1.
Effect Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles On Serum Lipid Profile And Liver Function Test In Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
by Sidra Batool (2013-VA-592) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb .
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Diabetes mellitus is most common disorder affecting almost 25% of the world's population. Many researchers reported the role of metals in glucose metabolism and their defficiency cause the diabetes. Zn is found in all cells of body and play role to maintain blood sugar level and in the synthesis, storage, and secretion of insulin. Zn supplementation shows protective effect on total lipid, cholesterol, HDL and atherogenic index. Nanotechnology affects on the all parts of human life, animal, environment, and industrial life. In the present study I evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of ZnONPs and also the dose dependent anti-diabetic effects of medicine in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
Twenty five adult male rats were divided into five groups; Negative control, Positive control, and 3 groups for different treatment dose of ZnONPs (15 mg/kg BW), ZnONPs (25mg/kg BW) and ZnONPs (50 mg/kg BW). Diabetes induction had done in four groups, other than negative control, by subcutaneous administration of alloxan (120 mg/kg BW). Treatment was given to groups for 21 days. BW was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected from animals of each group on 21 days after induction of diabetes by cardiac puncture to measure serum glucose level, serum lipid profile and liver function test. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Data was analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences was considered significant at P < 0.05.
The obtained results showed that ZnONPs has efficiency to control the diabetes mellitus by reducing blood glucose levels as well as the increasing dose decreased the serum glucose level. Only ZnONPs 50mg/kg BW dose is efficient to reduce the muscle wastage due to diabetes in alloxan induce diabetic rats. This dose also works to maintain the serum ALT, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C levels. But this dose is not effective for body weight, AST, ALP, VLDL-C, cholesterol and AI.
The data obtained from this study also showed the dose dependent anti-diabetic activity of medicine as the dose of 50mg/kg BW is more effective to control the diabetes as compared to other two doses; 15mg/kg BW and 25mg/kg BW.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2402-T] (1).
2.
Effect Of Sub-Chronic Exposure Of Bisphenola On Serum Minrals And Bone Health In Rats
by Suliman (2014-VA-494) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Saif ur Rehman Kashif.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous compounds present worldwide. Endocrine hormone production, release, transport, binding, action or elimination is enhanced or interrupted by EDs and hence affect homeostasis, development, reproduction and behaviour of organisms. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most important EDs used extensively in consumer products such as beverage, food can lining, dental sealants and thermal paper and water pipes. BPA binds to estrogen receptors and enhance or interrupt the endocrine system. BPA have negative effectson bone health and serum minerals in rats.
A total of 48 adult rats were divided in three main groups i.e. (16 rats in each group). Each group was sub-divided into male (8 rats) and female (8rats). Control Group: Basal rat diet was provided to control group. Group A: BPA 1mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to group A. BPA was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Group B: BPA 0.1mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to Group B. BPA was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Trial duration was 3 months and at the end rats were killed to obtain the bones and muscles to observe their bone characteristics (bone length, width, and medullary canal diameter) and serum minerals (Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca) analysis.Data wasanalysed using two ways ANOVA through SPSS version (SPSS Inc. version 20, Chicago, Illinois) and was presented as mean± SEM.
Femur bone length was found to be significantly higher in male rats treated with BPA 0.1mg/kg and 1mg/kg compared to control. The femur bone length was not affected in female rats. Rest of the parameters in bone health of tibia and femur were not affected by treatment. Bone minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn) were also not affected by the treatment irrespective of treatments.Serum calcium was significantly higher in mal rates treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control; whereas it decreased significantly in female rats treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control. Serum zinc concentrations also decreased significantly in female rats treated with BPA 1mg/kg compared to control. Muscle copper concentration was significantly higher in male rats treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control. Iron muscle concentration was significantly increased in male and female rats treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control. Muscle calcium concentration was significantly decreased in male rats treated with 1mg/kg BPA compared to control.
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3.
Protective Role Of Montelukast In Methotrexate Induced Toxicity In Rats
by Saima Malik (2014-VA-230) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr Muhammad ShahbazYousaf | Dr.Hafsa Zaneb.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Methotrexate (MTX) is an antifolate drug which is used to treat a variety of Autoimmune Diseases e.g rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and different types of cancers. However, MTX toxicity limit its use which include oxidative stress in causing toxicity on the liver, kidney, heart and other organs.Montelukast is a leukotriene antagonist.Recent evidence suggests that montelukast possessesantioxidant and anti-inflammatoryactivity.Thirty (n=30) adult albino ratswere selected and housed in stainless steel cages in the Experimental Animal shed, Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. The rats were randomly divided into five groups having six rats in each group. Animals were treated by following treatment plan;
Group 1: (Negative Control) injected I/P with physiological saline from day zero to day four and then injected with 2 % ethanol from day four to day ten.
Group 2: (MK positive control) injected I/P with MK (10mg/kg body weight, BW) from day four to day ten for consective seven days.
Group 3:(MTX positive control) injected at day zero I/P with a single dose of MTX (20mg/kg BW) per ten days.
Group 4:(MTX-MK 5) injected at day zero I/P with a single dose of MTX (20mg/kg BW) and then injected I/P with MK (5mg/kg BW) from day four to day ten for consective seven days.
Group 5: (MTX-MK 10) injected at day zero I/P with a single dose of MTX (20mg/kg BW) and then injected I/P with MK (10mg/kg BW) from day four to day ten for consective seven days.
Data was analyzed by one way analysis of variance using SPSS software (SPSS Inc. version 20, Chicago, Illinois). The group differences werestudied by using Duncan’s multiple range tests. The P value <0.05 was considered as significant. Data was presented as mean ± SD. Body weight and feed intake was analyzed by using repeated measure analysis.
The current study showed reduction in feed and water intake and shows diarrhea like symptoms which ultimately results in gradual reduction in body weight in MTX treated groups when compared with control group. While non MTX treated groups shows increase in feed consumption and ultimately increase in body weight. BUN and creatinine level were increased after MTX administration which was reduced after MK treatment. MK10mg/kg BW dose administered to G5 after MTX was more effective compared to 5mg/kg BW dose of MK administered to G4 after MTX treatment. Enzymatic level of MDA and catalase in serum, liver and kidney tissue were increased after MTX administration in G3, G4 and G5.There was no highly significant results found after MK treatment due to Low dose of MK which was unable to maintain the enzymatic level after induction of imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant level.
Conclusion: From our study we have concluded that montelukast administration after methotrexate induced toxic effect on renal function test and hematological parameters, it can significantly normalize the level of BUN and creatinine also shows significant improvement in Hb and RBCs level. While there was no significant effect found on oxidative stress due to insufficient dose of MK.
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4.
Effects Of Dietary Supplementation Of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Powder On Redox Status, Hepatic And Kidney Function In Rats Exposed To Heat Stress
by Noor Muhammad Khan (2015-VA-07) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: here are a number of stressors which adversely affects the normal homeostasis of the body. One of them is heat stress which has marked damaging effect on the normal physiology of an individual. Moringa oleifera is a versatile plant from Moringaceae family. Moringa oleifera is a best food plant but it also has a large potential as a medicinal plant. Due to rich source of flavonoids, Beta- carotenes, vitamin A & D, Moringa oleifera is known as a best natural anti-oxidant. The leaves of Moringa oleifera also possess hepato-protective and renal protective activities due to its rich anti-oxidant potential.
Hypothesis:It was hypothesized that Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation will ameliorate the redox status, hepatic and kidney function in rats exposed to heat stress.
Methodology: Adult male wistar rats (n= 24) were procured and housed in stainless steel cages in the experimental animal shed of department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-Pakistan. After acclimatization, rats were divided in to four groups (One control and 3 MOLP treated groups). Rats were exposed to high environmental temperature (37±1°C ) for one hour daily(12.00 PM-1.00 PM) throughout the experimental period of 21 days for the induction of heat stress(Sinha. 2007). Anti-stress properties of Moringa oleifera leaf powderwere examined by measuring biochemical parameters, i.e. redox by estimating serum malondialdehyde through assay used by(Ohkawa et al. 1979) and catalase by the same spectrophotometric protocol in accordance with the study (Hadwan et al. 2016). Analysis of liver function enzymes (Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase and Alkaline phosphatase), kidney function (Blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and serum creatinine), serum
Summary
38
glucose and lactate dehydrogenasewere carried out by using commercially available kits provided by Human Diagnostics, Germany.
Results:The present study revealed that Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation during heat stress has a significant effect (P<0.05) on serum redox status. Serum malondialdehyde and catalase were significantly reduced by Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation. On the other hand, Moringa oleifera leaf powder demonstrated a non-significant effect (P>0.05) on hepatic and kidney function. Serum Glucose was also not altered by powdered leaf supplementation of Moringa oleifera.
Statistical analysis: The data was analyzed by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS software. The group differences were compared by the Tukey’s Test. Differences were considered significant at P<0.05.
Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) has a potent antioxidant potential without any marked ameliorative or deteriorative effect on hepatic and kidney functioning in heat stressed rats. Further studies are required to explore the potential of other portions of this plant in heat stress. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2783-T] (1).
5.
Effects Of Dietary Supplementation Of Drumstick Tree Leaf Powder On Anthropometric Parameters, Serum Lipid Profile And Thyroid Function Hormones In Rats Exposed To Thermal Stress
by Raja Majid Masoud (2015-VA-433) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Introduction: There are a number of stressors which adversely affects the normal homeostasis
of the body. One of them is thermal stress which has marked damaging effect on the normal
physiology of an individual. Drumstick tree is a versatile plant from Moringaceae family.
Drumstick tree is a best food plant but it also has a large potential as a medicinal plant . Due to
rich source of flavonoids, β-carotenes, vitamin A & D, DST is known as a best natural antioxidant.
The leaves of Drumstick tree contain phenolic compounds, which have
hypocholesterolemic and hypolipodemic properties. It also possess cardio protective, hepatoprotective
and renal protective activities due to its rich anti-oxidant potential.
Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that Drumstick tree leaf powder supplementation will
ameliorate the growth performance, serum lipid profile and thyroid function in rats exposed to
thermal stress
Methodology: Adult female Wistar rats (n= 24) were procured and housed in stainless steel
cages in the experimental animal shed of department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, Lahore-Pakistan. After acclimatization, rats were divided in to four groups
(One control and 3 DSTLP treated groups). Rats were exposed to high environmental
temperature(37±1°C) for one hour daily(12.00 Pm-1.00 Pm) throughout the experimental period
of 21 days for the induction of heat stress(Sinha. 2007). Anti-stress properties of Drumstick tree
leaf powder were examined by measuring biochemical parameters, i.e. anthropometry, serum
lipid profile, thyroid function hormones, serum cortisol, total protein, albumin and globulin
(Ohkawa et al. 1979). Analysis of all these parameters was carried out by using commercially
available kits provided by Human Diagnostics, Germany.
Summary
37
Results: Results from the present study revealed that Drumstick tree leaf powder
supplementation during thermal stress has a significant effect (P<0.05) on serum lipid profile,
total protein, albumin globulin, thyroid function hormones (T3 & T4) and cortisol. On the other
hand, Drumstick tree leaf powder demonstrated a non-significant effect (P>0.05) on
anthropometric parameters.
Statistical analysis: The data was analyzed by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
using SPSS software. The group differences were compared by the Tukey’s Test. Differences
was considered significant at P < 0.05.
Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that Drumstick tree leaf powder (MOLP) has a
potent antioxidant potential by lowering cholesterol, TG and LDL-cholesterol with marked
ameliorative effect on TP, albumin and globulin in heat stressed rats. Further studies are required
to explore the potential of other portions of this plant in heat stress. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2799-T] (1).
6.
Effect Of Sub Chronic Exposure Of Low Doses Of Bisphenol A On Anthropometric Parameters And Lipid Profile In Rats
by Sayeda Iqra Ahmad (2011-VA-433) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Ms. Amina Chughtai.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Bisphenol A is an endocrine disruptor. It is monomer of polystyrene and a basic component of epoxy resins. It is carcinogenic in nature and has adverse impact on health of different animals as wells as human beings. It harms the reproductive, renal system as well as a basic reason of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of sub chronic exposure of Bisphenol A on anthropometric parameters and lipid profile in rats
Bisphenol A may elevate serum lipid profile level and increase the ratio of anthropometric parameters in rats.
Forty eight albino rats half male and half females of similar age and weight were selected. They were divided into three groups each having sixteen rats in each (8 males,8 females) and named as Group A, B and C for experimental trial of three months. Group A was referred as control group treated with only basal diet and water. Group B was treated with 0.1mg/kg (body weight) BPA with basal diet and water. Group C was treated with 1mg/kg (body weight) BPA with basal diet and water. After three months blood sample was collected by euthanizing the rats to obtain serum sample for biochemical analysis and at the same time anthropometric values were noted.
Data was analyzed via two way ANOVA using SPSS software and Post hocTukey test was applied to study and compare differences between the groups. The p value <0.05 was assumed as significant value.
At the end of this trialour studies suggest thatthe effect of Bisphenol A increased the ratio of anthropometric parameters up to a certain limit as well as it significantly effects the all nutritional parameters. It highly effectsthe concentration of HDL in serum lipid profile.
It disturbs the concentration of ALP and AST at low doses while ALT had no significant effects due to BPA. It had no significant influences on kidney metabolites e.g., creatinine urea and BUN. Glucose concentrationalso not showed any profound effect in male and female albino rats.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2868-T] (1).
7.
Effect Of Sub-Chronic Exposure Of Di-Butyl Phthalate On Serum Minerals And Bone Health In Rats
by Nisar Ahmed (2014-VA-779) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous compounds present worldwide. Endocrine hormone production, release, transport, binding, action or elimination is enhanced or interrupted by EDs and hence affect homeostasis, development, reproduction and behavior of organisms. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most important EDs used extensively in consumer products such as plasticizers, nail polish, paints, thermal paper and water pipes. DBP binds to estrogen receptors and enhance or interrupt the endocrine system. DBP have negative effects on bone health and serum minerals in rats. A total of 48 adult rats were divided in three main groups i.e. (16 rats in each group). Each group was sub-divided into male (8 rats) and female (8rats). Control Group: Basal rat diet was provided to control group. Group A: DBP 10mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to group A. DBP was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Group B: DBP 50mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to Group B. DBP was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Trial duration was 3 months and at the end rats were killed to obtain the bones, serum and muscles to observe their bone characteristics (bone length, width, and medullary canal diameter) and minerals (Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca) analysis. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA through SPSS version (SPSS Inc. version 20, Chicago, Illinois) and was presented as mean± SEM.
Femur bone length was found to be significantly higher in male rats treated with DBP 10mg/kg and 50mg/kg compared to control. The femur bone length was not affected in female rats. Rest of the parameters in bone health of tibia and femur were not affected by treatment. Bone minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn) were also not affected by the treatment irrespective of treatments. Serum calcium was significantly higher in male rates treated with 50mg/kg DBP
CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
37
compared to control; whereas it is decreased significantly in female rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Serum zinc concentrations also decreased significantly in female rats treated with DBP 50mg/kg compared to control. Muscle copper concentration was significantly higher in male rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Iron muscle concentration was significantly increased in male and female rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Muscle calcium concentration was significantly decreased in male rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2896-T] (1).
8.
Effect Of Psyllium Seed Husk On Anthropometric Parameters, Lipid And Electrolyte Profile In Hypercholesterolemia Induced Rats
by Arfa Ibtisham (2015-VA-24) | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Hypercholesterolemia is characterized by higher level of bad cholesterol in blood which shoots up the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, weight gain and other metabolic disorders. Modern way of life is the reason to elevate these metabolic syndromes that lead to increased mortality rate. Psyllium husk is helpful in improving anthropometric parameters, high lipid profile, glucose level, appetite, oxidative status, hypertension and maintains liver and renal physiology. The effective use of this drug was for weight loss to control obesity.
The consumption of psyllium husk may lead to hypocholesterolemia, reduced body weight, oxidative stress and biological profile in rats. Twenty four male Wistar rats were taken and divided into four groups. Group-I (negative control) fed chow diet Group-II (positive control) was given chow diet mixed with 10g cholesterol for 42 days. Group-III (treatment group) hypercholesterolemic rats were fed with 5g psyllium husk for 21 days. Group-IV (treatment group) hypercholesterolemic rats were fed with 10g psyllium husk for 21 days. Blood samples were collected at the end of six weeks of study. Anthropometric parameters, organs weight, Lipid profile (TC, TC, LDL, HDL, Atherogenic index), glucose, oxidant and antioxidant levels, electrolytes, hepatic (AST, ALT) and renal (blood urea nitrogen, urea) functions (in blood liver and kidney) were studied. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA on SPSS. Differences between the groups were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Anthropometric measurements, organs weight, lipid profile, glucose,urea and blood urea nitrogen showed significantly results, while,TG, atherogenic index ,electrolytes, oxidant and anti-oxidant ALT and AST showed no significantly values.
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