1.
Assessment Of Afflatoxins Contamination In Peanuts
by Zanib Hashmi (2009-VA-512) | Dr. Naureen Naeem | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Prof. Dr. Aftab Ahmad Anjum.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Peanut is the most important agricultural crop of Pakistan. Peanut is a dicotyledonous, herbaceous, pubescent, rigid or low growing plant and the only species cultivated is (Arachishypogaea L.). Peanut is rich in protein, fat and carbohydrates, some percentage of Ca, K, P, Mg and vitamin E is also present. Peanut is an excellent source of edible oil as it contains about 50 to 53 percent good quality oil used in ghee, margarine and salad. There is high risk of contamination of peanuts with aflatoxins(AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) because of fungal attack during the drying of peanut pods. Out of all these aflatoxins AFB1 is most important. Aflatoxins are toxic, carcinogenic secondary metabolites of Aspergillusflavus, Aspergillusparaciticus and Aspergillusnomius. Aflatoxins can cause illness to human results in Aflatoxicosis. Aflatoxins are carcinogenic compounds that are causative agents in human hepatic and extra hepatic carcinogenesis. The chief attacking organ for aflatoxins B1 toxicity and carcinogenicity is liver. From the safety point of view aflatoxin management is important for the production of safe and excellent quality peanuts.
For this purpose present study was conducted to determine the level of aflatoxins in peanuts (roasted, un-roasted). Samples will be collected/purchased by simple random collection technique from local markets and vendors from different areas ( Sabzazar, Wahdat road , Shad bagh, Data darbar, Akbarimandi, Beaden road, Lohari gate, Ek-moria pull, Liberty, Firdous market, Siddiqiacoloney, Mughal pura, Faizbagh, Rehmanpura, Gulberg, Model town, Islam pura, Shahdara, Rang mahal, Muslim town, Township, Iqbal town, Awan town, Niazbegh, Mozang, Outfall road, Sanatnagar, Cantt, Secretriate and Shad man) of Lahore. The samples were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) to check the presence of aflatoxins (B1, B2,
G1 and G2). TLC analyses were further confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to verify the accuracy of TLC. These analyses were performed in the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and WTO labs, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. As out of 120 total samples of peanuts 60 samples were taken from vendors with 2 categories of roasted and unroasted while 60 samples were collected from shops with the same categories. Out of 120 samples, 55 (45.8%) were contaminated. In these 55 samples 48 (87.2%) samples were contaminated with aflatoxin B1.Aflatoxin G1 is also present in 3 samples (5.45%), aflatoxin B2 in 3 (5.45%) samples and Aflatoxin G2 is present only in one samples collected from vendors, and we can say that 1.8% samples were contaminated with aflatoxin G2.
Present study will be supportive for the investigation of aflatoxins in peanuts. Peanuts are widely consumed all over the world and occurrence of aflatoxins in this commodity is a major concern to human health. The present situation is too much worse about the levels of aflatoxins which are higher than the prescribed limit by the regulatory authorities. It was observed that TLC technique is good for the determination of aflatoxins in developing countries where the facilities of sensitive instruments are not accessible. Furthermore to quantify levels of aflatoxins by using sensitive instruments like HPLC, GC-MS and LC-MS is required for accurate detection of Aflatoxins in peanuts in markets to protect the consumers from exposure of aflatoxins high level which are carcinogenic and hepatotoxic.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2614-T] (1).
2.
Efficacy Assessment Of Ready-To Use-Supplementary-Food For Treatment Of Moderately Acute Malnutrition
by Jalees ul Hassan | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Prof. Dr.
Material type: Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1542,T] (1).
3.
Preparation Of Low-Glycemic India Vetch-Wheat Composite Flours And Evaluation Of Their Chapatti Making
by Amara Khan | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Dr. Sualeha.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Wheat is one of the popular cereals that supply the basic nutritional and energy requirements of the population. More so, wheat flour is commonly consumed across the world. Complementation of wheat flour with Indian vetch will not only upgrade its protein quality but also will helpful in decreasing glycemic index because studies have shown effects of Indian vetch on glycemic index. Objectives of the present study are to develop low glycemic, nutritious composite flours and to assess the glycemic efficacy of selected composite flour based chapattisin normal adult human subjects.
The present study was conducted in two phases. During first phase composite flours were prepared and their chemical, functional and rheological properties were analyzed. In second phase the effect of sample chapattis on post- prandial glycemic response in healthy subjects was evaluated.
The composite flours were prepared by mixing various ratios of wheat flour and Indian vetch flour. The ratio of Indian vetch flour was 10, 20, and 30 g respectively with 90, 80, and 70g wheat flour. Chemical properties revealed that The results for the proximate composition of composite flour and wheat flour show that the moisture content of composite flours is lower than the wheat flour , which progressively decreased as the level of Indian vetch supplementation increased. The supplementation at different levels of Indian vetch flour (seed coat removed during milling) has a significant lowering effect on the crude fiber, ash and crude fat but a significant increase was observed in the protein content, which was due to high protein content of Indian vetch flour.
Mean square for bulk density of composite flour blends shows that bulk density was significantly affected by the Indian vetch flour addition (10-30Overall, bulk density ranged from 86.66±1.527 to 83.66±1.154 in all flour blends.
Water and oil absorption capacities are amongst the important functional properties for additives supplemented in food systems. Water and oil absorption are significantly affected with addition of Indian vetch). 30% Indian vetch Composite flour showed excellent water holding capacity 5.889±0.040% as compared to wheat flour 4.956±0.056%. The oil absorption capacity of composite flour was noted to be 5.64±0.032% that was significantly higher than that of wheat flour (T0). Therefore water and oil absorption capacities of flour blends were improved at all levels of Indian vetch flour addition.
Foaming capacity and stability were also significantly affected among different compositions of flours. T30 flour sample showed foaming capacity 9±0% and foaming stability 8.5±0%, whilst T0 wheat flour possessed 7.166±0.288% and 6.51±0.5% of foaming capacity and stability, respectively. The foaming stability of composite flours increased as the ratio of Indian vetch increased in present study. As expected, Indian vetch flour addition resulted a significant increase in the stability of foam in flour blends.
Gelling power of the flour dispersions increased with the level of Indian Vetch flour in flour blends. The highest gelling power was observed in T30 (30% Indian vetch flour). The partial gelation in T20 was observed at 4% flour suspension, whereas in T30 above 3% flour dispersion resulted in complete gelling. The lowest gelling properties were noticed in case of T0 (100% wheat flour).
It is evident from results that Indian vetch addition resulted in decreased redness ("a") and increased lightness ("L") . Hunter color values increased significantly with Indian vetch addition in composite flour , representing an increased yellowness of chapatti . The values for Chroma remained same while hue angle also increased momentously by adding up of Indian vetch.
Dough rheological behavior is mainly affected due to protein quantity and quality of flour. The rheological characteristics are the source for understanding the dough handling behavior in bakery. Consequently, dough properties play a key role in quality of finished products. Significant variations were observed among various flour samples for these traits.
On the basis of sensory evaluation two best chapatti samples T10 and T20 were selected for further efficacy studies.
A total of 10 healthy adult volunteers were recruited through flyers, emails and personal contacts. Eligibility for volunteers will be determined on the basis of age (20-50 years), health status, individuals having optimum BMI and free from any communicable diseases and gluten allergy. The study procedure was discussed with all volunteers and were asked to sign the consent to voluntarily participate in the study.
Predicted glycemic index was lower in chapattis added with 20% Indian vetch flour than in 10% composite flour and 100% wheat flour. So chapattis of composite flour might be a dietetic alternative forpeople with low-calorie requirements.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1550,T] (1).
4.
In Vitro Comparative Evaluation Of Mutagenicity Of Milk Adulterants Formalin, Hydrogen Peroxide And Melamine Alone and in Combination
by Muhammad Amer | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Imran Javed | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1683,T] (1).
5.
Development Of Cookies With Various Tyoes Of Sweeteners And Evaluation Of Their Impact On Post Prandial Glycemic
by Usra Qaiser | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Sanaullah iqbal | Prof. Dr.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1942,T] (1).
6.
Determination Of Aflatoxins In Maize Grains Collected From Various Disteicts Of Punjab And Its Detoxification By Using Citric Acid
by Memoona manzoor | Dr. Zubair faroooq | DR | DR. Sanaullah iqbal.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1961,T] (1).
7.
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity Of Star Anise (Illicium Verum) Oil Against Common Food Borne Pathogens And Its Utilization in Cookies Preparation
by Shamim khalid | Dr. Naureen naeem | Dr. Sanaullah iqbal | Prof. Dr. Aftab.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2033,T] (1).
8.
Growth Inhibiting Effects Of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Verum) Oil On Common Food-Borne Pathogens And Its Utilization
by Sidrah naseer | Dr. Naureen naeem | Dr. Sanaullah iqbal | Prof .Dr. Aftab.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2034,T] (1).
9.
Determination Of Aflatoxins In Super Kernel Basmati Rice Types Consumed In Different Regions Of Punjab Pakistan
by Hina mukhtar | Dr. Zubair farooq | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Sanaullah iqbal.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2052,T] (1).
10.
Effect Of Prebiotic Galacto-Oligosaccharides On Serum Lipid Profile In Female Rata Fed On Hypercholesterolemic Diet
by Arooj Hashmi | Dr. Naureen Naeem | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Prof.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2091,T] (1).
11.
The Effect Of Chemical Treatment During Washing On Reduction Of Aflatoxins In Red Chillies
by Zubair Arshad | Dr. Naureen Naeem | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2093,T] (1).
12.
Effect Of Oiling And Packaging On Shelf Life Of Eggs Stored At Two Different Temperatures
by Marium Munir (2008-VA-388) | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Dr. Aftab Ahmad Anjum.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: In Pakistan, poultry industry is playing a vital role in the economy of the country. As eggs are perishable so it must be handled with safety. It is imperative to handle and store the eggs at appropriate conditions. But improper storage of eggs is a problem in our country which affects its quality and there is chance of microbial contamination in eggs. Oiling and packaging has variable impact on shelf life of eggs at different storage temperatures (Matt et al. 2009).Raw eggs have many benefits, they contain essential nutrients for the brain, nerves, glands and hormones, they are nutritionally balanced. raw eggs also contain an abundance of other vital substances including protein, essential fatty acids along with niacin, riboflavin, biotin, choline, vitamins A, D and E, magnesium, potassium, phosphorous, manganese, iron, iodine, copper, zinc and Sulphur. Egg yolks are one of the few foods that contain vitamin D(Watkins, 2002). As eggs are perishable food stuff,so the purposes of present research work are to analyze the effect of oiling and packaging on shelf life of eggs at two different temperatures. For this a total of 864 eggs were collected. The four different treatments were applied along with two different temperatures. Each category was further divided into four treatment strategies (108 eggs in each strategy) i.e. eggs without any treatment, oil coated eggs, eggs packed (air-tight) in white polythene bags, oil coated eggs packed (air-tight) in white polythene bags.Eggs undergone each treatment strategy were analyzed for six parameter i.e. sensory evaluation, microbial load, Physical parameters (weight, pH, egg shell percentage and haugh unit) using 18 eggs for each further divided into three replicates (6 eggs for each replicate). All the eggs were stored for 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days.
Summary
76
Data was analyzed statistically by the 2- way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with 5% probability. Means was compared by DMR test.At the end of this study we were able to assess the shelf life of eggs with respect to their oiling, packaging and storage conditions. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2289-T] (1).
13.
Effect On Lipid Profile Parameters By The Addition Of Orange Juice In Diet Of Hypercholesterolemic Patients
by Zeshan Ali (2012-VA-616) | Dr. Naureen Naeem | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Mrs. Rahat Naseer.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Orange juice;arich source ofvitamin C,folate,andflavonoidssuchashesperidine, induceshypocholestremicresponsesinanimals.Previousepidemiologicstudiessuggestedthat ahighintakeoffruitandvegetablesisassociatedwithareducedriskofcoronary heartdisease(Borsetal.1990).Thebeneficialeffectcould berelatedtominorcomponents,especially flavonoids,whichare proposedtoexerttheiractionby inhibitingLDLoxidation (CooksandSamman1996).Orange juice might beneficially decrease blood lipid profile in subjects with hypercholesterolemia(Charleux1996).
Fiftysubjectshavingelevated totalcholesterol andLDLcholesterolincludedin thestudy.Participantswas incorporate2cups(5000mL)oforange juicedailyintotheirdiets,eachdoseoveraperiodof3 weekfollowed by a 5-weekwashoutperiod.Plasma lipid,folateandvitaminC(acompliance marker) concentrationsmeasuredat baseline,aftereach treatment, and afterthewashout period.Obtained resultswereanalyzedbyusingstatisticaltoolANOVA (two-way)onStatistical PackagefortheSocialSciences (SPSS) softwareversion 21.0.0.Attheendofthis studywewereabletoconcludethe variationin lipidprofile parametersbyorangejuiceconsumption.EitherOrangejuicecanbeusedtoimproveblood lipidprofilein hypercholesterolemicsubjects.
At the end of the study period the significantly increased HDL- cholesterol and decreased LDL-HDL cholesterol ratio had not reverted to initial values. In fact, the decrease in the LD-HDL cholesterol ratio and increased HDL- cholesterol at the time of washout tend to be higher as compared to the detected in 3rd period. Moreover it was also observed that subjects consuming processed orange juice showed different results of HDL and LDL-HDL cholesterol concentration, subjects consuming fresh orange juice had elevated level of HDL and decreased ratio of LDL-HDL ratio as compared to those who intake commercially available processed orange juice.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2309-T] (1).
14.
Association Of Skipping Breakfast With BMI, Metabolic Syndrome And Cardiovascular Risk Factors In University Going Students
by Shakeel Ashraf (2012-VA-627) | Dr. Naureen Naeem | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Mrs. Rahat Naseer.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Metabolic syndrome can be defined as disorder of energy utilization and storage, its diagnosis can be done if three out of five medical conditions occurs at the same time that are abdominal obesity, increased blood sugar level, elevated blood pressure, high serum triglyceride and low HDL levels in serum Previous studies have shown that there is strong association between skipping breakfast and metabolic syndrome.
Skipping breakfast results in metabolic diseases like obesity, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, increased lipid profile.
Two hundred students of university of veterinary and animal sciences and their acquaintances were selected with age ranging from 20-25 years. Fasting blood samples were collected from university students for biochemical analysis of lipid profile that included cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL and Glucose levels were determined using biochemical analyzer (Micro lab 300, Merk). Anthropometric measurements were done using their respective tools.
The distribution of subjects in breakfast consumption groups was evaluated using the χ2 test. The mean and standard differences deviation were calculated for each breakfast consumption group.
At the end it is concluded that skipping of breakfast might have hazardous effect on diet quality and metabolic disease risks. This can lead to development of potential hazardous risk factors like central abdominal obesity, elevated cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL levels and decreased HDL levels. These risk factors if uncontrolled can lead to disease like diabetes, hypertension and heart attack in old life. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2391-T] (1).
15.
Determination Of Heavy Metals In Beverages Sold By Roadside Vendors From Different Public Places Of Lahore
by Numan Shoukat (2009-VA-504) | Dr. Naureen Naeem | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Dr. Saima Inyat.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Food safety is serious issue now a days in Pakistan as many food borne diseases occur due to consumption of unsafe local beverages and soft drinks. Use of polluted water in locally produce beverages and juices without any treatment liable to cause diseases.
In summer beverages are commonly used to quench the thirst in Pakistan due to hot weather. Excessive use of such type of drinks cause different diseases like hypertension, gastrointestinal problem, liver and kidney failure, and also carcinogenic. So in this project, concentrations of various heavy metals including Lead, Cadmium and Iron were determined in local beverages (roadside vendors) from different public places of Lahore, Punjab Pakistan.
Total 200 samples of five different types of beverages were collected from ten different public places of Lahore. 50 samples were collected with the interval of 15 days. Sampling were repeated three times from four different road side vendors of same areas. The analyses will be carried out using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) with electro thermic atomization in graphite furnace for the determination of the total content of lead (Pb) iron (Fe) and cadmium (Cd). The concentration of the digested soft drink samples will be derived from the regression equation and the samples will analyzed in duplicates. Present study was conducted at the Department of Environmental Sciences, UVAS Lahore for the duration of four months.
The data thus obtained from this research was evaluated through descriptive statistics. And the results of concentration of lead, iron and cadmium are not significant and not according to Standards of Pakistan. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2542-T] (1).
16.
Evaluation Of Microbial Quality And Sensory Attributes Of Fresh Fruit Juices Sold At Various Places Of Lahore
by Anam Sajid (2013-VA-964) | Dr. Zubair Farooq | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Dr. Aftab Ahmed Anjum.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: The beverage industry in Pakistan has emerged as a progressive sector over the years. Juices are rich source of nutrients containing vitamins minerals but the microbial quality and sensory attributes of street vended, corners and restaurant juices is not at satisfied level. Juices squeezed from fresh fruits and vegetables contain microorganisms which are potentially hazardous to public health Therefore this study aimed to evaluate the microbial quality and sensory attributes of fresh fruit juices sold at various places of Lahore. The selling and consumption of juices are never stopped on nutritional grounds as well as livelihood of street vendors. It is alarming situation for suitable agency to take some necessary action, make guidelines to prevent potential food poisoning from juices that contain pathogenic bacteria, and find natural antimicrobials from plants that control spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in juices.
Microbial quality and sensory attributes of Street vended, corners and restaurant juices are not in good condition.
Sample of 243 juices of three types, pineapple, peach pomegranate took from three categories, collected from 9 towns of Lahore (for 1 town 9 from each flavor that makes 27 from each town). The categories were juices from Street Vender (SV), Juice Corner (JC) and Restaurants (RT). All the samples were evaluated for sensory attributes (appearance, color, smell, taste and overall acceptability) by using 15-point hedonic scale and microbiological parameters, Aerobic Plate Count (APC), Total Coliform Count (TCC), Total Staphylococcus Count (TSC) and Salmonella detection.Data was analyzed statistically by theone way ANOVA for sensory evaluation and microbial count with 5% probability. Means were compared by LSD (least significant difference) test (Steel et al.,1997).
Results of my study indicates that juice samples collected from SV of various areas of Lahore showed very high number of microbiological counts and got very low score for its sensory attributes. While samples collected from JC showed microbiological counts less than SV and sensory attributes scores more than juices from SV. This was not only due to poor hygienic quality of these juices but also places consumers at a high risk of contracting food-borne infections. Lack of sanitary conditions in street vended juice stalls and the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in juices are alarming enough for an immediate action by the suitable agency. Regular monitoring of the quality of fruit juices for human consumption must be introduced to avoid any future pathogen outbreaks. Juices took from RT revealed very low microbiological counts and very good score on hedonic scale which shows that they have good hygienic conditions. Their preparation methods and surrounding environment are clean.
At the end of this study we concluded that there was significant discrimination among the categories and the varieties of fresh fruit juice vendors as well as among the different towns. The microbial quality and sensory acceptability of fresh fruit juices sold at various locations of Lahore were not satisfied and we have to take step to make the conditions of our street vendors and juice corners better by giving them proper training about personal and environmental hygiene so that consumers can use the safe juices free from contamination.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2603-T] (1).
17.
Nutritional Assessment Of Hypertensive Patients And The Impact Of Nutrition Education On Their Dietary Practices In Contrast To Dash Diet
by Farah Naz (2012-VA-401) | Miss Tahreem Hussain | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Dr. Mamoona Chaudary.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2015Dissertation note: Hypertension is a common public health problem in developing countries. It leads to
further complications such as coronary heart disease, stroke and renal disorder. The main reason
is unawareness, poor dietary habits and worsened lifestyle in hypertensive patients. Nutritional
education at the right time may prevent other risk factors associated with hypertension.
Nutrition education have a positive impact on dietary practices of hypertensive patients
for secondary prevention.
A total of 200 hypertensive patients was purposively selected for this study. The willing
patients was informed about the purpose of study and consent was taken. The pretesting of the
hypertensive patients was administered about their usual dietary habits through questionnaire,
Food Frequency Questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall. A total of 60 hypertensive patients
came with chronic diseases so they were excluded from the Research. Lessons and handouts on
nutrition education were given to the patients for a period of four weeks (1 month). After
completion of one month of nutrition education, post-testing was administered through filling up
of the same Questionnaire, Food Frequency Questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall to assess
the improvement in dietary habits of hypertensive patients and results were calculated.
SPSS v. 21 was used for the compilation and analysis. Wilcoxon signed ranked test and
Paired t-test was applied to analyze the effectiveness of nutritional education on dietary habits of
hypertensive patients. Level of significance was p ≤ 0.05.
The present study helped to assess the effectiveness of nutrition education on improving
the knowledge and dietary practices of hypertensive patients. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2661-T] (1).
18.
Assesment Of Postprandial Glycemic Response In Healthy Human With Respect To Some Promising Indigenous Mango Varieties Of Pakistan
by Afrah Jabeen (2014-VA-911) | Mr. Haroon Jamshaid Qazi | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Dr. Sualeha Riffat.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Carbohydrates intake result in elevation of BGL. GI is a simple tool to select right carbohydrate foods while GL determines the overall effect of that food on human health. High GI/GL diets are directly associated with progression of diabetes type 2. Mango is ranked among medium glycemic index fruit with GI (51-55) and nutritionally it is rich in dietary fiber. Different mango types have different nutritional composition so it was very necessary to estimate postprandial glycemic response of various mango types to determine the possible positive impact of all varieties on overall human health.
Samples of six mango varieties were evaluated for various physico-chemical testing. About 50-gram available carbohydrate from each source i.e. glucose and six mango cultivars were provided to each study person. Later on, post prandial blood glucose of all 10 individuals with a time interval of 15 minutes was determined by finger-prick method up to 120 minutes.
ANOVA was used to analyze all assessed attributes statistically. Means were compared through Duncan’s multiple range test for significance. Significance level was defined as p≤0.0.5 SPSS version 20 was used for all statistical analysis.
Desi variety among all studied mango types reflected low GI and GL value.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2697-T] (1).
19.
Evaluation Of The Quality Of Drinking Water In District Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
by Muhammad Akram (2009-VA-458) | Dr. Zubair Farooq | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Dr. Muhammad Nawaz.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: In District Dera Ghazi Khan, water borne illnesses had been happening for quite a while
especially hepatitis, diarrhea and kidney issues were occurring because of the heavy metals in
drinking water. To this end, it is important to assess the drinking water of District Dera Ghazi
Khan. One hundred and forty-four samples of drinking water were collected from hand pump,
motor pump and tube well in three different Tehsils of District Dera Ghazi Khan. Heavy metals
like lead, nickel, manganese, copper, iron and zinc concentration in water samples were
determined utilizing Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer in the department of Environmental
Sciences UVAS, Lahore. pH was determined in the previous department; for microbial quality like
E-coli and Total Coliform in water samples were counted in University Diagnostic Laboratory
UVAS, Lahore. Data were analyzed through one-way ANOVA technique using PROC GLM in
SAS software, significant means were compared by using LSD test. Water quality with respect to
different water sources, heavy metal load remained above the recommended level set by WHO
except Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) which remained significant. Similarly, microbiology showed
25% and 15% above the WHO recommendation of fecal coliforms and E. coli respectively. In
addition, pH also remained above the WHO recommendation. Water quality regarding different
tehsils, heavy metal load remained above the recommended level set by WHO except Zinc (Zn)
and Copper (Cu) which remained significant. Similarly, microbiology showed 20% and 13%
above the WHO recommendation of fecal coliforms and E. coli respectively. In addition, pH also
remained above the WHO recommendation except in tehsil Dera Ghazi Khan.
46
6.1. Suggestion and Recommendation
On the basis of this study, it is recommended that:
Tube well water has the minimum heavy metal load so that it is healthy for human consumption.
Less chances of water borne illnesses (diarrhoea, typhoid and kidney problems) could be observed
by using the tube well water.
Future researchers should also check the level of arsenic and antimony in tube well water to
improve the quality of water for human consumption.
Same treatments should be applied in other districts to check the level of these heavy metals so
that water quality may be improved. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2806-T] (1).
20.
Effects Of Supplementation Of Zinc Sulphate And Lactobacillus Based Probiotic On Oxidative Status And Liver Health In Broilers
by Wishah Bilal (2015-VA-04) | Dr. Sajid Khan Tahir | Prof. Dr. Habib ur Rehman | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Zinc is considered as one of the essential nutrients as well as a dietary supplement required for animal metabolism. Use of probiotics enhances mucosal immunity of intestine i.e. it prevents the mucosa against the toxins formed by pathogenic microorganisms. Combined effect of zinc and probiotics may show a better response than their single effect on the oxidative status, biochemical profile and thyroid hormones in broilers. Our research was aimed to determine the single as well as combined effects of zinc and probiotic on oxidative status, liver enzymes, serum glucose, total serum proteins, thyroid hormones, urea, uric acid and creatinine levels in broilers.
A total of 192 day old broiler chicks were randomly selected and divided into six groups: Control, Zn30 (30mg Zn/ kg diet), Zn60 (60mg Zn/ kg diet), Pro (0.1g/ kg Protexin®), Com30 (30mg Zn/ kg diet + 0.1g/ kg Protexin®) and Com60 (60mg Zn/ kg diet + 0.1g/ kg Protexin®). Birds were raised under standard management conditions and were given free access to feed and water for a period of 42 days. For biochemical analysis, blood was collected in falcon tubes after slaughtering. For serum separation, blood was centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10 min and stored at ˗20˚C. The parameters that were studied included: serum catalase, MDA, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, ALT, AST, T3, T4, urea, uric acid and creatinine. Data was analyzed by applying one-way ANOVA using SPSS. Group differences were compared by Duncan Multiple Range Test and were considered significant at P<0.05.
According to our study catalase activity was found significantly lower (P<0.05) and MDA level was found significantly higher (P<0.05) in the control group as compared to the supplemented groups. The birds fed with a combination of zinc (60 mg/kg) and protexin showed highest (P<0.05) catalase activity and lowest (P<0.05) MDA level in comparison to other supplemented groups. A significant increase (P<0.05) in serum proteins was obseved with all the supplementations in comparison to the control group. Only the combination of zinc (30 mg/kg) and protexin did not show the expected result. In our research we found that protexin significantly increased (P<0.05) serum T3 level as compared to other supplemented groups while zinc (30 mg/kg) showed significantly lower (P<0.05) serum T3 level than the control group. On the other hand, serum T4 concentration significantly increased (P<0.05) with both zinc (60 mg/kg diet) and its combination with protexin. Our research depicted that combination of zinc (60mg/kg diet) and protexin significantly increased (P<0.05) urea while both the combinations showed significantly increased (P<0.05) uric acid and (P<0.05) decreased creatinine concentrations in serum. There was no significant (P<0.05) change in serum glucose, ALT and AST concentrations in birds given zinc and probiotic supplementations.
It can be concluded that protexin and zinc supplementations are beneficial in improving biochemical parameters of broilers, yet their synergistic effects need to be studied further.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2802-T] (1).
21.
Effect Of Supplementation Of Probiotic And Phytase Alone And In Combination On The Oxidative Status And Serum Lipid Profile In Japanese Quails
by Mubarka Bano (2015-VA-590) | Dr. Sajid Khan Tahir | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Phytase is an enzyme that releases phosphorous from phytate molecule improving the bioavailability of dietary nutrients. Also improves the oxidative status and lower’s serum cholesterol level. Probiotics are live microorganisms given in the diet as a growth promoter. They effect serum lipid profile as well as act as antioxidant. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic and bacterial phytase alone and in combination on serum lipid profile and oxidant and anti-oxidant status of blood, muscle and tissue in Japanese quails.
Two hundred one day old quail chicks were randomly divided into four groups (n=5) with five replicates (n=10). Group-I was fed only basal diet (BD) and named as control group, Group-II was given BD + 0.1% Bacillus cereus. Group-III was given BD+ 0.01% microbial phytase; Group IV was given BD + 0.01% phytase + 0.1% probiotic. On day 28, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered for blood and tissue collection. The parameters to be studied were oxidant and anti-oxidant level in whole blood, muscle and tissue (liver and kidney), Serum lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL and LDL).
Serum total cholesterol concentration was not affected by supplementation. However triglyceride and high density lipoprotein in serum were significantly (P<0.05) affected. Our supplementation causes reduction in triglycerides and increase in high density lipoprotein.
The activity of MDA and catalase in serum and liver tissue was affected significantly (P<0.05), MDA level was reduced and catalase level was increased by supplementation. However our supplementation remained ineffective in muscle MDA and catalase.
Data were presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed by one way-ANOVA technique using SPSS. Group differences were compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at P<0.05.
The present study concluded that probiotic and phytase had shown beneficial effect on lipid profile and oxidative status in Japanese quails. However their synergistic effect was more effective.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2842-T] (1).
22.
Characterization And Physicochemical Optimization Of Phytases Produced By Indigenous Isolates Of Lactobacillus SPP.
by Aanisa Arif (2011-VA-424) | Dr. Muhammad Nawaz | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Phytate is one of the major organic storage forms of phosphorous of phosphorus in
seeds, cereal, oil and legume; in nature about 75%-80% of total phosphorus is available in
this form. Phosphorus is stored in roots and in seeds and cereals as phytate. Phytases are
responsible for breakdown of phytic acid (phytate) into inorganic monophosphates and
free myo- inositol. Phytases are a class of phophatases which hydrolyze phytic acid into
inorganic phosphate and myo inositol or less phosphorylated phosphates. Monogasteric
animal like poultry, human and fish lack phytase due to which they cannot derive
phosphate from phytate and phosphorus is unavailable to them.
So, present study is designed as a first step in a multi-step project to develop
indigenous phytase producing probiotic lactobacilli from different sources, the
optimization of phytase production and effect of physical & chemical factors on the
phytase stability and activity. Lactobacillus isolated from poultry was checked for phytase
production on Phytase screening media (PSM). Enzyme from the isolates showing activity
were quantified by ammonium molybadate method, the enzyme production were
optimized at different physical and chemical parameters such as temperature (30, 35 &
42°C), pH (4,5,6,7 & 8), osmotic pressure (1%,2% and 4%), aerobic/anaerobic conditions,
carbon (glucose, lactose, sucrose), nitrogen sources (peptone, tryptone & urea) and bile
salts (0.3%,1% and 2). Enzyme was partially purified and characterized by SDS-PAGE.
In present study 20 samples of poultry droppings (SP01-SP10) and fermented food (SY01-
SY10) were processed for isolation of lactobacilli. A total of 90 isolates (PDP01-PDP45;
FYP01-FYP45) were selected from MRS plates. Isolates were preliminary confirmed as
Gram positive rods with Catalase negative. All isolates were further purified and stored in
MRS broth supplemented with 15% glycerol at -20oC. Purified lactobacilli isolates were
screened for phytase production on phytase screening medium and zone o f hydrolysis was
Summary
77
measured in mm. Out of total of 90 isolates 62 isolates showed phytate hydrolysis. Out of
62 isolates, 16 were selected on the basis of retention of hydrolysis zone after cobalt
chloride staining. Out of 16 selected isolates, eight isolates PDP05, PDP09, PDP10,
PDP16, PDP23,PDP24, PDP30 and PDP35 were of poultry origin and eight FYP12,
FYP15, FYP17, FYP21, FYP26, FYP31, FYP38 and FYP42 were of fermented foods.
Selected isolates and retention of their zone of hydrolysis after cobalt chloride staining are
given in table 4.4. Phytase activity of selected lactobacilli isolates was checked in
modified MRS broth containing 0.2% sodium phytate at 37°C after 24 hrs. Cell free
supernatant was used as crude source of enzyme. Enzyme activity was determined by
using ammonium molybadate method. Amplification and sequencing of 16Sr DNA
(≈1500bp) was done by using universal primers which revealed PDP10, PDP24 and
FYP38 had >99% similarity with Lactobacillus gallinarum, Lactobacillus reutri and
Lactobacillus fermentum respectively with GenBank accession no. MF980924,
MF980925 and MF980923 respectively.
Phytase production by lactobacilli was optimized at different parameters e.g.
temperature (30, 35 and 42°C), pH (4, 5, 6, 7 and 8), osmotic pressure 1%, 2% and 4%.
The effect of oxygen was determined by growing lactobacilli isolates in aerobic and
anaerobic conditions followed by measuring enzyme activity. PDP10, PDP24 and FYP38
showed the best activity at 35°C (6.86 ± 0.15 IU/ml, 5.12 ± 0.12 IU/ml and 5.65 ± 0.13
IU/ml respectively) at pH 5 (6.86 ± 0.15 IU/ml, 5.12 ± 0.12IU/ml and 5.50 ± 0.13 IU/ml
respectively). Maximum phytase activity was recorded at 1% NaCl 4.78 ± 0.14, 4.18 ±
0.13 and 5.58 ± 0.12 IU/ml respectively) whereas anaerobic conditions were favourable for
the production of phytase by selected isolates.
Effect of carbon, nitrogen sources and bile salts was determined by growing
isolates MRS broth (0.2% sodium phytate) modified with different carbon (glucose,
Summary
78
lactose, sucrose) and nitrogen sources (peptone, tryptone and urea) and bile salts (0.3% ,
1% and 2%) followed by measuring enzyme activity. In this study isolates PDP10, PDP24
and FYP38 exhibited maximum phytase activity in the presence of 2% glucose as
compared to other carbon sources lactose and sucrose (4.36 ± 0.11, 4.38 ± 0.18 and 5.01 ±
0.15 IU/ml respectively). Present study revealed 0.1 % peptone as an optimal source of
nitrogen for PDP10 and PDP24 (4.54 ± 0.13 and 4.23 ± 0.19 IU/ml respectively) while
FYP38 (4.56 ± 0.14 IU/ml) showed best result in presence of 0.1% tryptone. All the
isolates showed maximum phytase activity at 0.3% bile salt concentration as compared to
1% and 2% concentration. Enzyme activity of phytase obtained from PDP10 was not
varied while treating it at different pH (4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) at different intervals of time.
Enzyme activity of phytase obtained from PDP24 was lower at pH 8 for 15, 30, 45 and
60min (3.41± 0.10, 3.40 ± 0.09, 3.42 ± 0.08 and 3.41 ± 0.11IU/ml respectively). Enzyme
activity of phytase obtained from FYP38 was lower down from pH 7 to 8 for 15, 30, 45
and 60min (4.41 ± 0.09, 4.42 ± 0.11, 4.43 ± 0.10, 4.41 ± 0.12 IU/ml respectively) & (4.40
± 0.09, 4.31 ± 0.11, 4.33 ±0.10 and 4.34 ± 0.12 respectively). Enzyme activity was
inhibited at 1mM and 5mM concentrations of Ca2+ while metal ions like Mg2+ and Na2+
addition stimulated the phytase activity. Approximate molecular weight of extracellular
protein precipitated from the cell free supernatant of PDP10, PDP24 and FYP38 was
~50kDa. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2895-T] (1).
23.
Phytoremediation Of Water By Using Moringa Oliefera Seed Powder And Coriander Leaves
by Zeerak Hassan (2015-VA-1108) | Dr. Waqas Ahmed | Dr. Sana.ullah Iqbal | Dr. Ali Ahmed.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Phytoremediation is an innovative technique to purify water. It is major leap forward to solve drinking water safety issue. Use of plants and plant derived products can be more effective and economical than any other chemical methods. Plants are easily available and cause no side effects in water during purification.
Moringa oleifera, has already been reported as antimicrobial and dust removing agent in water. Its extract and powder form when dissolved in water kill bacteria and settles down with the dust at the bottom. Turbidity is easily cleared with moringa seed extract and powder. It is a natural dust remover which has already been proved. Other potential herb for water purification is coriander. Coriander (Coriandrumsativum) is one of the most widely used herbs in the world, it is easily available and it can grow anywhere. Coriander leaves or Cilantro have such an anatomy of cells which helps it to act as bio-sorbent; it efficiently removes metal from water. It has shown promising results so far on small scale and wide scale research is in progress regarding its use on large scale.
In this research plants and extracts from plant source were used as water purifier. Water sample was contaminated with all the potential contaminants in the laboratory. Those contaminants were, coliforms, metals and dust particles. After that water quality tests was performed on the contaminated water and level of contamination was noted.
Coliform contaminated water wastreated with moringa seed powder. It was incubated so that moringa could show his effect on the growth of coliforms. Water quality tests were performed on purified water and its level of contamination wasnoted. Heavy metal contaminated water was treated with coriander leave coated with moringa seed. Same water quality tests were performed before and after treatment and significant changes were observed.
Result for contamination level of pre and post treatment was compared in a tabular form to checked effectiveness of the treatment. Moringa and cilantro are expected to remove or reduce the microbial load and chemical from the water respectively. Results had shown that both these plants have potential to purify water by reducing amount of microbes and metals. Water quality can be improve by using both these plants. Results are very much positive further study and research will reveal more potential of both these plants to improve quality of water.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2921-T] (1).
24.
Effect Of Camel Milk Lactoferrin Against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatic Toxicity In Sprague Dawely Rats
by Nasreen Asghar (2014-VA-546) | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Prof. Dr. Abu Saeed Hashmi.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Liver is a vital organ involved in regulation of several significant metabolic functions and is responsible for maintaining homeostasis of the body as well as detoxification of chemicals, drugs and other metabolites Chronic Hepatitis and mortality due to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is common in Pakistan. Camel milk Lactoferrin has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic properties. Liver cirrhosis is a serious and irreversible disease. it is common in Pakistan population which leads to mortality (Khan AA, 1995). (Anderson and Smith, 2001).These problems can be controlled by taking special measures. Nutraceutical foods like camel milk have many beneficial uses in this regard. Camel milk lactoferrin might be used for the cure of hepatic fibrosis induced by CCI4 in Sprague Dawely rats. Seventy five (75) male Sprague –Dawley rats were purchased from National Institute of Health Islamabad kept in animal house of UVAS Lahore and randomly divided into 5 groups under completely randomize design (CRD). In group (2-5) carbon tetrachloride (CC14) was subcutaneously injected with a mixture of 40% CCI4 (a mixture of pure CC14 and sterile olive oil) at 200 uL/100g body weight as single dose, 48 hrs before the starting of treatment or 0 day. After 48 hrs, rats were considered hepatic injured except the (+ve) control group. Among all groups, four groups –ve control, 30mg/kg/b.wt, 60mg/kg/b.wt and 90mg/kg/b.wt were supplied with standard diet plus Lactoferrin (in different concentrations and doses) orally, while control group were provided only standard diet throughout the efficacy study (30 days). Daily feed and water intake was monitored and cages were cleaned regularly. Body weight was recorded before decapitation throughout the experimental period. The efficacy studies
data was analyzed through analysis of variance (ANOVA).Statistical significance was defined as P≤0.05.Means were compared for significance difference using Duncan‟s Multiple Range test (DMRt) and Least significance difference test (LSDt).
Organ to body weight ratio and decreasing tendency in (-ve) control group was observed, while increasing tendency for body weight was observed in camel milk lactoferrin treatments groups during the study. In the present investigations, higher amount of transaminases (AST,ALT) and cholestatic liver enzyme (ALP) were observed however, their concentrations were significantly decreased significantly in camel milk lactoferrin treatments as compared to rising trend in (-ve) control group.
Hypercholesterolemia is due to of oxidative stress induced by CCl4 and characterized by elevated levels of cholesterol .In the present research, it is concluded that camel milk lactoferrin treatments were effective in improving lipid profile.it is also obvious from the current results that camel milk lactoferrin treatments improved the hemoglobin (Hb) level although the effect was found non-significant .Likewise , results of present study also suggested that different treatments, time interval and their interaction had non-significant effects on white blood cells count in rats.
Histopathology results of present study given exposed that CCl4 consequences prominent hepatic steatosis, hepatic cord rupture and necrosis .Post treatment of camel milk lactoferrin reduced the severity of CCl4 –induced liver intoxication. Fatty change and necrosis were improved in the histological sections of camel milk post-treated rats.(-ve) control group treated with CCl4 and basal diet showed severe hepatotoxicity, severe inflammation of hepatocytes and portal vein congestion, while group C and D treated
with CCl4 ,basal diet and 30mg/kg/b.wt ,60 mg/kg/b.wt camel milk lactoferrin respectively showed moderate improvement in hepatotoxicity .group E treated with CCl4 and 90 mg/kg/b.wt lactoferrin showed mild hepatotoxicity in rats. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2943-T] (1).
