectively.
SUMMARY
42
Horses in group A were administered xylocaine Hcl through auriculopalpebral technique and retrobulbar technique. While horses of subgroup AI were given xylocaine Hcl by auriculopalpebral technique and horses in subgroup AII were injected xylocaine Hcl by retrobulbar technique.
Likewise horses in subgroup BI were given bupivacaine Hcl by auriculopalpebral technique, while those of subgroup BII were given bupivacaine Hcl through retrobulbar technique. The efficacy of above mentioned local anaesthetics was compared on the basis of Pattern of induction, Duration of anaesthesia and Recovery Pattern. Presence or absence of reflexes was also noted i.e. Pupillary Light Reflex and Blink reflex.
The data were analyzed through one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The difference in group’s means was determined by Least Significant Difference (LSD) post-hoc test. A probability level of (P<0.05) was considered as statistically significantly difference. The statistical analysis was performed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version16. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2679-T] (1).
14.
Comparative Evaluation Of “Onlay” Versus “Intraperitoneal Onlay” Novel Polyester Meshplasty In Ventral Hernia Of Rabbits
by Bilal Ahmed Shah (2010-VA-196) | Dr. Hamad Bin Rashid | Dr. Ayesha Safdar | Dr. Mamoona Chaudhry.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Polyester (Polyethylene terephthalate) is hydrophilic material works with the body’s natural systems to improve tissue integration while reducing negative foreign material response. Polyester offers extremely lower pain intensity and less foreign body reaction. The purpose of designated research was to compare the efficacy of two placement techniques “Onlay” versus “Intraperitoneal Onlay” polyester meshplasty for the treatment of ventral hernia. Polyester is a non-absorbable mesh. Polyester mesh is not available in Pakistan and was acquired from a local healthcare company in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Polyester mesh is available with brand name of (Parietex®, Covidien, France).
The experimental study was conducted on 24 (twenty four) healthy rabbits presented for massive ventral hernia repair. All rabbits were thoroughly examined to rule out any other anomaly before the study. The rabbits were allocated into two different groups, viz. group-A and group-B with 12 rabbits in each group respectively. All treatments were administered intramuscularly using 1 ml insulin syringe. The “Onlay Polyester Meshplasty” (Parietex®, Covidien) a placement technique that was used for the treatment of ventral hernia in group-A. The rabbits of group-B were treated with “Intraperitoneal Polyester Meshplasty” (Parietex®, Covidien) placement technique. Ventral herniorhaphy was performed in both groups using Polyester mesh with two different placement techniques. The surgery was performed at Surgery Section, Department of CMS, UVAS, Lahore for 3 months duration (including adaptation and postoperative period). Both techniques were compared on the basis of postoperative complications (wound healing, pain evaluation, hematoma, seroma and abscess formation), inflammatory responses and adhesion formation after application of mesh fixation.
SUMMARY
47
During the experiment, it was observed that “Onlay Polyester Meshplasty” resulted in a prominent pain sensation, persistent inflammatory reaction, proliferating fibroblast, more granulating tissue, macrophages appearance, increased connective tissue thickness and proliferating collagen fiber. It was observed that “Intraperitoneal Polyester Meshplasty” resulted in less pain sensation, no foreign body reaction, no neutrophil appearance and rare granulating tissue. “Intraperitoneal Polyester Meshplasty” showed remarkable advantages over “Onlay Polyester Meshplasty” in terms lower pain level, reduced size seroma and extremely less scar tissue formation. Based upon all the findings it was concluded that “Intraperitoneal Polyester Meshplasty” placement technique is safer and more effective in terms of post-operative complications and outcomes. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2809-T] (1).
15.
Comparative Efficacy of Different Techniques in Tracheal End to End Anastomosis
by Muhammad Saad Uzair (2009-VA-181) | Dr. Naveed Hussain | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: CD Corrupt. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2808-T] (1).
16.
Comparative Efficacy Of Ketamine-Xylazine-Tramadol Combination With Ketamine-Xylazine-Ketorolac Tromethamine In Dogs
by Ameer Hamza Rabbani (2009-VA-58) | Dr. Hamad Bin Rashid | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Mamoona Chaudhry.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: The study was designed on the premise that use of Ketamine-Xylazine-Tramadol combination was more efficacious in providing better depth of anesthesia and postoperative analgesia than the combination of Ketamine-Xylazine-Ketorolac tromethamine.
Two separate combinations of anesthetic cocktails i.e. ketamine-xylazine-tramadol and ketamine-xylazine-Ketorolac tromethamine were tested for their comparative efficacies. A total of 8 mongrel adult clinically healthy male dogs between 1 to 2 years of age which were presented to clinic for castration, were managed in to two groups comprising 4 (n=4) individuals in each. These groups were designated as group A and B. General and clinical examination of the animal, LFT and RFT were performed prior to surgery. Atropine was administered at dose rate of 0.04mg/kg SC twenty minutes prior to the surgery. Both anesthetic regiments were used respectively in either groups and their efficacy was tested based upon the depth of anesthesia and postoperative analgesia.
In case of group A ketamine was used at a dose rate of 6mg/kg, xylazine at 0.5mg/kg and tramadol at a dose rate of 2mg/kg. These anesthetic agents were administered intramuscularly. The time it took for onset of sedation and depth of anesthesia was monitored, while presence of ocular, oropharyngeal, and anal sphincter reflexes indicated induction, depth, maintenance and recovery from sedation. In case of group B, ketamine was used at a dose rate of 6mg/kg, xylazine at 0.5mg/kg and ketorolac tromethamine at a dose rate of 0.5mg/kg. These anesthetic agents were administered intramuscularly. The time it took for onset of sedation and depth of anesthesia were monitored, while presence of ocular, oropharyngeal, and anal sphincter reflexes indicated induction, depth, maintenance and recovery from sedation. Surgical procedure for castration was
SUMMARY
58
performed as surgical plane of anesthesia was acquired. Postoperatively, Intramuscular antibiotics were injected for 5 days to avoid secondary bacterial infections to wounds. Cleaning of the wound with good antiseptic solution and excellent hygienic measures were adopted to minimize infection. Balanced diet was given to improve health of animals. LFT and RFT were performed preoperatively (baseline), and one hour postoperatively in each dog. The measurements were analyzed as change from baseline in each dog.
The results were statistically analyzed using t-test with significant level 0.05% (p≤0.05), using statistical analysis software Statistica. The results of temperature, pulse and respiration were statistically analyzed using t-test with significant level 0.05% (p≤0.05). Observations pertaining to depth and quality of sedation were analyzed by using t-test with statistical analysis software Statistica. Statistical significance was assigned at p≤0.05.
This study was helpful in determining efficacy of tramadol an opioid against ketorolac tromethamine which is an NSAID. This study emphasized upon discovering the most efficacious adjuvant to anesthetic combination of ketamine and xylazine. This study aimed to reduce the dose of xylazine without compromising the anesthetic effect of the combination while mitigating its side effects as well. This study provided us with a viable analgesic agent which may be administered peri-operatively to provide analgesia during immediate post-surgery period. Furthermore magnitude of improvement in depth of anesthesia helped determine an effective and cheap adjuvant to ketamine-xylazine combination. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2807-T] (1).
17.
Comparative Efficacy of Different Surgical Techniques and Suturing Patterns for Cystotomy in Rabbits
by Uroosa Anjum (2015-VA-601) | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Sadaf Aslam | Dr. Raheela Akhtar.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: CD Corrupt. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2814-T] (1).
18.
Comparative Efficacy Of Surgical And Chemical Methods Of Neutering In Toms
by Zubda Rehman (2015-VA-600) | Dr. Ayesha Safdar Choudhary | Dr. Hammad Bin Rashid | Dr.Arfan Ahmed.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Sterilization of animals is the most common veterinary practice to control overpopulation and to avoid the transmissible diseases in humans and other animals. This technique also helps to eliminate animals with undesirable characters. This procedure also helps to change the behavior of animals and keep them calm. Castration is carried out to prevent prostatic hyperplasia and mammary tumors etc. There are different methods for sterilization of male animals.
This study was designed to compare the surgical and chemical sterilization. For this purpose 12 free roaming tom cats were used. These cats were divided into group A, group B and group C each having (n=4). Animals of group A were surgically neutered, animals of group B were chemically sterilized with intratesticular injection of 20%calcium chloride and animals of group C were kept as control and injected normal saline intratesticularly.
Chemical sterilization is better than surgical sterilization. Postoperative complications, Serum testosterone level and histopathological examination was evaluated. These parameters were studied for 30 days. Data collected from this study design was evaluated by analysis of Variance. Results of data showed that there was no noteworthy difference in both procedure of sterilization.
From this study we reached the conclusion thatchemical neutering is most preferable than surgical neutering as it is lesser time consuming and cost effective with lesser postoperative complications. Chemical neutering can be easily practiced on large scale to control overpopulation.
. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2813-T] (1).
19.
Treatment Of Long Oblique Tibial Fracture With Intramedullary Pin Alone And Full Cerclage Wires In Cats
by Syed Muhammad Faheem Ahmed (2010-VA-147) | Dr. Ayesha Safdar | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Muhammad Zahid Tahir.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Fracture of long bone in animals is a challenging problem these days. Leg fractures in cats are quite common problem. Fractures treated with biomechanically sound fixation and proper attention to soft tissues will be most likely to heal with a functional outcome. However, osteomyelitis, bone sequestration, and joint ankylosis still continue to be major factors in inhibiting healing and bone functionality.
This research project was designed with the aim to test the effectiveness and accuracy of three sets of bone splintage devices in healing long oblique mid-shaft tibial fractures in cats, with minimal side effects and stress to the patient.
For the study total twelve adult cats as and when presented at Pet Centre, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore, and Saleem Veterinary Clinic and petshop Lahore, having long oblique fracture of tibia irrespective of breed, sex and considering almost similar age group, both stray and domesticated were selected. These cats were divided into three groups i.e groups A, B and C comprising of four cats in each group, and designated as 1, 2 3 and 4 respectively. They were admitted as clinical trial patients and were kept in separate cat cages at Saleem Veterinary Clinic until the completion of the study. Specific tagged collars were applied on all the cats. They were kept under comfortable environment and on a standard commercially available cat feed diet with ad labitum access to water. All the cats of three groups, having long oblique tibial fracture were treated with 3 separate techniques for comparison. In group A, fracture was reduced and immobilized with intramedullary pinning. In group B, fracture was treated with full cerclage wires alone while cats of group C were treated with intramedullary pin and cerclage wires. Thus comparative fracture healing and efficacy of individual techniques in their respective cases were evaluated.
Subsequent comparative parameters were studied which included physical examination of wound, lameness grading, radiological scoring for callus formation, fracture line union, fracture alignment as well as callus remodelling. The collected data regarding study parameters were illustrated by descriptive statistics and non-parametric analysis of variance (Kruskal Walis Test) using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20.
Conclusion:
Therefore, as advocated by the results of this study, intramedullary pinning (preferably threaded) with at least 2 - 3 full cerclage wiring was a better choice for the correction of a long oblique mid-shaft tibial fracture in cats. The combination of both these techniques together give a strong backbone for bone healing to take place with minimum amount of stress to the bone fragments and also to counteract different forces acting on the fracture site.Both these techniques were easy, required little soft tissue manipulation, were cost-effective, required less equipment and could easily be applied by an average practitioner.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2891-T] (1).
20.
Comparative Efficacy Of Advanced Surgical Hemostats In Rabbit Spleen
by Maheen Shafeeq (2010-VA-102) | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Dr. Hamad Bin Rashid | Dr. Muti-ur-Rehman.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: The spleen is delicate organ which is at high risk of damage after blunt trauma to the
abdomen. Splenic accidents such as spleen rupture and splenic hemangiosarcoma, are most
common cause of intra-abdominal hemorrhage in dogs. When an incision is given on spleen there
is always a high risk of bleeding. In severe cases animal often leads to death due to massive blood
loss and hypovolemic shock. The objective of study was to check the efficacy of latest and
advanced surgical hemostats i.e., Surgicel Original and Surgicel Snow to control bleeding when
spleen is severed either accidentally or surgically. These hemostats are affordable, safe, reliable
and convenient. For this, Rabbits were arranged in three groups. Group A consisted of 4 Rabbits
on which Surgical Gauz was used. In Group B Surgicel Original was used. On rabbits of Group C
Surgicel Snow was used. Hemostasis time of all the groups was monitored and number of
leucocytes, erythrocytes, platelets AST, ALT and ALP were evaluated. The results of present study
clearly indicated that Surgicel Snow is better choice to control hemorrhage than Surgicel Original.
Therefore, when ligation and other conventional methods of controlling blood stand impractical,
Surgicel should be used to control arterial, venous and capillaries bleeding during surgery.
Conclusions
On the basis of findings of this study, it has been concluded that Surgicel Snow is better hemostat
than Surgical Original. Surgicel Snow yields ideal stoppage of hemorrhage and does not impair
vital function of spleen. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2945-T] (1).
