1.
Ameliorating Effects Of Acetic Acid On Performance And Performance And Histopathological Parameters In Broiler
by Rukhshanda Ramzan | Dr. Gulbeena Saleem | Dr. Jawad Nazir | DR. Yaseen Tipu.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2107,T] (1).
2.
A Study On Effects Of Natural Babesiosis Infection On Hemato- Biochemical Profile And Associated Pathological Changes In Sheep
by Abdul Bari | Dr. Gulbeena Saleem | Dr. Jawaria Ali | Dr. M. Saeed Imran.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2144,T] (1).
3.
Effect Of Acetic Acid Supplementation On Pathomorphological And Immunohistochemical Changes In Broiler Chickens Experimentally Infected With Salmonella Enterica Serovar Pullorum
by Bareera Javed Khan (2009-VA-156) | Dr. Gulbeena Saleem | Prof. Dr. Asim Aslam | Dr. Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of acetic acid in minimizing the severity of pathomorpholgical lesions in broiler chickens experimentally challenged with Salmonella pullorum. The experimental birds were divided into five groups. Group A acted as control, Group B was infected with S. pullorum. Antibiotic and acetic acid was given respectively to the challenged Group C and Group D. Group E was given acetic acid solely. Clinical signs were observed on daily basis. Postmortem findings of birds from each group was recorded on day 1, 3, 5 and 7. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the necropsy samples was performed subsequently. The data thus collected was organized using Factorial experiment on computer statistical software Minitab version 16 and analyzed by Two way ANOVA (Analysis of variance).
Hemorrhagic, congested liver with greyish necrotic foci, pericarditis, congested lungs, spleen and unabsorbed yolk was observed in sick birds. Infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion and necrosis in liver, spleen and heart were histopathologically observed. Acetic acid reduced the severity of gross pathological and histopathological changes. The fecal excretion of S. pullorum significantly reduced with acetic acid.
Results clearly demonstrated that use of acetic acid and antibiotic respectively produced comparable outcome. As the use of antibiotics was banned in European Union and the organism, Salmonella pullorum showed resistance against many antibiotics so the best way to control the disease is by supplementing the acetic acid to birds as it was helpful in minimizing the mortality and severity of gross and histopathological lesions in infected chickens. If diets can be planned to enhance the organic acid production in the caecum, it may be possible to control salmonella species through cost effective means. However further studies need to be conducted in order to analyze the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of organic acids. The use of prebiotics and probiotics along with organic acids on the growth and disease management of broiler chickens. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2564-T] (1).
4.
Pathomicrobial And Immunohistochemical Findings In Broiler Chickens Naturally Infected With Salmonella Enterica Serotype Gallinarum Biotype Gallinarum
by Umar Farooq (2014-VA-1172) | Dr. Gulbeena Saleem | Mr. Ghulam Mustafa | Mr. Hassaan Bin Aslam.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Poultry industry is playing central role in the economics of Pakistan. Unfortunately, many diseases
are continuous threat to this industry. One of the important disease is salmonellosis which is
zoonotic problem and leftovers among principal causes of food borne illness throughout world.
Salmonella Enterica serotype Gallinarum biotype Gallinarum is septicemic, acute, chronic and
systemic disease of birds and had given huge economic losses to the farmers. A poultry producer
suffers lose due to salmonella infection of the flock including loss of birds and production time.
So the exact and precise diagnosis of disease is most important.
A total of 150 samples were collected from six outbreaks of salmonellosis around Lahore
region on the basis of clinical signs and postmortem lesions. 25 samples from each outbreak were
collected in duplicates. One in polythene bag along with ice pack for bacteriology and second in
ten percent neutral buffered formalin for histopathology. These samples were transported to the
Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, for further
processing. Pre-enrichment method was used to isolate bacteria. 24 gram affected organs (liver,
spleen, intestine, caeca, lungs, heart and kidney) were cut into very small pieces using sterile
scalpel blades and suspended into 250 ml sterile buffered peptone water and incubated for 18 hours
at 37°C. One mL of cultures was shifted to Selenite broth and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. One
loopful from the Selenite broths was streaked onto plates of (SS) agar and incubated at 37°C for
24 hours. Whitish and slightly gray color colonies on SS agar, were observed. These colonies were
confirmed by morphologically biochemically and serologically. Colonies were considered positive
S. gallinarum when indole production, Voges-Proskauer, urease, motility, arginine and lactose
fermentation tests were negative and H2S production, methyl red, mannitol fermentation with no
Summary
39
gas production, lysine, ornithine and Salmonella Polyvalent “O” antiserum agglutination tests were
positive. S. gallinarum was successfully recovered from organs including Liver, spleen, intestine,
caeca, lungs, heart and kidney. All the organs of positive samples did not give recovery of S.
gallinarum. Maximum recovery was obtained from liver. Majority of birds showed clinical sigs
anorexia, depression, high fever, watery bright yellow diarrhea, rapid respiration and pale and
shrunken comb. Bronze discoloration and necrotic foci on liver, congested and enlarged kidney,
enlarged spleen, edematous and congested lungs, degeneration in intestine and degeneration and
necrosis in caeca, were main gross lesions on internal organs. Microscopically liver showed
hepatic card necrosis. kidney showed interstitial nephritis, peritubular necrosis and congestion.
Intestinal caeca showed necrosis and degeneration. Intestinal mucosa showed degeneration.
Immunohistochemistry on S. gallinarum positive tissues were conducted and revealed localize
bacteria in tissues. In positive slides, dark stained areas showed immunoreaction between antigen
and antibody. These stained areas actually showed the position of pathogen. In present study S.
gallinarum was not isolated from all the birds showing clinical signs of disease and liver is the
only organ that gave highest recovery of S. gallinarum. So liver may be the target organ in this
disease. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry is precise and sensible technique to find out
pathogen. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2666-T] (1).
5.
Genetic Polymorphism Of Mdr1 Gene (Abcb1) Associated With Drug Resistance In Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
by Abid Saeed Malik (2013-VA-844) | Dr. Gulbeena Saleem.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: The increasing number of leukemia patients, especially in developing countries like Pakistan is mounting pressure on health care facilities. Chemotherapy is the first line treatment for cancers. Despite its efficacy, stratification modalities fall a part due to the tumer cells that are drug resistant. Therefore the choice of induction depends on the mechanism of action of drug at cellular target but also on transport system which is regulated by the membrane embedded P-glycoprotein, a product of ABCB1 gene. Polymorphisms in ABCB1 gene are belived to be the one possible cause of drug resistance in cancers.
In this study, genetic variants in ABCB1 gene in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia are identified. Polymorphism is the phenomenon that changes the course of DNA sequences and discriminates between individuals by the replacement of a single nucleotide at a locus in a gene. It can be an allele, present normally in a population or may be due to the insertions or deletion of a certain portion in a DNA molecule. These polymorphisms are accumulated in our genome through generations in history of mankind. It is commonly found at a frequency of 1 every 600 bases in all individuals. The genetic variants that are commonly found in a population or a group of individuals are known to be the wild type. The significance of SNP depends on its location in a gene. A variant present in the promoter region may have its importance as marker for the phenotype of a cell. As compared to these functional SNPs there are silent variants that may slow down the translation in a specific location to allow the peptide chain to bend into an unusual conformational effect. (Kimchi-Sarfaty et al, 2007).
Multi drug resistance ABCB1 1199G>A, 1236C>T, 2677G>A/T and 3435C>T are the locus of ABCB1 gene that encodes the P-glycoprotein, that is known to have its major role in cellular transport across the membrane. Many researchers have studied the polymorphisms in ABCB1 gene and most reported is 3435CT with a relationship to leukemia with variant results to chemotherapy (Efferth et al, 2003) and in a study it was found in association with a lower event free survival/overall survival (Jamroziak et al, 2005).
In this research study thirty nine patients and forty two controls were genotyped for polymorphism successfully, twenty two were male and seventeen female children, <15 years of age with median of 4.7 years for patients and 4.9 years for controls.Patients were diagnosed with precursor B-cell or T-Cell ALL in children who visited Children Hospital during the August 2016 till November 2016. The patients were excluded only when they were found missing or left without medical advice or due to lack of incomplete results or poor quality of DNA. The remaining thirty nine patients were eligible and admitted for the treatment and follow-ups. The patients were stratified according to the risk groups and Regimen they may assigned according to the criteria as mentioned in Table No: 4.6.
Genotyping of ABCB1 1199G>A (rs2229109), 1236C>T (rs1128503), 2677G>A/T (rs 2032582), 3435C>T (rs1045642) and c.1308A>T were determined using allele specific tetra-primer ARMS-PCR method. SNPs were analyzed by using the DNA markers for the corresponding allelic bands in Agarose gel electrophoresis (3%). The results are then analyzed statistically.
SPSS and SHEsis online software was used for the statistical analysis ofLinkage disequilibrium, Haplotype analysis (Figures: 4.27, 4.28)conducted for loci 1199G>A, 1236C>T, 3435C>T and 1308A>T of ABCB1 gene against control with same loci, using chi square with p<0.05 considered significant for these Haplotype groups. Result shows that genotypes CC/CT/TT, GG/GT/TT and CC/CT/TT of 1236C>T, 2677G>T & 3435C>T ABCB1 gene polymorphisms in this case control study are statistically significant (p<0.05) and haplotypes TTT & CTC are in consistent with individual tolerance to the choice of anticancer drug and hence aspire the concept of personalized medicine.In this research study, patients follow up with a status of “Not in Remission”are therefore believed to be the drug resistant. Polymorphisms in ABCB1 gene and anticancer therapies need to be a future study course to evaluate the scenario on a large scale.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2846-T] (1).
