1.
Relationship Of Gender And Body Condition Score On Histomrphometric And Physical Characteristics Of Selected Selected Skeletal Muscles in Kundi Buffalo
by Muhammad Usman Saleem | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Asim Aslam | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Introduction: Present study was conducted to study the effect of gender and BCS on selected skeletal muscle properties in Kundi buffaloes. Tenderness, juiciness and water holding capacity are the attributes of meat quality and are related with the muscle fiber number and diameter. Normal pH of the meat is 5.2-5.4 and any deviation from these values show that the animal was under stress before slaughter.
Materials and Methods: Four groups of 10 animals each were taken. The first group was of 10 male animals having BCS 1-4 and the second group was of 10 male animals having BCS more than 4. The third and fourth groups were of 10 female animals each having BCS 1-4 and more than 4 respectively. Samples of muscles trapezius cervices longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus were taken from each animal 24 hours post mortem. pH of the meat was measured with the help of pH meter 24 hours post mortem. Water holding capacity of the meat sample was measured 24 hours post mortem using Honikels gravimetric bag method. Samples were processed for light microscopy and stained by using Eosin and Hematoxylin staining technique. Tissue sections were observed for counting muscle fiber number and measuring the diameter of muscle fiber using a morphometry program.
Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was made using independent sample t- tests for the comparison based on gender or BCS between groups, and analysis with in a group was made using one way ANOVA.
Results: It was observed that the pH, WHC and muscle fiber number was higher in males as compared to those of females. Muscle fiber diameter was greater in females as compared to those of males. Animals with BCS 1-4 had a lower pH, greater WHC, larger muscle fiber diameter and higher muscle fiber number than those animals having BCS > 4. pH of trapezius cervicalis is higher than longissimus lumborum and semitendinosus but its WHC is lower than semitendinosus and longissimus lumborum. Longissimus lumborum has least muscle fiber diameter however trapezius has got the largest muscle fiber diameter. Number of muscle fibers in semitendinosus muscle is highest.
Conclusion: Through this research we determined that gender and BCS affect meat quality parameters.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1451,T] (1).
2.
Morphometric Evaluation Of Corpus Luteam And Ovary During Estrous In Nili-Ravi Buffalo Through Ultrasonography in spring and Dry Hot Seasons
by Abdur Rehman Ansari | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Aneela | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Introduction: The current investigation was carried out to study the effect of season on
the morphometric values of corpus luteum and ovary in spring (February-April) and dry
hot (May-June) seasons in the same animals and to characterize the biometry of corpus
luteum and ovary during estrous through ultrasonography in Nili-Ravi buffalo. The
correlation between the plasma Progesterone concentrations and ultrasonographic
biometry of corpus luteum was also studied during estrous in spring and dry hot seasons.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on ten female Nili-Ravi buffaloes in
both the seasons (spring versus dry hot). The ultrasonographic measurements and
echogenicity of ovaries and corpus luteum were performed by using linear rectal probe
(Agro-scan AL) of 5.0 MHZ on alternate days during the entire length of estrous cycle.
The plasma progesterone level was determined by taking 10 ml blood samples by
coccygeal vein puncture on the examination day from each animal in test tubes,
containing EDTA. The collected blood was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for about 20 minutes
and then the plasma was harvested, labeled and stored at freezing temperature (-20 °C)
until progesterone (P4) evaluation through ELISA technique.
Statistical Analysis: The data obtained by the ultrasonographic examinations was
analyzed with the help of paired t-test and the correlations regarding plasma progesterone
(P4) concentration and the morphometric values of corpus luteum were determined by
Pearson correlation by using computer software SPSS statistics version 17.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1556,T] (1).
3.
Morphometric And Histological Modulation Of Broiler Gut Under Chronic Heat Stress With And Without Dietary Yeast Supplementation.
by Ghulam Abbas | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Saima Masood | Prof. Dr. Ijaz.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1620,T] (1).
4.
Morphological Modifications Induced By Mannan Oligosaccharide Concentrations In Small Intestine Of Rock Pigeon (Columba livia domestica)
by Muhammad Tahir Amjad | Dr. Hafsa Zaned | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1625,T] (1).
5.
Effect Of Dietary Supplementation Of Catharanthus Roseus On Gross And Micro-Structures Of Selected Internal Organs of Broilers
by Saba Anwar | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Saima Masood | Prof. Dr. Ijaz.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1737,T] (1).
6.
Comparative Pathological Studies Of Brucellosis In Azikheli And Nili Ravi Buffaloes At Slaughter House I District Sawat
by Sayyed Irfanullah Khan | Dr. Muti-ur-Rehman Khan | Dr. Asim Aslam | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1741,T] (1).
7.
Pathological Findings Of Field Isolated Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus (Pprv) In Experimentally Infected Goats
by Qamar Ullah | Dr. Muti-ur-Rehman Khan | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Yasin Tipu.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: The Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is the influential disease of small ruminants chiefly goats and sheep. It is highly contagious viral disease of economic point of view. It produces hurdles in farming of small ruminants in areas where it is present such as Africa and Asia. Those areas where the disease is endemic and huge numbers of small ruminants are reared by needy farmers; it threats their subsistence. Epidemically the disease identified since 1991 in Punjab province of Pakistan.
The aim of the present study was detection of PPR virus through Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction during period of incubation. The course of the disease was monitored through regular clinical examination and hematological profile. The nature of the disease was evaluated through gross and microscopic lesions. The comparative proteomic analysis of field and vaccinal PPR virus was done through SDS-PAGE.
A total of twenty healthy teddy goats were purchased from local market of Lahore and were reared for 21 days. The goats were randomly divided into Group-A (experimental group) and Group-B (control group), with ten goats (n=10) in each group. Experimental infection of field isolated PPR virus was given intratracheally to the goats of group-A. The goats of group-B served as un-infected control group. For early detection of PPR virus through RT-PCR, ocular and nasal secretions were collected on day 1, 3, 5 and 10 from experimentally infected goats and on day 5 and 10 from goats of control group. Clinical examination of all goats of both groups was performed on daily basis. For hematological analysis, 2.5 mL blood was drawn from jugular vein on day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21st day post infection from all goats of both groups. Gross and microscopic lesions were recorded after slaughtering one goat from each group at day 7, 14 and slaughtering all the remaining goats of both groups on day 21 post infection. Two goats of the experimental group were died naturally, one goat at day 8 and one goat at day 13 post infection. Proteomic analysis of PPR virus harvested from experimentally infected goats was done through SDS-PAGE and was compared with PPR virus vaccinal strain Nigeria 75/1.
The results showed that PPR virus was detected by RT-PCR in PPRV infected goats at day three post infection and before the occurrence of acute clinical signs. The PPR virus was not detected in uninfected goats throughout the studied period which showed that there was no natural circulation of virus in the area of experimental sheds. The clinical examination showed significant increase in rectal temperature, pulse and respiration rates in PPRV infected goats as compared to uninfected goats. From the comparison of hematological parameters in PPR infected and uninfected goats, it was observed that PPRV is linked with some obvious alterations in its hematological profile. PPR in experimentally infected goats led to obvious decrease in the number of leucocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, hemoglobin estimation and packed cell volume but marked increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume as compared to uninfected goats. The gross lesions were specific for PPR which were prominently observed in the digestive and respiratory systems and lymphoid organs. The microscopic lesions revealed that there was congestion in trachea, sloughing in mucosa of rumen, mitotic activity in cardiac myocytes and hemorrhagic & effaced mediastinal lymph nodes of infected goats. From the comparative proteomic analysis through SDS-PAGE, differences in bands of proteins were observed.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1802,T] (1).
8.
Alteration In Dimensions Of Different Mucosal Components Of Small Intestine Of Rock Pigeon (Columba Livia Domestica) Caused By Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharide
by Sahar ijaz | Dr. Hafsa zaneb | Dr. Muhammad | DR. Saima masood.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2013,T] (1).
9.
Effect Of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Powder Supplementation On Growth Performance And Gut Morphology In Broiler Chickens
by Imad Khan | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr, Muhammad | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2139,T] (1).
10.
A Sonographic Diagnostic Study Of Tendinopathies And Traumatic Injuries Of Joints And Associated Soft Tissue Structures In Equines In And Around Lahore
by Azmat Ullah (2013-VA-440) | Dr. Shehla Gul Bokhari | Dr. Sadaf Aslam | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Diagnostic ultrasound was introduced as diagnostic modality in equines in 1982 by Rantanen. Horses are widely used across Pakistan for polo, race and draught purpose. Tendinopathies along with associated arthropathies and / or soft tissue trauma are common aliments among feet problems. However, no work has been done so far in Pakistan regarding the precise sonographic diagnosis of these problems and the seat of lameness, which results in the early culling of these horses. Advancements in diagnostic imaging have greatly improved the efficiency of the veterinarians in diagnosing soft tissues abnormalities. The present project was aimed to addressed these issues regarding precise lameness diagnosis in equines, with respect to sonographic presentation of the tendons, soft tissues and associated joints, and hence, to initiate precise diagnosis for effective treatment in future.
The study was designed to precisely diagnose and characterize the soft tissue injuries occurring concurrently with joint involvement, in the three predominant categories of horses in and around Lahore, viz., Race, Polo and draught-purpose.
For this purpose, twenty-four horses were divided into three groups i.e. A, B and C, each group comprising eight horses. Furthermore, each group were subdivided into two subgroups with four clinically sound horses and four unsound horses presented with soft tissues abnormalities occurring concurrently with or without joint involvement. The changes between sound and unsound structures were compared through intra-group and inter-group comparison.
The study was aimed towards practical needs in addressing to the precise sonographic diagnosis for the seat of lameness and characterization of the lesion. Conclusively, percentage
Summary
64
occurrence and degree of prognosis were assessed. Besides, it will futuristically augment in proper treatment of our precious animals.
Different soft tissue structures of various joints (elbow, carpus, MCP/MCT, stifle, and hock) were sonographically imaged both in sound and unsound horses for the percentage occurences of injuries in all the three group, along with degree of lameness, degree of pain, degree of range of motion in each joint and degree of prognosis. The parameters shown significant correlation with minor differences.
The study proved that occurrence of tendinopathies and associated joint trauma are more common in race horses than in polo and draught-purpose horses. The data regarding sonography of the joints was analyzed by using chi square test with the help of SPSS version 17.
The study can be used as a proven tool for the early diagnosis, prognosis of soft tissue abnormalities and facilitate both veterinarians and owners in long run and can also be used for treatment purposes.Diagnostic ultrasound was introduced as diagnostic modality in equines in 1982 by Rantanen. Horses are widely used across Pakistan for polo, race and draught purpose. Tendinopathies along with associated arthropathies and / or soft tissue trauma are common aliments among feet problems. However, no work has been done so far in Pakistan regarding the precise sonographic diagnosis of these problems and the seat of lameness, which results in the early culling of these horses. Advancements in diagnostic imaging have greatly improved the efficiency of the veterinarians in diagnosing soft tissues abnormalities. The present project was aimed to addressed these issues regarding precise lameness diagnosis in equines, with respect to sonographic presentation of the tendons, soft tissues and associated joints, and hence, to initiate precise diagnosis for effective treatment in future.
The study was designed to precisely diagnose and characterize the soft tissue injuries occurring concurrently with joint involvement, in the three predominant categories of horses in and around Lahore, viz., Race, Polo and draught-purpose.
For this purpose, twenty-four horses were divided into three groups i.e. A, B and C, each group comprising eight horses. Furthermore, each group were subdivided into two subgroups with four clinically sound horses and four unsound horses presented with soft tissues abnormalities occurring concurrently with or without joint involvement. The changes between sound and unsound structures were compared through intra-group and inter-group comparison.
The study was aimed towards practical needs in addressing to the precise sonographic diagnosis for the seat of lameness and characterization of the lesion. Conclusively, percentage
Summary
64
occurrence and degree of prognosis were assessed. Besides, it will futuristically augment in proper treatment of our precious animals.
Different soft tissue structures of various joints (elbow, carpus, MCP/MCT, stifle, and hock) were sonographically imaged both in sound and unsound horses for the percentage occurences of injuries in all the three group, along with degree of lameness, degree of pain, degree of range of motion in each joint and degree of prognosis. The parameters shown significant correlation with minor differences.
The study proved that occurrence of tendinopathies and associated joint trauma are more common in race horses than in polo and draught-purpose horses. The data regarding sonography of the joints was analyzed by using chi square test with the help of SPSS version 17.
The study can be used as a proven tool for the early diagnosis, prognosis of soft tissue abnormalities and facilitate both veterinarians and owners in long run and can also be used for treatment purposes. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2272-T] (1).
11.
Effects Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Supplementation On Serum Biochemical Profile In Broilers
by Natasha Laraib (2013-VA-568) | Dr. Muhammad Quaid Zaman | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Zinc is a component of about three hundred enzymes of all six enzyme classes. Zinc oxide nano particles (ZNOPs) improve the antioxidant status of broilers. By using ZNOPs, the bioavailability increases due to its smallest size and large surface area. Up to the best of our knowledge, no research work has been conducted on supplementation of ZNOPs in poultry in Pakistan and very little has been documented worldwide.
ZNOPs improve the anti-oxidant health status of broilers at low concentrations compared with bulk zinc oxide.
The study was consist of 100 day-old broiler chicks and randomly divided into 4 groups, each group consists of five replicates (n= 5 in each replicate). Group A was control fed with basal diet (BD) only, Group B was supplemented with 80 mg ZnO/kg BD, Group C and D was supplemented with 40 and 80 mg ZNOPs/kg BD respectively for 35 days. The parameters were delayed type hyper sensitivity, malondialdehyde, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, triiodothyronine, thyroxin, creatinine, bilirubin, urea and uric acid.
Statistical analysis was conducted with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20 USA). The data was analyzed using one way ANOVA.
The results of serum glucose concentration was found significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Group B and Group C compared to the Group A but was found similar to Group D Delayed type hyper sensitivity, Serum Anti-oxidant status, Serum Proteins, Serum
thyroid hormone level, Kidney Function Tests, Serum Bilirubin Concentration were found non-significant (P < 0.05) in all the groups compared to the control group.
ZNOPs do not cause nephrotoxicity hence they are safe for kidney .These particles does not disturb the thyroid hormones. However their antioxidant and protein effects were not observed in our study. That could be due to low dose of ZNOPs. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2412-T] (1).
12.
Effect Of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Powder Supplementation On Morphometric Characteristics Of Bone And Skeletal Muscle Of Broiler Chicken
by Hafiz Faseeh ur Rehman (2013-VA-437) | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Herbal extracts are being used as alternatives to sub-therapeutic antibiotics. Their mechanism of action involves improving growth performance through modulation of immune status of birds and increasing absorption of nutrients through gastro-intestinal tract. Moringa oleifera is one such herb which not only has antibacterial, antifungal properties but also have a good quantity of essential vitamins and minerals.
This study was aimed to analyze the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder in different concentrations (0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2% and 1.5%) on commercially important muscle characteristics and morphometric parameters of tibia bone.
Day-old broilers (n = 100) were randomly divided into five groups (A, B, C, D & E), each group having 4 replicates (n=5). Group A (Control) was fed basal diet while group B, C, D & E were fed same diet with 0.6%, 0.9% ,1.2% and 1.5 % supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf powder for 35 days. Birds were immunized against Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease.
On day 35 of the experiment, two birds from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered by exsanguination. Blood was collected in plan test tube and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to harvest serum and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured in serum. After slaughtering samples of breast muscle (pectoralis major) were taken for pH measurement and water holding capacity (WHC). For histological slide preparation breast muscle sample were processed by paraffin embedding technique and stained by Haematoxyline & Eosin. Histomorphometry was done by using software (ProgRes®2.1.1 Capture Prog Camera Control Software).
Summary
38
The right and left tibiae of each bird were collected for the morphometric measurements. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test Difference between groups was considered significant at P < 0.05.
The results revealed that water holding capacity (WHC) was higher in 0.6% MOLP, 0.9% MOLP and 1.5% MOLP supplemented groups as compare to control group. pH values of breast meat in all MOLP supplemented groups were significantly higher at o hour, 12 hour and 24 hour after slaughtering.
The supplementation of MOLP did not significantly affect muscle fiber density in breast muscle, but muscle fibre diameter of breast muscle from groups supplemented with 1.2% and 1.5% MOLP were significantly higher (P<0.05) than control group and group supplemented with 0.6% MOLP. The muscle fibre diameter of breast muscle of 0.9% MOLP supplemented group did not vary significantly from control as well as all other MOLP supplemented groups.
In tibia, bone length, bone diameter, medullary canal diameter did not change significantly in supplemented and control group. The weight of tibia bone increased significantly in groups supplemented with 1.2% MOLP and 1.5% MOLP when compared to control group. In right tibia, all treated groups ash% was significantly (P<0.05) high when compared to control group but the left tibiae the ash% of left tibia was significantly (P<0.05) higher in 0.6% MOLP supplemented group when compare to all other groups. The ash% of control group, 0.9% and 1.2% MOLP supplemented groups were significantly high than 1.5% MOLP.
The serum ALP level and Tibio-Tarsal Index did not vary significantly in all experimental groups. The robusticity index of control group was higher for both left and right tibia bone when compared to 1.2% MOLP and 1.5% MOLP supplemented groups. The
Summary
39
Weight/Length Index of tibia bone was also significantly high in 1.2% MOLP and 1.5% MOLP supplemented groups as compared to control group.
One of the most important considerations which should be kept in mind at the time of sample collection for WHC measurements and for getting cross section of muscles on slides for microscopic morphometry is orientation of muscle fibre and muscle fascicle in a given muscle. The muscle fibres of breast muscle (pectoralis major) in birds are neither perpendicular nor parallel with keel bone’s long axis but running at an oblique angle where the higher end of muscle fibre is on the lateral edges of muscle and lower end of muscle fibre is towards the medial end, so for sampling one must first ascertain muscle fibre direction and then they should be cut perpendicular to their oblique angle.
Conclusion
Supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (1.2% and 1.5%) in diet of broilers improved commercially important traits of breast muscle along with improving the mineral contents and strength of tibia bone. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2461-T] (1).
13.
Morphometry Of Udder, Teat And Milk Vein In Nili Ravi Buffalo (Bubalis Bubalis) And It’s Relationship With Milk Yield.
by Mirza Muhammad Usman (2003-VA-138) | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Asim Khalid Mahmood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: SUMMARY
Morphological and physiological properties of mammary system are affecting the milk production in dairy animals and the quality and quantity of milk produced by them is dependent on its health particularly the health of its udder. Nili Ravi (Bubalis bubalis) buffalo is a native breed of Pakistan found in irrigated plains of Punjab and is also referred to as black gold because of its vital role in national economics. About two third of the total milk produced nationally comes from the buffalo milk and these animals also contribute to production of meat and draught power. Like for other dairy animals, morphometry of the udder is considered an important tool in the selection of our local buffaloes but the scientific reports regarding the difference of udder morphometric parameters in high and low yielding animals are still lacking. Keeping in mind the importance of this local breed and its huge contributions in fulfilling the daily milk needs of Pakistan, present study was designed to document the differences in the morphometric parameters of udder in two groups of Nili Ravi Buffaloes.
Forty healthy Nili Ravi buffalos having a minimum BCS of 2.5, and in second or above lactation were selected. The animals were housed in a semi closed housing system. Buffalos free from udder pathologies were selected and were hand-milked. These were then equally divided into two groups according to their average daily milk production MP 1 group (4–6.9 liters per day), MP 2 group (7–9.9 liters per day). The morphometry of the udder, teat and milk vein was recorded twice, two hours before and two hours after milking. Teat length, udder depth and udder horizontal circumference were measured with the help of measuring tape. External teat diameter and milk vein diameter were measured with the help of vernier caliper. The external teat diameter and the internal diameter of the milk vein were measured with the help of
Summary
24
ultrasound. The data thus obtained were statistically analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for Windows version 13.3 and presented as mean ± SE. Normal distribution of the data was checked by Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Statistical differences within the group were analyzed by paired T test. The significance of the parameters among the groups i.e., MP 1 & MP 2 made on the basis of low and high milk yield respectively was studied by Independent T test. All the differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Results revealed that ejection of milk did not affect the length of teats within the group for both MP 1 and MP 2 groups except in case of right fore-teats of MP 2 group (showing an increase after milking). When the similar parameter was compared between the groups we could not observe the effects of milking on TL. External teat diameter showed a decrease after milk ejection in both the groups except in right hind teat of the low producing group and teats of left sides in high producing animals. However we could not observe the difference of this external teat diameter between two groups of Buffaloes based on milk production. Teat cistern diameter (TCD) did not differ before and after milking, when compared between the high and low yielding Buffalos and within the group of high yielding animals. The TCD within MP 1 group showed variable results for left and right fore- teats. Depth of the udder and udder horizontal circumference did not show any significant difference before and after milking within as well as between the two groups. Milk vein diameter was greater in both the groups before milking, however, the diameter of the milk vein remained unchanged when compared between the high and low yielding animals. Diameter of the milk vein measured with the help of ultrasound remained statistically same between and within the two groups of buffaloes.
In conclusion, this study showed that most of the morphometric parameters of the udder including teat length, external teat diameter, teat cistern diameter, udder depth and diameter of
the milk vein were not different between the groups of Nili Ravi buffalo selected on the basis of difference in their milk production. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2467-T] (1).
14.
In Vitro Comparison of Buffer Temperature on Electrophysiological & Histological Indices of Ruminal Epithelium
by Muhammad Jawad Masood Khan (2014-VA-817) | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: CD corrupted. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2698-T] (1).
15.
Evaluation Of Multiple Heated Oil Consumption On Liver And Kidney Health In Male And Female Rats
by Sehar Ashraf (2014-VA-528) | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Reuse of oil during food making is practiced worldwide. This practice is established not only by roadside food stalls but also customary to food outlets, restaurants and hotels in big cities. The process of heating and reheating of dietary oil results in oxidation of oil and generation of free radicals and toxic compounds. These toxic compounds cause red patches and necrosis in liver and kidney, antioxidants decreases also.
The consumption of multiple heated oil may affect liver and kidney health in male and female rats. Eighteen male and eighteen female Wistar rats were taken and divided into groups. Group-I (negative control) fed chow diet and sub-divided into two groups, based upon gender, IA (negative control males) and IB (negative control females). Group-II was given chow diet mixed with 15% v/w single time heated oil and sub-divided into two groups based on gender i.e., IIA and IIB. Animals in sub-groups IIIA and IIIB were fed on chow diet mixed with 15% v/w multiple heated oil. Blood samples were collected at the end of four weeks of study. Hepatic (AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin) and renal (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid) functions, oxidants and antioxidants (in blood and (liver, kidney) tissues) parameters were studied. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA on SPSS. Differences between the groups were compared by the Tukey’s test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Upon feeding of fried oil liver and kidney damage occurred due to oxidation of oil. But in our present study single time and multiple time heated oil consumption did not damage liver and kidney. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and liver catalase significantly higher values in oil feeding groups confirm that chow diet was energy deficient whereas oil supplementation enhance diet energy.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2723-T] (1).
16.
Evaluation Of Repeatedly Heated Oil Consumption On Anthropometric Characteristics And Lipid Profile In Male And Female Rats
by Aasma Bashir Ahmed | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Deep-fat frying of foods is the most common and quickest method in food preparation. Numerous chemical changes occur during heating process of oils, which promotes the production of different volatile and non-volatile compounds. These noxious compounds are absorbed in the food, and ultimately enter the systemic circulation after digestion and absorption. Effects of peroxidation of biological systems come with a number of pathological manifestations including incidence of oxidative stress, glucose intolerance and atherosclerosis.
Repeatedly heated cooking oil consumption has harmful effects on anthropometric characteristics, lipid profile in male and female rats.
Thirty six adult male and female Wistar rats were selected and divided into six groups having three groups of male rats and three groups of female rats. Group-I including IA (negative control males) and IB (negative control females) were fed chow diet. Group-II including IIA and IIB were given chow diet mixed with 15% v/w fresh oil. Animals in sub-groups IIIA and IIIB were fed on chow diet mixed with 15% v/w fried oil. Body weights were recorded weekly. Organs and blood samples were collected at the end of 28 days to assess organ weights, measure plasma glucose level and lipid profile.
Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The group differences were compared by Tukey’s range test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Body length of rats was not significantly affected by the feeding of single and multiple fried oil. Effects of treatment, gender and week are significant on body weights of rats. Effect of single and multiple fried oil feeding was significant on absolute weights of abdominal fat and
Summary
63
liver and non- significant on absolute weights of heart, kidney and testes. Treatment effect was non-significant on relative weights of abdominal fat, heart, kidneys and testes, whereas effect was significant only on relative weights of liver. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2724-T] (1).
17.
Comparative Morphological Study Of Gastrointestinal Organs Of Domestic And Wild Migratory Duck In Pakistan
by Muhammad Shuaib (2015-VA-1059) | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Saima Masood | Prof. Dr. Habib-Ur-Rehman.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Reported literature provides limited information on histology and histomorphometry of its GIT organs and gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) of wild duck (Gadwall; Anas strepera). This study seeks to document histology and histomorphometric features of above-mentioned organs of Gadwall and compare them to those of the domestic duck.
Seven adult domestic and wild ducks were collected from local market and Chashma Barrage, Mianwali, respectively. After slaughtering, samples from esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, pyloric tonsils, small intestine and cecal segments were collected. GIT and visceral organs length and weight were recorded respectively. All the samples were processed by paraffin embedding technique followed by H&E and Alcian blue-PAS staining techniques. The slides were observed under bright field microscope for measurements (LABOMED® USA). For esophagus, thicknesses of layers of its wall were recorded. For proventriculus and gizzard, histological description was considered. For small intestines, villus height, width and surface area, crypt depth, thickness of lamina propria, muscularis mucosae and tunica muscularis were recorded, and IELs and goblet cells were counted. For pyloric and cecal tonsils, height, width, number and distribution area of lymphatic nodules were recorded. Independent sample t-test was used to analyze the data (mean ± SEM). Differences was considered significant at p<0.05.
The results showed that in wild ducks live body weight was lower as compared to the domestic ducks. In wild ducks esophagus length was lower as compared to the domestic ducks. The relative weight of the esophagus was higher in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks. The relative weights (filled and empty) of proventriculus, gizzard and small intestine were higher in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks.
Summary
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In wild ducks large intestine length was higher as compared to the domestic ducks. In the wild ducks relative weights of spleen, pyloric tonsils and Bursa of Fabricius were higher as compared to the domestic ducks.
The results of histomorphometry of the different layers of esophagus showed that epithelium thickness was lower in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks. While thickness of the lamina propria and muscularis mucosa were higher in the wild duck as compared to the domestic ducks. In the duodenum villus width, villus surface area and muscularis mucosa thickness were found lower in the wild ducks, as compared to the domestic ducks. In the jejunum thickness of lamina propria and tunica muscularis were higher in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks. In wild ducks villus height, villus surface area, crypt depth and tunica muscularis thickness of ileum were higher as compared to the domestic ducks. In cecal and pyloric tonsils, length width and number of the lymphatic nodules were lower and higher respectively in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks. In the wild ducks, intraepithelial lymphocytes count in duodenum was lower as compared to the domestic ducks. While the intraepithelial lymphocytes count in ileum was higher in the wild ducks as compared to the domestic ducks. In duodenum of wild ducks acidic, mixed goblet cell count and their total count was lower (p<0.05) as compared to the duodenum of domestic ducks.
In conclusion wild duck has slightly better developed immune and GIT organs than those of the domestic duck. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2791-T] (1).
18.
Effects Of Dietary Supplementation Of Drumstick Tree Leaf Powder On Anthropometric Parameters, Serum Lipid Profile And Thyroid Function Hormones In Rats Exposed To Thermal Stress
by Raja Majid Masoud (2015-VA-433) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Introduction: There are a number of stressors which adversely affects the normal homeostasis
of the body. One of them is thermal stress which has marked damaging effect on the normal
physiology of an individual. Drumstick tree is a versatile plant from Moringaceae family.
Drumstick tree is a best food plant but it also has a large potential as a medicinal plant . Due to
rich source of flavonoids, β-carotenes, vitamin A & D, DST is known as a best natural antioxidant.
The leaves of Drumstick tree contain phenolic compounds, which have
hypocholesterolemic and hypolipodemic properties. It also possess cardio protective, hepatoprotective
and renal protective activities due to its rich anti-oxidant potential.
Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that Drumstick tree leaf powder supplementation will
ameliorate the growth performance, serum lipid profile and thyroid function in rats exposed to
thermal stress
Methodology: Adult female Wistar rats (n= 24) were procured and housed in stainless steel
cages in the experimental animal shed of department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, Lahore-Pakistan. After acclimatization, rats were divided in to four groups
(One control and 3 DSTLP treated groups). Rats were exposed to high environmental
temperature(37±1°C) for one hour daily(12.00 Pm-1.00 Pm) throughout the experimental period
of 21 days for the induction of heat stress(Sinha. 2007). Anti-stress properties of Drumstick tree
leaf powder were examined by measuring biochemical parameters, i.e. anthropometry, serum
lipid profile, thyroid function hormones, serum cortisol, total protein, albumin and globulin
(Ohkawa et al. 1979). Analysis of all these parameters was carried out by using commercially
available kits provided by Human Diagnostics, Germany.
Summary
37
Results: Results from the present study revealed that Drumstick tree leaf powder
supplementation during thermal stress has a significant effect (P<0.05) on serum lipid profile,
total protein, albumin globulin, thyroid function hormones (T3 & T4) and cortisol. On the other
hand, Drumstick tree leaf powder demonstrated a non-significant effect (P>0.05) on
anthropometric parameters.
Statistical analysis: The data was analyzed by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
using SPSS software. The group differences were compared by the Tukey’s Test. Differences
was considered significant at P < 0.05.
Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that Drumstick tree leaf powder (MOLP) has a
potent antioxidant potential by lowering cholesterol, TG and LDL-cholesterol with marked
ameliorative effect on TP, albumin and globulin in heat stressed rats. Further studies are required
to explore the potential of other portions of this plant in heat stress. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2799-T] (1).
19.
Effect Of Sub-Chronic Exposure Of Di-Butyl Phthalate On Serum Minerals And Bone Health In Rats
by Nisar Ahmed (2014-VA-779) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous compounds present worldwide. Endocrine hormone production, release, transport, binding, action or elimination is enhanced or interrupted by EDs and hence affect homeostasis, development, reproduction and behavior of organisms. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most important EDs used extensively in consumer products such as plasticizers, nail polish, paints, thermal paper and water pipes. DBP binds to estrogen receptors and enhance or interrupt the endocrine system. DBP have negative effects on bone health and serum minerals in rats. A total of 48 adult rats were divided in three main groups i.e. (16 rats in each group). Each group was sub-divided into male (8 rats) and female (8rats). Control Group: Basal rat diet was provided to control group. Group A: DBP 10mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to group A. DBP was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Group B: DBP 50mg/kg body weight daily along with basal rat diet was given to Group B. DBP was dissolved in 10 % ethanol and was diluted with distilled water. Trial duration was 3 months and at the end rats were killed to obtain the bones, serum and muscles to observe their bone characteristics (bone length, width, and medullary canal diameter) and minerals (Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca) analysis. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA through SPSS version (SPSS Inc. version 20, Chicago, Illinois) and was presented as mean± SEM.
Femur bone length was found to be significantly higher in male rats treated with DBP 10mg/kg and 50mg/kg compared to control. The femur bone length was not affected in female rats. Rest of the parameters in bone health of tibia and femur were not affected by treatment. Bone minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn) were also not affected by the treatment irrespective of treatments. Serum calcium was significantly higher in male rates treated with 50mg/kg DBP
CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
37
compared to control; whereas it is decreased significantly in female rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Serum zinc concentrations also decreased significantly in female rats treated with DBP 50mg/kg compared to control. Muscle copper concentration was significantly higher in male rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Iron muscle concentration was significantly increased in male and female rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Muscle calcium concentration was significantly decreased in male rats treated with 50mg/kg DBP compared to control. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2896-T] (1).
