000			03856nam a2200181Ia 4500
005			20151007124840.0
008			150525s2014xx 000 0 und d
041			_aeng
082			_a1841,T
100			_aTyyaiba Azam _98789
110			_cDr. Aqeel Javeed _916856
245			_aEvaluation Of Ynergistic Efficacy Of Quinolones, Amino Glycosides, Cephalosporin And Co-Trimoxazole
260			_c2014
502			_aBackground Opportunistic pathogens represent the type of pathogens which infects only those individuals with impaired immune system and lead to diseases that can be severe, debilitating and difficult to treat in immunocompromized host. These opportunistic pathogens include different bacteria, viruses and fungi. This study was designed to identify the opportunistic bacterial pathogens pseudomonas and Citrobecter in immunocompromized chronic liver disease (CLD) patients. This study was performed to analyze sensitivity pattern of bacterial pathogens to commonly used antibiotics quinolones, aminoglycosides, cephalosporin and co-trimoxazole and to evaluate the synergistic efficacy of different combination s of antibiotics. The study was conducted on different CLD patients admitted in different medical wards of Sir .ganga Ram Hospital Lahore. Aim By using blood and urine culturing technique and different biochemical tests opportunistic pathogens Pseudomonas and Citrobecter in CLD immunocompromized patients belonging to different age group were determined. Combination therapy of quinolones, aminoglycosides, cephalosporin and sulpha drugs were effective against the bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas and Citrobecter. Material and Methods Clinical sign and symptoms of all the CLD patients who were admitted in the hospital were noted at the time of admission The patients who start showing sign and symptoms (Fever, burning micturation, pain) of suspected infection on 2nd and 3rd day of their admission were included in this study. Blood and urine samples were collected from infected CLD patients with CHAPTER – 6 SUMMARY suspected sign and symptoms by using all necessary aseptic precautions with the assistance of trained professionals. The pathogens were isolated, identified and purified by selective culturing methods, which were subjected to active growth, during which sensitivity to different antibiotics was checked. Antibiotic sensitivity test was conducted on pure culture isolates employing the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method for the commonly used antibiotics. The diameters of growth inhibition around the discs was measured and interpreted by using Clinical Laboratory Standards Interpretations (CLSI). Statistical Analysis The collected data was analyzed by ANOVA and Chi-square test on SPSS software (16) . Results Pseudomonas and Citrobecter pathogens are now proved to be a multi resistant pathogens and use of combinations of antibiotics against these pathogens found to be more effective. This study was performed to evaluate the synergistic effect of different antibiotics combinations against Pseudomonas and Citrobecter pathogens, so that the chances of recurrent infections among the immunocompromized hospitalized patients were minimized. It will help to improve the quality of life of immunocompromized patients through providing information about effective antibiotic treatment. The effects of different combinations of antibiotics were also analyzed in CLD patients through evaluating the improvement in infectious disease. It was found during study that combination of ceftriaxone and amikacin prove to be more effective in clinical settings but in vitro studies shows the combination of cephradine with gentamycin was 97% susceptible.
650			_aDepartment of Pharmaoclogy & Toxicology _95037
700			_aProf. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf _95038
942			_cTH
999			_c3548 _d3548