000			02687nam a2200193Ia 4500
005			20151006152952.0
008			150525s2013 xx 000 0 und d
041			_aeng
082			_a1764,T
100			_aShahid Iqbal _97746
110			_cMr. Akhtar Ali _95236
245			_aBlood Spatter Classification As A Function Of Blood Droplet Dynamics And Their Forensic Implications
260			_c2013
502			_aA thoroughconsideration of blood dynamics and stain creation is avital necessityto the clarification of distinct bloodstain and the spatter patterns at the crime scene. In addition the results of experimental work including studies of falling and impacting blood droplets have been presented. The magnitude of blood stains and the amount of droppers and needles round the stain fringe relays on droplet impact velocity and droplet diameter. It is not unusual to find bloodstain patterns in a violent encounter and through proper interpretation they can provide very critical details about such an event. Accurate calculations and digital photography may estimate the release height of passive droplets, the characteristics of release surface and the forces involved in bloodshed.The spattered blood pattern is used routinely in crime scene for investigators/death scene investigators to evaluate blood spattering and blood droplet impact velocity. Examination could determine the maximum resolution of bloody spots. Four different forms of stains were produced and human blood was used with heparin as an anti-coagulant (Kargeret al.1998). The blood volumes usedwere: 10 l, 5 l, 1 l, 0.5 l, 0.25 land0.1 l. Pipette (Eppendorf) and precision syringe were used for measuring and releasing the blood spattering. Blood droplets were allowed to fall freely by hand by pressing the needle of the syringe very slowly so that drops separated from the tip of a stainless steel hypodermic needle at their own mass.Respectively,all volumeswererepeated for consecutive five times to create four forms of contact stains and spatter stains on various surfaces used in the study.The resulting stains were examined with and at the end were photographed through digital camera. The results were interpreted by applying Regression coefficient relationone way Anova and two ways Anova which showed significance statistically.It will aid the crime investigation agencies to explore the importance of blood spatter analysis in crime/ death scene investigationand to estimate the creditability of reportsdelivered by the observer, prey or a doubtful.
650			_aDepartment of Forensic Science _95695
700			_aDr. Muhammad _94698
700			_aDr. Muhammad Tayyab _95761
942			_cTH
999			_c3472 _d3472