1.
Detection And Chemotherapy Of Sub Clinical Mastitis In Dairy Catlle And Buffaloes
by Muhammad Jamil | Dr.Jawaria Ali Khan | Dr.Muhammad Iqbal | Prof.Dr.Muham | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: The aim of this study was to detect subclinical mastitis in bovine and to find out the most appropriate antibiotic for its treatment. For this purpose, Milk samples were taken aseptically from 500 apparently healthy animals (n= 250 cattle and n= 250 buffaloes) for screening tests. Two different tests, Surf Mastitis Test (SMT) and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) were used. Milk samples declared positive by both of the above mentioned tests, were subjected to culture sensitivity test. Six different antibiotics were evaluated i.e. Enrofloxacin, Norfioxacin, Amoxicillin, Oxytetracycline, Gentamicin and penicillin G. On the basis of sensitivity test; two topmost drugs were selected and be given to two equal groups of animals. Each group was comprised of equal number of cattle and buffaloes. Each antibiotic was given for 5 days as intramuscular (IM) injection. A positive and a negative control groups were also kept. To detect the in-vivo efficacy of antibiotic, again the milk samples of all the groups were examined by SMT and SCC on day 10 and day 20 of first injection. The results obtained were the following;
Sub clinical mastitis was found 42.8% in cattle and 37.6% in buffaloes. Out of
the total of 201 mastitis positive milk samples cultured, bacterial growth occurred in
98 (48.75%) of milk samples. The various bacterial species isolated from milk
samples of cattle and buffaloes were E. coli Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Proteus,
Kiebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Pasteurella with overall percentage of 50 %, 17.34 %,
3.06 %, 12.24%, 10.20%, 2.04% and 5.10 % respectively.
The in vitro efficacy of Enrofloxacin was found to be the best one i.e. 77.55 % followed by Norfioxacin (67.34 %), Gentamicin (53.06 %), Oxytetracyclin (30.61 %), Amoxicillin (22.44 %) and Penicillin G (4.08 %).
After chemotherapy, there was significant difference between treatment groups and control groups (P<0.05). The difference in the efficacy of enrofloxacin and norfioxacin was statistically non significant (P>0.05), however mathematically, the recovery rate by enrofloxacin was greater (93.75%) then norfioxacin (87.50%). Recovery rate was more at day 20 for both antibiotics.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1008,T] (1).
2.
Comparision Of Mineral Profile In Lactating And Non-Lactating Nilli-Ravi Buffalo
by Mohammad Akram | Prof. Dr. Saghir Ahmed Jafri | Dr. Muhammad Iqbal | Prof. Dr. Rashid | Faculty of Biosciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Nih Ravi is the well established breed of buffalo in Punjab. There are about 140 million buffaloes in the World out of which the largest buffalo population is in India, China and Pakistan. It is a multipurpose animal and fulfils milk and meat demand of mankind. In Pakistan it contributes about 74% of total milk yield. The annual rate of increase in buffalo population is 2.5% and increase in milk production is 3.5% in India and Pakistan. To fulfil the increasing demand of milk and meat, there is an immense need to improve the health status and production potentials of dairy animals. This can he achieved only if we are abreast with physiological norms, the disturbance of which lowers productivity. There are numerous problems of health, reproduction and milk production of Nih Ravi buffalo. Despite this very little information is available on blood chemistry of buffalo belonging to different agro-clirnatic conditions. There are various factors which play important role in their rate of production and minerals are one of those factors. Imbalances of minerals, produces deterimental effect on the performance of livestock e.g. Mineral imbalances lead to syndromes manifested in form of retarded growth, low production, late maturity, wasting disease, non infectious abortion, infertility, silent heat, retained placenta, dystokia and prolapse of vagina and uterus. To cope with the situation more research is required on the subject to locate the extent of mineral imbalances. The conclusive results will produce direct or indirect effect on the production and reproductive performance of livestock. The study is therefore planned to find out the serum mineral profile of lactating and non lactating buffaloes from different areas of Punjab and the effect of stage and number of lactation on mineral profile and to find the correlation of serum mineral profile with prolapse of vagina and uterus.
To determine the mineral profile in lactating and non lactating Nih Ravi buffaloes 200 blood samples were collected from Okara, Jhelum and Lahore/Sheikhupura. The serum was separated from blood by centrifugation. Serum was analyzed for sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron on spectrophotometer. The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis by using analysis of variance and the differences in means were tested by using (L.S.D. test) least significant diference test.
The mean values of serum mineral in lactating and non lactating buffaloes on overall basis were subjected to statistical analysis and found non significant differences. However serum magnesium levels were found to be significant in lactating and non lactating buffaloes.
The means values of serum minerals in buffaloes of various districts were subjected to statistical analysis by using analysis of variance and L.S.D. test and significant differences were found between districts (P <0.05) for sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron, while non significant differences were found for calcium and chloride (P>0.05).
The mean values of serum mineral in lactating and non lactating buffaloes on the basis of lactation number were subjected to analysis of variance and L.S.D. test and found non significant differences for serum sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium and iron, while serum phosphorus showed singificant differences on the basis of lactation numbers and stage of lactations.
The differences in the mean values of serum sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium and phosphorus were found to be significant. While calcium and iron showed non significant differences within distircts.
The serum sodium showed deficiency in Lahore/Sheikhupura district while serum potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium and iron values were found in normal range in all districts. However serum phosphorus level were slightly higher in buffaloes of all the districts.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1131,T] (1).
3.
Bang-e-Dara
by Dr.Muhammad Iqbal.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Pakistan: Sang-e-meel, 2011Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 891.4391 Iqbal 29386 1st 2011 Poetry] (1).
4.
Uterine Microbial Frlora Of Nili Ravi Buffalo During Estrus And Its Relationship With Pregnancy Rate
by Sohail Raza | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Dr. Ali Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Iqbal.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: The low conception rate has been reported as one of the major cause of poor productivity of livestock. Beside other reasons, presence of different types of microflora inside the uterus of breeding animals, play a key role in the failure of pregnancy. All these microbes results in the infection of uterus ultimately affecting drastically the animal's conception rate. To study the impact of microbial flora on conception rate, 50 Nili Ravi buffalos were selected from Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki. The breeding animals in heat just before artificial insemination were used to collect bacterial samples with the help of especially prepared and sterilized AI rod with some accessories. The samples were processed for the identification of bacterial microflora by doing number of conventional tests for final characterization. In this study seven different bacterial isolates were identified from all the samples. These include: Escherichia coli, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Citrobacter species, Proteus species, Lactbacillus species, and Micrococcus species. After elapse of proper period of time the pregnancy statuses of all these buffaloes were determined and correlated with the presence or absence of isolated microbes. The results indicated that Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolates were the most prominent bacteria in all the samples collected from pregnant, non pregnant and aborted animals. These two isolates could be designated as normal uterine microbial flora of Nili-Ravi buffaloes because of their presence during all the physical and pathological conditions. Proteus species and Micrococcus species were mostly isolated in pregnant animals. Statistical analysis also confirmed the above statement. Previous reports corroborate the present study and confirm that these bacteria are ranked as normal uterine microbial flora of bovines. So the previous study and present results confirm that both are the normal uterine microbial flora of pregnant Nili-Ravi buffaloes In the present study the prevalence of the Citrobacter spp. only in the aborted animals is supported by the previous studies which show that Citrobacter spp. Is only present in the diseased animals and it also cause the sporadic abortion. Statistical analysis of the data also proved the significance of Citrobacter spp. in aborted animals. So this concludes that Citrobacter spp. are the abnormal uterine microbial flora of Nili-Ravi buffaloes in Pakistan which leads to abortion. The present study has been able us to find the normal and the abnormal uterine microbial flora of Nili-Ravi buffaloes. This information will help to understand the infection process in breeding buffaloes and through corrective actions may decrease the infection rate / abortion rate in Nili-Ravi buffaloes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1306,T] (1).
