1.
Effects Of Phytase On The Performance Of Broilers Fed On Sorghum Based Diets
by Manzoor Ahmed | Prof. Dr. Nisar Ahmad Mian | Mr. Anjum Khalique | Mr. Athar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2001Dissertation note: In Pakistan, sorghum (jawar) occupies 4th place with a production of 218.6 thousand tons (Economic survey of Pakistan 2000-200 1) after wheat, maize and rice. Its use is limited in poultry feed because it contains antinutritional factor i.e. tannin, phytic acid (68% of Total phosphorus). The low tannin sorghum varieties can replace maize up to 50%, and sorghum high in tannin can replace maize up to 25% in poultry diet.
While considering different nutrients for broiler feed formulation minerals are also very important. Among minerals phosphorus plays an important role for poultry production. Balancing the phosphorus in compound feed is difficult task because less than one third of the phosphorus in the feedstuffs of plant origin is biologically available to monogastric animals (NRC, 1994). The organic phosphorus exists in the bran of grain, consisting mainly of phytic phosphorus,
Phytase is an enzyme that liberates P from vegetable materials, destroys the antinutritional properties of phytate. Phytase was one of the first enzyme to be described in the literature. As early as 1907 the release of phosphorus from an organic phosphorus containing substrate was described by Suzuki and others (Maga 1982). The enzyme "phytase" is now known to cause the release of phosphate from phytic acid by catalyzing a series of hydrolysis reactions.
Keeping in view the above facts an experiment was conducted to study the effects of phytase on the performance of broiler fed on sorghum- based diets.
Two hundred broiler chicks were purchased from Big Bird Poultry Breeders and divided in to five groups. These groups were further subdivided in four replicates, having ten chicks in each. The chicks were kept in starter batteries for the first four weeks and then shifted to grower batteries till the end of experiment (six week). Five starter and five finisher rations (sorghum based) A, B, C, D, and E were prepared. "A" was control having 0.45 and 0.35% AP in starter and finisher rations respectively. While B, C, D and E supplemented with phytase enzyme (600 FTU/kg of feed) having 0.40, 0.35, 0.30 and 0.25% AP in starter and 0.30, 0.25, 0.20 and 0.15% AP in finisher rations respectively. Light, feed and fresh clean water was provided round the clock.
The parameters studied were weight gain, feed consumed, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, mortality, phosphorus availability and economic. The data thus collected was subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicated that the weight gain of chicks fed on rations B and C were comparable to ration A (control). The chicks fed on rations D & E significantly (P<O.05) showed poor perfonnance as compared to those fed on rations A, B and C. Significantly (P<O.05) more feed was consumed by chicks fed on ration B as compared to those fed on D and E. However, nonsignificant difference was observed between feed consumption of chicks fed on rations A, B and C. Non-significant differences were observed in feed conversion ratio of chicks fed on different experimental rations (Starter & Finisher). However, the feed conversion ratio of chicks fed on ration "C" was comparable to the chicks fed on ration "A"(Control). The dressing percentage of the chicks showed improvement with supplementation of phytase enzyme but the difference were non-significant between chicks fed on different experimental rations. Phytase supplementation significantly (P<O.05) improved the availability of P in chicks fed on rations B, C, D, & E as compare to those fed on ration A (control). The total cost incurred on one kg live weight for chicks fed on rations A, B, C, D and E were Rs. 31.98, 30.58, 31.86, 33.18 and 33.76, respectively. While net profits per one-kg live weights were Rs. 16.02, 17.41, 16.14, 14.82 and 14.24 respectively. Maximum profit was observed in birds fed on ration "B" supplemented with phytase enzyme. Overall it was found that by using phytase enzyme in broiler ration more profit could be earned.
RECOMMENDATION
1. By the use of phytase in poultry feed phosphorus availability could be increased.
2. Use of phytase enzyme is economical.
3. By the use of phytase enzyme 0.1% available phosphorus can be decreased in the broiler ration.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0741,T] (1).
2.
Effect Of Commercial Enzyme (Natugrain) Supplementation On The Nutritive Value And Inclusion Rate Of Guar Meal In Broiler
by Kamran, M | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Mr.Athar | Prof.Dr.Nisar Ahmad Khan.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Protein plays an important role in the formation of a balanced diet. The human population is still confronting with the shortage of protein intake due to high production cost of poultry and other meat sources. Higher price of poultry meat is mainly due to higher costs of feed. The guar meal is the by product, which is obtained after the mechanical separation of endosperm from both hu1ls and germs of guar seed. It has a natural toxic substance trypsin inhibitor and residual guar gum. Despite, these deleterious effects, the guar meal is cheaper and is a good source of essential amino acids.
The experiment was designed to study the effect of commercial enzyme (Natugrain) supplementation on the nutritive value and inclusion rate of guar meal in broiler rations. The experiment was conducted at Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. 240, day old chicks were randomly divided into 2 main groups. Each main group was further divided into 4-sub groups of 30-chicks (3 replicates of 10-chicks) in each sub group. One main group was fed rations with enzyme supplementation and other without enzyme supplementation. The chicks were reared under standard environmental conditions. Eight isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental starter rations were formulated and fed to chicks for a period of 4 weeks. Rations A, B, C and D containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% guar meal, respectively supplemented with same level of enzyme (100 gram/ton). Rations F, F, G and H containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% guar meal, respectively without enzyme. Eight isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental finisher rations A, B, C, D, E, F, G & H were formulated in the same manner as starter rations and fed to chicks from 5-6 weeks. All the birds were weighed at the start of experiment (day old) and at weekly intervals, thereafter. Weekly feed consumption of each replicate was recorded and FCR was calculated.
The average feed consumed by the broiler chicks fed on rations A, B, C, D, F, F, G and H were 3631.2, 3797.16, 3601.0, 3086.56, 3664.33, 3736.2, 3604.93 and 3254.83 grams, respectively. The average weight gain of broiler chicks fed on rations A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H were 1817.77, 1813.6, 1648.77, 1169.0, 1796.1, 1723.9, 1538.44 and 1265.9 grams, respectively. The average feed conversion ratio values for broiler chicks fed on rations A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H were 1.97, 2.0, 2.17, 2.64, 1.99, 2.14, 2.33 and 2.56 per bird, respectively.
The values for dressing percentage in groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H were 67.50%, 64.13%, 64.07%, 61.73%, 66.20%, 63.33%, 63.70% and 61.33%, respectively. Mortality in groups A, D, E, G and H were 1, 4, 1, 1 and 2 birds, respectively. There was no mortality in groups B, C and F.
Data regarding feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and dressing percentage, when subjected to analysis of variance showed that there was non significant difference (P>0.05) among different experimental groups as far as enzyme supplementation was concerned. However, significant (P<0.05) differences were observed among the experimental groups on the basis of different levels of guar meal.
It was observed as the level of guar meal increased in the ration, cost per kg of feed decreased but as the level of guar meal increased, the cost per kg of live weight increased. Profit per Kg of live weight was higher from those groups fed on rations with enzyme supplementation as compared to those groups fed on rations without enzyme supplementation.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0769,T] (1).
