1.
A Comparative Study Of Helminth And Haemoparasites Of Domestic And Wild Pigeons
by Asma Hussain | Dr. Mubashir Saeed Mian | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: There is an increasing interest in pigeons and other game and ornamental birds. These birds are generally kept either free roaming or confined in outdoor pens and hence are vulnerable to various parasitic infectious, which greatly effects the productivity of these birds.
The meat production of the pigeons can be improved by controlling disease problems particularly helrninths and blood protozoan infections, so that in near future they may contribute towards narrowing down the animal protein supply gap by substituting poultry meat with squabs.
The present work was planned for the comparative study of helminths and heemoparasites of domestic and wild pigeons. For this purpose 300 each of guts and blood smears were studied. The overall incidence of gastrointestinal helminths and blood protozoans was 77.33% and 31.99% respectively, while 36% of birds had mixed infection. The incidence of gastro-intestinal helminths and blood protozoa in wild pigeons was 89.33 and 20.66 percent respectively and in domestic pigeons it was 65.33% and 11.33% respectively. Whereas mixed infections were 22% and 14% respectively.
The following species of helmitiths and blood protozoa were recorded and identified.
1. Raillietina tetragona
2. Raillietiiia cesticillus
3. Choanolaenia infundibulum
4. Ascaridia colurnbae and
5. Cap illaria obgnata
The two species of blood protozoa recovered were:
1. Aegypanella pullorum and
2. Haeiçotuscumbae
Among the helrninths recorded, cestodes were found predominating as compared with nernatodes in both wild and domestic pigeons. Raillietina cesticillus was the most common cestode species in both Wild and domestic pigeons i.e. 51 and 33 percent respectively while Asci colurnbae predominated the nernatode species i.e. 18 and 15 percent respectively. The Incidence was higher in wild pigeons.
Aegyptianella pullorum was more common blood protozoan i.e. 22 and 11 percent respectively in wild and domestic pigeons. The incidence of Haemoproteus clumbae was 9 and 11 percent respectively.
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2.
The Effects Of Piroplasmosis On Hematology In Equines
by Salva | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Shakeel | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: Piroplasmosis is a serious disease of the domestic animals including horses. It is caused by species of the genus Babesia i.e. . egui and B. caballi resulting in death due to excessive loss of blood. The present study was conducted to find out the effect of natural Piroplasmosis on various blood parameters, viz, total erythrocytes count (TEC), hemoglobin estimation (Jib), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocytes count (TLC) and differential leukocytes count (DLC) in horses.
A total of forty horses (Group A including 20 uninfected horses and Group B included 20 horses showing clinical symptoms of the disease and confirmed positive for piroplasmosis through blood examination were used in the study and found to cause the infection although . caballi infection was more predominant.
Heamatological examination revealed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level and packed cell volume of the infected horses.
Normocytic and hypochromic type of anemia was observed. Total leukocyte count was also decreased. A decrease in the number of rieutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes was also observed in the infected horses.
Out of the 20 infected horses, 4 had B. equi and sixteen had B. caballi infection indicating that . caballi was more prevalent.
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3.
Physicochemical Factors Effecting The Survival Of Newcastle Disease Virus
by Rizwan Qayyum | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Dr. asif Rabbani | Prof. Dr. S.A.R. Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: For this research project, about 305 fresh fertile hen eggs were obtained from Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore. These eggs after cleaning were incubated at 37°C in automatic incubator for 11 days. At the 11th day, candling was done to confirm the fertility of eggs, either they are embryonated or not,. Eggs found dead at the time of candling were discarded. Fertile eggs 305 in number were inoculated with physically and chemically treated mesogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus which had already been treated and stored in plastic vials at -20°C. Each egg was inoculated with about 0.lnil of the treated viral sample. Four eggs were set for each of the factor for each time period. Four eggs were kept control in each factor in which viral suspension without physical or chemical treatment was inoculated.
The project was designed to study the effect of physical and chemical factors on the survival of Newcastle disease virus. The physical factors were temperature, p11 and UV light and chemical factors included five disinfectants like Formaline, Iosan, Phenol Aldekol and Bromosept (QAC). It was noted that at 56°C temperature virus lost its haemagglutinating activity after 45 minutes, but survived this temperature at 15 and 30 minutes exposure. It was observed that virus survived at pH 4 and 9 for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hrs but was killed at pH 1 and 13 for all the said time periods. After exposing virus to UV light, it was examined that Newcastle disease virus survived at UV light exposure for 45 minutes.
As far as the chemical factors were concerned, the results showed that 0.48% concentration of formalin inactivated virus in 30 minutes but not in 15 minutes. Other two concentrations i.e. 0.12% and 0.24% could not inactivate the virus. Phenol and Bromosept showed good antiviral activity against ND virus. 0.4% and 0.6% concentrations of Phenol inactivated the virus within 15 minutes but virus retained its HA activity at 0.2% phenol concentrations for 15, 30 and 45 minutes. The virus survived at 0.1% Bromosept concentration for 45 minutes and at 0.5% concentration for 15 minutes time but its haemagglutinating property was lost at 0.5% concentration in 30 minutes and at 1% concentration, the virus was killed within 15 minutes time. 0.1% concentration of Aldekol could not inactivate the virus in 15, 30 or 45 minutes. At its 0.5% concentration virus was inactivated after 45 minutes exposure but not at 15 and 30 minutes. However 1% Aldekol inactivated virus after 30 minutes but not within 15 minutes time. losan with 0.5% and 1.0% concentrations killed the mesogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus in 15, 30 and 45 minutes respectively. So the results of this study show that losan shows excellent antiviral activity against ND virus and is the best for disinfection of this virus at the farm. Bromosept (QAC) and Phenol should be the other two options for farmers to disinfect their sheds and hatcheries to minimize the chances of infection from Newcastle disease virus.
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4.
Serodiagnosis & Chemotherapy Of Haemonchosis In Sheep & Its Effect On Various Blood Parameters
by Saeed, M | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Asif Rabbani | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present project was carried out to check the prevalence of H. contortus with Double Immuno Diffusion (DID) test and coprological technique, to test the anthelmintic efficacy of Albendazole and Levamisole and to study the effect of haemonchosis on blood parameters.
For this purpose faccal sample and blood sample from 150 naturally infected sheep were processed through coprological examination and DID test. Out of 150 animal 107 were found positive with coprological studies and 81 with DID test, so the prevalence was recorded as 71.34% and 54% respectively. Out of positively animal, 60 were divided into A, B and C groups with the heavy infection in A awl B groups. Each animal of group A was given Albendazole (Albenzole granule; Selmore) (4mg/kg) and group B was drenched Levamisole (Nayverm; Syrnans) (5mg/kg) while C group was kept as control (untreated). The efficacy of Albendazole and Levarnisole was 90.2% and 62.06% respectively.
Hematological parameters showed significant increase in haemoglobin (1-Ib) concentration and Packed cell volume (PCV) after treatment.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0615,T] (1).
5.
Standardization Of Indirect Haemagglutination Test For Surveillance Of Antibodies To Mycoplasma Capri
by Shaukat Ali | Dr.Muhammad Amin Sheikh | Dr.Asif Rabbani | Dr.Khushi Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The present study was carried out to standardize indirect haemagglutination test for surveillance of antibodies against Mycoplasma capri. The Mvconlasma mvcoides sub species capri strain PG3, procured from Veterinary Research Institute, Quetta was used as antigen in the test. The strain was processed for its optimal growth in brain heart infusion broth and subsequently developed into an oil based vaccine for raising hyperimmune serum in the rabbit. The titre of the latter was made a base for knowing influence of various factors to be studied.
The factors examined included the antigen dilution to sensitize erythrocytes, nature and concentration of coupling agent (Tannic acid, glutaraldehyde), source of erythrocytes, interaction time and temperature.
One percent sheep and human group 'O' erythrocytes sensitized with antigeh through tannic acid concentration of 0.5% in phosphate buffer saline at 37oC for 10 minutes gave a titre respectively of 1:64 and 1:16.
None of the tannic acid concerntrations used (0.5, 0.05, 0.005%) sensitized poultry erythrocytes with antigen at either time interaction.
All the various glutaradehyde concentrations used (0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.5%) were unable to sensitize erythrocytes, with antigen, irrespective of the source concerned i.e. sheep, human or poultry sources.
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6.
Taxonomy & Chemotherapeutic Control Of Prevalent Helminth Species In Indigenous Poultry
by Abid Farid | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to identify the helminth infestations, compare the drug efficacy percentage of I vermectin and Albandazole, effect of chemotherapy on haematology in indigenous poultry.
For this purpose, one hundred and sixty (160) positive birds were purchased from market and backyard farms, divided in four groups A, il, C, and D, kept in experimental rooms of College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore.
Eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces of all the four groups was done at zero day of the experiment which were, 2307, 2000, 2050, 2325, in groups A , B, C, D, respectively. Groups A, Band C, were treated with Ivermectin and Albandazole (using 1% Ivomec Injection and Farbenda 10% solution).
After medication EPG was carried out of all four groups (A, D, C, D) at different days of experiment. The results were as, the EPG at 7th day 825, 667, 700, 2750, at 14th day 100, 250, 325, 3000, on
21st day. It was 70, 155, 237, 3500, and at 28th day the EPG. recorded was 45, 120, 185, 3600 respectively.
At end of the experiment, the drug efficacies were recorded, for group A, "it was 98%. In group B,94%, and for group C, it was 90% while group D, was untreated control.
The taxonomy of the slaughtered birds of group D, was done at the end of the experiment. By collecting GIT, and trachea of all the forty birds of the group D. Identifications were made after making permanent mounts of recovered helminths. Four species of nematodes were recovered from indigenous poul try. Ascaridia galli was the most common species of nematodes recovered from small intestine, while Heterikis gallinae and Subulura brumpti were isolated from the caeca of the birds. Syngamus trachea was the only respiratory tract nematode species which was recovered from trachea of the fowls. The incidence of Ascaridia gglli, Heterikis lZallinae, Subulura brumpti, Syngamus trachea were 57.5, 40, 20 and 2.5 percent respectively.
Six species of Cestode parasites were isolated from the small intesliine of Desi fowl, Raillictina tetragona, Raillictinna costcillus, Raillietina echinobothrida, Cotugnia dignopora, Choanotaenia infundibulum, Amoebotaenia sphenoides and the incidence recorded, 5235, 37.5, 20, 27.5, 22.5 and 2.5 percent, respectively
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7.
Studies On The Prevalence And Taxonomy Of Paramphistomes In Sheep And Their Effects On Various Blood Parameters
by Gohar Zaman Khattak | Dr. Mubashar Saeed | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Sagheer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Paramphistomes in sheep, taxonomy of the species of the genus Paramphistomum, and their effects on various blood parameters of the infected animals. For this purpose Municipal Corporation Abattoir, Peshawar was visited regularly during the months of May, June and July,1990. A total of 300 sheep were examined for the study purpose. These animals were divided into two age groups each comprising of 150 sheep. Group-I comprised of sheep below one year of age, while Group-II had sheep of more than one year age. Fifty sheep, each from Group-I and Group-II, were examined each month during the course of study.
Five ml of blood was collected from the jugular vein of the sheep, prior to slaughter, in a test tube having a few drops of 0.1% EDTA. After its slaughter the compound stomach of the animal was obtained and put into a polythene bag, which was then brought to parasitology Section, Veterinary Research Institute, Peshawar for further investigations. After opening of the compound stomach, each compartment was searched for paramphistomes. Helminths so collected were put into glass jars. Preservation and staining of Paramphistomes was carried out by adopting the prescribed methods. Complete record of worms collected, regarding their number and site of predilection was maintained. The taxonomy of the species of the genus Paramphistomum was studied with the help of keys.
All the parasites of the genus Paramphistomum were recovered from the rumen of the infected sheep identified as Paramphistomum cervi.
A total of 2,329 helminths (Paramphistomum cervi) were recovered from infected sheep of both the age groups.Average infection rate in these animals was recorded as 7.00%, with an average worm burden of 111 helminths per animal.
Out of 150 below one year of age sheep examined, 8 were found infected with Paramphistomum cervi with an infection rate of 5.33%. Three sheep from Group-I were found infected with Paramphistomum Cervi in each of the month of May and June, while in July only two animals were found infected with these parasites. The highest rate of infection with these parasites was observed in May and June, and the lowest infection rate was recorded in the month of July. A total of 727 helminths were recovered from the infected animals of Group-I with a range of 73 to 112, and the average parasitic load being 91 per animal.
150 sheep of above one year age were examined,out of which 13 were found infected with Paramphistomum cervi, with an infection rate of 8.66%. Six animals of Group-II were found infected in May, for in June and three in the month of July. A total of 1,602 parasites were recovered from these animals, ranging from 96 to 140, with an average worm burden of 123 helminths per animal.
Blood of infected sheep was exposed to various haematological studies including total erythrocyte count (TEC), Hb estimation, packed cell volume (PCV) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).These tests were also carried out for worm-free (control) sheep, 10 each from Group-I and Group-II.
A decrease of 8.39% and 14.20% was noticed in total erythrocyte count (TEC) of the infected sheep of Group-I and Group-II, respectively. The results revealed that a highly significant decrease in the TEC of these animals had occurred due to Paramphistomum cervi infection.
Haemoglobin contents of blood were determined. The results showed a fall in the Hb contents of blood. The results of the study revealed that a non-significant decrease resulted due to paramphistomiasis in the Hb contents of blood of animals with below one year age, while a highly significant decrease occurred in the haemoglobin contents of blood of animals with above year of age.
A decrease of 3.35% and 12.25% was recorded in the packed cell volume (PCV) of the infected sheep of Group-I and Group-II, respectively. The results showed that a non-significant decrease occurred in the PCV of infected animals of Group-I, while a highly significant decrease was caused by paramphistomiasis in Group-II animals.
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of worm free (control) as well as sheep infected with Paramphistomum cervi was determined. The results showed a 14.0% and 141.42% increase in the ESR after one hour in the infected animals of Group-I and Group-II, Respectively, while the increase in ESR after 24 hours was recorded as 120.5% and 196% for these groups, respectively. The results revealed that a significant increase occurred in ESR of infected sheep of Group-I, after one hour as well as 24 hours, a highly significant increase was observed.
Statistical analysis of the results of the study also revealed that there existed a negative correlation between age of the animal and total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume of blood. A positive correlation existed between age of animals and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
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8.
A Study On The Prevalance Of Ascaridia Galli And The Effects Of Experimental Infection On Various Blood Parameters
by Rubina Rehman | Dr. Mubashir Saeed Mian | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. M. Athar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Ascaridia galli is the common intestinal nematode of poultry that causes severe losses in birds resulting in decreased weight gain and fall in egg production. These symptoms show that parasitic diseases are the constraints in the development of profitable poultry industry.
To find out the prevalence 300 chicken guts were obtained from different poultry meat shops in Lahore from May to August, 1993.
An overall prevalence of 60 percent was recorded in chicks. The incidence of infection was highest (73.3 percent) in the month of July and lowest (42.6 percent) in the month of May.
For conducting haematological examination one hundred and thirty-five chicks were purchased and reared under good hygienic conditions. At the age of 15 days chicks were divided into 3 groups (A, B and C). Chicks of groups A and B were infected with 50 and 100 eggs, respectively, while group C was taken as control. After 35 days of inducing experimental infection blood samples from all the three groups were taken at an interval of 5 days i.e., 35, 40 and 45 days postinfection to examine erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin level, total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count.
Significantly lower values of erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin were estimated in infected groups A and B as compared to control group C, while higher values were obtained for heterophil, lymphocyte and eosinophil in infected chicks resulting in an overall increase in total leukocyte count. It was also estimated that A. gal/i produced no significant change in monocyte count.
Chicks from group A, B and C were weighed every week after infection to see the effect of A. gaili infection on body weight.
Results regarding body weight showed that there was significant decrease in weight in group A and B as compared to control group C and there was also significant decrease in group B as compared to group A.
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9.
Haematological Studies And Estimation Of Electrolytes In Dogs Exhibiting Diarrhoeal Signs
by Shuaib Zaffer, M | Dr. shakeel Akhtar khan | Dr. ahmed Raza | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the haematological values and the serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride) levels in the dogs exhibiting diarrhoeal signs. For this purpose one hundred dogs showing diarrhoeal signs were selected from Dog Hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore while ten healthy dogs were also used as control group. Tentative diagnosis was tried to establish in each animal of experimental group. Blood samples were collected from the all the animals of both groups. The aematological parameters (TEC, PCV, ESR and Hb) and serum biochemical analysis (sodium, potassium and chloride) were conducted on all blood samples. The changes in blood values of each case was tried to correlate with its tentative diagnosis.
On the basis of tentative diagnosis conditions observed were: parvovirus infection, parasitic infestation, mixed infection, canine distemper and dietary disturbances. These conditions of experimental dogs were named as groups A, B, C, D and E. Haematological values (TEC, PCV, ESR and Hb) in group A were decreased considerably as compared to the control group. In group B the values of (TEC, PCV and ESR) were decreased while the values of Hb was normal as compared to the control group. Group C also showed considerable decrease in the values of haematological parameters. In group D the change in haematological parameters showed that the values of TEC, Hb and PCV were decreased considerably while the value of ESR was increased considerably. The haematological changes in group E were similar to the changes recorded in group E. The changes in biochemical substances revealed that in groups A, B, C and D the mean values of biochemical substances (sodium, potassium and chloride) were decreased as compared to the control group, in group E values of sodium and chloride were decreased slightly while the value of potassium was within the normal range. All the dogs of experimental groups exhibited macrocytic normochromic anaemia.
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10.
Study On The Prevalence Of Genus Trypanosoma And Effects Of Natural Infection On Various Blood Parameters In Dogs
by Afzal, M | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. M. sarwar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of genus trypanosome and the effects of natural infection on some blood parameters in dogs.
For this purpose blood samples of 500 pet dogs (250 adult dogs and 250 pups) were examined at Dog Hospital, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. Giemsa staining procedure was admpted to stain glass slides having blood smears made from blood samples.
Out of 500 ogs, 30 dog were found positive for tryponosomiasis. It revealed that only 6% prevalence of trypanosomiasis in dogs was estimated. In case of adult dogs out of 250 dogs, 13 dogs (5.2%) and in pups out of 250 dogs, 17 dog (6.2%) were found trypanosome infected. So pups were found more susceptible as compared to adult dogs. During research it was also noticed that mot of the dogs which were found positive being kept with horses.
Then blood samples of 10 adult dogs and pups each which wre positive for trypanosomiasis and 10 adult dogs and pups each which were healty (as control) were further examined for the estimation of haemoglobin paced cell volum, erythrocytes sedimentation rate and total serum protein to check the effects of natural infection on mentioned blood parameters.
The blood parameters of trypanosome infected and healthy adult dogs were compared and similarly blood parameters of trypanosome infected and healthy pups were compared. For this comparison unpaired 't' test was applied. By calculation it was found that haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total serum protein of trypanosome infected adult dogs and pups were significantly decreased as compared to healthy adult dogs and pups, respectively. But the erythrocytes sedimentation rate was found significlantly increased in case of trypanosome infected adult dogs and pups as compared to healty, adult dogs and pups.
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11.
Prevalence Of Mixed Infection Of Hematodes & Cestodes In Sheep, Its Chemotherapy & Effect On Certain Blood
by Jawaria Ali Khan | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Asif Rabbani | Dr.iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: A Study was conducted to assess the effects of albendazole and oxfendazolc agaitist mixed infection of nematodes and cestodes in naturally infected sheep on he bases of post medical ion reduction of egg per grain oF ficces and its certain blood ComponentS. The animals were emaciated in diarrhoeal condition rough body coat and progressive loss of weight.
Three hundred sheep were selected. I 24 sheep showed positive infection. Out of 1 24 sheep 30 sheep were positive fir mixed infection of nematodes and cestodes. They were divided into three groups each containing 10 animals naturally infected A, 13 & C while group 1) was kept non-infected and non-medicated, Group A was treated vith albendazole (Albavel, tab I 52mg Medi Vet) 5mg/Kg bw orally. Group 13 was treated with oxlcn(lazote (Oxafax suspension, Glaxo, Wellcome) 5mg/Kg b.w orally. Group C kept as mfecte(l untreated control while group 1) was uninfected untreate(l negative control group.
The egg per gram 1ieccs was formed on the fl, 31(1 and day of treatment which indicated (hat both drugs were effective against G .1 .T nematodes and cestodes infection.
The chemotheraputic examination Showed that egg per gram of faeces in group A, B & C were 2683, 2561 and 2712 respectively on 0 day while group D examined nil being control non-infectcd group. The EPG in group A. B, C was nil, 122, 2740,respectively, on 3rd day and on 10th day nil, 114, 2973 respectively. While in group D the egg per gram of faces was zero due to uninfective negative control group.
The haematological Studies showed that the average haematological values were increased toward nor vial with treatment in group A & B. There was fall in the haemoglobin value in untreated infected group C during experiment while iii group D, there was no significant change in haemoglobin levels which was almost same throughout the experiment.
The total leukocyte count returned towards iii all groups normal except group C. The differential leukocytic count, the Basophils decreased, lymphocytes increased and Neutrophils, Fosinophils and Monocytes showed variation in their number. No side effects in both medicines were recorded tInting experiment.
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