1.
Prevalence Of Soil Borne Helmithiasis Of Zoonotic Importance In Dogs
by Muhammad Tayyab Farooqi | Prf.Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr.Irshad | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2008Dissertation note: To record the prevalence of soil borne helminthiasis of zoonotic importance in dogs' one hundred faecal samples were obtained from pet dogs, fifty from pups of age less than six months and fifty from adult dogs. Four hundred soil samples along with grass were also be collected from different dog kennels, parks and playgrounds, backyards and streets of Lahore city, where soil and grass is contaminated with the faeces of stray dogs. After collection, the faecal samples were preserved in polythene bags and kept in refrigerator or preserved in 10 % formalin to avoid any other contamination of the samples. Then the samples were brought to the Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Parasitology University of Veterinary & Animals Sciences, Lahore. Microscopic examination was performed by using different parasitological techniques like Direct Smear Method, Floatation Method and Sedimentation Method for the detection of the parasite ova. Grass Samples were examined through Sedimentation-Flotation Method. The results were analyzed by using chi2 test to check the significance difference of the ova in soil samples of different areas. the result showed that out of 400 soil and grass samples 33 were positive for Ancylostoma caninum, 37 were positive for Toxocara canis, 29 were positive for Dipylidium caninum and 19 were positive for Echinococcus granulosis and out of 100 faecal samples taken from pups and adult dogs, 10 were positive for Ancylo stoma caninum, 13 were positive for Toxocara canis, 8 were positive for Diplyidium caninum and 6 were positive for Echinococcus granulosis. The results suggested that better deworming stragies shold be adopted so that the health of the dogs can be improved and this will also reduce the reisk of zoonotic infectin in humans, entry of the stray dogs in public areas should be restricted to avoid the risk of zoonotic diseases.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1019,T] (1).
2.
Effects Of Stress Folowing Vaccination (Avinew) Against Newcastle Disease In Broilers
by Asaf Jamal Khan, Major M | Dr.Asim Aslam | Dr.Irshad | Dr.Sohail Akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: This experiment was designed to find out the degree of stress and immune status in response to vaccination (Avinew) against ND and also to know the effects of two therapeutic agents, i.e. multivitaminsand aspirin, on efficacy of the vaccine. One hundred and sixty day old broiler chicks were divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D, each group having 40 birds. Group A was kept as control, B was vaccinated but non-medicated, group C was given multivitamins alongwith vaccine for 3 post-vaccination days and group D was treated with aspirin for 3 post-vaccination days. Blood samples were collected on days 1st, 14th, 28th and 42nd for detection of antibody titer against NDV. Blood samples were collected from 10 randomly selected birds of each group after 24, 48 and 72 hours of vaccination for study of heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and estimation of serum biochemical substances (protein, glucose and cholesterol). On 42nd day of the experiment, adrenal glands of 10 randomly selected birds from each group were examined for adrenal/body weight ratio and gross/histopathological lesions. At the end of the experiment the economics of the flocks was also calculated. "AVINEW" (freezed dried live VG/GA vaccine) against Newcastle disease, activated the immune response of the chicks without any significant stress. It provided a reasonable and persistent antibody titer. Multivitamins supplementation showed immuno-potentiating effect and also positive trend in growth traits. The effect of aspirin on immune response and weight gain was variable.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0674,T] (1).
3.
Molecular Detection Of Programmed Cell Death (Apoptosis In Fresh And Cryopreserved Buffalo Sper Matozoa)
by Daulat Raheem Khan | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Dr. Irshad | Dr. Muhammad Amir Saeed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: The objectives of present study were a) to validate annexin V/Pl assay, for buffalo sperm, using graded doses of camptothecin through fluorescent microscopy (Exp. 1) and b) to determine the effect of stages of cryopreservation on apoptosis (PS externalization, using annexin V/PT assay), motility and plasma membrane integrity in buffalo sperm (Exp.2). In the first experiment graded doses of camptothecin were used (n=2) in different aliquots of sperm suspension (1x106/mL) for induction of apoptosis. Higher dose levels of camptothecin (10.0 iM and 20 jiM) resulted in inducing apoptosis (P<O.05) compared to the lower (5tM) dose or control. In the second experiment semen samples (n=9, from three bulls) were cryopreserved using vapor freezing. Annexin V/PI assay for apoptosis, visual assessment for percentage motility and hypo-osmotic swelling test for plasma membrane integrity were employed at various stages of cryopreservation (i.e. fresh, after equilibration and post thaw). The mean percentage of apoptotic, necrotic and viable sperm did not differ between fresh and after equilibration stages. However, freezing and thawing increased (P<0.05) the percentage of apoptotic sperm (25.4±0.6 vs. 36.5±1 .9) while decreased (P<0.05) the necrotic (29.7±0.7 vs. 35.1±1.2) and viable sperm (37.2±1.3 vs. 32.8±1.9, (P<0.07). Similarly, freezing and thawing decreased (P<0.05) the mean percentage motility and plasma membrane integrity, compared to other stages. Based upon the difference in initial and post thaw values of two variables (percent motility and percent apoptosis) it is concluded that apoptosis contributes more than 50% sperm motility loss during the process of freezing and thawing in buffalo.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0933,T] (1).
4.
Comparative Efficacy Of Different Prophylactic & Curative Measures Against Caecal Coccidiosis In Poultry
by Muhammad Imran Rashid | Dr. H. A. Hashmi | Dr. Irshad | Mr. Wasim Shehzad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: To find out the therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of toltrazuril against coccidiosis, an experiment was conducted in the Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
One hundred and sixty (160) day old chicks were divided into 8 groups, i-e, A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H each consisting of 20 chicks. Group A acted as non-infected and non-medicated control, B was infected with Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts on day 16 and 26 @ 20000 per chick and acted as infected control. Similarly, all other members of different groups were also infected at the same rate. Members of Group C were administered toltrazuril orally in drinking water @ 7 mg/ kg body weight on day 18 & 19 and 25 & 26. Members of Group D were given toltrazuril @ 3.5 mg/kg body weight, of Group E @ 1.75 mg/kg as in group C & D, of Group F toltrazuril was given as prophylactic @ 7mg/kg on day 3 & 10. Members of Groups G & H were given irradiated (IEV) and formalized (FEV-48) Eimeria tenella vaccines respectively. IEV was orally given on day 3 & 10 whereas FEV was only given on day 10 of age.
The result indicated that maximum reduction of OPG counts (94.28 %) occurred in members of group D which was given half the dose (3.5 mg/kg) of toltrazuril, Group E (Administered quarter dose) was placed at no.2 and the reduction in this Group occurred as 93.71 %. The group G (IEV immunized) was placed at no. 3 by reducing 89.71 % mean OPG counts as compared to control Group B.
In terms of reduction of OPG counts other Groups were placed at no.4 (Group F given full dose prophylactic), no.5 (Group H immunized with FEV-48) and Group C showed the poorest performance (63.42 %) which was given full dose was placed at no. 6.
In terms of Mean body weight gains as compared to control (healthy) Group A, Group D was placed at no.1, Group E at no.2, Group G at no.3, Group C at no. 4 Group F at no.5, Group H at no.6 and Group B which acted as infected and non-medicated was placed at no.7. Ultimately, it was concluded that toltrazuril @ 3.50 mg/kg or immunization with IEV (irradiated vaccine) would be the best solution to the coccidiosis problem
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0941,T] (1).
5.
Detection And Taxonomy Of Dust Mites In The City Of Lahore With Special Reference To Allergic Manifestation
by Muhammad Tanveer Khan | Dr.Kamran Ashraf | Dr.Irshad | Mr.Awais Anees | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: The most important allergy causing mites found worldwide in houses are the house dust mite's i.e. D. farinae & D. pteronyssinus and most houses contain multiple species. The geographical distributions of mite species are vary between houses within a geographical region and among different areas. Therefore it is need to know the exact prevalence of species in a particular area when diagnostic testing is performing and prescribing immunotherapy. Among environmental factors, temperature and humidity play a key role for the survival as well as prevalence of house dust mites. The most favorite place for the better survival of house dust mites is houses belong to the humid geographical areas.
In this study, 1280 dust samples from carpet, bedroom mattress, sofa and floor of total 64 houses from posh area and old city area from May to August, 2007, were collected and two examination procedures were selected (Acarex Strips Test and Direct Microscopic Examination). 320 dust samples (160 posh area and 160 old city area) were detected with Acarex Strips Test and remaining dust samples were examined by using the direct microscopy.
In the present study, the overall occurrence of house dust mites in dust samples of carpet, bedroom mattress, sofa and floor was recorded as 22.5% (9), 22.5% (9), 20% (8) and 10% (4) respectively from posh area by using the Acarex strips test from May to August, 2007, at Lahore. Similarly from old city area, the overall occurrence of dust mites from house dust samples of carpet, bedroom mattress, sofa and floor was reported as 27.5% (11), 30% (12), 22.5% (9) and 15% (6) respectively.
Direct microscopy was performed for remaining 960 (240 carpet, 240 bedroom mattress, 240 sofa and 240 floor) dust samples to examine the occurrence and taxonomy of house dust mites. Among 26.3% (63) positive dust samples of carpet 63.5% (40) were found positive for D. farinae and 36.5% (23) for D. pteronyssinus. Total 28.8% (69) bedroom mattress dust samples were found positive for house dust mites but 74.9% (51) and 26%
(18) dust samples were containing D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus species respectively.
Among 17% (41) positive dust samples of sofa, 61% (25) were containing 13. farinae and
39% (16) D. pteronyssinus. Out of 11.7% (28) positive dust samples of floor for house dust mites, 68% (19) were examined positive for D. farinae and 32% (9) for D. pteronyssinus.
The high occurrence of house dust mites were seen during May, June, July, and August 2007. During May, 2007, there was not so highly occurrence of house dust mites observed as compare to other three months (June, July and August, 2007). From late June rainy season (monsoon) was started and high moisture remains in the environment to late August. These environmental conditions have direct impact on the population of house dust mites.
From previous study, it was suggested that two species (D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus) occur in the area of Lahore, Pakistan. The highly prevalent specie in the house dust samples of carpet, bedroom mattress, sofa and floor was reported D. farinae as compare to D. pteronyssinus.
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