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1. Linseed Cake As A Protein Source In Broiler Rations

by Sultan Mahmood | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Nisar Ahmed | Saghir Ahmed Jafri.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0081,T] (1).

2. Studies On The Chick Growth Inhibition Of Rapeseed Meal

by Zaboor Khan, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Nisar Ahmed | Saghir Ahmed Jafri.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Rapeseed meal is one of the by-products of the oil industry obtained after the extraction of oil, generally by expeller method. The meal i. a good source of vegetable protein which could be incorporated in different poultry feeds. The use of rapeseed meal as a vegetable protein source in poultry feeds is limited due to its growth inhabitary effects. The meal contains a sulfur containing glucoside called 'Goitrin' which during digestion by an endogenous enzyme, 'myrosinase'is hydrolyzed to volatile, 'isothiocyanate', an antinutritional factor for poultry. The present study was designed to determine the effect of growth-inhabiting factor in indigenous rapeseed meal on the growing chicks and to improve its nutritive value for poultry feeding, through different mechanical and chemical treatments like solvent extraction, autoclaving, water treatment and ferrous sulphate treatment. For this purpose two experiments were designed. In both the experiments day old 'Indian Rivers" broiler chicks were used as experimental animals. In the first experiment effect of feeding different levels of rapeseed meal on the growth rate, feed consumption and feed utilization of the chicks were determined. Effects of rapeseed meal on the internal organs, dressed weight and dressing percentage of the chicks were also studied. Feeding different levels of untreated rapeseed meal in lieu of soybean meal in 1st experiment showed non-significant differences in weight gain, feed utilization, dressed weight, dressing percentage and weights of internal organs amongst the groups and replicates except the thyroid gland. This might be on account of the lower content of 'Allyl-isothiocyanate the antinutritional factor present in the indigenous rapeseed meal. However, there was a slight depression in the growth rate of the chicks fed rations containing different levels of rapeseed meal. It was observed that feeding of rapeseed meal at more than JLO% of the ration significantly increased (P/O.OJ) the weight of thyroid glands. There was almost a proportionate increase in the weight of thyroid glands of the chicks fed rations with increasing levels of rapeseeed meal. The second experiment was designed to study the effect of different mechanical and chemical treatments on the nutritive value of rapeseed meal. For this purpose, 'apeseed meal after autoclaving, solvent extraction, water and ferrous sulphate treatments was incorporated at 20% level in the experimental rations. The treatments of the meal did not improve the weight gains, feed utilization and dressed weight of the chicks as compared with untreated rapeseed meal. This might be due to the reason that the indigenous rapeseed meal contained a lower level of glucosinolate, the antinutritional factor responsible for growth inhabition in chicks and thus the effect of different treatments to reduce the level of the glucosinolate of the meal was not significant. There was, rather more depression in growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks fed rations containing water treated rapeseed meal. This might be attributed to the formation of more toxic compounds during the microbial fermentation in water treatment of the meal. Conclusion Results of the experiments indicated almost a proportionate decrease in the growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks fed rations containing different levels of rapeseed meal. However, there was no significant difference in the weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the chicks, fed rations containing different levels of rapeseed meals. There was no effect of different mechanical or chemical treatments of rapeseed meal on its nutritive value except water treatment, which, rather produced adverse effects on the growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks. This might be due to the fact that the indigenous meal contained a lower level of 'Allyl-isothiocyanate' the antinutritional factor responsible for growth inhabition of the chicks. Recommendations Based on the results of the present study it is recommended that rapeseed meal upto a level of 10% could be incorporated in broiler rations without impairing the growth rate and feed utilization of the chicks. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0273,T] (1).

3. Dietry Modulation Of Intestinal Physiology In Coccidiosis Induced Broiler

by Ihtesham -UL- Haq | Habib -UR-Rehman | Nisar Ahmed | Prof.Dr.Ejaz Ahmed | Faculty of Biosciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: Coccidiosis is a ubiquitous disease of almost universal importance in poultry production. The disease may strike any type of poultry in any type of facility and causes large economic losses. The immune responses of the body against coccidiosis are complex because Eimeria species exhibit a complex life cycle, which includes stages inside and outside the birds and the inside-stage, comprises extracellular and intracellular stages. The major component in coccidiosis control in the poultry industry since the I 940s has been the use of anticoccidial compounds. These compounds, when used in carefully designed prophylactic treatment programs are efficient in disease control. However, the inevitable development of drug resistance to chemical types of anticoccidials by avian coccidia, the increased pressure from consumers and governments to phase out the use of chemical anticoccidials in the diet of food animals has resulted in the need of a reexamination of another type of coccidial control. Among others, mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) has shown promising in suppressing pathogens of the intestinal mucosa of chickens. In present study one twenty broiler chicks was obtained from hatchery and divided in to four groups. Antibiotic free diet supplemented with prebiotic was fed to each group. The infected group was inoculated orally with Eimeria. The overall body weight gain, lesion scoring, relative weights of gut organ and bacterial growth of clostridium perfringens and E. coli was investigated. The overall beneficial effect of the prebiotic on these parameters was screened. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1168,T] (1).

4. Comparative Study Of Desi Fowl (Fural Fowl) And Payoumi(Egyptian Fowl) Under Controlled Managemental Conditions

by Safdar Anjum, M | Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: The study conducted at the College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore was aimed to compare the Desi fowl (Rural breed) and Fayoumi (Egyptain breed) for the selection of breed best suited for meat production. The basis of the selection were body weight, feed consumption, feed efficiency, production cost, slaughter analysis and chemical composition of the carcass. 120 eggs of the Desi breed were collected from the deep rural areas of Punjab and the same number of eggs of Fayoumi breed was obtained from Government Poultry Farm Lahore. These Eggs were hatched in the Animal Husbandry section, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore. Sixty birds each of Desi and Fayoumi breed were divided into three replicates and reared under controlled managemental conditions upto 16 weeks of age. Broiler starter ration was fed ad.libitum during the first 8 weeks of age and broiler finisher ration during the last 8 weeks of age.At the 8th, 12th, and 16th week of age 3 birds from each group were taken randomly and slaughtered. The slaughter analysis and chemical composition of the meat was studied (Richard, 1984). The data wa subjected to two way analysis of variance and 2*2*3 factorial. There was no significant difference in body weight upto 10 weeks of age but Desi breed gained significantly more body weight from 11th to 16th week of age. Feed consumption and feed efficiency of Desi breed was highly significantly better as compared to Fayoumi birds. Mortality was found to be more in Desi birds and production cost was more in Fayoumi. Non significant differences were found between the breeds in Dressing percentage, Giblet, Liver, Gizzard, and Heart weight. Breast meat percentage, Shank and Keel lengths were also non significant between the breeds. However there were highly significant between the breeds during 8th. , 12th, and 16th week of age. Bone meat ratio was highly significantly more in Fayoumi breed. Breast width was more in Desi and the difference between the breeds was significant. Correlations of breast meat,shank and keel length with body weight were found higher in Desi breed. Chemical analysis indicated non significant differences between the breeds in moisture and crude protein contents; although apparently moisture percentage was higher in Fayoumi and protein were notices more in Desi Breed. Lipid percentage was higher in Fayoumi fowl at 8th week of age whereas it increased at the 12th and 16th week of age in local fowl and significant difference between the breeds was observed. The Percentage of ash was significantly more in Fayoumi breed. On the whole the results of the study indicate better overall performance by Desi birds. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0010,T] (1).

5. Study On The Effect Of Various Levels Of Dietary Protein In Quail

by Saleem Khan, M | Ch.Muhammed Saleem | Muhameed ASlam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: The experiment was conducted on 270 one day old Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) to study the effect of various levels of dietary protein on the performance of quail chicks. The chicks were randomly divided into five experimental groups, comprising 54 chicks. Each group was further sub-divided into 3 replicates of 18 chicks each. The data collected was statiscally analysed using analysis of variance. Five experimental rations A, B, C, D and E containing 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 percent protein were prepared respectively. The rations were isocaloric, each containing about me 2800 Kcal/kg. The allotted rations and fresh water were provided to the respective groups ad lib for a period of eight weeks. Brooder temperature was maintained at 95o F during first week of the study. It was lowered at the rate of 5oF every week till it reached 70oF, thereafter it was kept constant. The rest of the managemental and environmental conditions were identical. The results of the study revealed non-significant difference in body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion in all the five groups of experimental chicks. Best feed conversion ratio was observed in chicks fed on ration B and C containing 26 and 28% protein respectively. Chicks fed on ration A, D and E revealed poor feed conversion ratio. Maximum mortality (7.4%) was observed in chicks fed on ration B containing 26% protein. The results indicated that birds fed on 26% protein gave the highest dressing percentage (70.2) while chicks fed on 24% protein gave the minimum dressing percentage (65.1). Best feathering was observed in group B fed on ration containing 26% protein and poorest feathering was in the chicks fed on ration a containing 24% protein. Results of the experiment indicated that chicks fed on 26% protein ration gave the best performance and were quite economical. Conclusion At the end of study, it was found that Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) can be reared economically on a ration containing 26% protein under local environmental conditions with best weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feather development, dressing percentage and lowest mortality percentage. It is, therefore, recommended that the quail should be reared by using 26% protein in ration. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0019,T] (1).

6. Effect Of Egg Weight On Chick Weight And On Subsequent Performance Of Japanese Quails

by Shaukat Ali | Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: The present project was planned to study the effect of egg weight on chick weight at day old and its subsequent performance in Japanese quails. Three hundred and sixty quail eggs were purchased from a local breeding farm and divided into 3 equal groups i.e., A, B and C according to their weights i.e. , small (8.5-9.5 gm), medium (9.6-10.5 gm) and large (10.6-11.5 gm) respectively. The eggs were incubated and hatched. Sixty chicks from each group were randomly divided into 3 replicates of 20 chicks each and were reared under the identical management and environmental conditions. A commercial quail's ration was provided ad libtium. Fresh and clean water was given all the times. The experimental chicks were weighed individually at one day-old and on weekly basis upto the age of 6 weeks. Weekly feed consumption was also recorded for each group. At 6 weeks of age two birds from each replicate were picked up randomly and slaughtered to observe the dressing percentage of visceral organs and biochemical values of blood. The average weight gain observed per quail upto 6 weeks of age on the basis of egg weight in groups A, B and C was 119.70, 130.70 and 147.30 gms and the average feed consumption per quail was 472.83, 481.89 and 463.88 gms respectively. The feed efficiency values were 3.95, 3.68 and 3.14 respectively. The mortality percentage was 5.00, 3.33 and 0 percent. The average dressing percentage was 60.64, 67.88 and 64.23 respectively. The average weight of liver was apparently more in quails hatched from group B as compared to quails hatched from group A and C. The quails hatched from group B exhibited apparently maximum weight of heart as compared to quails hatched from group A and C. However, the average weight of gizzard was maximum in quails hatched from group C as compared to quails hatched from group A and B. Statistical analysis of the data revealed non-significant effect of egg weight on feed consumption, dressing percentage, giblet weight (liver, heart and gizzard), protein, lipids and cholesterol of serum, packed cell volume, total leucocytic count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin and erythrocytes. However, the effect of egg size was highly significant at (P 0.1) in case of body weight gain, feed efficiency and blood sugar level of experimental quails. The monetary return per quail was Rs. 2.00. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0021,T] (1).

7. Studies On Semen Characteristics And Fertility Of Lohi Rams At Different Ages

by Babar Raza Khan | Naeem Ullah Khan | Nisar Ahmed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0052,T] (1).

8. Effect Of Alkali (Lime And Sodium Hydroxide) Treatment On The Nutritive Value Of Wheat Straw In Sahiwal Calves

by Ashfaq Ahmad | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Ehtisham Pervaiz | NIsar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0059,T] (1).

9. The Effect Of Different Dietary Protein Levels And Stock Density On The Performance Of Japanese Quail

by Ishaq, M | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0064,T] (1).

10. Studies On The Use Of Sunflower Oil Meal In Broiler Rations

by Naseem Anwer | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0067,T] (1).

11. Urea As A Protein Substitute In The Pattening Of Sheep Under Feed Lot System

by Jamil Basra, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0070,T] (1).

12. The Effect Of Different Feed Incredients As A Predisposing Factor Of Hydropericardium Syndrome In Broiler

by Amer Habib | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed Saleem Chaudry | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0072,T] (1).

13. Studies On The Use Of Sunflower Meal As Vegetable Protein Supplement In Broiler Rations

by Rehman, A | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0073,T] (1).

14. Studies On The Effects Of Processing Temperatures On The Nutritive Value Of Sunflower Meal For Poultry Feeding

by Tariq, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed Nawaz Asgher | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1990Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0084,T] (1).

15. Studies On The Mating Behaviour And Semen Characteristics Of Teddy And Beetal Bucks

by Tariq Aleem | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Nisar Ahmed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Present study was made to assess the relationship between Libido, mating behaviour and semen characteristics of two different breeds of bucks (Teddy Vs Bectal) at different stages of age. in past, no parameters have been fixed to investigate the effect of Sexual activities on the semen production and different semen characteristics of bucks Libido, mating behaviour and semen quality has been evaluated by using various tests for different physical parameters. A significant difference was observed in the Libido and mating behaviour indices with in the breeds and within the age groups i.e. 86.99 ± 1.25 Vs. 83.55 ± 3.89 (Group I Vs. II), 82.99 ± 3.17 Vs. 79.44 + 0.49 (group III Vs. IV) and 85.83 ± 0.83 Vs. 84.84 ± 3.69 (group I Vs. II) 81.79 + 2.00 Vs. 84.09 ± 1.04 (group III Vs. IV) where as a significant difference was observed in the volume of ejaculates, Percentage of live/dead spermatozoa, percentage of tail and mid piece abnormalities between the bucks of all the four groups i.e., 0.98 ml ±Vs. 1.02 ml ± 0.05 (group I Vs. II), 1.2 ml ± 0.04 Vs. 1.25 ml ± 0.09 (grouplll Vs. IV) and 5.14% + 0.37 Vs. 3.98 ± 0.29 kind 6.15 ± 0.45 Vs.4.32 ± 0.42 respectively. Where as, for mid piece abnormalities it was 7.01 ± 0.24 Vs. 1.48 ± 0.16 and 6.01% + 0.2 Vs. 1.32 ± 0.9 respectively. A highly significant difference was recorded for sperm cell concentration per ml and the percentage of total morphologically abnormal spermatozoa within the breed and within the age groups i.e., 2903.83 X io6 ± 24.35 Vs. 3829.03 X io6 ± 40.22 (group I Vs. II) and 2992.34 X 106 ± 26.83 Vs. 3776.74 X 1o6 ± 39.73 (group III Vs. IV) and 15.97 ± 0.74 Vs. 4.74 ± 0.29 (group I Vs. II), 16.98$ + 0.8 Vs. 3.95 ± 0.25 (group III Vs. IV). A non-significant difference was found in mass motility, pH, percentage of head abnormalities and percentage of presence of plasma droplet. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0214,T] (1).

16. Effect Of By Pass Fat On The Performance Of Indegenous Cross Bred Dairy Cattle

by Iqbal Shahid, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The performance of liverstock is largely affected by their level of energy intake. To increase milk quantity and quality energy dense ingredient i.e "By Pass Fat" (priplus prime manufactured by UNICHEMA. Pvt, Australia was included in the ration of dairy animals to determine its effect on the productive performance of indigenous cross-bred dairy lactating cattle. For this purpose 12 cross bread (Freisian x Sahiwal) cows in early lactation period, of almost similar lactation number, milk production and body weight were randomly selected and divided into three group (A, B & C) comprising of 4 animals each. Three concentrates were prepared in such a way to have 16% C.P & 1.37 Mcal/Kg M.E Concentrate I was taken as control. 10% "By Pass Fat" was incorporated in concentrate II which was isocalorics & isonitrogenous to concentrate I and 500gm "By Pass Fat" per animal per day along with concentrate I was supplemented in ration Ill. These three concentrate I, II & Ill were fed to the animals of group A, B & C respectively. The average total milk production of the animals of groups A, B & C fed rations I, II & Ill were recorded 4478.79, 4663.42 & 4663.39 litter respectively, where as the average total feed consumed by the animals of group A, B & C was 13307, 13121 & 13128.5 Kg. respectively. The best feed efficiency (2.81) of animals of groups B & C fed rations II & Ill, where as the poor feed utilization (2.97) was observed in the animal of control group (A). The average total weight gained by the animals of groups A, B & C fed rations I, II & Ill were 43, 54 & 89 Kg. respectively. The results thus obtained showed significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the weight gain, milk production, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the animals of groups B and C fed ration II (10% "By Pass Fat") and ration Ill (additional supplementary feeding of 500 gms by pass fat) as compared to the animals of group A fed ration I (control). However, there was non significant difference in the milk production, weight gain & feed utilization of the animals of group B & C fed ration II & Ill containing 10% "By Pass Fat" and 500gm additional supplementary feeding of "By Pass Fat" over above recomended nutrient requirements in the ration of dairy cattle. The data an milk composition showed nonsignificant effect in the milk of the animals fed different experimental rations. There was 4% increase in the milk production of the animals fed ration containing 10% "By Pass Fat" as compared to the milk production of the animals fed ration containing no "By Pass Fat". - Possibly this might be because of lower genetic potential of the animals. Therefore "By Pass Fat" proved better source of energy as compared to Carbonecious ingredinets. An additional supplementary feeding of 500 gm "By Pass Fat" over & above the recommended nutrient requirement in the rations of dairy animals did not show any increase in the milk production of the animals. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0220,T] (1).

17. Study On Mineral Imbalances In Crossbred And Nondescript Cattle On Pakistan

by Sharif Saghar, M | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Minerals are the essential nutrients having significant role in the animal nutrition because of both their excess and deficiency produce detrimental effect en the productive and reproductive performance of the animals. In the present study the levels of macro and micro mineral elements were studied in crossbred and non-descript cattle of Punjab and Sind provinces of the country. For this purpose M6 blood samples from both the local breeds been' randomly collected from districts of Lahore, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Sargodha, Jhang, Faisalabad, Okara and Sahiwal of Punjab province and Karachi , Hyderabad and Tharparkar of Sind province. These areas were included in the study because of higher population of dairy cattle. The blood samples were collected from four different classes of cattle i.e.. calves, heifers, dry pregnant and lactating non pregnant. The serum was separated from the blood samples. Ser4Jm samples were analysed f or calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese and iron. Sodium and potassium were analysed on flame photometer while calcium magnesium, 7)n4 copper, manganese and iron were analysed on atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Double beam spectrophotometer was used for the estimation of phosphorus. The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using complete randomize design arid the differences in the means were tested using DMR test. The mean values of serum minerals in crossbred cattle of Punjab province were Calcium 7.04 mg/100ml, phosphorus 2.94 mg/100 ml, sodium 125.17 meq/L, potassium 4.67 meq/t, magnesium 2.49 mg/100 ml, zinc 0.81 ppm, copper 0.69 ppm, manganese 0.45 ppm and iron 1.26 ppm. Highly significant difference (P<0.0l) in the values of serum minerals of crossbred cattle were found among districts while difference among various classes of crossbred cattle were non significant (P>0.05). The mean values far non descript cattle of Punjab and Sind provinces were, calcium 6.83 mg/100 ml phosphoras 2.83 mg/100 ml. sodium 130.10 meq/L, potassium 4.96 meq/L.. magnesium 2.55 mg/ 100 ml, zinc 0.86 ppm, copper- 0.72 ppm, manganese 0.47 ppm and iron 1.32 ppm.. Highly significant difference (P<0.01) was found among various classes in different districts of Punjab and Sind province. The variation in the mineral status of the animals under study might be due to many factors Like breed of animals, plane of feeding practices, composition of soil, source and supply of water and climatic conditions of the region etc. The serum mineral values observed f or crossbred and non--descript cattle of Punjab and Sind provinces of the country were relatively lower than the exotic breeds reported in the literature. While comparing the serum mineral values of crossbred with non-descript cattle, lower values for most of the minerals were found in crossbred cattle except calcium and phosphorus. Severe deficiency of serum phosphorus, zinc and copper was observed in both breeds of cattle of Punjab and Sind provinces of the country, while a mild deficiency of serum sodium and manganese was recorded. Crossbred animals were found more prone to mineral deficiencies as compared with the non-descript animals. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0255,T] (1).

18. Effect Of Urea Treatment On The Nutritive Value Of Wheat Straw In The Fattening Of Buffalo Calves

by Ajmal Javed | Muhammed Yoob Malikaq | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0278,T] (1).

19. Studies On The Gross & Microscopic Structures On Urteri And Cervices During Different Stages Of Estrous Cycle In Teddy Goat

by Mazhar Iqbal | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Nisar Ahmed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: In Pakistan goat production has developed into one of the most important and significant agricultural enterprises which not only yields sizable quality of meat and milk but also provides hides and skin both for local consumption as well as export. although Pakistan is the second largest sheep and goat producing country in the near East region, little effort has been made to establish the macro, micro anatomy and biometry of the female reproductive organs of the Teddy goats. The present study relates, macro and micro studies on the uteri and cervices of 40 (ten from each stage of estrous cycle) healthy, non-gravid female Teddy goats upto one year of age in and around Lahore. The average values recorded in this study indicated the length of greater curvature, lesse curvature, width and thickness of right uterine horn were to be 11.19 ± 0.42, 9.94 ± 0.38, 1.40 ± 0.02 and 0.24 ± 0.01 cm and those for left horn were 11.65 ± 0.46, 10.4 ± 0.37, 1.42 4± 0.03 and 0.23 ± 0.03 cm. The mean number of caruncle and their diameter for right horn were 64.3 ± 1.94 and 0.28 ± 0.01 cm and for left horn were 66.2 ± 0.54 and 0.32 ± 0.01 cm respectively. The average length, width and wall thickness for the uterine body were 1.46 ± 0.09, 1.45 ± 0.16 and 0.24 ± 0.01 cm. The mean length and width for the cervix were 2.84 ± 0.08 and 1.42 ± 0.08 cm. The average no. of cervical rings were 4.52 ± 0.07. The left horn was found more in length than right horn. The maximum weight of uterine horn was observed during the estrus stage of the estrous cycle. The average weight for the right uterine horn, left uterine horn, uterine body and cervix were 5.25 ± 0.36, 5.42 ± 0.40, 1.54 ± 0.14 and 2.14 ± 0.21 gm respectively. The significant uterine histological feature was the presence of a simple columnar surface epithelium in the proestrus stage and pseudostratified columnar in the estrus, metestrus and diestrus stages of the estrous cycle. The surface epithelium of the cervix was found to be simple columnar during all stages of the estrous cycle. Further more no true glands were observed in the cervical wall. The lumen of cervix was seen divided by a number of longitudinal folds during all stages of the estrous cycle. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0321,T] (1).

20. Studies On Rate Of Passage Of Ingesta And Digestibility Of Nutrients In Nili Ravi Buffalo, Sahiwal And Crossbred Cattle

by Ghulam Hussain Jaffar | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The project was planned to study the rate of passage of ingesta from the alimentary tract and digestibility of various nutrients in Buffalo, Sahiwal and cross-bred (Fresian x Sahiwal) calves. The rate of flow of irigesta through the digestive tract determins the rate of digestion of feed. The present investigation was an attempt to compare the flow rate of ingesta and digestibility of nutrients in Buffalo, Sahiwal andeross-bred calves. The digestion trial was conducted on 4 buffalo, 4 Sahiwal & 4 cross-bred calves. Measurement of rate of passage of ingesta in the animals was made during 10 days after feeding of experimental ration containing stained wheat straw. Each calf was fed with a portion of the stained wheat straw (with 1% crystal voilet) - at the rate of 4% of their daily D.M intake. The collection of the faeces was initiated from the time of feeding to 14 hour post feeding, then at B hourly intervals during the next three days, at 8 hourly intervals for following 3 days, at 12 hourly interval during 7th and 8th day and at 18 hourly interval during the last 2 days. Stained particles were counted in each 2.5 gm of faeces obtained at each sampling period. With the help of sterioscope, the numbers of stained particles per sampling period were calculated and expressed as a percentage of total number of particles excreted during 242 hours of experimental period. The samples of ration and faeces voided were chemically analysed on D.M basis for crude protein, 'crude fibre, ether extract and mineral matter for digestibility studies. At 14 hours post feeding of the animals 79, 325 and 239 with mean value of 19.75 ± 3.4, 81.25 ± 3.42 and 59.75 ± 5.12 total stained particles were voided in the faeces by Buffalo, Sahiwal and cross-bred calves respectively. The excretion rate of stained particles increased sharply upto 38 hours in Buffalo Calves (18.14%) 20 hours in Sahiwal calves 20.08% and 32 hours in cross-bred calves (16.81%) and it gradually decreased to 0.00% at 242 hours in all the species of animals. The rate of passage of ingesta through the alimentary tract of all species was highly significant (p<0.0l) up to 56th hour post feeding and was no significant thereafter. Retention time of ingesta was more in Buffalo than Sahiwal and cross-bred cattle. However cross-bred had more retention time of ingesta than Sahiwal animals. The dry matter and other nutrient - digestibility was more in Buffalo than other two species. However, the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen free extract was non-significant among different species of animals. Where as the digestibility of crude fibre, ether extract and mineral matter was significantly (p<0.01) more in buffalo than Sahiwal and cross bred cattle. The TDN value was also signficantly (p<0.0l) more in buffalo than Sahiwal and cross-bred cattle. The longer retention of ingesta in buffalo as compared with Sahiwal and cross-bred cattlemight be responsible for more digestion of the nurtrients of the ingested feed in buffalo. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0331,T] (1).

21. Nutritional Evaluation Of Rapeseed Meal (Canola Variety) For Poultry

by Ihsan Elahi, M | Muhammed Yaqoob malik | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0335,T] (1).

22. Relationship Between Luve Body Weight And Body Measurements In Beetal Goats.

by Muhammed Iqbal | Khalid javaid | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: The present study was conducted at Small Ruminants Training and Research Centre, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus Pattoki. The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between live body weight and body measurements in Beetal goats. The goats were arranged in five age groups, A= 0-6 months, B 7-12 months, C = 13-18 months, D= 19-24 months & E> above 24 months. Group A, B and E were further divide into sub group (Male and Female), where as group C and D comprised of females only. Body weights of goats were taken using plate form weighing scale & measurements of body length, height at wither, heart girth, rump and forehead with the help of measuring tape graduated with inches. Data consisted of on 902 observations on goats of different age groups. The mean body weight (kg) of Beetal goat in five age groups ( 0-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-24 and above 24 months of age) was observed as 7.19±4.197, 6.57±3.54 (female), 7.58±4.54 (male), 21.01±5.07, 22.0±4.13 (female), 11.73±3.39 (male), 27.16±3.94, 38.14±5.78, 49.59±9.85, 45.94±6.81 (female) and 62.38±8.21 kg (male), respectively. The body length (inches), of Beetal goat recorded in these age groups was found to be 15.81±2.68, 15.68±2.48 (female), 16.16±2.80 (male), 23.95±2.60 (overall), 24.5±2.03 (female), 18.90±1.87 (male), 26.60±1.35, 29.68±1.34, 3 1.58±0.73 inches, 30.86±1.11 (females) and 34.13±1.73 (male). The mean height at withers (inches) in Beetal goat in five age groups was noted to be 17.50±2.60, 17.18±2.40 (female), 17.72±2.72 (male), 25.76±2.72, 26.34±2.04 (female), 20.24±2.07 (male), 28.34±1.32, 31.02±1.43, 32.42±0.82, 31.52±1.11 (females) and 35.60±1.61 (male) inches respectively. The mean heart girth (inches) in Beetal goat in these age groups was recorded to be 16.36±2.70, 16.02±2.44 (female), 16.58±2.86 (male), 24.25±2.66, 24.78±2.02 (female), 16.36±1.82 (male), 26.93±1.41, 30.32±1.63, 32.73±.87, 31.93±1.71 (females) and 35.60±1.28 (male) respectively. The mean rump (inches) for all five age groups was 2.70±0.92 inches, 2.67±0.51 (female), 2.70±0.53 (male), 4.74±0.63, 4.80±0.45 (female), 3.43±0.41 (male), 5.27±1.47, 5.80±0.40, 6.36±0.24; 6.18±0.47 (females) and 7.04±0.60, (male) respectively, while the mean forehead (inches) for all five ages group was 2.10±0.26, 2.11±0.28 (female), 2.10±0.26 (male), 2.97±0.30, 3.07±0.26 (female), 2.50±0.35 (male), 3.18±1.26, 3.43±0.20, 3.66±0.3 8, 3.46±0.13 inches (females) and 4.33±0.33 (male) respectively. The correlation between body weight and body length, height at withers, heart girth, rump and forehead for group A were 0.969, 0.962, 0.964, 0.856 and 0.878 respectively, for female was 0.965, 0.645, 0.971, 0.830 and 0.918 respectively, while for male were 0.972, 0.967, 0.962, 0.877 and 0.882, respectively. For group B the correlation between body weight and body length, height at withers, heart girth, rump and forehead were 0.928, 0.869, 0.911, 0.828 and 0.653 respectively. Correlations for females were 0.888, 0.781, 0.857, 0.725 and 0.653 respectively, while for males were 0.857, 0.897, 0.887, 0.63 1 and 0.642, respectively. The correlations for group C were 0.805, 0.766, 0.767, 0.088 and 0.229 respectively. For group D 0.782, 0.575, 0.749, 0.94 and 0. 435, respectively. The correlation for group E were 0.844, 0.753, 0.86, 0.70 and 0.61, respectively, for females were 0.612, 0.318, 0.723, 0.394 and 0.062 while for male were 0.842, 0.744, 0.879, 0.788 and -0.007 respectively. It was found during the study that body weight was highly correlated with body measurements in Beetal goats of all age's group. The body length, height at withers and heart girth were observed to be significantly correlated with body weight. During present investigation males were heavier and longer than females in all age groups. Similarly the heart girths as well as height at withers were also bigger in males than those of the females. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1023,T] (1).

23. Effect Of Methionine Suplimentation On The Performanceof Early Lactating Nili Ravi Buffaloes

by Imran Mohsin | Prof.Dr.Muhammed Abdullah | Dr.Abu Saeed Hashmi | Nisar Ahmed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: Feeding management experiment was conducted at Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki on thirty nine lactating Nih Ravi buffaloes divided into three groups thirteen in each kept under tie stall intensive management for a period of four weeks. All the three groups were given roughages ad libitum and concentrate according to their milk production level. The milk production was recorded daily in the morning and evening. Milk samples were collected weekly by mixing the milk produced in the morning and evening and analyzed for various milk composition parameters. The blood from jugular veins of the selected buffaloes was also collected on weekly basis and analyzed for blood bio-chemistry in the WTO quality control laboratory. Highest milk production per day (9.78+O.O9ml) was recorded in T2, followed by TI and T3. Statistically analyzed data showed highly significant (P<O.O1) differences between treatments. Statistically analyzed data showed non significant (P>O.05) differences between treatments. The milk analysis of buffaloes kept Ofl treatments TI, T2 and T3 showed milk fat contents 5.58±0.08, 5.70f0.08 and 6.031-0.08% respectively. SNF% in buffaloes was 8.55±0.16, 8.41+0.16 and 8.20±0.16 respectively. Statistically analyzed data showed significant (P<0.05) differences in fat and non significant (P>0.05) differences in SNF contents between treatments. Feed samples were collected for proximate analysis at laboratory of Animal Nutrition Department UVAS and results revealed that concentration was compared of 17.41, 18.26 and 71 % Dry matter, Crude protein, and TDN, respectively. Blood sample were analyzed for total protein, triglyceride, urea and blood glucose. The blood glucose contents value were 3.96±0.58, 4.08±0.60 and 4.72+ 0.63 mg/uI in buffaloes on treatments Ti, T2 and T3 respectively. Total protein values for each treatment were 6.37±0.54, 6.74±0.55 and 5.97±0.58 mg/dl. Triglycerides were 5.58±0.58, 4.16±0.59 and 4.33+0.62 mg/dl in buffaloes on treatment 1. 2 and 3 respectively. Mean Urea level was 1.40-f 0.024. 1.03+0.25 and 1.56+0.26 mg/dl. The following conclusions have been drawn. - Methionine supplementation increases the overall milk production in buffaloes. - Methionine supplementation has variable effect on different milk - composition parameters. It increases the milk fat percentage but has least effect on other parameters. - Methionine supplementation increases the blood glucose and has no effects on other blood parameters. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1066,T] (1).



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