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1. Effect Of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (Bht) On Beetal Buck Semen Following Cryopreservation

by Abdul Rehman | Prof.Dr. Mian Abdul Sattar | Dr. Amjad Riaz | Dr. Muhammad Ijaz.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1977,T] (1).

2. Follicular Dynamics During Estrous Cycle In Sahiwal Cows

by Muhammad Yasir Arfat (2007-VA-102) | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Dr. Amjad Riaz | Dr. Jawad Nazir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Pakistan by default is an agricultural country. Livestock is mainstay of the farming communities and has exclusive position in national agenda of the development. It plays an important role in poverty alleviation and can uplift the socioeconomic condition of our rural masses. Livestock contribution to agricultural GDP is 55.9 % and its contribution to National GDP is 11.8 % (Anonymous,2013-2014). Total cattle population of Pakistan is 39.7 M (Anonymous, 2013-2014). Livestock, especially cattle, play an important role in agriculture economy of Pakistan in form of milk, meat and draught power. Milk is one of the cheapest sources of nutrition and is beneficial for the human health in all stages of life. Despite the nutritional importance of milk, its per capita availability and consumption is low in our country. This inadequacy is due to suboptimal performance of indigenous dairy cattle due to lack of modern technologies in cattle farming. Pakistan is blessed with the finest breeds of dairy cattle such as Sahiwal, Cholistani and Red Sindhi. Sahiwal cattle breed initially named as Montgomery breed (Bos indicus) is one of the important breeds of indigenous cattle in Pakistan having dairy characteristics. The average milk yield is about 1500 liters per lactation with 4% butter fat. But still its potential of milk production is far less as compared to the exotic breeds e.g. Holstein Friesian etc. This is primarily due to compromised feeding and management and little attention in the past for the selection and breed improvement in Sahiwal cows. Moreover, late age at maturity and longer calving interval (Makuza and McDaniel 1996) are major reproductive issues in Sahiwal cows. Introduction 2 Physiology of oestrus cycle has been extensively studied in Holstein cows ( ). With the advent of ultrasonography in early 1980’s it became possible to study follicular and luteal dynamics during the estrous cycle in detail in Bos taurus (Fortune 1994; Lucy et al. 1992; Savio et al. 1988; Wolfenson et al. 1995), and some beef breeds of Bos indicus cattle (Bó et al. 2003; Figueiredo et al. 1997) and in buffalo (bubalis bubalis) as well (Warriach and Ahmad 2007). The benefit of these studies was that the information on follicular dynamics in Bos taurus breeds has been used to manipulate the estrous cycle in order to improve estrus synchronization (Thatcher et al. 1993; Twagiramungu et al. 1995; Wolfenson et al. 1994) fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) (Pursley et al. 1997; Schmitt et al. 1996a; Schmitt et al. 1996b; Twagiramungu et al. 1995) and embryo transfer procedure (Mapletoft et al. 1994; Roberts et al. 1994). Sahiwal is one of the established zebu cattle (bos indicus) milk breeds of tropical and subtropical region. It is known for its remarkable power of endurance for hot climate, resistance to ticks and other diseases and has high producing ability under harsh environment and low cost of maintenance as compared to the Bos indicus and Bos taurus crossbreds. Due to its promising dairy characteristics and better adaptation to tropical environmental conditions, both the semen and female of this breed have been exported from Pakistan and in Africa and Australia. Differences on the reproductive characteristics between Bos taurus and few breeds of Bos indicus cattle have been reported like luteal tissue characteristics (Pathiraja et al. 1986), Graafian follicle (DF) diameter (Figueiredo et al. 1997) and estrous cycle duration (Castilho et al. 1996). However, surprisingly, there has been no thorough study on the reproductive physiology of the estrous cycle in Sahiwal cows. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to determine the Introduction 3 follicular dynamics, luteal tissue development and regression, estrous cycle length, timing of ovulation, estrus signs and fertility. It is hoped that these data will be helpful for improved assisted reproductive technology e.g. AI, ET etc. (Andrabi and Maxwell., 2007), timing of the treatment of the various hormones (Krininger et al., 2003) and development of new technologies like fixed time A.I, estrus synchronization, super ovulation, embryo transfer in Sahiwal cows. Ultimately, these can increase herd reproductive, productive performance and for preservation of Sahiwal cattle breed. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2183,T] (1).

3. Effect Of Strawberry And Green Tea Extracts Inclusion In Semen Extender On Post -Thawed Semen Quality Of Sahiwal

by Hazrat Ali | Dr.Aqeel javed | Dr.Amjad Riaz | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Being as the cheapest source of antioxidants, the present study was conducted to elucidate the significance of strawberry and green tea extracts inclusion in cryopreserved Sahiwal bull semen. In this study, semen from sahiwal bulls (n = 3) was collected by artificial vagina and subjected to the different inclusion levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%) of strawberry extract. One group (control) received zero inclusion level of strawberry extract. Similarly, semen was also subjected to different inclusion levels (0.25%, and 0.5%) of green tea extract and in the same way, one group (control) received zero inclusion level of green tea extract. Semen was evaluated, diluted, cooled, filled in 0.5ml straws, equilibrated at 4°C for 2 hours and frozen in liquid nitrogen. After storage and transportation to the Theriogenology Laboratory of UVAS Lahore, semen was thawed and evaluated for percentage motility of spermatozoa, plasma membrane integrity (HOS assay) and viability (Live/Dead). Five straws from each strawberry and green tea extracts treatment groups were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds and evaluated for quality parameters. Data collected was presented as mean ± SE. The treatment groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Results of this study revealed that 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion level of green tea are useful for cryopreservation of sahiwal bul semen. In conclusion, 0.5% inclusion level of strawberry extract and 0.25% and 0.5% inclusion levels of green tea extract improved post-thawed semen parameters (motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity), which reflects that strawberry and green tea inclusion in semen extender have a positive effect on semen quality. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1241,T] (1).

4. Dynamics Of Membrane Changes And Generation Of Reactive Oxygen Species During Bovine Sperm Death

by Mushtaq Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Dr. Amjad Riaz | Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1430,T] (1).

5. Reproductive and Productive Performance of Dairy Animals Maintained at Mulitary Dairy Farm Lahore Cantt.

by Abrar Ahmed | Dr. Mian Abdul Sattar | Dr. Amjad Riaz | Prof. Dr. Muhammad.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: NILI RAVI BUFFALOES Average age at maturitywas 829.11 ± 30.34 days. Heiferscalved in1999 and 2008 were found to have maximum and minimum age at maturity, respectively. Heifers calved during the winter and dry summer season were found to have maximum and minimum age at maturity, respectively. Mean birth weight of calves was found 28.16±2.8 kg. The effect of birth weight on age at maturity was found to be significant and it was observed that 1 kg increase in birth weight resulted in 16 days decrease in age at maturity. Average age at first conception was 923.37 ± 30.34 days. Heifers calved in 1996 and 2008 were found to have maximum and minimum age at first conception, respectively. Heifers calved during the winter and dry summer season were found to have maximum and minimum age at first conception, respectively. Average age at first calving was 1295.66 ± 62.91 days. Heifers calved in 2002 and 2008 were found to have maximum and minimum age at first calving, respectively. Heifers calved during the dry summer andautumn season were found to have maximum and minimum age at first calving, respectively. Average service period was 164.1 ± 30.15 days. Maximum and minimum service period was in year of 2002 and 2008, respectively. In dry summer and autumn season, service period was maximum and minimum, respectively. In 11th and 10thlactation, service period was maximum and minimum, respectively.Average services per conception were 1.95 ± 0.23. Maximum and minimum services per conception were in 2005 and 2008, respectively. In humid summer and autumn season, services per conception were maximum and minimum respectively. In 11th and 9th lactation, the services per conception were maximum and minimum, respectively. Average gestation period was 310.90 ± 3.07 days. Maximum and minimum gestation periodwas in 2000 and 2009 2009 respectively. In humid summer and dry summer season, gestation period? was maximum and minimum respectively. In 12th and 8th lactation, the gestation period was maximum and minimum, respectively. Average calving interval was 474.59 ± 29.88 days. Maximum and minimum calving interval was in 2005 and 2001, respectively. In dry summer and autumn season, calving interval was maximum and minimum respectively. In 11th and 10th lactation, calving interval was maximum and minimum, respectively. Average milk yield was 1973.15 ± 53.23 liters. Maximum and minimum milk yield was in 2010 and 2002, respectively. In winter and spring season, milk yield was maximum and minimum respectively. In 4th and 11th lactation, milk yield was maximum and minimum, respectively. Average lactation length was 295.23 ± 64.30 days. Maximum and minimum lactation length was 2001 and 2000, respectively. In spring and humid summer season, lactation length was maximum and minimum respectively. In 10th and 11th lactation, lactation length was maximum and minimum, respectively. Average dry period was 184.93 ± 30.99 days. Maximum and minimum dry period was in 2005 and 2001, respectively. In dry summer and autumn season, dry period was maximum and minimum respectively. In 11th and 10th lactation, dry period was maximum and minimum, respectively. CROSSBRED COWS Average age at maturity was 828.33 ± 20.39 days. Heifers calved during the year of 1998 and 1997 were found to have maximum and minimum age at maturity, respectively. Heifers calved during the humid summer and winter season were found to have maximum and minimum age at maturity, respectively. In 15/16 and 1 /2 crossbred level, age at maturity was maximum and minimum, respectively. Mean birth weight of crossbred cow calves was found 23.35 ± 2.8 kg. The effect of birth weight on age at maturity was found to be significant and it was observed that 1 kg increase in birth weight resulted in 07 days decrease in age at maturity. Average age at first conception was 944.18 ± 30.42 days. Heifers calved in 2004 and 1996 were found to have maximum and minimum age at first conception, respectively. Heifers calved during the humid summer and dry summer season were found to have maximum and minimum age at first conception, respectively. In 15/16 and 1 /2 crossbred level, age at first conception was maximum and minimum, respectively. Average age at first calving was 1245.29 ± 40.96 days. Heifers calved in 2008 and 1995 were found to have maximum and minimum age at first calving, respectively. Heifers calved during autumn and winter season were found to have maximum and minimum age at first calving, respectively. In 7/8 and 5/8 crossbred level, age at first calving was maximum and minimum, respectively. Average service period was 252.83 ± 32.56 days. Maximum and minimum service period was in year of 2006 and 2010, respectively. In winter and humid summer season, service period was maximum and minimum respectively. In 10th and 8th lactation, service period was maximum and minimum, respectively. In 7/8 and 15/16 crossbred level, service period was maximum and minimum, respectively. Average services per conception were 2.13 ± 0.31. Maximum and minimum services per conception were in 1999 and 2002, respectively. In winter and dry summer season, services per conception were maximum and minimum respectively. In 9th and 8th lactation, the services per conception were maximum and minimum, respectively. In 15/16 and 5/8 crossbred level, services per conception were maximum and minimum, respectively. Average gestation period was 278.90 ± 4.36 days. Maximum and minimum gestation period was in 2010 and 2003 respectively. In autumn and winter season, gestation period was maximum and minimum, respectively. In 2nd and 7th lactation, the gestation period was maximum and minimum, respectively. In 7/8 and 15/16 crossbred level, gestation period was maximum and minimum, respectively. Average calving interval was 507.03 ± 33.61 days. Maximum and minimum calving interval was in 2006 and 2000, respectively. In winter and humid summer season, calving interval was maximum and minimum respectively. In 11th and 10th lactation, calving interval was maximum and minimum, respectively. In 5/8 and 15/16 crossbred level, calving interval was maximum and minimum, respectively. Average milk yield was 2141.05 ± 90.10 liters. Maximum and minimum milk yield was in 2008 and 2003, respectively. In dry summer and autumn season, milk yield was maximum and minimum respectively. In 11th and 1st lactation, milk yield was maximum and minimum, respectively. In 15/16 and 3/4 crossbred level, milk yield was maximum and minimum, respectively. Average lactation length was279.31 ± 8.33 days. Maximum and minimum lactation length was 2001 and 2003, respectively. In dry summer and autumn season, lactation length was maximum and minimum respectively. In 11th and 5th lactation, lactation length was maximum and minimum, respectively. In 3/4 and 15/16 crossbred level, lactation length was maximum and minimum, respectively. Average dry period was 238.64 ± 33.93 days. Maximum and minimum dry period was in 2006 and 2000, respectively. In winter and humid summer season, dry period was maximum and minimum respectively. In 5th and 11th lactation, dry period was maximum and minimum, respectively. In 5/8 and 15/16 crossbred level, dry period was maximum and minimum, respectively. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1624,T] (1).

6. Effect of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) on the Follicular Dynamics, Estrus Eepression, Ovulation and Pregnancy Rate in Control Internal Drug Release (CIDR) Based Estrus Synchronization Protocol in NIli-Ravi Buffalo.

by Muhammad Ilyas Naveed | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Dr. Amjad Riaz | Prof. Dr. Muhammad.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Buffalo is unique to livestock and dairy industry in Pakistan as its share is major (65%) in milk production major. Reproduction is crucial for profitable production in dairy sector. Buffalo reproduction is hampered due to small size ovaries, poor ovarian reserves, and less pronounced estrus intensity, ultimately leading to substandard fertility. Synchronization technology including CIDR based protocols are well established in cows and gaining popularity in buffaloes. However, this needs modifications based on estrous cycle physiology in buffaloes. It is hypothesized that addition of eCG at the time inducing luteolysis in CIDR based synchronization protocol will promote follicular growth, ovulation and pregnancy rates. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of addition of eCG to a CIDR based synchronization protocol on ovarian follicular dynamics, estrus rate, ovulation, and pregnancy rates in Nili-Ravi buffalo. Lactating multiparous suckled Nili-Ravi buffalo (n=63) milked twice daily were assigned in a CIDR (1.38 g progesterone Pfizer Co, USA) synchronization regimen. Animals were divided randomly to receive either saline (n=31) or 1000 IU eCG i.m. (n=32) (Chronogest PMSG, Intervet, Holland) concurrent with PGF2á (Dalmazine, cloprostenol, Fatro, Italy) treatment of the CIDR protocol (Day 6). Fixed time, two inseminations were performed at 48 and 60 hours after CIDR removal (Day 7). Number of follicles of variable size recruited at CIDR removal, dominant follicle size, its growth rate and ovulation time did not differ significantly between the groups. The estrus response was not higher significantly (P>0.14) in eCG group than control group but estrus intensity was significantly higher (P>0.001) in eCG group. Ovulation rate and 26 pregnancy per AI was higher (P>0.05 & 0.004) in buffaloes in eCG group. Therefore, It is concluded that eCG is helpful to improve estrus expression, ovulation rate and pregnancy per AI in FTAI program in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1653,T] (1).

7. Effect Of Cholesterol Addition On Cryopreservation Of Spermatozoa And Field Fertility Of Nili Ravi Buffalo

by Abdul Razzaq | Dr. Mian Abdul Sattar | Dr. Amjad Riaz | Dr. Muhammad Avais.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: drama Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1821,T] (1).

8. Comparison Between Aspiration And Slicing Methods For Retrieval Of Oocytes In Bovine

by Muhammad Husnain (2008-VA-281) | Prof. Dr. Mian Abdul Sattar | Dr. Qaiser Shahzad | Dr. Amjad Riaz | Dr. Muhammad Avais.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Livestock contribution to agriculture stood at 55.9 percent while it contributes 11.8 percent to the national GDP during 2013-14. Buffalo, cattle, sheep and goat population in Pakistan is 34.6, 39.7, 29.1 and 66.6 million numbers during 2013-14. Total milk production from buffalo and cattle as major milk producing animals is 31,252 and 18,027 (000 tons) (Economic Survey of Pakistan 2013-14). Advanced biotechnologies coming from different areas of biological sciences exhibit great promise to enhance the efficiency of livestock production. From these technologies one such biotechnology is the use of in vitro maturation of follicular oocytes and in vitro fertilization for production of livestock embryos in laboratory. Proper oocytes recovery and their selection in the laboratory are of great importance for successful in vitro embryo production. Total one hundred and forty four ovaries (n=144) from cattle (72 ovaries) and buffalo (72 ovaries) were collected and 223 oocytes were retrieved from these ovaries. Average oocytes per ovary were 1.66 + 0.43 oocytes per ovary were obtained via aspiration and 1.89 + 0.00 average oocytes per ovary through slicing method from cattle ovaries. Average 1.55 ± 0.55 oocytes per ovary via aspiration and 1.53 ± 0.20 oocytes per ovary through slicing from buffalo ovaries. Overall grade-A oocytes were 28 (40) percent with aspiration in cattle and 25(36.76) through slicing method. In buffalo overall grade-A oocytes retrieval was obtained in percentage as 20 (44.44) and 26 (52) through aspiration and slicing methods respectively. Grade-B oocytes recovery obtained was in percentage as 23 (33.82) with slicing and 19 (31.67) through aspiration technique from cattle ovaries. Summary 26 Commonly used methods of recovery of oocytes from slaughterhouse animals are aspiration and slicing. Recovery rate of oocytes is different from slaughterhouse ovaries. Aspiration is the best method for retrieval of good quality oocytes from slaughterhouse bovine ovaries because it gave more good quality oocytes in less time than slicing method. In this study, it is found that weight of ovary and no. of follicles/ovary in cattle have strong correlation of 71% existed between weight of ovary and no. of follicles /ovary in buffalo was observed. Correlation between average number of follicles on ovary and weight /ovary was stronger in cattle. The more the number of follicles present on the ovaries and more weight of the ovary, the more will be the recovery of oocytes. In cattle average number of follicles was 10.09 ± 0.30 and when it was checked in buffalo, differed significantly and it was found as 7.16 ± 0.19 on an average per ovary. Likewise weight of buffalo in this study was differed significantly from cattle 4.04 ± 0.10 and 7.62 ± 0.15 respectively. It is suggested that oocytes retrieval should be done in buffalo using aspiration method to retrieve better quality oocytes. It is concluded that aspiration is the suitable method for retrieval of good quality oocytes from slaughterhouse buffalo ovaries because it gave more good quality oocytes in less time than slicing method. But both methods have minor difference between recovery rates but aspiration is more convenient than slicing and it yields more quality oocytes. It is also found that there is very strong correlation existed between average weight of ovary and number of follicles per ovary and the both parameters play a great help for more quality and quantity oocytes. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2279-T] (1).
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9. Effect Of Taurine Supplementation On Post-Thaw Quality Of Sahiwal Bull Semen

by Muhammad Irfan (2013-VA-599) | Dr. Aijaz Ali Cheema | Dr. Muhammad Younas | Dr. Amjad Riaz | Dr. Muhammad Haroon Akbar.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: It is well recognized that cryopreservation of bovine semen results in decreased spermatozoal viability due to cryodamages. Oxidative stress is produced due to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) during freez-thaw process.Extreme production of ROS during cryopreservation has been associated with decreased post thaw %age motility, viability, and membrane integrity and sperm fertility capability. Basically antioxidants works to reduce or, taking up the formation of ROS. In recent years, taurine has been used as anti-oxidant in semen extenders and has been used in the cryopreservation of sperm from many species to improve post-thaw quality of spermatozoa by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and protecting cells against accumulation of ROS. Therefore, supplementation of taurine in semen extendercontaining 0,15,30,45 and 60mM concentration was used to decrease the harmful effects of cryopreservation on Sahiwal bull spermatozoa. Three Sahiwal bulls (4-8years) were used in the present study. The bulls were maintained at Semen production unit, Qadirabad and were offered good quality seasonal fodder (at the rate of 10% body weight), supplemented with concentrates (2-4kg/day). The semen was collected from each bull twice a week. Initially the semen was assessed for volume, motility, and concentration. Then the semen was pooled from all bulls and divided into 5 aliquots (150 ul each). Each aliquots diluted with 5groups extender which contain 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60mM taurine concentration. The semen was filled in 0.5ml straws cooled to 5c for 4 h, then frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen (-196c). Post-thaw motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome and DNA integrity was evaluated and statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA. The group supplemented with 60mM concentration of taurine decreased all parameters of post thaw quality ofSahiwal bull spermatozoa. However the group supplemented with 15mM concentration of taurine show higher significantly (p<0.05) results than control and other groups. The post-thaw motility of the group supplemented with 15mM taurine concentration (54.50±2.1) higher significantly (p<0.05) than control (45.50±0.90) and other groups. The treatment group of 15mM taurine concentration show signifantly (p<0.05) higher viability (58.60±1.58 vs50.80±0.70) , plasma membrane integrity (57.10±1.43 vs 49.00±0.65) acrosome integrity (56.80±0.59 vs48.10±1.66) and DNA integrity (98.80±0.23 vs 97.54±0.39) as compared to the control and other groups. It is concluded that the maximum beneficial effect of addition 15mM taurine in tris-based egg yolk extender gives better post-thaw parameters. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2269-T] (1).

10. Effect Of Molting On Reproductive Performance Of Indigenous Aseel Chicken

by Bashir Ahmad Khan (2013-VA-447) | Dr. Aijaz Ali Channa | Dr. Amjad Riaz | Prof. Dr. Athar Mahmud.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: The native breeds of Aseel chicken are playing vital role by producing organic meat and eggs. The Aseel chicken breed has some advantage as compared to other native breeds like, Lyallpur Silver black and Desi for their growth traits. However the growth and production traits need to be enhanced. There is no commercial farming system of Aseel chicken due to its poor fertility and hatchability. To overcome these problems the breeding roosters must be physiologically elite having excellent semen quality for better growth and egg production. The objective of this study was to enhance the semen quality, fertility and hatchability of Aseel roosters by the process of induced molting. For this purpose molting was induced in the 3 old males. There were three groups of Aseel Lakha cockerels’ i.e. molted, non-molted and fresh. The research was performed at Indigenous Genetic Resource Center (ICGRC), Department of Poultry Production, Ravi Campus, Pattoki. To evaluate the impact of induced molting on semen quality, fertility and hatchability followed by natural mating of females to get better fertility and hatchability in eggs. Six Aseel roosters up to 60 weeks of age having 3.5 to 4kg body weight were divided into two groups’ as molted and non-molted. Third group of fresh birds more than 30 weeks of age were selected in this experiment as control. In one older group molting was induced by feed restriction. After completion of molting, two weeks rest was given to birds to recover body weight. These birds were trained for semen collection by abdominal massage method for two weeks. Semen was brought to the laboratory for evaluation after collection in all three groups. The significant difference (P < 0.05), was observed for volume, concentration, motility, livability and morphological defects in molted, non-molted and fresh groups. Eggs collected from the females mated with three groups were stored at 40C for two weeks. After that these Summary 26 fertility, infertile eggs, and dead germs, dead in shell and hatchability% were recorded in three experimental groups. There was significant difference (P < 0.05), between fertility % infertile eggs % dead germs % and hatchability %. It is concluded that the semen quality is improved by the process of induce molting. Further egg sets from the females mated with induced molted males’ yielded better fertility (77%) and hatchability (54.1%) in indigenous Aseel chicken so induced molting is a better tool for the old males after 60 weeks of age for their reproductive performance. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2423-T] (1).

11. Effect Of Bovine Somatotropin On Productive Performance In Nili Ravi Buffaloes During Mid Lactation

by Muhammad Imran (2006-VA-16) | Dr. Muhammad Qamar Shahid | Dr. Muhammad Saad Ullah | Dr. Amjad Riaz.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Agriculture being the backbone of economy contributes 21% of GDP in which major share 55.5 % is of Livestock sectorin the agriculture value added and 11.9 percent of National GDP.Total milk production in Pakistan is 52 million tons per year. Buffalo is playing a leading role in the national economy by producing more milk.Out of total milk produced in the country, buffalo contributes about 68%(Anonymous,2012). Nili Ravi is the best performing animal producing more milk than other buffalo breeds in the world (2500 liters per lactation) but daily average milk production per animal is 7-8 liters. Increasing population in the World as well as Pakistan has resulted in higher demand of milk and milk by products. Animalresearchers are trying to devise different ways through which they can fulfill the increasing demand of milk and meat. Milk and meat production enhancement through different biotechnologies are thought to be important for the developing countries. Synthetic Bovine Somatotropin Hormone (bST) is one of biotechnological product which can help to increasethe production of animals. The current study was conducted atLivestock Experiment Station Bhunikey, Pattoki to determine the effect ofbSTon DMI, body weight, milk production, milk composition, body condition score and production efficiencyin lactatingNili-Ravi buffaloes.Fifty Nili-Ravi lactating buffaloes were selected from the herd at LES Bhunikey, Pattoki. The buffaloes were randomly divided into two groups (A and B) with 25 in each group.All the buffaloes offered silage ad libitum, water access round the clock and supplemented with concentrate @ 1 kg for 2 liter of milk production. Group A was administered with 500mg bST at 14 days interval for 5 months and group B was as control. Dry matter intake was recorded on weekly basis and milk production measured twice a day (morning and evening). Body weight of buffaloes measured on monthly basis. Milk samples were collected after every 2 weeks for fat, lactose, proteins, solid-not-fats and total solids contents using milk analyzer in the Farm and Health Laboratory, Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki. Body condition score of buffaloes on 5-point scale recorded before bST administration during adjustment period then during bST treatment in middle of experiment and finally when withdraw of bST administration. Data obtained was statistically analyzed through analysis of variance (ANOVA) using proc GLM procedure of SAS. Treatment was considered as fixed effect and start milk was used as covariate to avoid any bias. Milk production, DMI and mastitis incidence significantly increased in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes with bST administration. Body condition score decreased significantly but body weight change was non significant in bST treated buffaloes. bST treatment increased milk production in lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes.However, the mastitis incidence and antibiotic treatment increased in bST treated animals. Antibiotic residues in milk are major cause of antibiotic resistance in humans which is a huge challenge to humanity in 21st century. So bST treatment is not a viable approach for enhancing milk production. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2571-T] (1).

12. Eye Color Prediction Using Snps Of Oca2 And Herc2 Genes In Different Eye Color Groups From Pakistani Population

by Iqra Baig (2015-VA-813) | Dr. Muhammad Yasir Zahoor | Dr. Saadat Ali | Dr. Amjad Riaz.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: The outward appearance of living organism that can be visualized is known as External visible characteristic (EVCs). These are related to the interaction of different genes among themselves and with their environment. Through this technique police investigators or other forensic investigators determine perpetrators which are completely unknown to investigating authourities or to pinpoint missing persons utilizing biological samples in those situations where all other evidences of query, along with conventional DNA profiling give non-uniformities. Eye color is a multiplex trait controlled by many genes but the two major genes which play crucial role to determine eye color are OCA2 and HERC2 genes. 74% eye color of human is under the control of OCA2 gene and its function is influenced by HERC2 gene. These are present on chromosome 15. Eye color trait has miscellaneous inheritance pattern which does not obey simple pattern of Mendelian inheritance. Blood samples of 40 volunteers along with photographs of iris collected from local population of Pakistan by categorizing different eye colors. DNA was extracted using organic extraction method. Then amplified using PCR with primers of SNP rs1800401 of OCA2 gene and SNP rs12913832 of HERC2 gene. Primers were designed through primer 3 software. Amplicons were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Samples were sequenced by Sanger sequencing and chromatograms were analyzed by pairwise and multiple alignment tools. We mapped five polymorphic sites in OCA2 gene including SNPs rs1800401 and rs10300271. Polymorphic sites of OCA2 are 89406 C>T, 89401 G>T, 894019 A>T, 89422 A>C and 89435 C>A. Six polymorphic sites of HERC2 also analyzed including SNP rs12913832 at 206678 T>C and other polymorphic sites are 206617delA, 206631delA, 206683 T>A, 206688delA and 206713delA. These polymorphic sites were further analyzed by applying t-test which shows no significant association between retrieved polymorphic sites and eye color except polymorphic site 89422 with genotype A>C in OCA2 gene (novel) and polymorphic site 206678 with genotype T>C in HERC2 gene (already reported) both are associated with non-brown eye color variation in our study. In conclusion, more research to DNA based human appearance prediction is recommended using large sample size as there are more SNPs also involve that would be very useful for identification or investigative leads in forensic future aspects. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2902-T] (1).

13. Sequence Analysis Of Comt Gene As Suceptibility Factor For Aggression In Domestic And Wild Cats

by Maham Nawaz (2011-VA-455) | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Saadat Ali | Dr. Amjad Riaz.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Behavior that is directed to injure living beings and damage their neuroconductual processes without any incitement, represents the aggressive behavior. COMT gene is of much importance in determining violent act in both animal and human.The present study is designed to molecular characterize the gene with following objective: to screen out polymorphism (SNPs) in exonic region of COMT gene in cats and tiger and to associate the identified polymorphism in cats and tiger. Aggression questionnaire was filled by honors of all domestic and wild cats included in our study.Blood sample of 5 Stray cat, 5 Persian cat and 5 Siamese cat and 5 Bengal tigers were collected from Lahore Zoo, UVAS PET Centre, Private Pet Clinics and Safari Zoo Lahore for SNP analysis. DNA were extracted from blood by organic method, 5 sets of primers were designed by primer 3 software for the amplification of the COMT genes. The amplified PCR products were precipitated and sequenced bi-directionally on ABI 3130XL Genetic analyzer, for the identification of SNPs.Alignment of sequences were done with the help of blast2 sequences. For sequence data analysis, Bioedit and Clustal W were used to complete the study.Results of sequencing were analyzed using BioEdit software. Sequence alignment tool like Clustal W was used for SNPs identification. 3 intronic and 1 exonic SNPs were observed and confirmed by Clustal W. Exonic SNP was linked to aggression. However, intronic SNPs were not found to be associated with self-reported aggression. SNP observed in exon 2 is reported to be involved in psychiatric and depressive disorders.Our study highlighted the role of COMTgene polymorphisms in aggression in animals (Cats and tiger). Different breeding Policies and Pet plains are now working and we can screen out the susceptibility of aggression in cats and tiger. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2901-T] (1).

14. Development Of Novel MTDNA Metbarcodes For Species Differentiation Of Class Pisces

by Hira (2010-VA-476) | Dr. Muhammad Imran | Dr. Saadat Ali | Dr. Amjad Riaz.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: The Folmer COI mtDNA universal primers that are considered standard for DNA barcoding of life contain so many mismatches against the target sequences of vertebrate origin that they often end in failure to amplify many of vertebrate DNA extractions. This discrepancy favors for the selection and designing of new metabarcode primers that can be used to identify all individuals of vertebrates or at least all individuals represented in a class of Vertebrata such as Class Pisces. The current study embarks on such an endeavor. In this study development of new mtDNA metabarcode (16SrRNA) that can be used as universal primers to amplify almost all species of Class Aves for different forensic and molecular biodiversity analyses. Fins/tissue samples were collected from Class Pisces (one specimen from every order reported to be present in Pakistan). DNA was extracted from the collected specimens through standard organic method, qualified and quantified and then PCR-amplified using novel universal primers selected from aligned mtDNA sequences originating from all Pisces mitochondrial DNA genomes submitted to different online sequence databases such as NCBI nucleotide database. The sensitivity of PCR also be assessed using a range of DNA concentrations. The amplified products were sequenced on ABI Genetic Analyzer following Sanger’s dideoxy method of sequencing. The correctness of obtained mtDNA sequences were examined visually in Chromas Lite 2.1 software and then alignment of these sequences were performed against highly similar DNA sequences in NCBI nucleotide databases using BLAST in order to identify origin of unknown mtDNA sequences. With the help of sequencing and phylogenetic studies specificity of the universal primer set confirmed and presented as a novel metabarcode (16SrRNA) for species level identification of large number of Piscean species In summary, we present universal method for species classification of Pisces using a targeted parallel sequencing approach. Both sequencing and phylogenetic studies experiments confirm specificity of universal primer set. Although promising results were obtained with current settings, rapid improvement of bench top instruments will further develop method with less hands-on, fewer sequencing errors and lower detection limit. So, in future, this barcode can be used for species identification in various fields of study such as meat adulteration, illegal trade, food mislabeling and molecular estimation of biodiversity. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2899-T] (1).

15. Mutational Analysis Of Atp7b Gene Responsible For Wilson’s Disease And Its Homology Analysis In Primates And Mouse

by Amama Ghaffar (2011-VA-375) | Dr. M. Yasir Zahoor | Prof. Dr. Huma Arshad Cheema | Dr. M. Imran | Dr. Amjad Riaz.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Copper being an essential element to carry out different cellular processes normally is maintained through proper regulation mechanisms to avoid its accumulation in the body. ATP7B gene that codes for ATP dependent P type ATP7B protein controls the regulation of copper in the body. It is required for the proper delivery of copper to apoceruloplasmin and its excretion through bile in the form of feces. Therefore, mutation occurring in the ATP7B gene can cause excessive cellular copper accumulation which results into Wilson’s disease. Variation in ATP7B gene related to copper transportation leads to Wilson’s disease and transmitted in generation through recessive pattern of inheritance. For this study blood samples of fifteen Wilson’s disease affected patients along with normal individuals of the same family were collected from Children's Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore. DNA was extracted from blood through organic extraction method followed by DNA quantification. Amplification of exons 8, 13, 14 and 18 of ATP7B gene was performed after designing specific primers for these specific regions. Sequencing of amplified products was done through dideoxy chain termination method. A disease causing mutation of ATP7B gene c.3155 C>T; p1052 Proline (CCC) to Leucine (CTC) has been mapped on exon 14 in family with Wilson’s disease. This mutation can be used for genetic testing, prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling. No mutation was found in exons 8, 13 and 18 which mean that further study needs to be done to find more local mutation(s) that can be used for fast direct genetic testing of Wilson’s disease patients or the carriers with heterozygotic conditions who can develop this disease at any age of their life. Results 87 MUSCLE and Clustal Omega were used for homology analysis of ATP7B gene nucleotide and protein sequences that revealed Gorilla to be closest to human regarding coding sequences, while Clustal Omega output file showed all the species varied highly in their protein structure homologies. Through the prediction of secondary structure homologies it was seen that marmoset was closest to humans. This study helped in providing prenatal diagnosis and genetic screening services in the country. It has facilitated in selecting animal models for further study and research on ATP7B gene and molecular pathogenesis of the Wilson’s disease leading to prevention and cure of disease. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2892-T] (1).

16. Qualitative And Quantitative Assessment Of Fertile Period In Bitches

by Anam Mushtaq (2009-VA-388) | Dr. Muhammad Zahid Tahir | Dr. Amjad Riaz | Dr. Muhammad Hassan Saleem.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: The estrous cycle of the bitch consists of 4 phases including proestrus, estrus, diestrus and an obligatory anestrus. Most of the owners normally assess the fertile period on the base of qualitative parameters and mate their bitches on predetermined days. This is the major cause of apparent infertility in bitches. The most reliable assessment for timing of mating is through quantitative assessment through vaginal cytology and progesterone assay. The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of qualitative and quantitative assessment of fertile period in bitches. Furthermore, the effect of assessment method was studied on fertility (number of pregnant bitches) and prolificity (number of pups in a litter). This study was conducted on 148 referral cases of bitches brought to Theriogenology Laboratory. The data of qualitative assessment by the owners was collected by a questioner while quantitative assessment was based on vaginal cytology and progesterone assay. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS and logistic regression to compare the fertility (number of pregnancies) and prolificacy (number of pups) among groups. In qualitative group, only 32% bitches were diagnosed pregnant. In contrast, the quantitative group showed a significantly higher fertility (83%) as compared to qualitative group (P<0.05) with odd ratio of 3 times higher fertility. Similarly, in qualitative group, 58% bitches had litter of 1-4 pups while the rest had a litter ranging in 5-10 pups. In contrast, quantitative group showed significantly (P<0.05) higher prolificity with 79% bitches having a litter of 5-10 with 4 times higher odd ratio. Meanwhile, the percentage of bitches having a smaller litter (1-4 pups) was considerably low (21%). In conclusion, the quantitative assessment of fertile period is more accurate and results in significantly higher fertility and prolificity. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2946-T] (1).

17. Effect Of Antibiotic Treatment During Ovulation Synchronization In Repeat Breeder Holstein Friesian Cows

by Masood Shabbir (2010-VA-120) | Dr. Muhammad Zahid Tahir | Dr. Amjad Riaz | Dr. Muhammad Avais.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Repeat breeding is one of the major causes of reproductive, productive and economic losses in dairy sector. The main causes of repeat breeding include sub-clinical infection of reproductive tract, age of the animal, error in the detection of estrus, endocrine dysfunction and nutritional deficiencies. In Pakistan, a very high incidence of repeat breeding has been documented (Kakar et al. 1997). In the past, intrauterine infusions have successfully been used with a variety of antiseptic and antibiotic solutions. Meanwhile, therapeutic use of GnRH and PGF2α has also been demonstrated to result in improved pregnancy rates. In particular, Ovsynch protocol leads to an increase of 6-17% in conception rate. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the reproductive efficiency with antibiotic treatment during ovulation synchronization in repeat breeder Holstein Friesian cows. This study was conducted on 30 pure bred Holstein Friesian cows kept under standard farm conditions of feeding and management at Hussain Cattle and Dairy Farm, Kasur. The reproductive efficiency of treated and control animals was based on ovulation rate, non-return rate, conception rate, pregnancy rate, embryonic losses and luteal function. Results were analyzed by independent T-test. A probability level of 95% was consider as significant (P<0.05). All the experimental animals were screened to confirm non-pregnant and normal genitalia. Both the treatment and control groups were synchronized using ovsynch protocol. Following first injection of GnRH, the treatment group was subjected to intrauterine antibiotic infusion for five days. On Day 7 of protocol both groups received an injection of PGF2α. At day 9 of ovsynch protocol before second injection of GnRH both groups were scanned for ovarian status. Follicles and CL measurement were noted and mapped by using 7.5 MHz trans-rectal probe (Honda 22 Summary Model HS-1600) in both groups and second injection of GnRH was given. Timed artificial insemination was performed after 16-20 hours of second injection of GnRH in both groups. After 8 hours of artificial insemination again ultrasonography was conducted to check the ovulation rate in both groups, there was no significant difference between control and treatment, 60% and 75% of the animals in control and treatment groups ovulate respectively. At day 11 blood samples were collected for progesterone assay. Non-return rate was visually observed at day 18 to 21 of artificial insemination. Blood was collected at day 18 for progesterone assay by puncture of tail vein. After D28 andD42 of artificial insemination first and second pregnancy test were conducted by using 7.5 MHz trans-rectal probe (Honda Model HS-1600) in control and treatment group. There was a significant difference of pregnancy among the control and treatment group by independent T-test. 3 rd and 4 th blood samples were collected for progesterone assay at day28 and 42 of artificial insemination in both groups respectively. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2951-T] (1).



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