1.
Development Of Physical And Reproductive Standards For Selection Of Sahiwal Bulls
by Ejaz Ahmad | Prof .Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Aleem | Prof.Dr.Nuhamm | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: The present study is the first, to the best of our knowledge which demonstrate the physical and reproductive criteria for selection of Sahiwal sires to be used in Al. Although the artificial insemination (AT) is being practiced in Pakistan for the last 3-4 decades, however, no significant improvement in milk production has taken place in Sahiwal cattle. Perhaps one of the reasons that Sahiwal bulls used as AT sires were not screened through standard reproductive and productive criteria. Therefore the objectives of the present study were (1) to develop the standards of body weight and scrotal circumference (2) to determine the number of pixels of testes through Ultrasonography from birth until >100 months of age and (3) to develop standards for semen characteristics (volume, motility, concentration, morphology, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity) from puberty until 60 months of age in Sahiwal bulls. This study was carried out at following locations: LES Jhangirabad District Khanewal, SPU Qadirabad
District Sahiwal. The study was based on 128 Sahiwal bulls of different age groups (from o to >100 months of age). Bulls were evaluated for scrotal circumference (SC), body weight (BW) and number of pixels of testicular ultrasonograms (NP). Semen was evaluated once a week for 5 consecutive weeks from regularly donor bulls (n = 86) ranging in age from 25-30 to >100 mo. Semen volume, motility, concentration, morphology, percent live sperms, plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and normal acrosome (NAR) were compared between different age groups. Mean SC and BW increased (P<0.05) in a curvilinear manner from birth to >100 mo of age. Mean NP of testicular ultrasonograms increased (P<0.05) from 0 to 24 mo and then plateaued until
>100 mo of age. Body weight, SC, and NP were positively correlated with age from birth until >100 mo (r = 0.91, 0.87, 0.40 respectively). Ejaculate volume (5.7 ± 0.2 vs. 4.6 ± 0.09 ml) and sperm concentration (1281.6 ± 17.7 vs. 1115.8 ± 55.9 x 06/ml) increased (P<0.05) in mature bulls compared to younger ones. However, motility (68.6 ± 0.3%), plasma membrane integrity (50.8 ± 1.0%) and normal acrosome (74.8 ± 0.5%) remained insignificant due to age. In six of eight age groups studied morphological abnormalities were well within the range (18.1 ± 0.3%). In conclusion the BW, SC and NP of testicular ultrasonograms, ejaculate volume and concentration increased with age, moreover, semen quality is fairly independent of age except volume and concentration in Sahiwal bulls. These standards could serve as criteria for selecting young bulls as AT sires.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1074,T] (1).
2.
Effect Of Used Cidr (Controlled Internal Grug Releasing Device) And Fish Follicle Stumulating Hormone) On Estrus
by Zahid Naseer | Prof.Dr.Nasim Ahmad | Dr.Khalid Javed | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Aleem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2009Dissertation note: Reproductive efficiency is the primary factor affecting productivity in buffaloes, but is greatly hindered by weak estrus symptoms, long postpartum anoestrus and subsequent calving interval. The use of controlled internal drug release (CTDR) devices for the synchronization of estrus in cattle is now well accepted throughout the world. The use of CIDR devices has permitted the opportunity to synchronize estrus in buffaloes efficiently during the low breeding season. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of once used CIDR and FSH on estrus expression and pregnancy rate (PR) during low breeding season in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Two experiments were conducted during June-August, 2008. In experiment 1, buffaloes received either a used CIDR (UCIDR, n 26) or a new CIDR (NCTDR, n = 24) for 7 d and PGF2a on d 6. During the experiment, two CIDRs were lost in used CIDR group. At the end of the experiment 48 buffaloes were under observation; UCIDR (n = 22) and NCIDR (n = 26). Estrus detection was done twice daily. Buffaloes were inseminated, 12 and 24 hr after the onset of estrus. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 45 days post insemination using ultrasonography. Estrus expression was similar (P>0.05) between UCIDR (84.6 1%) and NCIDR (95.45%) buffaloes. The mean interval to estrus from PGF2x in UCIDR was 64.5 1.2 h compared to 68 ± 2.5 h in NCIDR (P>0.05). The pregnancy rate did not differ (P>0.05) due to treatment (34.61% in UCIDR vs. 36.36% in NCIDR). In experiment 2, buffaloes at unknown stages of estrous cycle received CIDRs on d 0 and PGF2a on d 6. Animals were either treated with two injections of FSH (5 I.U. i/rn at 12 hr interval; n = 10) starting at CIDR removal on d 7 or remaind untreated (Control, n 10). At the end
19 buffaloes were under observation because of lost of one CIDR from FSH group. Estrus detection, insemination and pregnancy diagnosis was similar as in experiment 1. FSH treatment did not affect the proportion of buffaloes expressing estrus, mean interval from PGF2a administration to estrus and. ovulation, size of ovulatory follicle or pregnancy rate (P>0.05; overall estrus expression rate (84.2%), interval to estrus from PGF2a (62.8 ± 3.3h) and interval to ovulation from estrus (35 ± 5.6h), ovulatory follicle size (10.55 ± 0.55 mm), pregnancy rate (26.3%). In conclusion, a) compared to NCJDR devices, previously UCIDR devices are equally effective to induce estrus and ovulation synchronization with comparable pregnancy rate in buffaloes during low breeding season and b) low dose FSH treatment at CIDR removal did not improve estrus expression or
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3.
Use Of Antioxidate Containing Extender To Improve Post Thaw Quality Of Canine Semen
by Zia Ullah | Prof. Dr. Ijaz Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2010Dissertation note: plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity and viability of spermatozoa) using the Labrador retriever dog frozen semen.
Dog is a unique animal in terms of its semen ejaculation which is in fractions with a highly variable sperm concentration in different fractions as compared to other mammalian species like bull, boar, ram, human which have their ejaculate as a single fraction. In this study, BHT was found to improve post thaw motility, sperm viability, plasma membrane integrity and the acrosomal integrity at an inclusion level of 1.0mM in the extended semen. However, the higher concentrations than this were found to have detrimental effects on the parameters mentioned above. The reasons for these detrimental effects could be the change in osmolarity of the semen that varies in different species. The ROS production is associated with normal physiological functioning of the spermatozoa and when a semen sample is diluted the endogenous antioxidant mechanism of the semen is compromised and addition of exogenous antioxidant is needed to equilibrate. Therefore the addition of BHT at an inclusion level 1.0mM in study was found optimum and higher concentrations of this had detrimental effect on the spermatozoa, which could be due to two reasons as explained by Ijaz et al., 2009, i.e., firstly higher concentration of BHT reduce the physiological functions of the spermatozoa by extremely reducing the ROS which are needed to a certain level for physiological function of the spermatozoa and secondly it increases the fluidity of the plasma membrane above the desired levels thus making it prone to more damages.
In conclusion, BHT was found useful for dog spermatozoa at inclusion level 1.0mM, however, further studies are required to investigate the fertility of the canine semen having inclusion levels of BHT.
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