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1. Response Of Dietary Yeast Supplementation In Chronic Heat Stressed Broilers On Serum, Liver And Meat Macro- and Mircro-Minerals

by Tasneem Akhtar | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Sehrish.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: drama Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1680,T] (1).

2. Effect Of Lipoic Axid Inclusion In Semen Extender On The Cryopreservation Of Sahiwal Cattle Semen

by Sheeraz Ghani | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: drama Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1725,T] (1).

3. Response Of Cryopreserved Cholistani Bull Semen To Butylated Hydroxytoluene Inclusion In Semen

by Abaid-ur-Rehman Cheema | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmad | Dr. Dawar | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1745,T] (1).

4. Response Of The Dietary Yeast Supplementation In Chronic Heat Stressed Broilers On Serum Biochemical

by Usama Ahmed | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Sehrish.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: drama Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1750,T] (1).

5. Antiangiogenic Activity Of Extracts Of Vinca Rosea (Catharnathus Roseus) Using Cam Assay

by Ijaz Ahmed | Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Syed.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1835,T] (1).

6. Effects Of Supplementation Of Catharanthus Roseus And Probiotic On Hematologica Profile And Immune

by Shumaila Zia | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmad | Dr. Asif Nadeem | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Background: The drugs which are used for curing diabetes caused adverse effects and complications to liver and kidney functions. Besides the side effects of drugs, no drug completely maintained and controlled the complications of diabetes. Due to the undesired side effects and partially compensatory treatments for metabolic disorders demands to formulate latest plant based therapies for the treatment of diabetes. There is also a need to establish the treatment which avoids the use of insulin injection. C. roseus possessed anti-microbial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer antiviral and anti-hyperglycemic activities. The present study will be conducted to evaluate the change in hematological parameters and immunological response by the administration of aqueous extract of C. roseus leaves and probiotic in AIDR. Hypothesis: It was assumed that aqueous extract of C. roseus and probiotic would improve the hematological profile and stimulate the immune response in diabetic rats. Methodology: Twenty adult healthy rats (weighing 164-278g) were selected for experimental study. The rats were housed in clean metallic cages and divided in to four groups A, B, C and D. Five male rats were kept in Group A and B separately. Four female rats were kept in Group B and C separately. All the rats in each group is weighed and labeled. Rats were kept maintained under control environmental conditions of 24±5 ºC with 40-50% humidity, 12 hours light and dark photoperiod. Animals had free access to standard diet and water for the experimental trial of 21 days. Animal were fed with plane diet no. 25 used for rodents. Alloxan was used as a diabetogenic compound in a single dose of 150 mg/kg BW. Rats were fasted for12 hours, allowing only water access prior to the alloxan injection. After the estimation of fasting blood glucose the rats were rendered diabetic by injecting freshly prepared solution of alloxan (dissolving 600mg alloxan/ 4ml physiological saline) according to average body weight of each group which was calculated earlier. After 4 days of alloxan injection blood samples were obtained from tail vein of rat and hyperglycemia was confirmed by measuring fasting blood glucose level with glucometer. Rats with fasting blood glucose level higher than 150 mg/dl were considered as diabetic and used for further studies in present investigation. Blood samples were collected from the rats after 21 days of experimental trial. Rats were anaesthetized with chloroform in glass desiccators and blood sample was obtained through cardiac puncture using hypodermic needle and syringe. Blood samples were collected in EDTA containing vacutanors labeled with groups. 1.0 micro liter blood was separated from each group blood samples for the estimation of hematological parameters. Blood samples were then centrifuged at 3500 x g for 10 minutes to separate serum. Collected serum samples were then stored in labeled eppendrof at -20OC for further serological analysis. Results: In our study the feed intake was not significantly influenced in treatment groups. But the body weights were significantly different in treatment groups as compared to treatment group. In blood biochemical analysis it was revealed that serum total protein level was significantly increased in group B and group C. Whereas serum albumin concentrations were not vary significantly among groups. However serum globulin level showed a trend towards significancy. The hematologic parameters were not affected by C. roseus and probiotic supplementation alone or in combination. The skin response to DNCB challenge also did not show significant results, which indicated that immune response was not varying among groups. Conclusion: It is concluded from the results of present investigation that C. roseus and probiotic alone or in combination improved the body weight abnormality associated with diabetes but did not affect the feed intake. C. roseus was more effective in relation to body weight changes. However, C. roseus and probiotic both significantly increased the serum total protein and albumin level. Furthermore there were no significant effects showed by C. roseus and probiotic on immune response. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1840,T] (1).

7. Effect Of Supplementation Of Xylanase On Visceral Organs, Tibio-Tarsal Index And Antioxidant Status In Broilers

by Rasheed Ahmad | DR. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2164,T] (1).

8. Effect Of Citrullus Colocynthis On Serobiological Parameters In Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

by Farah Javed (2012-VA-398) | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Asim Aslam .

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting almost 25% of the world's population.The pretentious worldwide increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus is posturing a huge health problem in both developed and developing countries. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which is manifested by polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia and is still one of the most leading causes of disability and death. Oral hypoglycemic agent and insulin are common treatment of diabetes but these treatments have prominent side effects. In the recent years the use ofherbal medicines has increased for the treatment of diabetes and fascinated the consideration ofmany researchers all over the world. Citrullus colocynthis is used commonly in different parts of the world for the treatment of a number of diseases including diabetes, jaundice, leprosy, cancer, asthma, bronchitis, joint pain and mastitis. In the present study I evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of roots of Citrullus colocynthis and also the dose dependent anti-diabetic effects of medicine in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Twenty-five adult male rats were divided into five groups; Negative control, Positive control, and 3 groups for different treatment dose of roots of Citrulllus colocynthis (200 mg/kg body weight, BW), Citrulllus colocynthis (300 mg/kg BW) and Citrulllus colocynthis (500 mg/kg BW). Diabetes induction had done in four groups, other than negative control (normal saline injected), by subcutaneous administration of alloxan (120 mg/kg BW). Blood glucose level of rats reached above 250mg/dl considered as hyperglycemic. Treatment was given to all groups excluding control negativefor 21 days. Body weight of rats of all groups was recorded weekly. After completing 21 days of treatment with different doses of roots of Citrullus colocynthis blood samples were collected in fasting condition from rats of each group by cardiac punctureunder general anesthesia. Serum was collected from blood to measure serum glucose level, serum lipid profile, liver function test and renal function test. Result data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Data was analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences was considered significant at P < 0.05. The obtained results showed that roots of Citrullus colocynthis has efficiency to control the diabetes mellitus by reducing serum glucose levels as well as the increasing dose decreased the serum glucose levels. Only 500mg/kg body weight dose is efficient to reduce the muscle wastage due to diabetes in alloxan induce diabetic rats. This dose also works tomaintain the serum ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol and triglycerides, HDL-C LDL-C levels. The data obtained from this study also show the dose dependent anti-diabetic activity of medicine as the dose of 500mg/kg body weight is more effective to control the diabetes as compared to other two doses; 200mg/kg body weight and 300mg/kg body weight. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2297-T] (1).

9. Effects Of Ginkgo Biloba And Panax Ginseng On Metabolism Of Carbohydrate, Lipids And Insulin Receptor Genes In Diabetic Rats

by Mahrukh Naseem (2011-VA-531) | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Diabetes is a major public health issue. As conventional pharmaceutical agents have greater incidences of adverse effects so the interest in the natural remedies has increased greatly in the last few decades. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) and Panax ginseng root extract (PGE) are ancient Chinese herbal drugs that have prominent position in the list of the best-selling natural remedies and are increasingly being used for the treatment of diabetes. The anti-diabetic effect of GBE is attributed to flavonoides while that of PGE is attributed to ginsenosides. In this study, GBE and PGE in combination showed significantly higher anti-diabetic effects than individual extracts in diabetic rats. Adult Wistar rats were allowed to feed on a high fat diet (HFD: 12.7% maize starch, 6.5% dextrose, 3.9% sunflower oil, 31.3% beef tallow and 28.6% casein by weight) for two weeks. The rats were divided into seven groups (08 rats in each group): Non-diabetic control group, Diabetic group, Diabetic + 100 mg/kg G. biloba leaf extract treated group (GBE), Diabetic + 300 mg/kg, P. ginseng root extract treated group (PGE), mixed 1 group : Diabetic + combination of both GBE and PGE at dose of 200 mg/kg/day (50mg/kg/day of GBE and 150mg/kg/day of PGE), mixed 2 group : Diabetic + combination of both GBE and PGE at dose of 400mg/kg/day (100mg/kg/day of GBE and 300mg/kg/day of PGE), mixed 3 group : Diabetic + combination of both GBE and PGE at dose of 600mg/kg/day (150mg/kg/day of GBE and 450mg/kg/day of PGE). At the end of the 14th day, the rats were kept in fasting condition overnight and then a single intra-peritoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (Sigma, USA) dissolved in 0.5 ml of saline solution at a dose of 120-130 mg/Kg body weight was injected in all rats except for the non-diabetic group which were injected with an equal volume of normal Summary 79 saline. Body weight (BW) and blood glucose were measured at week 1 and week 14. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples in fasting/ basal state were collected from heart puncture for the biochemical parameters. Liver, muscles and adipose tissue were also collected for mRNA expression of genes involved in carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Results were expressed as Means ± S.E.M. Statistical analyses was performed using Statview software (SAS Institute Inc., SAS Campus Drive, Cary, NC, USA). Two-ways repeated measure ANOVA followed by PLSD Fisher's test was performed for BW and blood glucose to assess the effects of time and herbal drugs. For the rest of the parameters, one-way ANOVA followed by PLSD Fisher's test was performed to assess the effect of herbal drugs. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. A significant (P < 0.0001) reduction in the BW of the diabetic group was recorded compared to non-diabetic rats and a significant reduction in BW was observed after treatment in all the five treated groups compared to diabetic group. Glycemia was significantly higher in the diabetic rats (P < 0.0001) compared to non-diabetic rats and a significant reduction in the blood glucose level was recorded in all the five treated groups (P < 0.0001) group in comparison to the diabetic group. A significant reduction for fasting serum glucose (FSG) (P < 0.0001) was recorded for all the five treated groups compared to the non-treated diabetic rats. We linked the reduction in hyperglycemia to the mRNA expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism. In particular, we studied the gene expressions of GLUT-4, insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and phosphoenolpyrovate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in liver, muscle and adipose tissue. A significant up-regulation for the mRNA expression of GLUT-4 was observed only in muscle in all the five treated groups, i.e. GBE (P < 0.001), PGE (P < 0.001), mixed 1 (P < 0.0001), mixed 2 (P < 0.0001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001). We found a significant down- Summary 80 regulation in the mRNA expression of IR in muscle (P < 0.0001) and adipose tissue (P < 0.05) in the diabetic group compared to non-diabetic rats, however, a significant up-regulation was found in mixed 3 group in muscle (P < 0.001) and adipose tissue (P < 0.05). We found a significant down-regulation (P < 0.001) for IRS-1 in liver in diabetic state and a significant up-regulation was recorded in GBE (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.05) groups only. We found a significant down-regulation of IRS-1 in muscle (P < 0.0001) and adipose tissues (P < 0.0001) in the diabetic group. None of the treated group showed significant results in muscles however, a significant up-regulation was found only in PGE (P < 0.001) and in the mixed 3 group (P < 0.0001) in adipose tissue. A significant up-regulation was recorded for PEPCK in GBE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.05), mixed 2 (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.05) groups in liver. A significant increase of blood cholesterol was found in rats in the diabetic state (P < 0.0001) and a significant reduction was found only in the mixed 3 (P < 0.001) treated group. A significant decrease was found for VLDL-C in mixed 1 (P < 0.05), mixed 2 (P < 0.0001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups. A significant decreased was observed for LDL-C in mixed 1, mixed 2 and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups which previously found to be enhanced in diabetic condition. In case of HDL-c a significant decreased was found for GBE (P < 0.001), PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.001), mixed 2 (P < 0.0001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) which was previously found to be increased in the diabetic group (P < 0.0001). Conversely, a significant increase was seen for TG (P < 0.0001) in the diabetic state and a significant reduction was found in all the five treated groups (P < 0.0001). We further studied genes involved in lipid metabolism. A significant up-regulation was found for SREBP-1c in diabetic group (P < 0.0001) and a significant down-regulation was found to occur in mixed 2 (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.001) treated groups compared to untreated diabetic rats. In the liver, a significant up-regulation Summary 81 in the mRNA expression of FAS was found only in mixed 2 (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.05) treated groups which found to be down regulated in the untreated diabetic group (P < 0.001). A significant down-regulation in the mRNA expression of PPAR-α was found in diabetic rats skeletal muscle (P < 0.05), however, a significant up-regulation was found in GBE (P < 0.001), PGE (P < 0.05) mixed 1 (P < 0.001), mixed 2 (P < 0.001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.001) treatment groups in comparison to diabetic rats. We studied PPAR-γ in adipose tissue and found a significant up-regulation in PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.001), mixed 2 (P < 0.001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups which had previously been found to be down regulated (P < 0.001) in diabetic rats compared to non-diabetic rats. We found that the body of the diabetic rats suffer with oxidative stress and measured a significant decrease for CAT (P < 0.0001) in diabetic group and significant increase was found in GBE (P < 0.05), PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.05), mixed 2 (P < 0.05), mixed 3(P < 0.05) groups compared to diabetic rats. Whereas, a significant decreased was recorded for MDA in GBE (P < 0.05), PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.001), mixed 2 (P < 0.001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups, which previously showed a significant increased (P < 0.001) in diabetic group compared to non-diabetic. We linked oxidative stress with TNF- α and found a significant up-regulation (P < 0.0001) for all the three studied organs in diabetic groups compared to the non-diabetic group. In case of liver a significant down-regulation was found for GBE (P < 0.0001), PGE (P < 0.0001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups compared to untreated diabetic rats. A significant down-regulation in the expression of TNF- α in muscle was recorded only in the mixed 2 (P < 0.001) and mixed 3 (P < 0.0001) groups compared to diabetic rats. However, a significant down-regulation in the expression of TNF- α in adipose tissue was observed for all the treated groups (P < 0.0001 for all groups) in comparason to the diabetic group. Summary 82 For serum creatinine a significant enhancement was observed for PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 1 (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.05) groups which were previously found to be reduced in diabetic rats. A significant increase for AST was found in diabetes (P < 0.0001) compared to non-diabetic rats, while a significant reduction was found to occur only for PGE (P < 0.05), mixed 2 (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.001) treated groups in comparison to the untreated diabetic group. Like AST a significant reduction was recorded for ALT in the diabetic group (P < 0.001) and only GBE (P < 0.001), PGE (P < 0.05) and mixed 3 (P < 0.05) showed a significant decreased in ALT level compared to untreated diabetic rats. In conclusion, we found that both GBE and PGE have strong individual anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyper-triglyceridemic and anti-oxidative effects in an alloxan monohydrate induced rat model of diabetes. Both also showed strong influence on the activation on the expression of genes involved in the metabolic pathways of glucose and lipid which previously became dysfunctional in diabetic rats. When both these natural remedies were given in combination, synergistic effects were recorded in a dose dependent manner. Further work is needed to evaluate the way by which human beings suffering from diabetes are safely treated with these herbal remedies. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2260-T] (1).

10. Effect Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles On Serum Lipid Profile And Liver Function Test In Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

by Sidra Batool (2013-VA-592) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb .

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Diabetes mellitus is most common disorder affecting almost 25% of the world's population. Many researchers reported the role of metals in glucose metabolism and their defficiency cause the diabetes. Zn is found in all cells of body and play role to maintain blood sugar level and in the synthesis, storage, and secretion of insulin. Zn supplementation shows protective effect on total lipid, cholesterol, HDL and atherogenic index. Nanotechnology affects on the all parts of human life, animal, environment, and industrial life. In the present study I evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of ZnONPs and also the dose dependent anti-diabetic effects of medicine in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Twenty five adult male rats were divided into five groups; Negative control, Positive control, and 3 groups for different treatment dose of ZnONPs (15 mg/kg BW), ZnONPs (25mg/kg BW) and ZnONPs (50 mg/kg BW). Diabetes induction had done in four groups, other than negative control, by subcutaneous administration of alloxan (120 mg/kg BW). Treatment was given to groups for 21 days. BW was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected from animals of each group on 21 days after induction of diabetes by cardiac puncture to measure serum glucose level, serum lipid profile and liver function test. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Data was analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Differences was considered significant at P < 0.05. The obtained results showed that ZnONPs has efficiency to control the diabetes mellitus by reducing blood glucose levels as well as the increasing dose decreased the serum glucose level. Only ZnONPs 50mg/kg BW dose is efficient to reduce the muscle wastage due to diabetes in alloxan induce diabetic rats. This dose also works to maintain the serum ALT, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C levels. But this dose is not effective for body weight, AST, ALP, VLDL-C, cholesterol and AI. The data obtained from this study also showed the dose dependent anti-diabetic activity of medicine as the dose of 50mg/kg BW is more effective to control the diabetes as compared to other two doses; 15mg/kg BW and 25mg/kg BW. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2402-T] (1).

11. Caudal Epidural Analgesia With Bupivacaine, Medetomidine Alone And In Combination In Dogs

by Usman Rashid (2013-VA-843) | Dr. Hamid Akbar | Prof. Dr. M.Arif Khan | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2105Dissertation note: Epidural analgesia is very old technique used for many regional surgeries in humans as well as in animals. It is very wonderful technique used for regional surgeries and is helpful for intraoperative management of high risk patients, perioperative analgesia, cesarean section, and forelimb amputation and have certain advantages over general anesthesia, include safety and low cost, reduces the use amount for anesthetics drug, and long-acting drugs, are helpful in residual analgesia for up to 24 hours. Bupivacaine Hydrochloride is amino-amine long acting local anesthetic. As compared to the lidocaine, it is four times more potent, and can show anesthetic effects up to 3-8 hours. It has high potency, prolong duration, and less degree of motor blockade effects with minimal neuro and cardio toxicity effects. Medetomidine hydrochloride is the most potent alpha-2 adrenoceptor selective agonist. It is a racemic mixture of two optical enantiomers which are, dexmedetomidine and levomedetomidine. When alpha-2 agonists administered epidurally they produce analgesia by stimulating alpha-2 adrenergic receptors present in dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and show antinociceptive properties due to their interaction with noradrenergic receptors of the spinal cord. The current project is designed to compare the analgesic and hematological efficacy of the Bupivacaine, Medetomidine alone and in combination as epidural analgesia in dogs. For this purpose 18 clinically healthy mongrel dogs weighing 12-15kg were selected. They were divided into three groups with each group contained six dogs (n=6). The groups were named as A, B and C respectively. Summary 44 In group A Bupivacaine HCl, at dose rate of 0.5mg/kg body weight Injected Epidurally, in group B Medetomidine HCl, at dose rate of 0.015mg/kg body weight while in group C combination of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride + Medetomidine Hydrochloride Injected Epidurally. Time to the onset, duration, ataxia, and the anatomic extent of the analgesia were recorded. Time from injection to loss of sensation was considered as onset of the analgesia. The presence of the analgesia was taken as lack of responses to “pin pricking” and by applying hemostat pressure. Positive responses to needle prick or hemostat pressure shows the presence and anatomic extent of analgesia. The tests were repeated after every 20 minutes until animals regain sensation. Ataxia was graded as 0=none, 1= mild, 2= moderate or 3= severe. Blood sample were collected directly from the Cephalic vein before and after administration of anesthetic drug. A total of 3 mL blood was collected each time in test tubes containing blood coagulating gel. First sample were taken before anesthetic drug administration and second sample were collected after 60 minutes for evaluation of Liver Function Test. Results of the present study proved that, minimum time to analgesic onset were shown by group C dogs, followed by group A and group B dogs. Maximum analgesic time duration was shown by group C dogs, followed by group B and group A dogs. After 20 minutes of drug administration ataxic response were same in group A and group C dogs, as 5 out of 6 dogs had sever ataxia. At 20 and 40 minutes after administration of drug, dogs of group A and group C showed maximum spread of analgesia as compare to group B dogs, at 60 minutes post drug administration, dogs of group, A, B and C showed maximum spread of analgesia. Liver function test were evaluated by three enzymes, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP). Blood samples were collected before and after 60 minutes of drug administration. First these tests were evaluated within Summary 45 each group. ALP, AST and ALP values were non-significant in alone administration of Bupivacaine HCl and Medetomidine HCl, while significant rise in ALP value were observed in group C dogs, treated with Bupivacaine HCl in combination with Medetomidine HCl. When ALT, AST, and ALP were compared among all three treatments, their results were non-significant as with minor change in P-value in post 60 minutes of anesthetic drug administration, which showed that all three treatments are independent and did not effect these parameters. Elective and emergency surgeries of hind limbs are very common in dogs, which demand appropriate, best, and safest regional anesthesia, with minimum and prolong duration of analgesic time. Maximum, uniform, and rapid spread of analgesia and having least effects on serological parameters of the animal. Present study suggested that epidural administration of Bupivacaine HCl in combination with Medetomidine HCl proved to be the safest anesthesia by showing rapid onset, prolong duration of analgesia time, early recumbency of animal, with maximum anatomic extent of analgesia in short duration time. Combination of Bupivacaine HCl and Medetomidine HCl showed least effects on serological parameters of dogs. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2434-T] (1).

12. Effect Of Phytase And Probiotic Supplementation On The Morphology Of Tibia Bone And Pectoralis Muscle In Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)

by Asad Hannan (2014-VA-02) | Dr. Saima Masood) | Dr. Hafsa Zaned | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: The uniform provision of protein to the growing human population demands development of alternative resources for meat production. Among others, the quail farming presents graceful enterprise because of its better meat quality with greater profit margin. The faster growth rate, lower generation interval and greater resistance to disease is called the quail as righteous source for meat stuff. The domesticated Japanese quail can lay up to 300 eggs a year. Quail is acknowledged for its relatively low price, the typically convenient portions and no religious restrictions over its consumption. Bone and muscle are the organs that provide the structural support to birds and serve as a source of minerals and protein. Leg bone deformities and low growth cause economic losses. Phytase and probiotics as a growth promoter in the feed have beneficial effect on performance, bone and muscle health of Japanese quail. Two hundred day old quail chicks were arranged and kept at experimental shed, ART center, UVAS, Lahore. The shed was fumigated with KMnO4 and 10% Formalin before chick’s arrival. The birds were weighed and randomly divided into four groups (I, II, III, IV) and each group contained 50 birds with five replicates (n=10). The experimental design was a complete randomized design (CRD). Birds were fed starter and finisher commercial corn-based basal diet (BD) supplemented with probiotic (Bacillus cereus) and microbial phytase with ad-libitum access to fresh water for 28 days. Group- I was served as control and fed only basal diet, Group-II was given BD + 0.01% microbial phytase. Group-III was given BD + 0.1% probiotic (Bacillus cereus), Group IV was given BD + 0.01% microbial phytase + 0.1% probiotic (Bacillus cereus). On day 28, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered by cutting the carotid arteries with subsequent exsanguination. The left and right tibia of each quail were detached as drumstick. The drumsticks were labelled and boiled in water at 1000C for ten minutes and then drumsticks were cooled at room temperature. Flesh on Summary 36 drumsticks were removed and then for 24 hours, bones were air dried at room temperature. Concerning with histology of a muscles, pectoralis muscle segments were fixed in neutral buffered formalin (10%) soon after slaughtering. Tissues were dehydrated by transferring through a series of alcohol with increasing concentrations, placed into xylene and samples were prepared and processed through paraffin embedding technique. After this time period the paraffin blocks were cut at 5 μm thickness and then stained by standard Haematoxylin and Eosin procedure. All slides were examined under light microscope supplied with camera and connected with a computer. For Histomorphometry, a commercial program was used. Different parameters which were studied include body weight gain, weight and length of tibia bone, outside diameter, medullary canal diameter, wall thickness, weight/length index, bone ash contents, pH and water holding capacity of pectoralis muscles, fiber diameter, fiber cross sectional area, fascicle diameter, fascicle cross sectional area, number of muscle fiber per unit area and number of muscle fascicle per unit area. Results showed that body weight was increased in those groups supplemented with probiotic and phytase. Weight and length of tibia bone, bone ash contents of Japanese quail supplemented with probiotic (Bacillus cereus), Phytase and in combination had significant values than that of control group. There was no significant difference among the groups regarding pH and water holding capacity observed. Fiber diameter, fiber cross sectional area, fascicle diameter, fascicle cross sectional area, number of muscle fiber per unit area and number of muscle fascicle per unit area of pectoralis muscle of Japanese quail had significant differences than that of control group. It is concluded that probiotic (Bacillus cereus), Phytase and their combination improve the body weight, morphometric characters of bone and muscles in Japanese quail. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2463-T] (1).

13. Effect Of Probiotic And Phytase On Histomorphometry Of Small Intestine And Cecal Tonsils In Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)

by Saman Alam (2014-VA-495) | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Hafsa Zainab | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: The morphology of small intestine is known to be altered by its nutritional condition. Intestinal bacteria play a significant role in the nutritional and protective functions of the host. The immunodefence mechanism of the cecal tonsil regulates the proliferation of microflora in the caecum. Probiotic and phytase as a growth promoter in the feed have a beneficial effect on histomorphometry of small intestine and cecal tonsils in Japanese quail. Bacillus cereus and bacterial phytase may show positive effect on histomorphometric characteristics of small intestine and cecal tonsils in Japanese quail. 200-day old quail chicks were separated into four groups (n=5) with five replicates (n=10). Group-I was kept as control and fed with basal diet, Group-II was fed with BD + 0.1% Bacillus cereus. Group-III was fed with BD+ 0.01% bacterial phytase, Group IV was given BD+ 0.01% phytase + 0.1% probiotic. On 28th day, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered. The small intestine segments (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), cecal tonsils were removed. Specimens of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecal tonsils were washed with normal saline and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Small intestine segments and cecal tonsils were processed by H & E stain. Goblet cell was stained & count with Alcian blue-periodic Acid-Schiff. Slides were observed under light microscope provided with camera and linked with a computer for Histomorphometry. Data thus collected was analyzed by ANOVA technique using SPSS. The means was further compared using Post Hoc test at P<0.05. Weight of liver was significantly increased in probiotic group in comparison to control group. The combination of probiotic and phytase supplemented group showed increase in liver weight. Summary 40 Weight of spleen was not affected with supplementation of probiotic and phytase individually and in combination. The weight of small intestine showed positive effect in combination group as compared to control and other treatment groups. The length of small intestine was increased in probiotic group as compared to other treatment groups and control. No significant result was observed in all experimental groups as compared to control group. In duodenum villus height and villus height: crypt depth and muscularis externa was increased in probiotic group in comparison to other experimental groups and control group. Intraepithelial lymphocytes were increased in duodenum in combination group as compared to treatment groups and control. No significant increase in villus width, muscularis mucosae and villus surface area in duodenum. In jejunum villus height and muscularis externa was increased in probiotic group in comparison to other treatment groups and control group. No significant differences were observed in villus width, crypt depth, surface area and muscularis mucosa in between the groups. In ilium villus height, muscularis mucosa thickness and muscularis externa thickness was enhanced in probiotic group as compared to other treated groups. In phytase supplemented group the villus width and intra epithelial lymphocytes were increased as compared to control and other treated groups. In cecal tonsils height and width of lymphatic nodules was enhanced in combination group in comparison to control and other treatment groups. Dietary supplementation of probiotic and phytase may be useful in enhancing intestinal microarchitecture and immunomodulatory effect in Japanese quail. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2704-T] (1).

14. Evaluation Of Multiple Heated Oil Consumption On Liver And Kidney Health In Male And Female Rats

by Sehar Ashraf (2014-VA-528) | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Saima Masood.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Reuse of oil during food making is practiced worldwide. This practice is established not only by roadside food stalls but also customary to food outlets, restaurants and hotels in big cities. The process of heating and reheating of dietary oil results in oxidation of oil and generation of free radicals and toxic compounds. These toxic compounds cause red patches and necrosis in liver and kidney, antioxidants decreases also. The consumption of multiple heated oil may affect liver and kidney health in male and female rats. Eighteen male and eighteen female Wistar rats were taken and divided into groups. Group-I (negative control) fed chow diet and sub-divided into two groups, based upon gender, IA (negative control males) and IB (negative control females). Group-II was given chow diet mixed with 15% v/w single time heated oil and sub-divided into two groups based on gender i.e., IIA and IIB. Animals in sub-groups IIIA and IIIB were fed on chow diet mixed with 15% v/w multiple heated oil. Blood samples were collected at the end of four weeks of study. Hepatic (AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin) and renal (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid) functions, oxidants and antioxidants (in blood and (liver, kidney) tissues) parameters were studied. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA on SPSS. Differences between the groups were compared by the Tukey’s test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Upon feeding of fried oil liver and kidney damage occurred due to oxidation of oil. But in our present study single time and multiple time heated oil consumption did not damage liver and kidney. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and liver catalase significantly higher values in oil feeding groups confirm that chow diet was energy deficient whereas oil supplementation enhance diet energy. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2723-T] (1).

15. Effects Of Probiotic And Phytase Supplemention On serum Proteins Liver Enzymes And Thyroid Hormones Level In Japanese Quails

by Chanda Naseem (2015-VA-413) | Dr. Sajid Khan Tahir | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Miss. Amina Chughtai.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Cd Crupt Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2781-T] (1).

16. Effects Of Dietary Supplementation Of Drumstick Tree Leaf Powder On Anthropometric Parameters, Serum Lipid Profile And Thyroid Function Hormones In Rats Exposed To Thermal Stress

by Raja Majid Masoud (2015-VA-433) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Saima Masood.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Introduction: There are a number of stressors which adversely affects the normal homeostasis of the body. One of them is thermal stress which has marked damaging effect on the normal physiology of an individual. Drumstick tree is a versatile plant from Moringaceae family. Drumstick tree is a best food plant but it also has a large potential as a medicinal plant . Due to rich source of flavonoids, β-carotenes, vitamin A & D, DST is known as a best natural antioxidant. The leaves of Drumstick tree contain phenolic compounds, which have hypocholesterolemic and hypolipodemic properties. It also possess cardio protective, hepatoprotective and renal protective activities due to its rich anti-oxidant potential. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that Drumstick tree leaf powder supplementation will ameliorate the growth performance, serum lipid profile and thyroid function in rats exposed to thermal stress Methodology: Adult female Wistar rats (n= 24) were procured and housed in stainless steel cages in the experimental animal shed of department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-Pakistan. After acclimatization, rats were divided in to four groups (One control and 3 DSTLP treated groups). Rats were exposed to high environmental temperature(37±1°C) for one hour daily(12.00 Pm-1.00 Pm) throughout the experimental period of 21 days for the induction of heat stress(Sinha. 2007). Anti-stress properties of Drumstick tree leaf powder were examined by measuring biochemical parameters, i.e. anthropometry, serum lipid profile, thyroid function hormones, serum cortisol, total protein, albumin and globulin (Ohkawa et al. 1979). Analysis of all these parameters was carried out by using commercially available kits provided by Human Diagnostics, Germany. Summary 37 Results: Results from the present study revealed that Drumstick tree leaf powder supplementation during thermal stress has a significant effect (P<0.05) on serum lipid profile, total protein, albumin globulin, thyroid function hormones (T3 & T4) and cortisol. On the other hand, Drumstick tree leaf powder demonstrated a non-significant effect (P>0.05) on anthropometric parameters. Statistical analysis: The data was analyzed by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS software. The group differences were compared by the Tukey’s Test. Differences was considered significant at P < 0.05. Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that Drumstick tree leaf powder (MOLP) has a potent antioxidant potential by lowering cholesterol, TG and LDL-cholesterol with marked ameliorative effect on TP, albumin and globulin in heat stressed rats. Further studies are required to explore the potential of other portions of this plant in heat stress. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2799-T] (1).



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