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1. Effects Of Substitution Of Fish Meal With Soybean Oil Meal On The Performance Of Broiler Chicks

by Khurshid Ahmad | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Ehtisham | Dr. Javed Ahmed Qureshi.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present study was under taken to investigate the effects of substitution of fish meal which is comparatively costly protein supplement with the soybean oil meal on the performance of Broiler chicks. One hundred and eighty day old (Male and Female) hubbard chicks were purchased from local market and were reared on four experimental rations A, B, C, & D upto fifty days of age. The starter rations were fed upto 28 days of age and the finisher rations were fed from 29th to 50 days of age. Results revealed non-significant difference among weight gain and feed consumption of chicks fed on different experimental rations. Apparently better feed utilization was noticed by the chicks fed on ration C (8 percent soybean oil meal and 4 percent fish meal. Statistically non significant difference were observed in the feed efficiency value of chicks fed on different experimental rations. The present result revealed that chicks fed on ration C (8% soybean oil meal and 4% fish meal) apparently showed increased growth of broiler chicks, required less amount of feed per unit weight gain and were economical as compared to birds fed on other experimental rations. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0362,T] (1).

2. Effect Of Substitution Of Fish Meal With Cotton Seed Meal On Performence Of Broiler Chicks

by Umer Malik, M | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr M. Javed Qurshi | Dr. M. Aslam.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: The present study was under taken to investigate the effect of substitution of fish meal which is comparatively costly protein supplement with cheaper cotton seed meal on performance of broiler chicks. As one hundred and eighty Star Bro day old broiler chicks were reared on five experimental rations upto 50 day of age. The control ration contained 12 % fish meal (100 %) which was replaced by the cotton seed meal at 0, 4.17, 7.39, 11.03 and 14.72 % level (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% on Protein equivalent basis). The starter rations were fed upto 28 days of age and finisher rations were fed upto 50th day. Results revealed however non significant difference among weight gain of chicks fed on different experimental starter rations. But significant differences among weight gain of chicks fed on finisher rations were noticed. The chicks fed on rations containing 100%,75%, 50% and 25% fish meal were heavier as compared to those chicks fed on rations in which fish meal was replaced by cotton seed meal on protein equivalent basis. Non significant differences in total weight gain were noticed amongst chicks fed on different experimental rations. highly significantly more feed was consumed by the chicks fed on starter and finisher rations containing 100%, 75%, and 50% fish meal as compared to those chicks fed on other experimental rations. Apparently better feed utilization in chicks were noticed by addition of cotton seed meal at different levels i.e 4.17, 7.39 and 11.03 % in the starter and finisher rations. However non significant differences among the feed efficiency values were observed in chicks fed on various experimental rations. However dressing % of all the birds fed on different rations was found non significant. Present study indicated that addition of cotton seed meal did not significantly effect the growth rate, however, slightly decreased growth rate was observed with progressive increase of cotton seed meal in the ration. Feed efficiency was comparable with that of fish meal. Results also indicated that ration containing cotton seed meal were comparatively cheaper and cost per Kg of live weight was decreased. Therefore, net profit per chick was greater. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0394,T] (1).

3. Influence Of Varying Levels Of Proten & Energy On The Performance Of Broiler Chicks

by Safiq ur Rehman | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Ehtisham | Dr. Jawad Ahmad Qureshi.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: A study was undertaken to investigate the influence of varying levels of protein and energy on the performance of broiler chicks. The performance of chicks were studied under the heading of weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, dressing percentage, organs weight, abdominal fat and economics. Nine experimental rations containing metabolizable energy 2600, 2900 and 3200 Kcal ME/kg with 18, 20 and 22% crude protein were tried on two hundred and seventy day old broiler chicks of both sexes for the period of 50 days. The results showed that the ration containing 20% C.P. and 2600 KCal ME/kg were best in promoting weight gain, feed utilization and were economical as compared to other experimental rations. Different energy-protein levels did not influenced the dressing percentage and organs weight, but the diet containing high energy resulted significantly more deposition of the abdominal fat. It was concluded that low energy and high protein combination in poultry feed formulation improved the growth rate, feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio and could be economical as compared to the high energy and high protein ration. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0395,T] (1).

4. Studies On The Use Of Brewer'S Dried Yeast (Saccharomyces Yeast) As Vegetable Protein Source In Broiler

by Zahid Hussain | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Jawad Ahmad Qureshi | Dr. M. Aslam.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: As about 60% of the total cost of poultry production incurs on feed, therefore, it is the major component, which mostly affects the economical poultry production. Unfortunately the poultry industry of Pakistan is mainly affected by substandard poultry feeding, which is due to limited availability of quality feed resources particularly protein sources. The incorporation of various non- conventional vegetable protein sources in poultry feed, if properly added have given satisfactory results. Keeping in view a study was conducted to determine the nutritional value of Brewer's dried yeast replacing sesame meal on growth rate and feed utilization of broiler chicks. Two hundreds and ten day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into seven groups of 30 birds each so as to have three replicate per group, each having ten chicks. The chicks were fed on seven different experimental rations A to G containing Brewer's dried yeast at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% of the ration respectively replacing sesame meal. The results indicated that average weight gain of the chicks fed experimental ration A to G was 1203, 1175, 1175, 1166, 1138, 1127 and 1096 grams respectively. There was a proportionate depression in weight gain as the level of Brewer's dried yeast was increased. The proportionate depression in weight gain with increasing level of Brewer's dried yeast replacing sesame meal could be attributed to poor quality amino acid profile or biological value of the yeast as compared with sesame meal. It could also be attributed to certain anti-nutritional factors or high amounts of nucleic acids of yeast. The feed consumption of the chicks fed experimental ration A to G was 2516, 2484, 2526, 2502, 2436, 2501 and 2469 grams respectively. The chicks fed ration C consumed greater amount of feed, while the chicks fed ration E had the poor feed consumption. The feed consumption showed no proper pattern as was observed in case of weight gain and there was non-significant difference in feed consumption of different groups of chicks The feed conversion ratio of the chicks fed experimental rations A to C was 2.06, 2.11, 2.15, 2.15, 2.14, 2.15 and 2.15 respectively. The results indicated that the chicks fed ration A had the best feed conversion ratio of 2.06 and the feed conversion ratio was adversely affected on account of incorporation of Brewer's dried yeast. The dressed weight of the chicks fed ration A to 0 was 612, 600, 599, 593, 577, 577 and 555 grams respectively. The dressed weight showed the same trend as was observed in weight gain. The dressing percentage was 50.9, 50.1, 50.4, 51.30, 50.80, 51.20 and 50.60 percent respectively and there was hon-significant difference among difference groups. Similarly the weight of internal organs of the chicks per 100 grams of dressed weight i.e. Liver, Spleen, Pancreas, Heart and Gizzard showed non-significant difference among different groups. The economics of incorporation of Brewer's dried yeast revealed that the replacement of sesame meal with Brewer's dried yeast was economically viable. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0417,T] (1).

5. Effect Of Various Dietary Antibiotics On The Performance On Broiler Chicks

by Ishaque, M | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Ashfaq | Mr. Shahid Abbas.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: A research study was conducted to find out the effect of virginiamycin, oxytetracycline and Furazolidone as a growth promoter in broiler rations. Two hundred and forty day old broiler chicks were divided into four groups of 60 chicks each. Each group was further subdivided into three replicates of 20 chicks each. Two experimental rations (starter and finisher) were prepared and fed to experimental chicks upto 50 days of age. Virginiamycine, oxytetracycline and Furazolidone were mixed to experimental rations at the level of 10 mg/kg feed. The effects of these additives on weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, mortality, weights of internal organs and residual effect on meat were recorded. Feed and water were given libitum. Continuous light was provided for 24 hours. The results revealed non-significant differences among weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the chicks fed on starter ration. However the results obtained from 29-50 days showed significant difference (P <0.05) in weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency. The best weight gain was obtained with oxytetracycline supplementation followed by virginiamycine, furazolidone and the controlled group. Maximum feed was consumed by the birds fed on control ration. The best feed efficiency was noticed with birds fed on ration supplemented with oxytetracycline. The results obtained from 0-50 days showed highly significant difference (P < 0.01) in weight gaiu of the birds. Feed consumption and feed efficiency also showed significant difference (P<0.05). The maximum weight gain was noticed with birds fed on oxytetracycline supplementation followed by virginiamycine and furazolidone supplementation, while the least weight gain was shown by the birds fed on control ration. Maximum feed was consumed by the birds fed on control ration and the least feed consumption was observed with birds fed on oxytetracycline supplementation followed by virginiamycine and furazolidone. The poor feed efficiency was observed with the birds fed on control ration. Dressing percentage and weight of internal organs showed statistically non-significant. The residual effect of antibiotics was not found in the chicken meat. From the present study it was concluded that the addition of antibiotics in the broiler rations proved economical as compared to control. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0456,T] (1).

6. Influence Of Varying Levels Of Energy With Constant Levels Of Protein On The Performance Of Japanese Quails

by Shahid Siddique | Dr.Nisar Ahmad | Dr.Javed Ahmad Qureshi | Dr.Muhammad.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: Present experiment was conducted to study the influence of varying level of energy with constant level of protein on the performance of Japanese quail. For this purpose 300 day old Japanese quail were reared upto 42 days. Quails were randomly divided into five groups, each group was further subdivided into three replicates of 20 quails each . Starter rations Al, Bi, Cl, Dl and El were given to each group for first 21 days and from 22 - 42 days finisher rations A2, B2, C2, D2 and E2 were given. Starter rations contained 24.5% protein and 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 and 3200 Kcal/Kg Metabolizable Energy respectively. Finisher rations contained 19.5% protein and 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 and 3200 Kcal/Kg Metabolizable Energy respectively. On starter rations quail chicks gained weight 66.77, 63.54, 69.28, 62.36 and 61.50 grams respectively. The highest weight gain of 69.28 grams was obtained with chicks fed on ration Cl containing Metabolizable Energy 3000 Kcal/Kg with calorie-protein ratio 122. Feed consumed by the quail chicks was 133.73, 128.38, 126.71, 122.60 and 119.50 grams respectively. Chicks fed on ration Al consumed maximum feed having 2800 Kcal/Kg Metabolizable Energy, while minimum feed consumption was on ration El having 3200 Kcal/Kg Metabolizable Energy. The average feed efficiency was 2.00, 2.02, 1.82, 1.96 and 1.94 respectively. The chicks fed on ration C1 containing Metabolizable Energy of 3000 Kcal/Kg with calorie-protein ratio 122 was more efficient in feed utilization. On finisher rations A2, B2, C2, D2 and/ E2 weight gained was 67.62, 72.03, 74.25, 70.46 and 68.05 grams respectively. The highest weight gain 74.25 grams was obtained with chicks, fed on ration C2 containing Metabolizable Energy 3000 KcaI/Kg with calorie-protein ratio 153. Feed consumed by quail chicks on finisher rations was 311.33, 293.93, 299.9, 287.4 and 276.17 grams. Highest amount o feed i.e. 311.33 grams was consumed by chicks fed on ration A2 having Metabolizable Energy 2800 Kcal/Kg , while the lowest amount of feed consumed by quail chicks on ration E2 containing Metabolizable Energy 3200 Kcal/Kg. Similarly the feed conversion ratio was 4.60, 4.08, 4.04, 4.07 and 4.05 to the quail chicks fed on finisher rations. The chicks fed on ration C2 containing Metabolizable Energy 3000 Kcal/Kg with calorie-protein ratio 153 was more efficient in feed utilization. The results indicated that ration containing Metabolizable Energy 3000 Kcal/Kg with calorie-protein ratio 122 in starter rations and ration containing Metabolizable Energy 3000 KcalIKg with calorie-protein ratio 153 in finisher ration were economical, showed better weight gain and comparatively more efficient in feed utilization in quail chicks. It was observed that the rate of weight gain was decreased when energy levels were increased or decreased from 3000 Kcal/Kg in starter and finisher rations respectively. It was noticed that as the level of energy with constant level of protein in ration increased, the feed consumption was decreased. Feed efficiency was poor at high and low energy rations with constant level of protein. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0672,T] (1).

7. Study On The Comparative Efficacy Of Phenothiazine, Levamisole And Ivermetin Against Gastro Intestinal Nematodes In Horses

by Ashfaq Ullah Hashmi | Dr . Nisar Ahmad | Dr . Kamran Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: The study was undertaken to find out the comparative efficacy of Phenothiazine, levamisole and Ivermectin against GIT nematodes in horses at Lahore. For the purpose one hundred horses irrespective 'of age, breed and sex were exam for the presence of various species of gastro-intestinal nematodes in horses. The coprological examination showed a positive percentage of 64% while 36 cases (36%) were found to be negative. The positive cases had mixed infestation of large and small strongyIids, Parascaris equorum and Oxyuris equi species. Forty naturally infested horses divided in four groups (A, B, C and D), were selected for the drug trial. The drugs used were Phenothiazine @ 55 mg/kg body weight, levamisole @ 7.5 mg/kg body weight (1 mI/2 kg b.w) Ivermectin @ 0.2 mg/kg body weight to the groups A, B, C and D, while the animals of group D acted as non-medicated control. The mean EPG count was carried out pre-medication and post medication of the said anthelmintics. Based upon EPG count, conducted on 3rd, 7th and 14th day for each anthelmintic; it was revealed that the mean EPG count of group A (Phenothiazine) showed 62.99, 82.67 and 95.27% reduction in ova output while the animals of group D (medicated with levamisole exhibited 53, 82 and 93% reduction in the said equines). The group C (medicated with Ivermectin showed reduction ofEPG as 79.83,95.16 and 100% on 3rd, 7th and 14th day post medication). From the results of this study it is concluded that Ivermectin was the most effective as compared to Phenothiazine and levamisole. Therefore, it is stressed that Ivermectin should be used in equines for the effective control of gastro intestinal nematodes. The drug is quite safe and without any adverse effects on these animals. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0682,T] (1).

8. Influence Of Varying Levels Of Protein & Energy On The Performance Of Broiler Chicks

by Shafiq-ur-Rehman | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Ehtisham | Dr. Jawad Ahmad Qureshi.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: A study was undertaken to investigate the influence of varying levels of protein and energy on the performance of broiler chicks. The performance of chicks were studied under the heading of weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, dressing percentage, organs weight, abdominal fat and economics. Nine experimental rations containing metabolizable energy 2600, 2900 and 3200 Kcal ME/kg with 18, 20 and 22% crude protein were tried on two hundred and seventy day old broiler chicks of both sexes for the period of 50 days. The results showed that the ration containing 20% C.P. and 2600 KCa1 ME/kg were best in promoting weight gain, feed utilization and were economical as compared to other experimental rations. Different energy-protein levels did not influenced the dressing percentage and organs weight, but the diet containing high energy resulted siginificantly more deposition of the abdominal fat. It was concluded that low energy and high protein combination in poultry feed formulation improved the growth rate, feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio and could be economical as compared to the high energy and high protein ration. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0749,T] (1).

9. Prevalence Of Toxocariasis In Dogs And Its Treatment With Nigella Sativa Saussurea Lappa And Ivermectin

by Adnan Mushtaq | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0773,T] (1).

10. Effect Of Different Dietary Energy & Perfomance Of Broiler Chicks

by Muhammad Azam Chaudhri | Dr Nisar Ahmad | Dr Muhammad Yaqoob Malik | Mr Muhammad.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: A research project was undertaken to study the effect of different dietary energy and protein ratios on the performance of broiler chicks. The performance of chicks were studied under the headings of weight gain, feed efficiency, feed consumption, dressing percentage and economics. Four starter rations containing calorie protein ratios of 167, 149, 136 and 123 and four finisher rations containing calorie protein ratios of 199, 178, 159 and 145 were tried on one hundred and twenty day old broiler chicks of both sexes for a period of 50 days. The starter rations were fed up to 28 days of age and remaining 22 days the finisher rations were fed. The results showed that the starter rations containing calorie protein ratios of 136 and finisher ration containing calorie protein ratio of 159 were best in promoting weight gain, feed utilization and were economical as compared to other calories protein ratios. Different calorie protein ratios did not influence the dressing percentage of broiler chicks. It was concluded that careful combinations of energy and protein in poultry feed formulations Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0886,T] (1).

11. Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Various Endoparasites In Pheasants

by Bushra Nazeer | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Anjum | Prof. Dr. Azhar Maqbool.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: The study was designed to check the prevalence of nematodes in pheasants. A total of 200 faecal samples (100 from Lahore Zoo & 100 from Jallo Park Lahore) were collected from pheasants. Faeces were examined by using direct smear and centrifuge floatation technique. Forty six out of 200 Pheasants were found to be infected with nematodes. The overall prevalence of nematodes was 23%, while 20% & 26% prevalence was reported for Lahore Zoo & Jallo Park Lahore respectively. The overall species wise prevalence of nematodes reported as, Capillaria, Ascaridia, Coccidia, Trichostrongylus and Heterakis 23.9%, 30.4% 19.6%, 2.2% and 23.95 respectively. Then forty five birds were selected for chemotherapeutic trial by using fenbendazole and tetramisole and checked the efficacy of these drugs against the nematodes. The decrease in mean of EPG in faecal samples was calculated before and after treatment. All the Pheasants in group A were treated with tetramisole and mean EPG was 1000 at day 0 (before treatment). The reduction in mean EPG after treatment was observed 293, 220 and 367 on days 3, 7 and 18 respectively and tetramisole efficacy was 71%, 78% and 63%. The lowest (63%) tetramisole efficacy was calculated after 7 day, likewise highest (78%) on day 7 after treatment. The overall percentage efficacy of tetramisole was calculated 71% during this drug trial. On the other hand in group B the mean EPG was 961 before treatment (on day 0). The mean EPG was calculated 226, 193 and 327 on days 3, 7 and 21 respectively after fenbendazole treatment, indicating the egg load reduction 76%, 80% and 65% respectively. In group B, the highest reduction load (80%) of eggs was calculated on day 7 after medication, on contrary 65% on day 18 (post-treatment). The significant difference (p<0.05) was seen in EPG before and after treatment with anthelmintic in group A and B. The efficacy of fenbendazole was found highly significant (p<0.02) than tetramisole. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1600,T] (1).

12. Assessment Of Parasitological Contamination Of Fresh Ad Dry Fruits In Lahore

by Muhammad Anis Khan | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad | Prof. Dr. Azar Maqbool.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Fruits are important part of human diet. Eating unwashed fruits is common in many parts of the world including Pakistan, but these can be a major source of parasites. A parasitic survey on fruits collected from major markets in Lahore was conducted for the discovery of human and animal parasites. Ten species of fruits: Guava, Apple, Sapodilla, Sweetsop, Strawberry and dry fruits: Apricot, Date, Persimmon, Fig and Raisins were evaluated in this study. Fifty samples of each fruit and a total of 500 samples were taken for the study. Hundred gram of each fruit was washed with a cationic solution of Hyamin detergent containing glass particles for the elution of eggs. Concentration of eggs/cysts was achieved by centrifugal sedimentation technique at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. Sediment was examined under microscope for the presence of parasite eggs, cysts and larvae. Examination of fruits revealed nine genera of parasites. All fruits were highly contaminated with parasites with an overall prevalence of 35.2%. Of parasites studied, Ascaris found to be the highest (36%), followed by Trichuris (14.3%) and Trichostrongyloides sp.(11.9%), while the least common parasite was Fasciola (2.9%). Fruits are the source of parasitic infestation. The most contaminated fresh fruit was strawberry (54%) followed by guava (48%). Whereas the least contaminated fresh fruits was sweetsop (22%). The most contaminated dry fruits was fig (46%) followed by date (38%). whereas the least contaminated dry fruits was (20%). The results indicate that one of the important routes of parasitic infection is due to consumption of unwashed fruits. Conclusions: Strong efforts should be made to prevent contamination of fruits and vegetables during production, transport, processing and handling, much improvement is still needed in our country if hygienic production of fruits and vegetables is to be ensured. This study provides an overview of the hazards associated with eating contaminated fruits. Parasitic infections like Cryptosporidiosis can be acquired by people if orchards or water sources near cow pastures become contaminated from infected cows and people consume the fruit without proper washing. The study needs to be carried out in other areas of Pakistan and more fresh and dry fruits should be included in the study. Information regarding the contamination of the fruits should be published in the national newspapers because awareness of the public is very important for the control of these contaminations. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1645,T] (1).

13. Factor Analysis Of Biometric Traits Of Dhanni Cattle

by Khuram Shahzad | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Younas Gondal | Prof.Dr.khalid.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: drama Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1702,T] (1).

14. Prevalence Of Mange Mites And Herbal Treatment In Sheep

by Asif Fiaz | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Haroon Akbar.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: drama Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1886,T] (1).

15. Comparative Efficiency Of Coprological Identificatiocn With Sensitive Detection Of Cryptosporidium By PCR In Domestic and Commercial Chickens

by Hafiz fahad nazir | Dr. Nisar ahmad | Prof DR. Azhar maqbool | Prof. DR. Aftab.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2010,T] (1).

16. Detection And Chemotherapy Of Demodex Mite In Dogs In And Around Lahore

by Asim rasool | Dr. Nisar ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Haroon akber | Prof. Dr.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Nature of contents: biography; Literary form: Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2019,T] (1).

17. Prevalence And Chemotherapy Of Canine Babesiosis

by Faisal Shrif | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. MUhammad | Prof. Dr. Azhar Maqbool.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2117,T] (1).

18. Application Of Multivariate Principal Component Analysis For The Morphological Characterization Of Cholistami Cattle

by Waseem Abbas Shah | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Ne. Muhammad Saudullah | Prof.Dr.

Material type: book Book; Format: print ; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2141,T] (1).

19. Prevalence Of Soil Borne Species Of Toxocara And Ancylostoma In Different Public Parks Of Dera Ghazi Khan

by Muhammad Abubakar | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Haroon Akbar | Dr. Jawaria Ali.

Material type: book Book; Format: print Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2155,T] (1).

20. Taxonomy And Control Of Flea Infestation In Cats At Lahore

by Umair Tariq (2008-VA-233) | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Syed Saleem Ahmad.

Material type: book Book; Literary form: not fiction Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: INTRODUCTION Fleas play an important role in causing clinical skin disorders and diseases transmission in man and pets animals (Rust & Dryden, 1997). Fleas are one of the most important ectoparasites with more than 2,000 species worldwide affecting mammals, birds, and reptiles (Hsu, 2003). In some locations, fleas represent over 50% of all the dermatological cases presented to small animal clinics. Most are limited to hosts with nests as this can provide conditions for the completion of their life cycle (Linardi & de Avelar, 2014). While fleas on pets are generally considered a nuisance that may cause some dermatologic problems, they are also responsible for the transmission of several important diseases in humans and animals (Dryden & Rust, 1994). They have been involved in transmission of cat scratch disease (Bartonella henselae) (Chomel et al., 2006; Comer et al., 2001), Rickettsia typhi (Murine thyphus), Rickettsia felis (Finkelstein et al., 2002; Rolain et al., 2005), and also serve as the intermediate host for the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum (Rust & Dryden, 1997) and several trypanosomatids (Coutinho & Linardi, 2007). The term ‘‘cat flea,’’ which is the approved common name for Ctenocephalides felis felis (C. f felis), can occasionally cause confusion. When it appears in print, it refers to the specific flea genus and species and not to fleas recovered from cats. There are four recognized subspecies of C. felis throughout the world: Ctenocephalides felis damarensis and C. felis strongylus occur primarily in East Africa, C felis orientis occurs in India and Australia, and the widespread C. f felis occurs in all continents except Antarctica and is the only subspecies that occurs in North America (Rust & Dryden, 1997). The cat flea, C. felis, is a clinically important parasite of domestic pets, being responsible for the production of allergic dermatitis, serving as the vector of Introduction 2 various bacterial pathogens, and being the intermediate host for filarid and cestode parasites. Flea allergy dermatitis is the most common dermatologic disease of dogs and a major cause of feline miliary dermatitis (Dryden & Rust, 1994; Rust & Dryden, 1997). Clinical features vary from asymptomatic to severe hypersensitivity reactions with restlessness, alopecia from scratching and biting resulting in a pruritic papular dermatitis. Vacuuming of carpets, furniture cushions, rugs, or other substrata, with a vacuum machine containing a ‘‘beater bar,’’ will remove many of the flea eggs and larvae. In addition, cocooned pupae at the upper levels of the carpet can also be affected. The vibration also stimulates adult fleas to emerge from their cocoons so that they can be collected in the vacuum machine. Therefore frequent vacuuming, during a flea infestation, can reduce the overall flea burden in the home. It should be ensured that vacuum bags are disposed of properly, to prevent recolonization of the home with flea stages previously removed by vacuuming. Because outdoor development of immature flea life stages is limited to shaded areas, altering outdoor environments to eliminate such habitats can effectively reduce flea populations. Because urban wildlife, such as opossums, raccoons, and foxes, are good hosts for cat fleas, pet owners should avoid encouraging visitations by wildlife, which will affect flea and tick control (see later discussion). Treatment of indoor and outdoor environments with insecticides requires knowledge of what to use and where to use it. For this reason, it is suggested that pet owners consult with a licensed pest control specialist for such applications (Angelbeck-Schulze et al., 2014; Perrins & Hendricks, 2007). In line with increasing urbanization over the last few decades, flea species that infest pets have become household pests. Thus, and for reasons of animal and human welfare, the control of fleas is of great importance worldwide. Despite the increase in the number of products available and Introduction 3 their use, flea infestation of cats and dogs is still widespread in Europe and on other continents, whereas resistance of these insects against many chemicals has been detected (El-Gazzar et al., 1986). Cat fleas are the most important ectoparasite of cats and dogs worldwide. During the past ten years, topical and oral applications of insecticides such as fipronil, imidacloprid, lufenuron and, most recently, selamectin have revolutionized cat-flea control. Recent studies show that these therapies eliminate the need to treat indoor and outdoor environments, and their use markedly reduces the severity and prevalence of flea allergic dermatitis. Surveys have yet to reveal the development of insecticide resistance to these chemical compounds. Extending the longevity of these effective host-targeted therapies should be a major goal of the veterinary community (Rust, 2005). Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2253-T] (1).



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