1.
Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook / 8th ed
by Plumb, Donald C.
Edition: 8th Desk Edition.Material type: Publisher: [S.l.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 2015Availability: No items available Checked out (1).
2.
Equine Pharmacology
by Cole, Cynthia | Bentz, Bradford | Maxwell, Lara.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell; 2014Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.108951 Cole 30341 1st 2015 Horse] (1).
3.
Vaccine Development and Manufacturing
by Wen, Emily | Wen, Emily P | Ellis, Ronald | Pujar, Narahari S.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: USA : Wiley, 2014Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 615.372 Wen 30371 1st 2015 Pharmacology] (1).
4.
Vaccines for Biodefense and Emerging and Neglected Diseases
by Barrett, Alan D.T | Stanberry, Lawrence R.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: Italy : Academic Press; 2009Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 615.372 Barrett 30372 1st 2009 Pharmacology] (1).
5.
Pharmaceutical Analysis
by Parimoo, P.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: India: CBS Publisher & Distributors Private Ltd; 1999Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 615.19 Parimoo 17154 1st 1999 Pharmacology] (1).
6.
Small Animal Toxicology Essentials
by Poppenga, Robert H | Gwaltney-Brant, Sharon.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.08959 Poppenga 27066 1st 2011 Pharmacology] (1).
7.
Calculation of Drug Dosages : A Work Text
by Ogden,Sheila J.
Edition: 8th ed.Material type: Publisher: Canada: Mosby, 2007Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 615.14 Ogden 20122 8th 2007 Pharmacology] (1).
8.
Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook / 2nd ed
by Plumb, Donald C.
Edition: 2 Poc ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA: Iowa State Press; 1995Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0895103 Plumb 14368 2nd 1995 Pharmacology] (2).
9.
Integrated Pharmacology
by Page, Clive | Curtis, Michael | Sutter, Morley | Walker, Michael | Hoffman, Brian B.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: Publisher: China : Mosby; 2002Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 615.1 Page 16273 2nd 2002 Pharmacology] (1).
10.
Martindale : The Extra Pharmacopoeia / 30th ed
by Martindale, William.
Edition: 30th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: UK. Info Access & Distrbution Pvt Ltd; 1994Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 615.11 William 17053 30th 1994 Pharmacology] (1).
11.
Using Mass Spectrometry for Drug Metabolism Studies
by Korfmacher, Walter A.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: USA: CRC Press; 2005Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 615.7 Walter 17287 1st 2005 Pharmacology] (1).
12.
Clinical Veterinary Toxicology
by Lorgue, G | Lechenet, J | Riviere, Jim.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 1996Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.08959 Lorgue 14913 1st 1996 Pharmacology] (3).
13.
Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook / 7th ed
by Plumb, Donald C.
Edition: 7th edMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Stockholm: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011Availability: No items available Checked out (1).
14.
Veterinary Applied Pharmacology & Therapeutics / 5th edition
by Brander, G. C | Pugh, D. M | Bywater, R. J | Jenkins, W. L.
Edition: 5th ed.Material type: Publisher: UK: W B Saunders Co; 1991Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0895 Brander 12123 3rd 1977 Pharmacology] (3).
15.
Medical Toxicology : Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning
by Ellenhorn, Matthew J | Barceloux, Donald G.
Material type: Publisher: USA: Elsevier Science Ltd; 1988Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 615.9 Matthew 15766 1st 1988 Pharmacology] (1).
16.
Who Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations
by World Health Organization.
Edition: 40th ReportMaterial type: Publisher: Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2006Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 615.1 WHO 23164 40th 2006 Pharmacology] (1).
17.
Proteomic And Genomic Analysis Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus And Efficacy Of Indigenous Medicinal Plants Essential Oils
by Sarwat Ali Raja | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf | Dr. Tayyaba Ijaz | Dr. Aqeel Javeed | Prof. Dr. Aftab Ahmed Anjum.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: A Cohort study (prospective and observational) was performed to study the prevalence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the healthy individuals of community, hospitalized patients and associated health-care workers and indigenous plants essential oils were screened as new, improved & potent antibacterial/s against resistant strains of MRSA.
The method involved isolation and identification of MRSA from surgical wounds of hospitalized patients & associated health care workers in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore and healthy volunteers from the community. Plant essentials oils & extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against selected MRSA isolates. Oils were recovered by steam distillation using an all-glass distillation assembly. Then in vitro sensitivity and MICs of plant essential oils were determined using vancomycin and linezolid as commercial standards. The essential oils were screened further for the active constituents by column chromatography using various solvents and identification of compounds were performed by GC/MS analysis and the fractions which showed prompt results were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against the MRSA isolates in quest to find new therapeutic options. Finally effective essential oils and their active fractions were studied for their toxicity using in vitro Genotoxic assays such as Ames and Comet assays. To further ensure their beneficial effects antimutagenic effect of the essential oils were also studied.
Prevalence of S. aureus among patients was 52.9%, in HCWs 86.5% and in community 74% with an overall percentage of 72.6%. Among S. aureus those declared as MRSA were 91.8% from patients, 50.6% from HCWs and 59.5% from community with an overall percentage of 62.2% MRSA. Among the isolated MRSA overall 90.6% were Coagulase positive and 75.2% were biofilm positive.
SUMMARY
211
The pattern of MRSA resistance against current antibiotics have shown an overall increase in the resistance with maximum shown for lincomycin followed by tetracycline, ampicillin, fusidic acid, amoxicillin and piperacillin with tazobactam. The most effective options among current regime were tigecyclin, amikacin and meropenem showing an overall least resistance. Resistance against linezolid was observed with an overall percentage of 25.6 % and vancomycin 33.3% by disc diffusion method.
The MRSA isolates resistant to one or more groups of antibiotics were declared as MDRs. Among patients and health-care workers all were declared as MDRs where as in community 93.1% isolates were MDRs.
Upon Protein profiling using whole cell proteins 44 bands of the polypeptides were produced with molecular size 10-200kDa from the three sampling groups and were categorized into 5 clusters showing an overall significance correlation with each other explaining an interesting fact that all these strains were interlinked establishing the fact of flow of hospital acquired MRSA in the community and vice versa. This analysis also gave an insight in explaining the fact of horizontal transmission of infection within the hospital.
Keeping in view the raise in resistance among current available antibiotics indigenous medicinal plants essential oils were screened for active constituents exhibiting anti-bacterial effects against MRSA isolates.
Maximum yield was obtained from Carum copticum followed by Cuminum cyminum and minimum yield was obtained in case of Zingiber officinale. Upon qualitative analysis of all five essential oils Carum copticum essential oil showed zones of inhibition greater than the standards vancomycin and linezolid followed Cuminum cyminum and Zingiber officinale in all three
SUMMARY
212
sampling groups. Anethum sowa and Myristica fragrans essential oils showed no activity against MRSA.
Minimum inhibitory concentration of the three essential oils determined by micro broth dilution method indicated that Carum copticum showed least value in all three types of MRSA isolates followed by Zingiber officinale and Cuminum cyminum.
Effective essential oils were further fractioned using silica gel gravity columns. All the fractions obtained were screened for the anti-bacterial activity against all three types of MRSA isolates. Only fraction F1 of Carum copticum showed activity greater than pure essential oil and the two commercial standards of vancomycin and linezolid.
For the identification of active constituents GC/MS analysis was performed on all three essential oils and their respective fractions. In case of fraction F1 the most dominant constituents were Carvacrol, p-Cymene, Ʈ-Terpinene and Apiol. In other two plants none of the fractions were effective. Therefore it was concluded to use pure essential oils in case of Zingiber officinale and Cuminum cyminum rather than their individual fractions and incase of Carum copticum Fraction F1 has shown superior activity.
Finally these essential oils were tested for possible mutagenic effect using bacterial reversion mutation assay and Comet assay. No mutagenic effects were observed at MIC and above doses. These effective essential oils were also evaluated for possible antimutagenic effect. Both Carum copticum and Zingiber officinale essential oils showed strong antimutagenic effects and weak antimutagenic effect by Cuminum cyminum. Upon analysis of nuclear damage none of the plants essential oils and fraction F1 of Carum copticum showed genotoxic effects and indicated to be safe. Thus from the study it was concluded that Carum copticum essential oil and its fraction F1 were the most effective to be further investigated as an alternative treatment for MRSA infections. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2410-T] (1).
18.
Evaluation Of Antibacterial Activity Of Ciprofloxacin Alone And In Combination With Diclofenac Sodium Against Different Pathogenic Bacteria
by Mehwish Khan (2014-VA-816) | Dr. Muhammad Adil Rasheed | Dr. Muhammad Ovais Omer | Dr. Muhammad Nawaz.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Antibiotic resistance is an international public health problem as a result of an excessive and indiscriminate antibiotics usage, which has resulted in emergence of MDR microorganisms. This study is designed for the evaluation of antibacterial activity of different dilutions of Diclofenac sodium alone and in combination with Ciprofloxacin by using well diffusion method against bacterial pathogens to improve the quality of life of patients and minimize the chances of infections.
Different dilutions of Diclofenac sodium alone and in combination with Ciprofloxacin were checked for antibacterial activity againstEscherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebseilla pneumonia and Salmonella enterica. Three isolates of each bacterium were obtained from Microbiology department, University of Veterinary and Animal sciences, Lahore. The pathogens were tested for their sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin and azithromycin. The sensitivity was checked by disc diffusion method. Their zones of inhibition was measured in mm and compared with the CLSI standards. All the available bacteria were sensitive to ciprofloxacin.
Well diffusion method was used to measure the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin. For this purpose, 100 µg of ciprofloxacin was used and three concentrations of 100µg, 200µg and 300µg of diclofenac sodium were used. Diclofenac sodium when used with the ciprofloxacin in higher concentrations, it caused the increase in the zone of inhibition significantly among all the bacteria. Maximum antibacterial activity of drugs combination was seen with E.coliamong all the bacteria.Synergism between diclofenac sodium and ciprofloxacin was found to be statistically significant (P ≤ 0.01) when compared with the individual effects of the ciprofloxacin
Collected data was analyzed by using statistic package for social sciences (SPSS, windows version, Chicago, IL, USA). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and descriptive statistics was appliedusing graphpad prism 5.03.
This study indicates that Diclofenac sodium in combination with Ciprofloxacin against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcusaureus, Klebseilla pneumonia and Salmonella entericamay be effective and used as a synergistic combination to achieve more effective outcomes for disease management. This can be experimented further to evaluate these effects and prove to be major leap towards the increasing antibacterial resistance globally.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2569-T] (1).
