1.
Ecology And Population Of Waterbirds Of A Ramsar Site Along Makran Coastal Wetlands Complex Pakistan
by Fehmeeda Bibi | Dr.Zulfiqar Ali | Dr.Muhammad Mahmood-ul-Hassan.
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Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: AWetlands are valuable ecosystems that occupy about 6% of the world's land surface. Natural wetlands in Pakistan covering approximately 10% of the total land area of the country. Waterbirds depend on wetlands for a variety of activities which include feeding, breeding, nesting and moulting.
This study was undertaken to identify and analyzed the ecology and population of waterbirds. Jiwani Coastal Wetlands is internationally well known wetlands and declared as Ramsar Site on 5th October, 2001. Located along Gawater Bay arround the delta of the Dasht River, a very significant area of mangrove forests extending westward to the Iranian frontier, contiguous with Iran's Gawater Bay and Hur-e-Bahu Ramsar site. From December, 2007 to December, 2008 study was conducted to observe the ecology and population of waterbirds in the study area. During one year, number of birds species recorded was 112; representing 16 orders and 38 families recorded from the 4600 hectare area of the Jiwani Coastal Wetlands. Status and seasonal occurrence of birds was also studied, total count was 15,469 that comprise 53 species as common, 10 rare, 31 scarce, 17 abundant and status of one species was unknown. According to seasonal occurrence of waterbirds at Jiwani Coastal Wetlands, 79 species were exclusively as visitor and 33 were resident. Out of 79 visitor species, 54 species were winter visitor, 11 summer visitor, 10 were irregular year round visitor, and three species were vagrant. Maximum number of species recorded from order Chadriiformes were 34 while in Passeriformes were 30; number of species belongs to order Phoenicopteriformes, Falconiformes, Piciformes, Psittaciformes and Upupiformes recorded equal in numbers; one species in each order
Relative abundance, Census Index and Shannon Weiner Diversity Index were found for recorded bird data and compared with previous studies. Relatively abundant species were Eurasian Coot Fulica atra (0.1577), Common Teal Anas crecca (0.0645), Herring Gull Larus cachinnans (0.06 15), Eurasian Oyster Catcher Haematopus ostralegus (0.0606) and Shoveler Anas clypeata (0.0511) respectively while in previous study Dalmatian Pelican Felicanus crispus (14.037), Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus rubber (14.014), Herring Gull Larus cachinnans (11.487) Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus (3.046), Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis (0.24) respectively. Density of birds also recorded in this study which was 3.36 per bird per hectare; in comparison to previous study this value was 5.43 per birds per hectare that was slightly higher. Shannon Weiner Diversity Index value of the 112 species of waterbirds was 0.253 while in previous it was 0.236 that is slightly lowers. Population of birds was significantly higher in the present study total birds population was 15,469 and in previous study it was 8,862. Yet the number of species was 125 in past and 112 in present study. Identified threats for decline in number of species were exploitation of natural habitat, fishing, cultivation, illegal hunting, deforestation, urbanization and due to global warming.
Hence there is a strong need to restore, conserve and preserve these existing wetlands to maintain and improve the distribution, diversity, and abundance of populations and habitats of breeding, migratory, and nonbreeding waterbirds throught the lands and waters of the Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1059,T] (1).
2.
Ecology Population And Conservativation Of Migratory Birds At Taunsa Barrage Punjab Pakistan
by Qazi Adnan Ahmad | Dr.Zulfiqar Ali | Dr.Muhammad Mahmood -ul-Hassan.
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Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: In the present survey, census data of avian diversity and threats to them recorded from March to May, 2009 at Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary. The avian diversity was estimated by direct physical counts by using binocular and spotting scope. The photographs besides the coordinates of the different localities of Taunsa Banage Wildlife Sanctuary during this study were noted. Different birds were identified on the basis of birds' identification guides. Indirect observations were taken by the meetings held with the local community. After these meetings threats due to human interference with the avifauna of the selected site were found.
In recent studies, total 108 species of birds were recorded, which belongs to 45 lamilies of the birds. Among them family Ardeidae remained dominant in bird populatoii while Sylviidae was the family, which had greater bird species to the site. 1hc family Oriolidae has only one bird species.
Out of 108 species, 65 were resident, 7 were breeding resident, 34 were winter visitor and only 2 'ere summer. The most critical threat facing the birds is the destruction and 1iumentation of habitat. Fishing activities and illegal hunting by local people re also the major threats to the avifauna (migratory as well as resident).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1081,T] (1).
3.
Status Of Wild Life Close To Indian Border Area At Ravi Siphon, Pakistan
by Muhammad Asif Munir | Dr. Zulfiqar Ali | Dr. Muhammad Mahmood-ul-Hassan.
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Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The proposed study was carried out at Ravi Siphon area in Sheikhupura district near Lahore, Punjab, which is an important site along the Indian Border. In this study, main emphasis was given on the population dynamics of birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles in relation to the wetland characteristics particularly different types of riverine habitats, different seasons (summer, winter), relationship between different species of animals, seasonal changes, species identification, census of biodiversity and their population assessment. In addition, natural flora of the site was also recorded. Wildlife is an excellent indicator of the overall health of an ecosystem. On this research identification of nature and severity of problems being faced by biodiversity was identified and concluded as recommendation for the welfare of our wildlife to declare the site as a protected area.
Waterbirds depend on Ravi Siphon wetland for a variety of activities which include feeding, breeding, nesting and moulting. The highest number of waterbirds is often found in wetlands which have the greatest diversity of plant species and vegetation types, or where there is permanent water. In hot summer wetlands become visiting places for summer visitor birds and they provide a drought- refuge for several species of water birds.
During the study there were 87 species of birds recorded. According to seasonal distribution 24 winter visitors, 54 residents, 6 summer breeder and 3 year round visitor were recorded. In the study area, some birds were seen in a large diversity and others were seen rarely.
The present study about the status of bird species showed that 1 very common, 9 common, 20 fairly common, 34 uncommon, 12 rare and 11 very rare bird species were recorded. Monthly data was taken during the whole year (May 2009-April10) and 772 total birds population were found. In May 319, Jun 354, July 375, August 390, September 316, October 432, November 349, December 395, January 373. , February 389, March 401 and in April 363 bird's population were recorded.
Relative abundance, Census Index and Shannon Weiner Diversity Index were also calculated for studied bird data. The most dominant bird of the area was Indian Cliff Swallow found having relative abundance 5.69. The other dominant birds were Little Green Bee-eater (3.4), Large Egret (3.96), House Sparrow (2.3), and Bank Myna (2.6). Census Index was found to be 1.64 and Shannon Weiner Diversity Index was 5.98 found. Wildlife other than birds was also recorded. Three species of amphibians, eight species of reptiles and significant species of mammals were studied. A great variety of plant trees were also found at Ravi Siphon.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1173,T] (1).
4.
Ecology And Population Of Birds Of Changa Manga Forest, Pakistan
by Irfan | Dr. Zulfiqar Ali | Dr. Muhammad Mahmood-ul-Hassan.
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Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The proposed study was carried out at Changa Manga that is an important woodland forest in Punjab. In this study, main emphasis was given on the population dynamics of birds in relation to the woodland characteristics particularly different types of forest habitats, different seasons (summer, winter), relationship between different species of birds, seasonal changes, species identification, census of birds and their population assessment. They connect all of us, from city dwellers to rural communities, to the environment. Birds are an excellent indicator of the overall health of an ecosystem. On this research identification of nature and severity of problems being faced by birds both resident and migratory was identified and concluded as recommendation for the welfare of our avifauna at the site.
In the site of study area resident birds are common and winter visitors, summer breeder birds were also recorded. In the study area 51 residents, 5 summer breeder, 21 winter visitor and 1 year round visitor species recorded. The total number of birds observed in Changa Manga Forest is 78 that show the most common birds in Changa Manga Forest are House Crow, Common Myna, Bank Myna, House Sparrow and Bee-eater etc.
The data collected from Changa Manga in May (524), June (384), July (544), August (418), September (425), October (487), November (647), December (593), January (532), February (604), March (630) and April (466).
The relative abundance is showed by house crow (7.8531). It is a garbage feeder so can easily be seen in areas which are the places of public interest, where people use to create or spread solid waste (wrapper, plastic bags, food material etc). Common Myna (4.4143), Bank Myna (4.3969), House sparrow (4.1641) and Blyth's Reed Warbler (3.1128), Small Sky-lark (2.3416), Common Babbler (2.6398), Blue-cheeked Bee-eater (2.0016), Small Sky Lark (2.3416), Long Tailed Grass Warbler (1.6631) and Indian Robin (1.6681) have abundance respectively. Census index (0.2422) and Shannon Wiener (5.5495) values were also calculated. The trophic levels were mention according to these; there were 263 birds' herbivores, 411 were omnivores, 391 were insectivores and 112 were carnivore's birds in the study area.
Hence there is a strong need to restore, conserve and preserve these existing woodland to maintain and improve the distribution, diversity and abundance of populations and habitats of breeding, migratory and nonbreeding birds throughout the land forests of the Pakistan
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1174,T] (1).
5.
Ecology And Diversity Of Head Qadirabad, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan
by Muhammad Altaf | Dr. Zulfiqar Ali | Dr. Muhammad Mahmood-ul-Hassan.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The proposed study was carried out at Head Qadirabad that was an important wetland of the Punjab. In this study, main emphasis was given on the ecology and diversity of waterbirds in relation to the wetland characteristics particularly different types of aquatic habitats, different seasons, relationship between different species of waterbirds, seasonal changes, species identification, census of waterbirds and their population assessment. They connect all of us, from city dwellers to rural communities, to the environment. Migratory birds were an excellent indicator of the overall health of an ecosystem. On this research identification of nature and severity of problems being faced by waterbirds both resident and migratory was identified and concluded as recommendation for the welfare of our avifauna at the site.
The lower basin of the Chenab River was a prime example of the consequences and challenges posed by increasing water scarcity. The aim of this study was Development, Environment, and Security and the water birds and to clarify key concepts and criteria for sustainable water use within the Head Qadirabad, and then, using those criteria, to present patterns of water use, allocation, and management that can continue to support economic prosperity while maintaining ecological integrity.
Water is a prerequisite for life, and a key ingredient in virtually all human economic activity. In regions where demands for water approach or exceed the limits of available supplies, competition intensifies among various interests turning water scarcity into a potential source of conflict. Scarcity often also results in unhealthy aquatic ecosystems because of alterations in the timing, quantity, and quality of freshwater flows needed to sustain their natural functions. This ecological degradation, in turn, spawns a variety of undesirable economic and social effects.
In the study area observed 76 winter visitor species, 54 resident species, 10 summer breeder species and 9 year round visitor species (Table: 4.3 and Figure: 4.2.)
House Crow was much dominant (Relative abundance was 3.6585), Little Green Bee eater (Relative abundance was 3.2520), Little Swift (Relative abundance was 2.8455), House Sparrow (Relative abundance was 2.5203), Bank Myna (Relative abundance was 2.0325), Common Myna (Relative abundance was 2.0325), Black Kite (Relative abundance was 2.0325), Cattle Egret (Relative abundance was 1.7886), Red-wattled Lapwing (Relative abundance was 1.6260) and Small Pied kingfisher (Relative abundance was 1.2195). These were all dominant in the Head Qadirabad area. This all data shown in Table: 4.9 and Figure: 4.4.
In the present study observed following number of birds in whole year, in May 354, Jun 388, July 388, August 404, September 361, October 341, November 394, December 344, January 560, February 649, March 591 and in April 593 birds, as present in Table: 4.10 and Figure 4.5.
The present study showed that, 149 species of birds were present in the study area. In 2009- 10 observed that Census Index was 0.437 and Shanon-Weiner Diversity Index was 9.58 as shown in Table: 4.12.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1178,T] (1).
6.
Urbanization: Consequences On Increase Of Garbage Eating Birs In Lahore, Pakistan
by Muhammad tanveer | Dr. Zulfiqar Ali | Dr. Ali Nawaz | Prof. Dr. Nureen Aziz.
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Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: This proposed study was analyzed the increase of garbage eating birds in Lahore. Five Important sites were selected in Lahore as whole longitudinal belt of Lahore was covered. Many birds species were recorded, and especially garbage eating or scavenger birds' population was observed and its consequences on other birds species and ecosystem was studied. Different field observation methods for birds along with field guides was adopted. In this 12 month study, month wise record of birds was depicted a picture of population of birds in Lahore. The vultures were totally extinct in Lahore and were not observed at any sites. During the study observed most of the birds were the resident, few were winter visitor and very low numbers were the summer breeders. Urbanization is a major cause of habitat loss and fragmentation. According to present study density of birds were recorded at Jinnah garden, Racecourse Park, Woodland Safari Park, Mehmood Booti and Old Ravi Bridge. Different threats to the birds were also been recorded and appropriate conservation measure towards a sustainable ecosystem was proposed.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1181,T] (1).
7.
Enthno-Environmental Study Of Resilience To Climate Change Taunsa Barrage Wildlife Sanctuary Pakistan
by Shelly Saima Yaqub | Dr.Zulfiqar Ali | Dr.Syed | Prof.Dr.Naureen Aziz qureshi.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1257,T] (1).
8.
Correlative Study Of Avian Diversity With The Varying Urban Congestions Of Lahore
by Gaitee Sahar Sharif | Dr.Zulfiqar ALi | Dr.M.Mehmood-ul-Hassan | Prof.Dr.Noureen.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1266,T] (1).
