000			03532nam a22001937a 4500
005			20160815123719.0
008			160815b2016 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
041			_aeng
082			_a2508-T
100			_aIqra Shaukat (2010-VA-287) _925487
110			_cDr. Imran Najeeb _96723
245			_aAntimicrobial Activity Of Selected Plant Extracts Against Streptococcus Mutans Isolated From Dental Caries
260			_c2016.
300			_a64p.;
502			_aStreptococcus mutans is gram positive bacteria and present in cocci and chain form. It is facultative anaerobes, non-motile, catalase negative and non-spore forming, lactic acid bacteria and normally found in oral cavity (Rao and Austin 2014). S.mutans involve in endocarditis, dental caries, have ability to adhere to the cardiac tissue and cause chronic infective endocarditis. Caries is caused of tooth decay and tooth loss in adult and school aged children. Many microorganisms can cause dental caries namely S. mutans, S.sanguis, s.mitis, S.salivarius and S. sobrinus but S.mutans have major role in developing of dental caries. Dental caries is major problem around the globe in these days. Generally it treated with antibiotics. But now a day’s due to increase in antibiotic resistance, recently plant extracts and plants parts are being in use as treatment and oral hygiene. It is therefore, present research was designed to analyze the plant extract which having antimicrobial activity against oral bacteria and have been used traditionally for cleaning the teeth. Azadirachta indica (Neem), Acacia nilotica (Kikar), Pongamia pinnata (Sukhchein) and Salvadora persica (Peelu) were used to check the activity against S. mutans. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of bark were prepared of selected plants. Extract potential against S. mutans was checked through well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Dental caries samples were collected from different hospitals from Lahore. Twenty five samples were processed to isolate S.mutans. Out of twenty five samples twenty isolates of S.mutans were isolated which showed resistance against bacitracin, confirmed by disk method.. Biochemical tests such as hemolysis test and sugar fermentation tests were also done for the confirmation of S. mutans. Furthermore, antibiotic sensitive test was performed to check the sensitive pattern of S. mutans All S. mutans were resistant to oxacillin, cefmetazole and cephaloridine, and sensitive to streptomycin Summary 50 and gentamycin. S. mutans showed high level of resistance to ceftriaxone (90%), cefixim (90%), chloramphenicol (65%) and vancomycin (60%), and intermediate level of resistance to sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (40%) and ciprofloxacin (30%), and low level of resistance to amoxicillin (25%), delfopristin (25%) ampicillin (20%), fusidic acid (20%) and linezolid (5%). MIC value for aqueous extract for Salvadora persica, Azadirachta indica, Acacia nilotica, Pongamia pinnata are 24-48, 3-48,0,180-12 and >48 mg/ml respectively, and MIC value for methanolic extract are 0.09-12, 3->48, 0.376-6 and 1.5-24 mg/ml respectively. This in vitro study gives us natural antimicrobial plants which can help us to control dental caries and endodontic infections. The effects of these extracts might be beneficial if incorporated in tooth paste, mouth rinses and dental products to reduce plaque and dental caries.
650			_aDepartment of Microbiology _94609
700			_aDr. Muhammad Nawaz _98904
942			_cTH
999			_c8990 _d8989