1.
Impact Of Nutrition Education And Counseling On Knowledge And Practices Of Pregnant Women Visiting A Tertiary
by Saba Malik | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Zubair farooq.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1899,T] (1).
2.
Assessment Of Post-Prandial Glycemic Response After Consmption Of Orange Fruit And Its Various Types Of Beverages
by Fasiha Bhatti | Dr.Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Zubair farooq | DR.Sualeha.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1912,T] (1).
3.
Determination Of Veterinary Drug Residues In Sheep And Goat Casing Prepared For Sausage Industry In Pakistan
by Tariq Mehmood Khan | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Mateen | Dr. zubair Farooq.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2135,T] (1).
4.
Determination Of Microbial Contaminants Of Canned Fruit Products Available In Local Markets Of Lahore Pakistan
by Muhammad Waseem Akram | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Zubair Farooq | Prof. Dr. Aftab.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2143,T] (1).
5.
Determination Of Aflatoxins In Various Fractions Of Wheat Flour During Milling Process
by Tahseen Anjum Khan | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Tahir | Dr. Zubair Farooq.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2149,T] (1).
6.
Effect Of Lactic Acid Hot Water And Tap Water Spraying On Microbiological Load And Shelf Life Of Beef Carcasses
by Muhammad Usman Badar | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Zubair Farooq | Dr.Nasir Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2184,T] (1).
7.
Production Of Synbiotic Product Containing Galacto-Oligosaccharides And Saccharomyces Boulardii And Evaluation Of Its In Vitro Bifidogenic Effect
by Farah Javed (2013-Mphil-1110) | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Dr. Zubair Farooq | Miss Faiza Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Food are not only used to satisfy hunger or provide nutritional support but also used to prevent diseases that are based on nutrition and thus improve the health of consumers (Menrad, 2003).A food that is same in appearance and consumption to conventional food but has physiological benefits and prevents diseases is known as functional food (Sangwan et al. 2011). Functional foods are used to provide benefit to intestinal microflora. The most important functional food are prebiotic and probiotic. The combination of prebiotic and probiotic are known as synbiotics. The symbiotic is effective as that of prebiotic and probiotic. The probiotic is used to reduce the impurities from prebiotic mixture. This is very important to know the functional property of functional food (Sangwan et al. 2014) that is galactooligosaccharides (GOS) in present research.
GOS are most effective prebiotic which are beneficial to intestinal microbiota. Other health effects are stool improvement, mineral absorption, weight management and also improve the growth of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (Macfarlane et al. 2008). The Saccharomyces boulardii is a non-pathogenic yeast and used as probiotic. It is thermo tolerant yeast and optimally grows at body temperature i.e; 37ºC. Due to this property S. boulardii can be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Another function of this yeast is the reduction of monosaccharides from prebiotic mixture.
The purposes of present research work are to reduce the monosaccharides form mixture of GOS and the production of synbiotic product containing GOS and S. boulardii. For this GOS
were produced through transgalactosylation procedure using lactose as substrate. S. boulardii was grown separately and incubated with the mixture of GOS. After that symbiotic product was formed and lyophilized it. The total count of yeast was determined in lyophilized mixture. The in vitro bifidogenic effect of GOS and lyophilized product was also checked.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2291-T] (1).
8.
Evaluation Of Current Food Safety Practices At Various Food Establishments In Lahore
by Muhammad Shahbaz (2013-VA-600) | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Zubair Farooq.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Food Safety is a scientific discipline describing handling, preparation and storage of foods in ways that prevent food borne illnesses. In present era there is much advancement in the process of product control and practices which are aimed to produce wholesome and safe food. Governments have imposed very strict quality and food safety assessment parameters for food establishments. All food establishments have not adopted practices to ensure food safety.In the present study the survey of 500 food establishments of Lahore were conducted to evaluate current food safety practices adopted by various food establishments. The evaluation was done by using structured questionnaire/checklist. The questionnaire/checklist detailed of food establishment, management and personnel, personal hygiene, establishment design and physical facilities, maintenance and sanitation of establishments, control of operations and consumer awareness with product information. SPSS version 16 was used for all data analyses. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, means, and standard deviations were calculated for all variables as appropriate.The project highlighted the situation of current food safety practices and gaps in implementation adopted by various food establishments in Lahore. Evidence from the literature suggests that majority of Pakistani foods are drastically implicated with contaminants. Food hygiene training as a means of improving food safety, strong consumer protection groups, awareness of food safety, and the right to acquire safe food, strict adherence to food laws, new legislation with changing food safety perspectives, and the recognition of this challenging problem by all stakeholders are some of the practical, systematic, and aggressive steps that can be taken to curtail the risk of microbiological and chemical foodborne diseases and to minimize the health consequences associated with the consumption of unsafe foods in Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2331-T] (1).
9.
Effect Of Omega-3 Enriched Eggs On Oxidative Stress In Healthy Human Subjects
by Mubeen Rafiq (2008-VA-432) | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Prof. Dr. Nosheen Aziz | Dr. Zubair Farooq | Dr. M. Yasin Tipu.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Oxidative stress caused by increased production of free radicals due to altered antioxidant enzyme defense, increased lipid peroxidation and reduced levels of essential fatty acids. It is possible that the oxidative injury can be prevented by dietary supplementation of omega 3 fatty acid and antioxidants.
Omega-3 fortified eggs might be helpful in decreasing oxidative stress in healthy human subjects. Efficacy study of omega-3 fortified eggs was conducted against oxidative stress through biochemical analysis of biomarkers of oxidative stress e.g., catalase and superoxide dismutase.Eighteen volunteers were selected and divided in three groups (control, omega-3 supplements + vitamin E and omega-3 fortified eggs). At 0, 30th and 60th day, blood sample was collected and further examined.
The data will be analyzed through Analysis of Variance with repeated measures (rANOVA) technique. The significance level will be defined as P ≤0.05 and means will be compared through Duncan’s Multiple Range test for significance difference.
Omega-3 bio fortified eggs that would be useful for decreasing the oxidative stress in healthy human subjects.P value is less than 0.05 and results indicate that omega 3 fortified eggs may helpful in decreasing oxidative stress in humans. Also results showed that omega 3 fortified eggs are helpful in improving lipid profile by increasing HDL levels and decreasing LDL levels, decrease in triglyceride and cholesterol also a plus point of this product as it is economic, easy to access and nutritious.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2358-T] (1).
10.
Assessment Of Variour Nutrient's Intake In Pregnant And Lactating Women Through Food Frequency Checklist And 24-Hour Dietary Recall In Lahore
by Hasiba Munir (2008-VA-435) | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Prof. Dr. Nosheen Aziz | Dr. Zubair Farooq | Dr. Yasin Tipu.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Poor nutritional status during pregnancy is a contributory factor in maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Widespread household food insecurity (58.1% households are food insecure) and poor knowledge about nutrient requirements in pregnant and lactating women are the major cause of nutritional deficiencies. This study is planned to assess nutrients’ intake among pregnant and lactating women and to compare with standard requirements.
A cross sectional survey design was used to assess the nutrients’ intake of 110 pregnant and 110 lactating women from 6 Union Councils (two urban, two per-urban and two rural Union Councils) of Lahore and Rajanpur districts. Nutrients’ intake was assessed by using a pre-tested structured questionnaire to interview the pregnant and lactating women at one point in time. Weight, height and mid upper arm circumference was measured through anthropometric measures, 24 hour dietary recall, and food frequency was used to assess nutrients’ intake.
The data was analyzed bychi-square and cross tabs using SPSS version 20.0 and was presented in percentage, frequencies and charts to assess the nutritional deficiencies.Significance level was defined as p≤ 0.05.
The results shows that majority of the women were deficient in energy and nutrient's intake through daily diet. In both districts pregnant and lactating women were not consuming their required amount of various nutrient's according to their maternal status. Results show significant difference in Lahore and Rajanpur districts most of the nutrient's deficiency was present in Rajanpur as compare to Lahore. Severely low dietary intake of various nutrients was calculated and analyzed. According to the results dietary intake of various nutrients was severely low in selected women with following percentage protein was 39.1%, folate 40%, B12 20.5%, B6 74.5%, vitamin C 30.5%, vitamin A 14.1%, vitamin D 69.1%, calcium 26.8%, iron 96.8% and zinc 70.9%. These results shows very adverse situation of important nutrient's intake of pregnant and lactating women through diet.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2357-T] (1).
11.
Evaluation Of Lipid Lowering Effect Of Terminalia Chebula In Hyperlipidemic Patients
by Abdur Rehman (2013-VA-780) | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Zubair Farooq | Dr. Aqeel Javeed.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Hyperlipidemia is regarded as leading cause of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis and found to be best recognized modifiable factor for heart diseases and atherosclerosis. The present study constitutes on T. chebulahaving hypolipidemic activity. Sixty patients were studied in four groups and treated with T.chebula (150 mg hydroalcholicextract) for group 1 (15 patients), T.chebula(150mg hydroalcholic extract) + Atorvastatin (10 mg) for group 2 (15 patients), T. chebula (75 mg hydroalcholic extract) + Atorvastatin (5 mg) for group 3 and Atorvastatin (10 mg) for group 4 respectively for 12 weeks. The primary endpoints were mean changes in LDL-C, VLDL-C, HDL-C, Triglycerides and Total Cholesterol levels at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days. Data are expressed as means ± standard error of mean (SEM) and minimum – maximum and was analyzed using Descriptive Statistics and Repetitive Measures. Values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.The hydroalcoholic extract of T. chebula exhibits significant hypolipidemic activity when applied in different doses as compared to statin group. Lipid parameters like Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL and VLDL were decreased in all the 4 designed groups. However the statin groups have relatively high potential of decreasing Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL and VLDL when compared with the results of T. chebula extract. Group 3 have least hypolipidemic activity. Group 2 receiving exhibits highest results when compared with all the other 3 groups. Group 1 has the ability to significantly decrease Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL and VLDL when compared with group 4. Group 4 was taken as standard and found to significantly reduce the all lipid parameters used during the study.These results suggests a pharmacological indication on the traditional uses of T. chebula pericarp for hyperlipidemia and it can be determined that T. chebulahave a strong ability to reduce high lipid profile. The findings of proposed research are helpful in reducing modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2716-T] (1).
12.
Assessment Of Post Prandial Glycemic Response Of Pasteurized Camel Milk In Comparison With Pasteurized Cow Milk Among Normal, Prediabetic And Diabetic Human Subjects
by Moeena Baig (2014-VA-770) | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Zubair Farooq.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Assessment Of Post Prandial Glycemic Response Of Pasteurized Camel Milk In Comparison With Pasteurized Cow Milk Among Normal, Prediabetic And Diabetic Human Subjects Availability: No items available
13.
Assessment Of Glycemic Modulation In Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats Through Feeding Camel Milk Whey
by Rabia Akram (2014-VA-769) | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Prof. Dr. Habib-ur-Rehman | Dr. Zubair Farooq.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: The number of people diagnosed with diabetes is increasing tremendously exhausting the ability of health care systems to deal with the epidemic. Therefore it is necessary to find scientific merits in traditional folk remedies to justify their claims. Number of investigational studies on the traditional belief that regular consumption of camel milk helps in the prevention and control of diabetes are done by experimentations on different animal models have given significant results. Therefore present project was designed for evaluation of camel milk whey as functional food against diabetes mellitus. In the first part of study whey was extracted and in the second part of study efficacy of camel milk whey as functional food against diabetes mellitus was evaluated in male Sprague dawley rats. Seventy two rats were induced diabetes by injecting Streptozotocin (50 mg/ kg) dissolved in cold 10mM of citrate buffer at pH of 4.5. Diabetes was induced in group I, II and III rats and feed on three types of diet (standard diet + water, standard diet + raw camel milk and standard diet + camel milk whey) respectively. After the induction of diabetes it was confirmed by checking the 8 hour fastening blood glucose level using the Abbot glucometer, rats with blood glucose greater than 200mg/dl were considered diabetic. Base line reading were recorded by decapitating 6 rats from each group. Parameters which were consider included serum blood glucose level(mg/dl), TGL (mg/dl), cholesterol (mg/dl), HDL (mg/dl) and LDL (mg/dl) further more to observe the changes at cellular level histopathology of liver and pancreas was also performed. Therefore the present study consisting of duration of 6 weeks showed that camel milk whey is concentrated with number of beneficial proteins that are helpful in reducing the blood glucose level significantly in diabetic rats as well as it also remarkably in creased the level of LDL. The histopathology report of organs i.e. liver and pancreas showed improvement gradually with the ongoing treatment and these improvements strongly prove
Summary
38
that composition of serum not only improved temporarily but long term use of camel milk whey could not only help to improve serum composition but it also cases regeneration of degraded cells of pancreas and also improved the sinusoidal congestion in liver. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2773-T] (1).
14.
Effects Of Various Additives On The Quality Of Ozone Bleached Fabric And It’s Effluent
by Aisha Nazir (2015-VA-10) | Dr. Fariha Arooj | Dr. Saif ur Rehman Kashif | Dr. Zubair Farooq.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Bleaching was performed conventionally with Chlorine and its compounds. These bleaching agent yielded high bleaching efficiency at room temperature and with lower consumptions of chemicals but consumed huge amounts of water and resulted immense quantities of water containing numerous hazardous compounds. Hydrogen peroxide replaced these agents but its chemistry restricted its use it requires high temperature and pH control despite which it cause tendering effect. Ozone has now been recognized as an excellent bleaching agent with high efficiency for and sorts of fabrics as well as paper pulp. It consumes lesser water, energy and additional chemicals and saves cost of bleaching. This study examined improvement in ozone bleaching efficiency with the addition of isopropanol and sodium boro hydride and the quality of effluent generated in comparison with hydro peroxide bleached effluent. Absorbency and whiteness and burst strength were the bleaching efficiency parameter and EC, turbidity, TDSand COD were the effluent quality parameters, considered in this study. AATCC standard methods and APHA standard methods were used in the analysis. Absorbency was measured with the stop watch, whiteness was measured withDatacolor SF 600+, burst strength was measured with machine Version 9.0.0.37977, CRT ball burst test. Machine type: Titan- Universal strength Tester by James. H. Heal & Co. Ltd (Standard ASTM D3787) and TDS was measured gravimetrically, COD was measured by titration, EC was measured with EC meter(HI 8633 meter) and turbidity was measured with turbidity was measured with turbidity meter (HI 93703 MICROPROCESSOR TURBIDITY METER).Description and inferential statistical analyses were applied using SPSS 20 and MINITAB-17.Results show that the different additives and their concentrations in the bleached water bath strongly influence the test
SUMMARY
50
parameters except for absorbency.Methanol has been found as the best additive for all the parameter (bleaching efficiency) on the basis of the average performance of the additives. Increase in its dose causes increase in whiteness(65.02 WCIE compared to 50.56 WCIE with blank) and the burst strength (95.5 lbf compared to 87lbf with blank) as well as improvement in absorbency (12sec compared to 50sec with blank) since it increases ozone stability and selectivity assisting it in bleaching. Oxalic acid, due to its acidic nature, has caused decrease in whiteness(40.92 WCIE compared to 50.56 WCIE with blank)and strength (78.24lbf comparedto 87lbf with blank) due to ozone hydrolysis. Isopropanol has shown a trend similar to methanol since it is also an alcohol and acts as scavenger for OH radical. Sodiumborohydride has also shown a similar trend. It help ozone access fabric micro-pores and remove impruties, it has resulted increase in fabric strength (89.39lbf compared to 87lbf with blank)and whiteness(59.54 WCIE compared to 50.56 WCIE with blank)with higher dose. All the additives have shown increase in pollutant concentration in the effluent with increase in their concentration in the bleach water bath since they have assisted ozone in performing its bleaching function. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2911-T] (1).
15.
Comparison Of Heavy Metals Concentration In Chicken (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) Eggsfrom Poultry Farms And Backyard Raised Hens In Relation To Their Feed Intake
by M.Shuaib Kabeer | Dr. Isbah Hameed | Dr. Saif ur Rehman Kashif | Dr. Zubair Farooq.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Poultry eggs are most nutritious and important food stuff for human beings. It is easily digestible diet and the cheapest source of protein. It provides the most suitable nutrients and vitamin for the proper growth and maintenance of body tissues. Also, egg performs various functions while added in other several food products. Now a day Global Environment is being contaminated with different pollutants like Heavy metals, Dioxins, Poisonous gases etc. These pollutants also enter the food cycle and damage the food stuff. Poultry eggs might contain the elevated level of heavy metals, which generate from the various sources by natural and by man-made. Poultry is exposed by these metals by two main sources inhalation and feed (water and food) intake. When these contaminated eggs consumed by human beings they accumulate in their body and cause serious health effect. So, the purpose of this study was about to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Mn) from poultry eggs. Samples of poultry eggs and their feed were collected from three different poultry farms and, also from three backyard raised hens, Lahore. Egg and feed Samples were digested by di-acid digestion method, 1 gram sample was taken in Kjeldha’s digestion tube and 7mL of HNO3 was added and after 30 min 3ml of HCLO4 was added. This solution was heated at 150 °C for 30 minutes on digestion block and then at 250 °C until wine green or water clear color end point.Then digested sample were analyzed under Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). After analyses result shows that lead, selenium and chromium concentration were higher than their permissible limits in both poultry farms and backyard raised hen eggs. And other metals manganese, nickel, zinc and copper were within permissible limits in both poultry farms and backyards.After comparison of egg sample from poultry farms and backyard raised hens, result shows that the metal concentration in egg samples collected from poultry farms were higher than the egg samples collected from backyards. Also, results showed that the higher amount of copper concentration in eggs contributed from higher intake of contaminated feed and water. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2905-T] (1).
16.
Determination Of Heavy Metals In Local And Imported Brands Of Honey
by Rohma Razzaq (2011-VA-751) | Ms. Saman Sana | Dr. Saif ur Rehman Kashif | Dr. Zubair Farooq.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Honey is the sweet fluid produced by the honey bees obtained from the nectar of the flowers. Honey is useful in treatment of many wounds and treatment of other diseases like coughs. Honey contains different elements at varying concentrations. Among these elements several holds high nutritional value however certain fall under the category of toxic heavy metals. Although heavy metals like zinc and iron, have nutritional contents but excessive consumption can lead to health problems. Heavy metals have contaminated the soil, vegetables and plants of Pakistan. As heavy metals bio accumulates in the food chain, it has also contaminated the honey. In the present study, Heavy metals viz., Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), Mercury (Hg) and Iron (Fe) were determined in samples of imported and local brands and non-branded honey from different markets of Lahore. The concentration of heavy metals in three sets of honey was determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Fifteen different samples of brands (coded R1–R15) of local, Imported & loose honey, the most normally consumed ones in Lahore, were collected from marketplaces in October 2016. For each brand, samples with close manufacture dates were obtained. The statistical significance in the heavy metals comparison in honey was done by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test. All Honey samples studied for comparison have indicated the presence of the trace elements and they were high in range. The results found no significant difference P > 0.05 in Fe, Cr, Hg Concentration (mg/kg) in all study honey samples. A significant difference found in P < 0.05 in Ni and Co concentration (mg/kg) in all Honey Study Samples comparison. Only significant difference found in P < 0.05 in Pb Local Brands vs Imported Brands concentration (mg/kg) in honey samples. In case of Zn No significant different found in P > 0.05 in Local
SUMMARY
55
Brands vs Imported Brands but found significant difference P < 0.05 Local Brands vs Non- Branded Imported Brands vs Non- Branded contaminated by metals are released into the environment through their use in industrial processes and vehicles exhausted air pollution exposures at source in from of honey comb formation during poor processing. Metals concentration in various places depends on many variables, leading to their different concentrations in honey. The results of the study showed that contamination levels are high in non-branded honey as compared to Imported and local brands’ honey samples. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2929-T] (1).
17.
Evaluation Of Heavy Metals In Local And Imported Butter
by Ghazala Begum (2011-VA-09) | Ms. Isbah Hameed | Dr. Saif ur Rehman Kashif | Dr. Zubair Farooq.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Dairy products are considered the main parts of our daily breakfast. Butter is actually the milk fat. Butter contains traces of lactulose. Butter is the essential part of our daily breakfast. Butter plays key role in nutrition of human body. Buttercontains fat, vitamins, proteins, calcium, water that is very necessary for the developments of human health. To avoid diseases butter is essential to maintain the human’s health.Butter contains 30% water and 70% fat. Agriculture and industries are playing the role in the degradation of environment. The road way pollution enhances contamination of soil. Weathering and smelting are the main source of heavy metals in the soil. The contaminated soil grows plants through which toxic metals transfer to the plan and hence becomes the part of food chain. Milk is the main source of the transferring of the metals in the processed products. Other process manufacturing process also enhances the toxic metals in the end products.
The purpose of our study is to evaluate the heavy metals in butter that are to be safe for human consumption. Two groups of butter as imported and local selected. The samples were collected from different super markets in Lahore. The selected butters are as Emborg butter UK, Kerrygold butter Ierland, Lurpk butter Denmark, Assel butter UAE, Brllr sunflower Turkey, Nwar butter Dubai, Meadowlea butter Australia, Mumtaz butter Dubai, Nurpur Butter Sargodha, Adams white butter Sahiwaal, Dairy milk butter Lahore, Sufi milk butter Lahore, Creamy butter Faisalabad,Punjab dairy butter Lahore, Homemade butter. Digestion of the samples was done by diacid method. 1g sample and add 10 ml of diacid mixture in a kjeldhals flask. After that diacid mixture was heated at 150 C for 1 hour and then at 250 C till the completion of digesion. The end point was vine green and clear water (John 1984 Method). Then make the final volume up to
25ml. Then heavy metals analysis was done by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Polarized Zeeman Z-8230 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) after calibrating the instrument for each metal by feeding respective standards. .The heavy metals are as follows. Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu and Fe. Result shows the some of the butters follows the standard values. Some of the butter exceeds the limits given by WHO. Only high concentration of lead (Pb) 0.36ppm in Embourg butter, 0.56 ppm in Adams exceeds the permissible values.High concentration of Chromium(Cr) 0.22 ppm in Assel butter and 1.53 ppm in Adams butter. High concentration of Copper 23.25 ppm in Mumtaz butter and 12.74 ppm in Sufi milk butter. Remaining metals Nickel, Ferric, Zinc and chromium follows the permissible values.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2927-T] (1).
18.
Estimation Of Electric Power Generators Emissions And Its Effects On Vegetation In Different Areas Of Lahore, Pakistan
by MUhammad Umair Hayat (2015-VA-12) | Ms. Saman Sana | Dr. Saif-ur-Rehman Kashif | Dr. Zubair Farooq.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Combustion of fuels (natural gas, petrol) emits exhaust gases or flue gases. When combustion of these fuels occurs, different gases will enter into the air. Generator exhaust contains unburnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulfur and lead. Primary pollutants emit directly from sources (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, VOCs, hydrogen sulfide, halogens, nitrogen and sulfur compounds) Secondary pollutants produced by chemical reaction of primary pollutants.
Generator emission attributed 50-60% of degradation of air quality in Pakistan. Heavy electric power generators (5kVA) are the major contributors to air pollution. LANCOM III flue gas analyzer was used for the detection of generators exhaust gases e.g. CO, sulfur dioxide SO2, oxides of nitrogen NO (NO and NO2), hydrocarbons HC, hydrogen sulfide H2S and oxygen O2.
The following two sites ShahAlam road and Mall road were taken for analysis of generators emitted gases. Plants were digested by using di-acids method. Heavy metals (Zinc and Lead) were detected by using Hitachi Z-8230 atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
The zinc concentration in vegetation at Mall road is most significant as compared to the other values so it is concluded that the generators are contributing a lot towards metal pollution. While in case of Lead, Shah Alam road is the most affected area because of heavy traffic density.
In case of electric power generator exhaust gases; NO is the most reported value while HC(Hydro Carbons) is the least reported value. One-way ANOVA test for analysis of Variance
was used for level of power generators emitted gases on quality of air. Pollution from generator exhaust may have impacts on environment. It may cause serious air pollution. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2933-T] (1).
