1.
Sero-Epidemiology Of Johne’s Disease Along With Its Effect On Serum Biochemical Profile In Cattle In District D.I. Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
by Nasrullah (2009-VA-90) | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani | Dr. Waseem Yaqub | Dr. Mamoona Chaudhry.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Johne’s disease (JD) or Paratuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp.
Paratuberculosis (MAP) is characterized by an incubation period of several years. It is a chronic
non-treatable disease of animals causing enteritis which ultimately leads to economic losses to
dairy and meat industries worldwide. To estimate sero-epidemiology of the JD through ELISA is
inexpensive, efficient, single step and sensitive for the detection of antibodies in cattle and
buffaloes. So, keeping in view the economic and public health significance of the disease, the
present study was designed with the objective to estimate the sero prevalence of JD using
indirect ELISA and to quantify the effect of JD on the level of serum proteins in cattle of D. I.
Khan district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Johne’s disease is prevalent in cattle of D I Khan
that affects serum proteins level in dairy animals.
For the study animals were well restrained and about 5 ml blood was collected in Non-
EDTA coated vacutainer from the jugular vein of each animal using 5 ml disposable syringe,
after collection and proper labeling samples were transferred in Ice packed cooler to
Microbiology laboratory, Govt. College of Veterinary Sciences D.I Khan. Serum was collected
at the top of the vacutainer with the help of disposable pipette and was stored in eppendorf tubes
in deep freezer until transported to University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore for
further analysis. Data was captured on questionnaires about the clinical signs and symptoms,
management practices and possible risk factors associated with Johne’s disease, was obtained
from the owners.
Summary
40
The collected serum samples were analyzed by Indirect ELISA using commercial ELISA
kit (Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis Antibody Test Kit, IDEXX, USA) according to
manufacturer instructions.
The ELISA positive samples were processed further for the estimation of serum protein analysis
using Biuret method (Doumas et al. 1981;Spencer and Price. 1977).The serum albumin was
determined by Photometric colorimetric test (Bromocresole green (BCG) method (Spencer and
Price. 1977).The globulin will be estimated by subtracting serum albumin from serum total
proteins (Javed et al. 2010).
Data regarding sero-prevalence by indirect ELISA were analyzed through Pearson's Chisquare
Test, while data regarding the effect on serum protein was analyzed by simple t-test using
statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. P < .05 was considered significant.
The present study demonstrated (12.7%) prevalence of MAP in cattle population of D.I
Khan. There were no significant effect of MAP on serum biochemical profile. The results of all
variables studied as under breed, gender, age, vaccinated status and management system. The
most frequent level was observed in females 13.7% as compared to males 0% (0/4). Among
different age groups, higher sero-prevalence 33.3% were present at age group above 6 years
while sero-prevalence of 7.1% in 2-3 years and 0% were recorded in age group 4-6 years.
Statistically a significant different were present between these groups. Moreover, there was no
relationship of vaccination status with disease because the prevalence recorded 16.6% and
vaccinated cases positive were recorded 0% but there was no significance difference among two
groups of animals. Breed wise risk factor statistically significant because the MAP cases were
highly prevalent in non-descript cattle 25% as compared to crossbred 5.8% and Sahiwal 0%
cattle breed. BCS category I had highest prevalence 66.6% while in BCS category II prevalence
Summary
41
was 23.8% and in BCS category III the prevalence was 0% recorded. Statistically the BCS of the
disease animals was significantly associated. Highest prevalence 100% were recorded above 60
days of diarrhea duration while 0% were recorded less than 60 days of diarrhea duration.
Statistically the sero-prevalence of diarrhea duration was highly significant. Management wise
sero-prevalence of Johne’s disease on the type of housing was higher in open 19.2% as compared
to confined 6.8% showing non-significant difference statistically. Sanitation wise seroprevalence
were higher in poor 19.2% as compared to good sanitation 6.8% showing also nonsignificant
difference statistically. Sero-prevalence of disease was less in well water 0% as
compared to tap water 25% showing there were a significant difference between the seroprevalence
of Johne’s disease under different water conditions. The results of total protein
analysis was statistically non-significant. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2526-T] (1).
2.
Crop Repair Using Different Ingluviotomy Techniques In Pigeon
by Rashid Hussain (2007-VA-138) | Dr. Naveed Hussain | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood | Dr. Waseem Yaqub.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Crop is the pivotal organ of the birds’ body. The primary function of the crop is the storage of food. When the crop is full,it becomes more prominent as well as slight pendulous and more prone to trauma. Such wounds lead to the crop fistula formation in birds. Fortunately crop has a good blood supply and heals well. Ingluviotomy performed by making an incision on left lateral cervical region over the crop to minimize disruption of vasculature and complications associated with tube feeding in recovery period. The present study was conducted to compare the different suturing techniques for Ingluviotomy in pigeons (Columba livia domestica).Thirty Pigeons weighing between 275 gm to 350 gm were managed from nearby area of Lahore and were kept in experimental cages of Surgery Section (CMS) of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. The present study was conducted to compare the different suturing techniques along with glue for Ingluviotomy in pigeons (Columba livia domestica).These pigeons were divided into three experimental groups i.e. Group A, B and C comprising ten pigeons each. In group A comprising of ten (10) pigeons underwent single layer closure with the help of absorbable suture material (Vicryl®) 4-0 using simple continuous suture pattern. Temperature, pulse and respiration were observed at different days from day 1 to day 30 in all groups. The pigeon of group A (single layer closure), showed more variation in temperature, pulse and respiration as compared with the group B ( double layer closure) and C (closure with glue). The bird of group B showed less variation in temperature, pulse and respiration and was normal after few days of surgery. The birds of group C also showed fever and rise in temperature but it was less than the birds of group A and showed more variation in temperature, pulse respiration than birds of group B. Pigeons in Group A (single layer closure) showed poor healing in overall period. At day 30 only 30% of the birds showed complete healing while 40% bird were still in healing phase, the dead percentage was 30. While in term of leakage at day 20, zero percent of the birds
SUMMARY
49
showed leakage while no leakage percentage was 70% and the dead percentage was 30. Pigeons in Group B (double layer closure) showed significant good healing during the research period. At day 30 total of 80% of the birds were completely healed while 20 % bird in healing phase, percentage of no wound healing and the dead was zero. In term of leakage, at day 20 total of 100% of the birds were showed no leakage, leakage percentage was zero percent and the dead percentage was zero. In group C ( closure with glue) At day 30 , 50% of the birds were completely healed, 20% birds were in healing phase, no wound healing percentage was 10% , dead percentage was 20 and wound dehiscence was zero percent. While in term of leakage, at day 20 only 50% of the birds showed no leakage, leakage percentage was 30% and the dead percentage was 20 %. In term of postmortem changes it was noticed that fibrosis and narrowing of crop lumen was less in double layer closure birds it showed good healing. In birds treated with single layer closure showed more fibrosis and narrowing of crop lumen while in group where glue is used less narrowing of crop lumen and more fibrosis was seen which showed poor healing.
Conclusion
The verdict based explanations for better and reliable closure technique for ingluviotomy in pigeons using double layer closure is that this procedure enables proper apposition of crop edges and in addition, there is less tension at apposed site. Besides this, there is more vascular supply in the crop area,that enhances faster and reliable healing of crop repair. As the double layer closure stands to be novel procedure for crop repair, it should be used by avian surgeons worldwide. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2518-T] (1).
3.
Clinicopathological Features Of Anhidrosis In Equines
by Abdul Wadood Barya (2009-VA-367) | Dr. Jawairia Ali Khan | Dr. Waseem Yaqub | Prof.Dr.Masood Rabani.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: In a country like Pakistan where the horses are kept for race, show and more specifically draught purposes the disease like Anhidrosis may cause a huge economic loss to owner. Anhidrosis has been described as a physiologic phenomenon that results as consequence of prolonged stimulation of the sweat glands by epinephrine secreted as a response to conditions of hot and humid climate. The sweat glands accommodate to the high epinephrine content of the blood, thus becoming insensitive to it.
From June to August the horses were examined clinically until 15 anhidrotic horses obtained on the basis of clinical signs (marked tachypnea, increased rectal temperature, and limited or absent sweating in response to appropriate stimuli. Dry, flaky skin, alopecia, generalized fatigue, anorexia and decreased water consumption, residual areas of sweating may be noted in the throat latch and mane, under the saddle or halter, and in axillary or groin area) for the estimation of TSH and for treatment trials.
This study describes that there is 12.7% prevelance of Anhidrosis in horses irrespective of age, sex and breed in Lahore and Pattoki regions of Punjab Pakistan. Further it was observed that more Anhidrosis cases were in July and August as there is increased temperature as well as moist enviorment
The normal range of Tsh in horses is from 0.2 to 0.9 ng/ml. The horses under study for anhidrosis all have the Tsh concentration in range so there is no significance difference in normal and diseased horses.
The group comprising of 5 member given Thyroxin tablets 50 mg daily for 3 days and v orally with 0.9% normal saline 2000ml i/v daily recovered completely. Hence this study gave a treatment trial for Anhidrotic horse to recover with less adverse effect.
The use of germinating CicerArietinum (Kala chana) and VernoniaanthelminticaWilld (Kali Zeeri) in anhidrosis may be taken as a supportive therapy to treatment.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2609-T] (1).
