51.
Studies On Isolation, Identification And Pathogenicity Of Bacteria Isolated From The Respiratory Tract Of Cattle And Buffaloes At Lahore Abattoir
by Yousaf, M | Muhammed akram Muneer | Ata-Ur- Rizvi | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: total of 1200 samples consisting of 300 nasal, 300 tracheal, 300 bronchial swabs and 300 pieces of lung tissue from 150 randomly selected cows and buffaloes (75 from each species) were collected from abattoir of Lahore Corporation. Of the total samples 702 isolates were isolated and identified on the basis of their morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics. The isolates included Pdsteurellp multocida 89 strains, (45 strains from buffaloes and 44 strains from cows), Pasteurella haemolvtica 98 strains (59 from buffaloes and 39 strains from cows), Corynebacterium ovocenes 76 strains (54 strains from buffaloes and 22 strains from cows), Escherichia coli 146 strains (80 strains from buffaloes and 66 strains from cow), Staphylococcus epidermidis 152 strains (75 strains from buffaloes and 77 strains from cows), Bacillus subtilit 135 strains (67 strains from buffaloes and 68 strains from cows), and Mycobacterium bovis 6 strains (2 strains from buffaloes and j strains from cattle).
The isolation percentage of Pasteurella. multocida was 19.66% in buff aloes and 13% in cattle, 15% Pasteurella haemolytica was present in buffaloes and 14.66% Pasteurella haemolvtica in cows. 18% and 7.33% Corvnebacterium pyogenes could be isolated from buffaloes arid cattle respectively. 26.66% and 22% Escherictiia coli was isolated from buffaloes and cattle respectively. From buffaloes and cows 25 and 25.66% of Staohvlococcus epidermidis was isolated respectively. Bacillus subtilis was 22.33% and 22.66% in buffaloes and cows respectively 2.66% and 5.33% Mvcobacterium bovis was isolated from buffaloes and cattle respectively.
There was small difference in the number of isolates from buffaloes and cattle. Pasteurella haemolytica, Staphyloicoccus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis proved to be nonpathogenic while Pagsteurella multocida, Corynebacterium pyogenes ai.d Escherichia coli caused l00, 50 and 59 percent mortality on experimental inoculation. Mycobacterum bovis was non pathogenic for mice. However upon intraperitoneal inoculation in rabbit it caused 57% mortality.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0253,T] (1).
52.
Effect Of Different Extenders On The Extracellular Release Of Got And Gpt From Buffalo Bull Spermatozoa
by Naeem Iqbal | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Preservation of spermatozoa in a solubrious environment has become an essential prerequisite to achieve the objectives of Artificial Insemination. Selection of suitable extender is based on evaluation of fresh and diluted semen through several parameters. In vitro, the most reliable and preferable method for the evaluation of semen preservation technique is the analysis of seminal plasma for several enzymes related with fertility, because, the extracellular concentration of these enzymes might serve as an index of membrane trauma. Among these enzymes, Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase(GOT) and Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase(GPT) are also used for the evaluation, because, they occur abundently in the spermatozoa and reflect their integrity. Moreover, they are easy to detect and play a major role in the protein and carbohydrate metabolism of spermatozoa. Some workers have evaluated extenders on these lines but this information was lacking in our condition, particularly in buffalo (Bubalus buballs).
For this purpose the semen was collected from ten buffalo bulls of Nili-Ravi breed maintained at Semen production Unit, Qadirabad. Semen was extended in three extenders namely, Lactose- egg yolk-glycerol (LEYG), Skim milk-egg yolk-glycerol (SMEYG) and Tris-egg yolk-glycerol (TEYG) and the GOT, GPT activities were measured in fresh semen, after extension, just after freezing and 30 days post-freezing. The data, thus, collected was subjected to statistical analysis.
The GOT activity (mU/ml) in fresh semen was 20.26±0.72 and in extender LEYG, the activity after extension, freezing and 30 days post-freezing was 38.06±2.09, 65.90±2.'2 and 80.94±2.78 respectively. The corresponding values in SMEYG and TEYG were, 51 .80±2.06 and 44.20±1.34, 90.22±1.79 and 74.38±2.30 and 109.10±2.14 and 87.68±2.33 respectively.
The GPT activity (mU/mi) in fresh semen was 7.98±0.30 and in LEYG after extension, just after freezing and 30 days' storage was 12.36±0.41, 18.52±0.62 and 22.20±0.76 respectively. These values for SMEYG and TEYG were, 13.96±0.60 and 13.28±0.56, 22.82±0.65 and 20.50±0.50 and 27.23±0.68 and 23.98±0.66 respectively. The overall GOT and GPT activities wee maximum in SMEYG (88.84 and 19.25) than in TEYG(67.42 and 16.00) and LEYG(60.68 and 14.22). In LEYG, upto freezing the release of GOT and:GPT was minimum but after 30 days' storage this situation was found in TEYG. Regarding the stages of freezing, maximum release of GOT, GPT was observed after freezing, i.e., 32.15 and 7.42 than after extansion (24.42 and 5.52) and after 30 days' storage(15.74 and 3.85 resp.).
Statistical analysis revealed significant (p/U.01) differences between the extenders SMEYG to LEYG and SMEYG to TEYG, but non-significant difference between LEYG and TEYG for the release of GOT and GPT. Highly significant (p/0.01) differences were existed Iethween all the stages of freezing.
The GPT and GOT ratio found in fresh semen was 1:2.53 and the average GPT, GOT ratio in SMEYG was 1:4.61, in LEYG 1:4.21 and It was 1:4.21 in TEYG extender. The GOT, GPT activities were found greater in young bulls as compared to older bulls. A significant correlation, i.e., -0.53 (p/0.05.) for GOT activity with age was found.
Regarding the relationship of motility percentage of spermatozoa with GOT, GPT release, a significant correlation(-0.44, p/0.05) between GOT release and motility percentage in TEYG extender after freezing was found. This correlation for GPT release in SMEYG after 30 days' storage was -0.69(p/0.0l), in TEYG after freezing 049 (p/0.05) and in same extender,. after 30 days' storage was -0.72 (p/U.01).
The average volume of both ejaculates had a significant relationship with GOT activity (r=0.55, p/0.05) and with GPT activity (r= -0.73, p/0.01) in fresh semen.
The overall maximum decline in motility was found in SNEYG (53.06%)than in LEYG (45.21%) and TEYG(44.27%). Statistically, the SMEYG had a significant (p/0.0l) decline in motility as compared to TEYG and LEYG,. while the difference between two latter extenders was non-significant. In all extenders, highly significant correlations (p/0.01) were existed between initial motility and motility recorded after extension, freezing and 30 days' storage.
While considering the results, the extenders LEYG and TEYG were found superior than the SMEYG, but TEYG was prefered on LEYG, due to maintaining high motility percentage of spermatozoa along with the minimal enzymes release and it can be used satisfactorily for the preservation of buffalo semen. Regarding the stages of preservation, the maximum enzymes were released after freezing than after extension and after one month storage in liquid nitrogen.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0269,T] (1).
53.
Pathological Changes Caused By Escherichia Coli In Young And Adult
by Tufail Muhammad Khan | Manzoor Ahmed | Altaf Hussain Sheikh | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1977Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0270,T] (1).
54.
Incidence Of Gastro Intestinal Nematode Parasites Of Sheep Slaughtered In Municial Corporation Abattoir Lahore
by Muzarab Shah | Sheikh Altaf Hussain | Not Available.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1973Dissertation note: 1. 500 sheep guts ware examined during autumn, winter ad spring, The animals were brought from Lahore Silalkot, Jhelum, Rawalpindi, Sargodha, Lyallpur, Multan, Bahawalpur Peshawrr, Murree ad Kaghan districts, The parasites recorded ware Trichuris Ovis Haemonchus countortus, Oespharostomum venulosum, Oestphagostomum columbianum, Ostertagia circumcincta, Skrajabinems ovis, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus vitrius and Chabertia ovina .
2, The changes in worm burden of different parasites varied according to changes in the weather, the overall percentage infection showed a gradual decrease from October, 1969 to February, 1970 sad a rise in March and April, 1970,
3. Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostronglys vitrinus, and Chabertia ovina were recovered from only those sheep which were slaughtered 4uring spring and the number of parasites was low,
4, The average percentage infection of Trichostrongyulus axei and Trichostrongylus vitrinus was 0,2% a4 0,4% respectively.
5. 38.4% cases of Trichuris ovis were recorded,
6. No male of Skrjubinema ovis could be found in any of the samples that were examined.
7. Of the total guts examined, 375 (75%) were found to be infected with one or more species of parasites.
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55.
Studies On The Postnatal Development Of The Reproductive Organs And Other Related Endocrine Glands In Male Nili
by Nasim Ahmad | Manzoor Ahmed | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: The water buffalo is amongst the most productive of domestic animals. One of the major problems causing uneconomical productivity in buffalo has been described as its higher age of maturity. It was therefore, necessary to collect a through information from birth through puberty on the potential of anatomical and physiological development of its reproductive organs and endocrine glands. This information was particularly lacking on the male of Nili Ravi breed.
Ten male Nili-Ravi calves ranging in age from 0 to 7 days were included in the Present study. They were subjected to detailed clinical examination. Biometrical examination of reproductive organs accessory sex glands and endocrine glands was conducted after slaughtering. Samples from suitable places were taken for histology purpose. Necessary photography and microphotography was done and the data collected was statistically analysed.
Body weight, body temperature, respiration and pulse rate averaged 32.24 kg, 38.8° C, 27.6 and 78.2 per minute whereas heart girth, body length and scrotal circumference averaged 71.5, 75.0 and 8.38 cm. Coefficient of correlation among body weight and heart girth; scrotal circumference and total testicular weight was 0.96 (P<.0l), 0.69 (P<0.05) and 0.57(which was non-significanl. Correlations between scrotal circumference and total testicular veight was 0.65 (P<0.05).
Single testis measured 2.3 x 1.2 x 1.0 x 3,0 cm (LxBxTxC) and weighed 1.39 gm. Length of epididymis was 4.8 cm with a weight of 0.88 gm/vas deferens was 31.3 cm long and length of attached penis was 21.2 cm. Length and diameter of ampulla was 4.3x2.2 whereas length, breadth and thickness of seminal vesicle. Prostate and cowpers gland averaged 2.1xl.5x0.35, 5.6xl.7x1.6 and 0.6x0.3x0.2 cm. Seminal vesicle weighed 0.48 gm. Average measurements of pitutiary and pineal gland were l.3x0.8x0.6 and 0.5x0.5x0.3 cm. Their corresponding weights were 0.42 and 0.06 gm. There was slight difference in the measurements of right and left thyroid and adrenal gland. The difference between the weight of right and left thyroid and adrenal gland were significant (P>0.05).
Microscopic examination revealed that testis was composed of solid sex-cords which measured 45.04 and 47.83 microns in diameter near the periphery and near the rete. The ratio of large cells and small cell was 13:5 and of sex cords with interstitial tissue was 60:40. Epididymis exhibited moderate regional variation. Epithelial height was 14, 15 and 25 microns in head, body and tail regions.
Ampullary glands were devoid of cilia and showed dilatations Only towards the lumen. The glandular epithelium of seminal vesicle was columnar with granular cytoplasm. Their height varied from 15 to 20 microns. In prostate gland two parts were clearly distinguished. Secretory units of bulbouretheral gland were small and were lined by cuboidal epithelium. Penis of new born calf possesed all the essential structures.
In pituitary gland pars intermedia and median cleft was prominent and various cells of pars distails were identified. Pinealocytes were characterized as large cells situated more towards periphery.
Follicles of thyroid gland were lined by columnar cells and filled with colloid material. In adrenal cortex three zones were clearly identified and cortico-medullary junction was interdigitated.
The gross and histological findings of the present study were found to be little higher than those of Indian buffalo calves but were comparable or found lower when compared with cow calves of same age.
It is, proposed that similar studies be conducted on Nili-Ravi calves of different age groups uptil puberty to observe the develop- mental changes. The recorded variations could then be narrowed to select sires showing early maturity for exploitation through AL. to over come the problem of delayed maturity.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0274,T] (1).
56.
Studies On Postpartum Buffaloes - Changes In Reproductive Organs And Onset Of Oestrus After Parturition
by Munir Ahmnad Ch | Naeem Ullah Khan | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Thirty five (35) buffaloes of Nili-Ravi breed were studied for postpartum reproductive performance. Involution of the uterus and postpartum ovarian activity were monitored by repeated rectal palpations of the genitalia from day 14 postpartum until first observed oestrus. Buffaloes were checked for manifestation of oestrus for five times a day by using bulls with deviated penis. Buffaloes detected in oestrus were examined rectally and inseminated at 12 and 18 hours after the onset of oestrus.
The mean time required for complete involution of uterus was 27.5 ± 1.4 days with a range from 21 to 66 days. The rate of decrease in diameter from day 14 postpartum to complete involution was slower in non-gravid horn than in gravid horn. This overall uterine involution period was not affected by the month of calving and the age of the buffaloes but lactation number effected it significantly (P<0.06). The diameter of cervix on day 14 postpartum was 88.0 mm for buffaloes calving during March and ranged from 66 to 77 mm for buffaloes calving during other months of the study period. The rate of decrease from day 14 postpartum to complete involution was lower in buffaloes which calved in January (1.00 mm/day) as compared to buffaloes of other months (range 1.1 to 1.5 mm/day). On complete involution the diameter of cervix was 47.0 mm and it ranged 34 to 37 mm in other months of study. There was no effect of age and parity on rate of cervical involution. Similarly the rate of decrease from day 14 postpartum to complete involution, of the gravid and non-gravid horns was not effected by month of calving, age and parity of buffaloes.
The time required from calving to complete regression of corpus luteum was 20.6 ± 1.0 days. This period was found to be effected by the month of calving (P<0.06). The interval from calving to the formation of first palpable follicle averaged 27.4 ± 1.2 days. There was significant effect of resumption of follicular activity on formation of first corpus luteum (P<0.001) and first postpartum oestrus (P<0..001). The incidence of first corpus luteum formation without oestrus activity was 62.9 %. The palpable life span of first corpus luteum averaged 6.6 ± 0.7 days. The interval from calving to formation of first corpus luteum was 38.1 ± 1.5 days. It was significantly affected by the postpartum oestrus interval (P<0.009)
The average postpartum period from calving to first observed oestrus was 124.2 ± 14.5 days and ranged from 22 to 280 days. In 22.9 % buffaloes, postpartum oestrus was observed within 30 days, whereas in 57.1 % buffaloes this period was more than 120 days. This interval was highly correlated with interval to uterine involution (P<0.06) and duration of oestrus (P<0.06) . Onset of oestrus was most frequently i.e in 34.3 % buffaloes were obsered at 22.00 hours, followed by 18.00, 02.00, 06.00 and 12.00 hours in 22.9 %, 17.1 %, 14.3 % and 11.4 % buffaloes, respectively.
In contrast to onset, the termination of oestrus occurred more frequently (77.1 %) during day light hours (6 AM to 6 PM) and 6.00 PM was the time when majority of buffaloes (40 %) terminated their oestrus. The overall duration of first postpartum oestrus was 24.7 ± 1.6 hours and it ranged from 6 to 48 hours. The majority of buffaloes (65.8 %) had the duration of oestrus within 9 to 24 hours.
On the basis of 60 days pregnancy diagnosis, the conception rate to breeding at first oestrus was only 14.30%.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0276,T] (1).
57.
Effect Of Urea Treatment On The Nutritive Value Of Wheat Straw In The Fattening Of Buffalo Calves
by Ajmal Javed | Muhammed Yoob Malikaq | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1986Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0278,T] (1).
58.
A Study On The Incidence Of Glanders At Lahore
by Nasreen Niaz | Muhammed Yousaf Vaid | Altaf Hussain | Ata-Ur-Rehman Rizvi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1977Dissertation note: Using P.P.D. mallein 200 horses from the Lahore S.P.C.A. Hospital were subjected to intradermal palpebra]. mallein test. One horse gave a positive result giving an over all percentage of 0.5 percent in the animals tested.
The morphological, biochemical and pathogenic characteristics of the Pseudomonas mallei isolated erom this solitary positive case were studied and reported.
Keeping in view the highly contagious nature of the disease and its communicability to man, measures for its diagnosis and eradication have been recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0290,T] (1).
59.
Immunogenic Studies On Temperature Resistant V4 Strain Of Newcastle Disease Virus
by Sakhawat Hussain, Shah | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | Manzoor | Muhammed Akram Muneer | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: This experiment was conducted to study the immunogenic response of '14 strain of NOV which was administered through different routes normaly practiced in Pakistan (eyedrop, drinking water, subcut and intramuscular)
Birds in group A were vaccinated intraocularly on 7th day of age and then on 21st day of age they were again vaccinated subcutaneously with '14 strain of NOV . The GMT titer on 12nd day of their. age was 169 and they showed 757. survival when challenged with VVNDV.
Group B was administered V4 strain of NDV in drinking water twice on 7th day of age and on 21st day of age. Their GMT HI titre on 42nd day was 104 .They showed 70%. protection percentage when challenged with virulent virus.
Chicks of group C were vaccinated introcularly with V4 strain on 7th day of their age and intramuscularly on 21st day of their age with V4. Their sera when analysed on 42nd day of age indicated GMT HI titre of 181. They showed highest protection 807. when , Challenged with virulent virus.
Group 0 was vaccinated intraocularlywith Mukteswar strain of MDV on 7th day again substaneously on 2lth day . Their GMT H.I titre was 194 on 42nd day of age.
Challenged with VVNDV protected 85% birds.
This study indicates that V4 strain of NOV induces higher H I titer and protection percentage when administered 1/rn than S/C and drinking water routes. However Mukteswar strain gives more HI titer and protection than V4 strain through S/C route.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0307,T] (1).
60.
Mineral Imbalances In Dairy Cattle Of Pakistan
by Ghulam Hussain | Muhammed Yaqoob malik | Mian nisar ahmed | Rashid Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: To determine the mineral status of indigenous cattle about 300 blood samples were collected from Lahore, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Sahiwal, Okara, Faisalabad, Sargodha, Jhang and Gujrat districts of Punjab, and Hyderabad, Mirpurkhas and Karachi districts of Sindh because of having high population of cattle. The blood samples were collected from four different groups of cattle (1) calves (2) heifers (3) dry pregnant (4) lactating non pregnant. The serum was separated from blood samles by centrifugation. Serum sample were analysed for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Iron and Cobalt. (Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium were analysed on spectronic 20. Sod)1I1 and Potassium were analysed on flamphotometer. Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Iron and Cobalt were analysed on atomic absorption spectrophotometer)The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis by using complete randomized design and the differences in means were tested by using (LSD Test) least significant difference test.
The mean values of serum mineral in cattle of Punjab were, Calcium, 9.34+ 0.41 mg/100 ml, Phosphorus 4.660.25 mg/100 ml, Magnesium 2.02±0.23 mg/100 ml, Sodium 290.61 11.8 mg/l00 ml, Potassium 18.55±0.56 mg/100 ml, Zinc l.06±0.09 ppm, Copper 1.05±0.14 ppm, Manganese .56±0.04 ppm, Iron 1.38±0.06 ppm and Cobalt 0.089±0.007 ppm. The mean value of serum mineral in cattle of Sindh were Calcium 8.83±0.43 mg/100 ml, Phosphorus 4.48±0.23 mg/l00 ml, Magnesium 2.08+0.21 mg/100 ml, Sodium 273.43±18.69 mg/100 ml, Potassium 18.21±0.72 mg/100 ml, Zinc 0.96+0.12 ppm Copper 0.96±0.11 ppm, Manganese 0.54±0.05 ppm, Iron 1.2±0.157 ppm and Cobalt 0.085.±0.009 ppm. Nonsignificant difference in values of serum minerals in cattle (P> 0.05) were found within different groups and between provinces, while significant differences were found between districts (P< 0.05). This variation may be due to different plan of nutrition composition of soil water and climate etc.
The serum Calcium values were almost normal but mild deficiency was found in cattle of Gujrat, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Jhang districts of Punjab while Karachi and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The serum Phosphorus level was low in cattle of Punjab and Sindh and acute deficiency was observed in Faisalabad, Gujrat, Shéikhupura and Jhang districts of Punjab, Karachi and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The serum Magnesium values showed deficiency in Sheikhupura, Sargodha and Jhang districts of Punjab and Karachi district of Sindh. The serum Sodium values were almost normal in cattle of all districts. The serum Potassium values were normal in cattle of all districts except Sargodha in Punjab. The serum Zinc values were low in animals of all districts and severe deficiency was found in cattle of Okara, Sahiwal and Sheikhupura districts of Punjab and Karachi Hyderabad, and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The serum Copper values of animals were found low in Okara, Lahore and Sheikhupura districts of Punjab and Karachi and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The serum Manganese values were found deficient in districts of Gujranwala, Gujrat, Sahiwal, Sheikhupura and Jhang in Punjab and Hyderabad district of Sindh. The serum Iron values were normal in animals of both provinces of Punjab and Sindh except Lahore,, Sargodha, Jhang and Sheikhupura districts of Punjab and Hyderabad district in Sindh. The serum Cobalt values were found low in cattle of Sahiwal, Okara and Sheikhupura districts of Punjab and Karachi and Mirpurkhas districts of Sindh. The overall mineral status of cattle of Punjab province was slightly higher than Sindh except Magnesium mineral and the difference was nonsignificant while between the groups of animals were found non significiant. The variation in serum mineral values in cattle might be due to plan nutrition, low mineral status of soil, composition of water and climate etc.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0310-T] (1).
61.
Effect Of Substitution Of Fish Meal With Corn Gluten Meal On The Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Hamid, A | Nisar Ahmed | Imtiaz Hussain | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The present study was under taken to investigate the effect of substitution of fish meal which is comparatively costly protein supplement with cheaper corn gluten meal on the performance of broiler chicks. One hundred and fifty day old (male and female) hubbard broiler chicks were reared on five experimental rations upto 50 days of age. The control ration contained 14.347. fish meal which was replaced by the corn gluten meal at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 127. levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent on protein equivalent basis). The starter rations were fed upto 28 days of age and remaining 22 days finisher rations were fed.
Results revealed non-significant differences among weight gain of chicks fed different experimental starter rations. However, significant differences among weight gain of chicks fed on finisher rations were noticed. The chicks fed on ration containing 100 percent and 75 percent fish meal were heavier as compared to those chicks fed on ration in which fish meal was replaced with corn gluten meal upto 50 percent on protein equivalent basis. Non significant differences in total weight gain were noticed amongst chicks fed on different experimental rations.
Highly significantly more feed was consumed by the chicks fed on starter and finisher rations containing 100 per cent and 75 per cent fish meal as compared to those chicks fed on other experimental rations. Non-significant differences in total feed consumption were noticed in chicks fed on various experimental rations.
Apparently better feed utilization in chicks were noticed by addition of corn gluten meal at different levels i.e. 3, 6, 9 and 12 per cent in the starter and finisher rations. However non-significant differences among the feed efficiency values were observed in chicks fed on various experimental rations.
Present results revealed that corn gluten meal at 3, 6, 9 and 12 per cent levels in broiler rations was equally well utilized as source of protein supplement as fish meal on the performance of broiler chicks.
The present study indicated that addition of corn gluten meal did not significantly effect the growth rate however slightly decreased with progressive increase of corn gluten meal in the ration. Feed efficiency was comparable with that of fish meal. Results further indicated that ration containing corn gluten meal were comparatively cheaper and cost per kg of live weight was decreased, therefore, net profit per chick was greater.
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62.
Induction Of Puberty In Prepubertal Buffalo Heifers By Pulsatile Administration Of Gnrh
by Kabir Hussain Tahir | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Tayyab Rahil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Eighteen pre-pubertal Nili-Ravi buffalo heifers (Bubalus bubalis) with mean (± S.E.) age 22±0.79 months and weight 290±4.62 Kg, respectively were randomly divided into PG (progesterone + GnRH), PN (progesterone + normal saline) and C (control) groups. Heifers in PG and PN groups were pre-treated with progesterone (Crestar implants) for 10 days, then assigned randomly to: PC) received pulses of GnRH (n=6;5 pg/2 h for 72 h), PN) received normal saline (n=6) in the same manner as PG group and C) served as controls (n=6). Blood samples were collected on the days 0(first day 1st of experiment), 3, 6 and 10 of progesterone pre-treatment and on days 11, 12 and 13 (during GnRH/normal saline treatment) and then 3 samples per week for 3 weeks.
In PG and PN groups, 100% (n=6) and 33.33% (n=2) heifers ovulated and exhibited oestrus. Behavioural signs of oestrus i.e. bellowing, frequent urination, position of tail, licking, appetite and isolation from herd were completely absent at oestrus, while mounting, allow mounting and acceptance of male were observed in 12.5%(n=l), 12.5% (n=1) and 87.5% (n=7) of heifers.
Changes in internal genitalia like ovulation from ovary, contraction of uterus/uterine horns and relaxed or open cervix were observed in 100% of heifers. Changes in external genitalia i.e. swollen vulva and hyperaeniia of vagina were observed in 100 and 87.5% of heifers, while 62.5% and 37.5% of helfers showed free flowing and by squeezing vaginal mucous discharge. The colour of the mucous was transparent, opaque and whitish in 37.5, 25.0 and 37.5% heifers. Consistency of the mucous was thin, viscous and thick in 25, 25 and 50% of the heifers, respectively.
It was observed that all (100%) buffalo heifers initiated the oestrous activity during evening hours and 75% and 25% heifers ended their oestruses during night time and day hours.
The overall mean (± S.E..) length of oestrus was 22±3.63 h (range 11 to 40 h). CL was palpable in all (100%) buffalo heifers on day 12 of the oestrous cycle which ovulated. The overall non- return rates were 25% (2/8).
Crestar implants (progesterone pretreatment) were not effective in heifers in maintaining the luteal-phase levels of progesterone in both PG and PN groups of buffalo heifers. Similarly, Plasma progesterone concentrations remained basal during pulsatile delivery of GnRH.
In GnRH-treated heifers, the ovulation was not followed by luteal-phase in 66.66% heifers, while only 33.33% heifers exhibited luteal-phase in which plasma progesterone concentrations rose (>l.Ong/ml) on days 9, 12 and 15 of the cycle.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0316,T] (1).
63.
Efficacy Of Albendazole Against Fascioliosis And Its Effects On Sgot, Sgpt And Serum Bilirubin In Buffaloes
by Dilshad Hussain | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Manzoor | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Fascioliasis causes great losses in buffaloes, if not treated. This study was designed to determine the efficacy of an anthelmintic, albendazole against the disease. The effects of the drug on serum bilirubin, SOOT and SGPT were also determined. For this purpose, 250 suspected buffaloes were selected and out of which forty positive cases having EPG above 200 were taken as infected group. The infected group was further divided into two equal groups C and D. Group C served as infected untreated control and group D was treated with albendazole. Similarly, forty healthy animals were divided into two equal groups A and B. The group A served as healthy untreated control while group B was treated with albendazole. All the animals were examined on zero day, 7th day and 14th day for the SOOT, SGPT and serum bilirubin. The ova counts per gram of faeces was performed only in infected groups on zero day, 7th day and 14th day.
Albendazole (Valbazen - SK&F) was 49.2 % effective on 7th day post-medication and 84.2 % effective on 14th day post- medication. The drug had no effect on SGOT, SGPT and serum bilirubin in healthy animals which indicated that it was non toxic at its terapeutic dosage level of 10 mg/kg body weight. The drug had positive effect on SGOT,SGPT and serum bilirubin through lowering their levels in infected animals on 7th day and 14th day post-medication at dosage rate of 10 mg/kg body weight. No side effects were observed in any animals during the experiment. Hence, albendazole (Valbazen) was concluded to be the effective and safe drug against fascioliasis in buffaloes at its therapeutic dosage level of 10 mg/kg body weight.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0318,T] (1).
64.
Comparative Studies On The Therapeutic Effect Of Cloprostenol And Antibiotics On Endometritis In Buffaloes
by Latif, M | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: This study was designed to test suitable drugs on the basis of their theraputic effect which are currently in practice to treat endometritis, a problem of high significance among the reproductive disorders of the buffalo in Pakistan.
One hundred and twenty Nili-Ravi buffaloes suffering from 1st degree of endometritis were used in this study. Six groups were constituted, having 20 animals in each group.
Twenty Nili-Ravi buffaloes in group A' were injected 500 mg of cloprostenol (Estrumate) and inseminated at the following oestrous.
Twenty Nili-Ravi buffaloes included in group 'B' were treated with oxytetracycline for five days using intra-uterine route. On next heat the buffaloes were inseminated.
Twenty buffaloes of group 'C' were treated with oxytet-racycline, opted single dose after intrarectally palpating the corpus luteum on the ovary. The buffaloes were inseminated on next heat
Twenty buffaloes of group 'D' were treated with Chioramphenicol for five days using intra-uterine route. The animals were inseminated on next heat
Nili- Ravi buffaloes included in group 'E' were treated with Chloramphenicol after palpating the corpus luteurn. opting single dose. The animals were inseminated on next heat.
The Nili-Ravi buffaloes included in Group 'F' were used as control and inseminated without treatment. During the fertility trials the conception rate calculated after rectal-palpation for pregnancy diagnosis was 60%, 55%, 45%, 50%, 40% and 35% for groups A, B, C, D, E and F respectively.
On the basis of conception rate percentage(60%) and services per conception (1.6) estrumate was declared as drug of choice1,among these tested in the present study.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0320,T] (1).
65.
Studies On The Gross & Microscopic Structures On Urteri And Cervices During Different Stages Of Estrous Cycle In Teddy Goat
by Mazhar Iqbal | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Nisar Ahmed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: In Pakistan goat production has developed into one of the most important and significant agricultural enterprises which not only yields sizable quality of meat and milk but also provides hides and skin both for local consumption as well as export. although Pakistan is the second largest sheep and goat producing country in the near East region, little effort has been made to establish the macro, micro anatomy and biometry of the female reproductive organs of the Teddy goats.
The present study relates, macro and micro studies on the uteri and cervices of 40 (ten from each stage of estrous cycle) healthy, non-gravid female Teddy goats upto one year of age in and around Lahore. The average values recorded in this study indicated the length of greater curvature, lesse curvature, width and thickness of right uterine horn were to be 11.19 ± 0.42, 9.94 ± 0.38, 1.40 ± 0.02 and 0.24 ± 0.01 cm and those for left horn were 11.65 ± 0.46, 10.4 ± 0.37, 1.42 4± 0.03 and 0.23 ± 0.03 cm. The mean number of caruncle and their diameter for right horn were 64.3 ± 1.94 and 0.28 ± 0.01 cm and for left horn were 66.2 ± 0.54 and 0.32 ± 0.01 cm respectively. The average length, width and wall thickness for the uterine body were 1.46 ± 0.09, 1.45 ± 0.16 and 0.24 ± 0.01 cm. The mean length and width for the cervix were 2.84 ± 0.08 and 1.42 ± 0.08 cm. The average no. of cervical rings were 4.52 ± 0.07. The left horn was found more in length than right horn. The maximum weight of uterine horn was observed during the estrus stage of the estrous cycle. The average weight for the right uterine horn, left uterine horn, uterine body and cervix were 5.25 ± 0.36, 5.42 ± 0.40, 1.54 ± 0.14 and 2.14 ± 0.21 gm respectively. The significant uterine histological feature was the presence of a simple columnar surface epithelium in the proestrus stage and pseudostratified columnar in the estrus, metestrus and diestrus stages of the estrous cycle. The surface epithelium of the cervix was found to be simple columnar during all stages of the estrous cycle. Further more no true glands were observed in the cervical wall. The lumen of cervix was seen divided by a number of longitudinal folds during all stages of the estrous cycle.
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66.
Effect Of Different Egg Yolk Levels On The Quality Of Frozen Buffalo Bull Semen
by Afzal, M | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: The comparative study of various egg yolk levels in the extenders used for deep freezing of buffalo semen was conducted at Semen Production Unit, Qadirabad (Sahiwal). The routinely used Lactose-Fructose-Glycerol semen extender was added with 20, 15, 10, 5 and 0% egg yolk concentration in five experimental extenders. 50 ejaculates collected from 10 buffalo bulls were frozen in Liquid Nitrogen. Each semen sample from all bulls and egg yolk levels was evaluated for post-thaw sperm motility, livability and absolute index of livability.
The average values obtained from egg yolk levels and bulls for all test parameters were found statistically high (P < 0.01) at 10 percent egg yolk level as compared to all others. The order of merit for post-thaw motility, livability and the absolute index of livability at 10, 20, 15, 5 and 0% egg yolk level was 45.9%, 43.5%, 42.9%, 33.7% and 8.7% for motility, 9.8, 9.34, 9.3, 7.68 and 2.75 (Hours) for livability and 231.6, 207.95, 204.85, 123.25 and 13.85 for livability index, respectively.
The comparative mean values obtained from each bull were observed non-significant for post-thaw sperm motility but were found significantly higher (P < 0.05) among bulls regarding livability and the absolute index of livability.
On the basis of the results obtained in the present study it may be concluded that due to synergestic effect between glycerol and the presence of 10% concentration of egg yolk in the extender, being comparatively more economical, exhibiting better visibility and on account of high values obtained from motility, livability and absolute index of livability, an extender containing 10% egg yolk level is recommended for the preservation and deep freezing of buffalo bull semen in Liquid Nitrogen for obtaining optimal semen quality.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0322,T] (1).
67.
The Effect Of Different Levels Of Prostaglandin (Pgf 2 Alpha) In Extender On The Liveability Of Ram Spermatozoa
by Tariq Mahmood | rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Imtiaz Hussain khan | S.A.Jafri | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1992Dissertation note: Pooled semen from six Lohi rams was extended in semen extender (Tris, Citric Acid, Fructose, Egg Yolk, Glycerol and Antibiotics). This extender was divided into four portions, four levels of prostaglanclin i.e. 0, 50, 100 and 150 ug/mI were added to the A, B, C and D Portions of extender respectively. These four levels ere compared on the basis of post thawing motility percentage, liveability (hours) of spermatozoa at 37°C and absolute index of liveability.
immediately after collection, the semen samples were examined for physical characteristics. Semen from each batch was filled in the plastic straws of four different colours (0.5 ml capacity), sealed with Polyvinyl Powder. Freezing was carried out in the liquid nitrogen at. -196°C for Storage.
Thawing of the frozen semen straws was performed at 35°C for 30 seconds. The average values of post thawing motility percentage were 36.25 ± 10.6, 45.62 ± 11.16, 55,62 ± 11.16 and 67.5 ± 7.55 for levels A,. B, C and D respectively. The values of liveablity for the four levels were 6.37 ± 1.68, 7.75 ± 2.02, 9 ± 1.85 and 11.25 2.18. hours respectively. The absolute index of liveablity averaged 12 .25 ± 67.28, 181.31 ± 85.62, 251.27 ± 104.56 and 382.5 ± 114.83 for levels A, B, C anti D respectively. The effect of' four levels on post thawing motility percentage, 1iveability (hours) and absolute index of liveability was significant. It was concluded that semen with 150 ug/mg prostaglandin produced encouraging results in terms of post thawing motility and liveablity as compared to 0, 50 and 100ug/ml Prostaglandin.
There is ample documentation that artificial insemination in sheep permits reproductive performance comparable to that obtained by natural mating. Better fertility results can be obtained by improvmenents in processing of semen for freezing, thawing temperature, time for thawing insemination technique and by adding different preparations like prostaglandins in semen.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0323,T] (1).
68.
Studies On Rate Of Passage Of Ingesta And Digestibility Of Nutrients In Nili Ravi Buffalo, Sahiwal And Crossbred Cattle
by Ghulam Hussain Jaffar | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Ehtisham Pervaiz | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The project was planned to study the rate of passage of ingesta from the alimentary tract and digestibility of various nutrients in Buffalo, Sahiwal and cross-bred (Fresian x Sahiwal) calves. The rate of flow of irigesta through the digestive tract determins the rate of digestion of feed. The present investigation was an attempt to compare the flow rate of ingesta and digestibility of nutrients in Buffalo, Sahiwal andeross-bred calves.
The digestion trial was conducted on 4 buffalo, 4 Sahiwal & 4 cross-bred calves. Measurement of rate of passage of ingesta in the animals was made during 10 days after feeding of experimental ration containing stained wheat straw. Each calf was fed with a portion of the stained wheat straw (with 1% crystal voilet) - at the rate of 4% of their daily D.M intake. The collection of the faeces was initiated from the time of feeding to 14 hour post feeding, then at B hourly intervals during the next three days, at 8 hourly intervals for following 3 days, at 12 hourly interval during 7th and 8th day and at 18 hourly interval during the last 2 days. Stained particles were counted in each 2.5 gm of faeces obtained at each sampling period. With the help of sterioscope, the numbers of stained particles per sampling period were calculated and expressed as a percentage of total number of particles excreted during 242 hours of experimental period. The samples of ration and faeces voided were chemically analysed on D.M basis for crude protein, 'crude fibre, ether extract and mineral matter for digestibility studies.
At 14 hours post feeding of the animals 79, 325 and 239 with mean value of 19.75 ± 3.4, 81.25 ± 3.42 and 59.75 ± 5.12 total stained particles were voided in the faeces by Buffalo, Sahiwal and cross-bred calves respectively. The excretion rate of stained particles increased sharply upto 38 hours in Buffalo Calves (18.14%) 20 hours in Sahiwal calves 20.08% and 32 hours in cross-bred calves (16.81%) and it gradually decreased to 0.00% at 242 hours in all the species of animals. The rate of passage of ingesta through the alimentary tract of all species was highly significant (p<0.0l) up to 56th hour post feeding and was no significant thereafter.
Retention time of ingesta was more in Buffalo than Sahiwal and cross-bred cattle. However cross-bred had more retention time of ingesta than Sahiwal animals.
The dry matter and other nutrient - digestibility was more in Buffalo than other two species. However, the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen free extract was non-significant among different species of animals. Where as the digestibility of crude fibre, ether extract and mineral matter was significantly (p<0.01) more in buffalo than Sahiwal and cross bred cattle. The TDN value was also signficantly (p<0.0l) more in buffalo than Sahiwal and cross-bred cattle.
The longer retention of ingesta in buffalo as compared with Sahiwal and cross-bred cattlemight be responsible for more digestion of the nurtrients of the ingested feed in buffalo.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0331,T] (1).
69.
Epidemiological Studies On Trematodes Infestation In Buffaloes In District Gujrat
by Irshad Hussain Bhatti, Ch | Khalid Saeed | Mubasher Saeed Mian | Muhammed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The study was designed to find out the prevalence and intensity of treinatodes infestation in Buffaloes in Distt. Gujrat. For this purpose twenty villages out of 1516 were randomly selected. The study period was from January to May, 1991. The data were based on:
1. Informations obtained from nine Veterinary Hospitals regarding trematodal treated buffaloes.
2. Information obtained from buffaloes owners by interogations regarding trematodes infestations in buffaloes in the selected area.
3. Findings of five hundred buffaloes faecal samples from twenty villages.
4. In order to record the actual trematodal infestations, two hundred stomach and livers alongwith their bile-ducts were inspected in three abattoirs in District Gujrat.
Data collected from Veterinary Hospitals indicated that 1252 (19.39%) out of 6554 buffaloes were positive for treinatode infection.
Informations collected from owners of the buffaloes of twenty villages showed that 133 (17.52%) out of 746 young buffaloes and 689 (21.92%) out of 3143 adult buffaloes were effected with trematodes.
Five hundred faecal samples were tested by fresh smear and sedimentation method from twenty villages and found that 144 (28.8%) buffaloes were suffering from trematodes in District Gujrat.
In order to determine the intensity of fluke disease in the infected animals, quantitative faecal examination was done and it ranged from 30 - 87.6 epg indicating that the disease is likely to be pathogenic.
Overall incidence of trematodes recorded in slaughtered buffaloes was 76.5%.
It was concluded from the findings of the study that treinatodal infestation in buffaloes in District Gujrat are quite prevalent necessitating to adopt appropriate measures to control these infestations.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0340,T] (1).
70.
Prevalence Of Lymnaea Snails, In Lahore District, & Their Eradication By A Molluscicide Copper Sulphate
by Talib Hussain, Mughal | Dr. mhammad sarwar khan | Dr. Haji ahmad | Dr. Khalid parvez | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The study was designed to know about the prevalence of the Lymnaea snails, identification of infected and non infected snails with intermediate stages of liver fluke and to recommend suitable copper sulphate dilution i.e. lmg/66 and lmg/lOO as molluscicide under laboratory and experimental pond conditions. One thousand snail/tern specimens were collected, 200 from each of four ponds and a natural habitat. The snails were collected fortnightly between October 1992 to March 1993.
Prevalence of Lymnaea species was found to be 42.36% and infection of Lymnaea snails with intermediate stages of hepatica ranged between 37.50% and 68.75% in five habitats studied during the period from October 1992 to March 1993. copper sulphate dilution lmg/lO0 ml (10 PPM) was found to be effective as molluscicide and safe for other aquatic fauna and vegetation.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0346,T] (1).
71.
Study Of Enzyme Leakage At Various Egg-Yolk Levels During Freezing Process In Nili-Ravi Buffalo Semen
by Munir Ahmad Amer | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Asif Rabbani | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Present study was carried out on semen of 10 bulls over a period of 3 months maintained at Semen Production Unit, Qadirabad District Sahiwal. Semen sample$were evaluated for volume, mass motility, initial motility and sperm concentration. Accepted ejaculates having more than 60% initial motility were used for GOT, GPT and Hyaluronidase activity estimation. The Acrosin activity could not be estimated in diluents by the fact that optical density increases as a result of hydrolysis of substrate.
The GOT. GPT & Hyaluronidase values recorded in fresh semen were 38.27, 7.15 & 3.6 mu/ml, respectively. After extension of semen in lactose fructose egg yolk glycerol extender with five egg yolk levels i.e. 10, 15, 20, 25 & 30%, the GOT activity with these dilutions was found 65.74, 58.06, 56.08, 54.06 & 53.98. Whereas, these values were 18.74, 11.97, 10.84, 10.25 & 9.95 units for GPT. Under the same dilutions the Hyaluronidase activity was estimated as 6.71, 5.00, 4.91, 4.90 & 4.89 mu/ml, respectively.
After freezing, the GOT was found to be 65.78, 62.55, 61.40, 60.40 & 59.60 mu/ml for the same extended samples. The GPT values were 24.37. 18.03, 16.17, 16.01 & 15.93 mu/ml, and the recordes for hyalyronidase activity were 9.00, 8.00, 7.75, 7.79 & 7.78 mu/ml for 10, 15, 20, 25 & 30% egg yolk levels, respectively.
In vitro the most reliable & preferable method considered for the evaluation of semen preservation technique is the analysis of seminal plasma for several enzymes related with fertility, because the extra cellular concentration of these enzymes might serve as an index of membrane trauma.
In the light of results obtained in the present study and the values recorded at different egg yolk levels for the estimation of GOT, GPT and hyaluronidase enzyme activity indicated that 20-30 % level was comparatively more superior for the extension and deep freezing of buffalo semen.
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72.
Studies On Quantity & Quality Of Semen Produced By Friesian Bulls In Subtropical Conditions
by Majid, A | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Data of spermatological traits of 3490 ejaculates obtained during four years (1987 to 1990) from ten Friesian bulls were investigated to see the effects of age, seasons and bulls upon different seminal attributes. The age-wise overall mean values of different attributes of these bulls were: age and body weight at first ejaculation 329.7 days and 337.1 kilograms, number of ejaculates 7.41, ejaculate volume 4.08 ml, mass motility 1.14 grades, initial motility 51.43 per cent, sperm cells concentration 601.09 millions per ml, discarded ejaculates 3.17 and doses produced per ejaculate 32.66 number.
Age exerted highly significant effect (P<0.01) upon number of ejaculates, ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, ejaculate discarded and doses per ejaculate. A significant effect (P<0.05) was observed on percentage motility. There was a non-significant effect on moss motility. The 4th year was proved to be the best age for semen production because mean values of three seminal characteristics namely number of ejaculates, ejaculate volume and percentage motility were maximum during this year. Minimum mean ejaculates were also discarded during the 4th year.
Second year was observed as the worst year for semen production. Minimum mean values of number of ejaculates, ejaculate volume and percentage motility were observed in this year. Maximum mean ejaculates were also discarded during second year of age.
Seasons exerted highly significant effect (P<0.01) upon mass motility, percentage motility, sperm concentration, discarded ejaculates and doses per ejaculate. A significant effect (P<0.05) of seasons was observed upon number of ejaculates but the effect on ejaculate volume was non-significant (P>0 05)
The winter was proved to be the best semen producing season, because two seminal characteristics i.e. mass motility and pci centage motility had maximum mean values in this season Minimum mean ejaculates were also discarded in winter season The second best season was spring, in which ejaculate volume and doses per ejaculate were at their highest mean values
The worst season for semen production was humid hot season. Four seminal attributes i.e. number of ejaculates, mass motility, percentage motility and sperm concentration had minimum mean values in this season. Maximum mean ejaculates were also discarded in humid hot season. The second worst season was autumn. Only mean ejaculate volume and doses per ejaculate were at their lowest margin in autumn.
Highly significant effect (P<0.01) of bulls was observed upon ejaculate volume, mass motility and sperm concentration. Significant effect (P<0.05) of bulls was recorded for initial percentage motility and semen doses per ejaculate. The effect of bulls upon number of ejaculates and ejaculates discarded was found to be non-significant (P>0.05).
Bull No. F 16 proved to be the best bull for semen quantity and quality withmaximum number of ejaculates and maximum ejaculate volume. F 16 was also good in percentage motility, sperm cell concentration and doses per ejaculate. Moreover minimum ejaculates were discarded of F 16 too.
Bull No. 10 was the worst bull. Lowest values were observed in number of ejaculates, percentage motility and sperm concentration. F 10 was also not good in mass motility and maximum ejaculates were discarded from this bull.
The principle conclusion of this study is that if appropriate steps are taken to mitigate the effects of climate and high level of management practices is maintained, there appears to be no reason why high ambient temperatures and humidities should be inimical to successful semen production with Friesian bulls in the subtropical environments
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0350,T] (1).
73.
Comparative Study On Ordinary Alum Precipitated And Special Alum Precipitated H.S Vaccine By Dense
by Sajjad Hussain | Dr. Ata-ur-rehman rizvi | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad naeem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0351,T] (1).
74.
Effect Of Experimentally Induced Coccidiosis On Some Blood Parameters And Its Treatment With Embazin & Coxistac In Quails
by Anwaar Hussain, Syed | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the effects of experimentally induced coccidisis on some blood parameters and its treatment with Embazin and coxistac in Quails. For this purpose 300 day old quail chicks were obtained from a local hactchery and raised under standard, controlled coccidia free conditions. A commercial coccidiostat free feed was provide. At the age of 21 days. birds were divided into 4 groups comprising 60 birds each and shifted from brooder into a multistorey cage and grouped as tinder:Group A (60 quails) Infected and medicated with Embazin.
Group B (60 quails) Infected and medicated with Coxistac.
Group C (60 quails) Infected and non-medicated.
Group D (60 quails) Non-infected-Non-medicated.
Birds of group A, B and C were infected with 1 ml of coccidial inoculum having 50,000 sporulated oocysts given directly into crop. Group D was kept as control group. On fourth day post infection birds of all infected groups showed disease symptoms and at that time groups A and B was medicated with Embazin and Coxistac respectively. Four samples of blood and faeces were collected from each group on zero day, 5th day and 9th day of medication. In groups A and B Haemoglobin and Total Erythrocytic Count was lowered on 5th day and then increased on 9th day of medication oocyst count was Nil on 9th day of medication in group A and 92.30% reduction percentage was there is in group B. Haemoglobin and Total Erythrocytic Count decreased in group C upto 9th day ofmedication but oocyst count increased in this group. Increase percentage was 7.14% on 5th day and 14.28% on 9th day of medication. In group D Haemoglobin andTotal Erythrocytic Count remained almost constant and oocyst count was found Nil throughout the experimental period.
The best feed conversion Ratio of 3 was recorded in group D whereas group "C" which was infected but not treated showed worst feed conversion ratio i.e. 4. Group A & B revealed intermediate F.C.R. of 3.6 and 3.8 respectively.
Hishest mortality of 33.33% was recorded in group C, 13% in group B and 11.66% in group A. In group D mortality was Nil. From the findings of study it was concluded that Embazin was drug of choice for the treatment of coccidiosis in quails.
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75.
A Comparative Study Of Helminth And Haemoparasites Of Domestic And Wild Pigeons
by Asma Hussain | Dr. Mubashir Saeed Mian | Dr. Asif Rabbani | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: There is an increasing interest in pigeons and other game and ornamental birds. These birds are generally kept either free roaming or confined in outdoor pens and hence are vulnerable to various parasitic infectious, which greatly effects the productivity of these birds.
The meat production of the pigeons can be improved by controlling disease problems particularly helrninths and blood protozoan infections, so that in near future they may contribute towards narrowing down the animal protein supply gap by substituting poultry meat with squabs.
The present work was planned for the comparative study of helminths and heemoparasites of domestic and wild pigeons. For this purpose 300 each of guts and blood smears were studied. The overall incidence of gastrointestinal helminths and blood protozoans was 77.33% and 31.99% respectively, while 36% of birds had mixed infection. The incidence of gastro-intestinal helminths and blood protozoa in wild pigeons was 89.33 and 20.66 percent respectively and in domestic pigeons it was 65.33% and 11.33% respectively. Whereas mixed infections were 22% and 14% respectively.
The following species of helmitiths and blood protozoa were recorded and identified.
1. Raillietina tetragona
2. Raillietiiia cesticillus
3. Choanolaenia infundibulum
4. Ascaridia colurnbae and
5. Cap illaria obgnata
The two species of blood protozoa recovered were:
1. Aegypanella pullorum and
2. Haeiçotuscumbae
Among the helrninths recorded, cestodes were found predominating as compared with nernatodes in both wild and domestic pigeons. Raillietina cesticillus was the most common cestode species in both Wild and domestic pigeons i.e. 51 and 33 percent respectively while Asci colurnbae predominated the nernatode species i.e. 18 and 15 percent respectively. The Incidence was higher in wild pigeons.
Aegyptianella pullorum was more common blood protozoan i.e. 22 and 11 percent respectively in wild and domestic pigeons. The incidence of Haemoproteus clumbae was 9 and 11 percent respectively.
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76.
Studies On The Use Of Brewer'S Dried Yeast (Saccharomyces Yeast) As Vegetable Protein Source In Broiler
by Zahid Hussain | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Jawad Ahmad Qureshi | Dr. M. Aslam.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: As about 60% of the total cost of poultry production incurs on feed, therefore, it is the major component, which mostly affects the economical poultry production. Unfortunately the poultry industry of Pakistan is mainly affected by substandard poultry feeding, which is due to limited availability of quality feed resources particularly protein sources. The incorporation of various non- conventional vegetable protein sources in poultry feed, if properly added have given satisfactory results.
Keeping in view a study was conducted to determine the nutritional value of Brewer's dried yeast replacing sesame meal on growth rate and feed utilization of broiler chicks.
Two hundreds and ten day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into seven groups of 30 birds each so as to have three replicate per group, each having ten chicks. The chicks were fed on seven different experimental rations A to G containing Brewer's dried yeast at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% of the ration respectively replacing sesame meal.
The results indicated that average weight gain of the chicks fed experimental ration A to G was 1203, 1175, 1175, 1166, 1138, 1127 and 1096 grams respectively. There was a proportionate depression in weight gain as the level of Brewer's dried yeast was increased. The proportionate depression in weight gain with increasing level of Brewer's dried yeast replacing sesame meal could be attributed to poor quality amino acid profile or biological value of the yeast as compared with sesame meal. It could also be attributed to certain anti-nutritional factors or high amounts of nucleic acids of yeast. The feed consumption of the chicks fed experimental ration A to G was 2516, 2484, 2526, 2502, 2436, 2501 and 2469 grams respectively. The chicks fed ration C consumed greater amount of feed, while the chicks fed ration E had the poor feed consumption. The feed consumption showed no proper pattern as was observed in case of weight gain and there was non-significant difference in feed consumption of different groups of chicks The feed conversion ratio of the chicks fed experimental rations A to C was 2.06, 2.11, 2.15, 2.15, 2.14, 2.15 and 2.15 respectively. The results indicated that the chicks fed ration A had the best feed conversion ratio of 2.06 and the feed conversion ratio was adversely affected on account of incorporation of Brewer's dried yeast. The dressed weight of the chicks fed ration A to 0 was 612, 600, 599, 593, 577, 577 and 555 grams respectively. The dressed weight showed the same trend as was observed in weight gain. The dressing percentage was 50.9, 50.1, 50.4, 51.30, 50.80, 51.20 and 50.60 percent respectively and there was hon-significant difference among difference groups. Similarly the weight of internal organs of the chicks per 100 grams of dressed weight i.e. Liver, Spleen, Pancreas, Heart and Gizzard showed non-significant difference among different groups. The economics of incorporation of Brewer's dried yeast revealed that the replacement of sesame meal with Brewer's dried yeast was economically viable.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0417,T] (1).
77.
Evaluation Of Uretero Jejunocolostomy For Urinary Diversion In The Dog
by Aneeta Hussain | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Arif Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Urinary diversion is the procedure adopted for urine expulsion in the most natural way, in the absence of the urinary bladder. In the beginning of the twentieth century many surgeons of human side as well as veterinarians used intestines for performing urinary diversion. They adopted many methods for this purpose but only a few were found to be successful. These procedures were used to relieve the animal from malignant bladder carcinomas, severe damage of bladder and urethra during accidents, and extrophy of urinary bladder etc. These diseases mostly cause urinary discomfort, incontinence of urine and painless heamaturia and cystectomy becomes a necessity.
During this study fifteen healthy dogs of either sex were used. Laparotormy was performed under aseptic precautions. The small intestine was exteriorized through. the incision and the terminal portion of jejunum was identified. A 6-8 cm portion of the jejunurn was selected and milked to clear it of from the feacal materials. This portion was isolated from rest of the intestinal tract with the Doyen's intestinal clamps and was cut off with its mesenteric blood supply remaining intact. The continuity of the small bowel was restored by end to end anastomosis. The vent in mesentery was closed by simple continuous sutures. The isolated Jejunal segment was wrapped in a piece of gauze soaked in normal saline.
The urinary bladder was emptied in females by gentle digital pressure and in males by mean of a disposable syringe. The ureters were amputated obliquely down to the trigone area and bladder was excised. Afterwards one end of the Jejunal segment was closed by lambert sutures. A small hole was created on the right side at the upper third portion which cut through the first three layers. From this hole a 2 cm long submucosal tunnel was created going towards the open end of the segment. The cut end of the ureter was sutured to the mucosa of the Jejunal segment using 3/o prolyene simple interrupted sutures. On the left side of the segment the other ureter was implanted similarly.
A longitudinal incision equal to the diameter of jejunal segment was made at the antimesenteric border of the distal portion of colon. The open end of jejunal segment was implanted here using 3/0 chromic catgut via side to end anastomosis with simple I nierrupted crushing sutures, thus creating an intestinal bladder. Finally the abdomen was closed in routine manner. It was concluded on the basis of this study that:
1. Viable segment of small bowel with blood and nerve supply intact can be used as a bladder.
2. Voiding occurs in the most natural possible way without any need of an external reservoir.
3. There was no ascending infection, so kidneys remained normal.
4. Use of antibiotics for rest of the life was not needed.
The successful attempt of making a new bladder strengthened the belief in cases where there was no other way of saving the animal's life except surgical intervention. So the veterinarian should involve himself with the core of his heart in the operative procedure with the aim of achieving good results. Whether he loses or gains, he must have a satisfaction of being loyal to his profession.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0423,T] (1).
78.
Effect Of Different Dietary Energy Levels On Growth And Onset Of Sexual Maturity In Sahiwal Heifers
by Hussain, M | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Mr. Anjum.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The study was conducted to determine the influence of different dietary energy levels on growth rate, feed efliciency, feed intake, nutrient digestibility and sexual maturity in Sahiwal heifers. Eighteen Sahiwal heifers of 15-20 months age were andomly divided into three groups. Three experimental rations providing dietary energy levels 100, 80 and 120 percent of NRC (1989) were used and designated as A, B and C.
During a period of 90 days, the heifers gained 54.1, 52.5 and 55.5 Kg. weight under plan A, B and C, respectively. The differences in gain in weight of heifers plans A, B and C were non significant. Average daily dry matter intake were 4.84, 4.90 and 4.93 Kg. under groups A, B and C, respectively. The statistical analysis showed non significant differences among dry matter intakes under different plans of nutrition Daily intakes of crude protein under plans A, B and C were almost similar. Feed efficiency was 8.86, 8,91 and 8.83 for group A, B and C, respectively. The difference in feed efficiency was non significant among different groups.
The digestibility coefficient of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and crude fibre ranged from 54.76 to 59.8, 59.5 to 61.0, 66.1 to 72.5 and 64.1 to 67.1 for all groups, respectively. The statistical analysis of data did not indicate any significant differences with respect to digestibility of various nutrients of the rations among different plans of nutrition.
Physiologica1 studies were also performed on experimental heifers to ascertain the effect of different dietary energy levels on serum protein, serum glucose and serum progesterone. Average serum concentration of protein, glucose and progesterone were 7.06 to 7.79 gm/dl 103.09 to 134.4lmg/di and 1.08 to 1.20/dl, respectively in all groups. Concentration of serum protein and serum progesterone were statistically non significant among all groups. The concentration of serum glucose was statistically significant among three groups. Effect of different dietary energy levels on age of puberty of heifers was also studied but none of heifers of all groups showed sign of oestrus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0457,T] (1).
79.
A Comparative Study On Reproductive Performance Of Friesian Cows, Due To Variable Environmental Influences,
by Rafique Tareen, M | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmed Chaudhary | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: The breeding records of 200 Friesian cows collected during 1977 to 1995 at Govt. Dairy Farm Quetta and 1983 to 1995 at Pishin, Balochistan were analysed. The parameters of reproductive performance like age at puberty, age at first calving, conception rate, service period, gestation period, calving interval, dry period and reproductive efficiency were determined. An effort was made to study the influence of the environmental factors on the reproductive traits.
The overall average age at puberty for 200 cows (150 heifer at Quetta and 50 heifers at Pishin) was 684.21±11.91 days at Quetta and 662.51±3.90 days at Pishin. Season of birth had highly significant effect on the maturity age. Winter born heifers matured earlier as compared to those born in other seasons. The data indicated that cows at Pishin matured earlier than that heifers at Quetta.
The age at first calving averaged 978.01 ± 17.39 days at Quetta and 958.90±16.311 clays at Pishin with range from 501-1100 days.
The overall average conception rate was 48.93% at Quetta and 50.33% at Pishin. The service period of cows at Pishin averaged 88.90±4.30 days and at Quetta, 81.30±3.3 days. Minimum service period was observed after Winter and maximum after Summer calving at Quetta. At Pishin minimum service period after Spring and maximum service period after Winter. The overall average length of calving interval was 464.20±4.9 days at Quetta and 361.11±38.00 days at Pishin.
Highly significant (P <0.05) difference in calving interval were recorded between Farms. Longest calving interval 374.50 days after Summer to Autumn calving and shorter calving interval 351.90 days after Spring calving were observed at Govt. dairy farm Quetta, but at Pishin longest calving interval 365.00 days after Autumn calving and shorter calving interval 356.10 were found days after Spring calving respectively. The dry period of Holstein Friesian averaged 69.7 ±2.9 days at Quetta and 65 ±3.50 days at Pishin. The result was highly significantly due to Farm difference. The overall reproductive efficiency of Holstein Friesian cows maintained at Govt. Dairy Farm, Quetta and Pishin, was 81±1.00% and 83±1.25%, respectively.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0479,T] (1).
80.
Seasonal Variation In Breeding Patterns Of Buffalo In Punjab
by Col. Ahmed Khan | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. Muhammed | Prof.Dr. Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: Buffalo plays a pivotal role in the economy of poor and landless farmers. Seasonal calving trend of buffalo has caused shortage of milk during the Summer season when it is required more. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of season on reproductive and productive traits of buffaloes.
In this project Artificial Insemination data of 5 Districts of Central Punjab and breeding data of the Livestock Experimental Station, Rakh Dera Chahi, Lahore were used. Analysis of variance was applied to study the effect of season on Artificial Insemination and Farm data.
Data analysis indicated a significant effect of season on breeding, fertility and calving. Both Artificial Insemination and Farm data indicated high (P<0.05) breeding trend during Autumn and Winter season. Fertility were significantly (P<0.05) low during Autumn. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of calving season on the calving interval and milk production.
The conclusion revealed that the provision of ideal management, avoiding the extreme weather conditions, ensuring the availability of balanced adequate ration throughout the year and protection from other stresses of diseases etc., it may be possible to derive all the productive and reproductive traits from this versatile animal round the year without any significant effect of the various seasons.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0489,T] (1).
81.
A Study On The Effect Of Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticide Talstar (Bifenthrim) On Immune Response In Broiler Chicken
by Fida Hussain | Prof. Dr. A.R. Rizvi | Dr. Muhammad Naeem | Prof. Dr. Rashid | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0520,T] (1).
82.
Induction Of Parturition In Buffaloes Using Dexamethasone In Conjunction With Prostglandin (Pgf2 Alpha)
by Arif Majeed | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The present study was intended to study the effect of prostaglandin (PGF2 alpha) and dexarnethasone on reproduction and production of Nili-Ravi buffaloes after parturition. For this purpose eighteen pregnant Nili-Ravi buffaloes were selected on the basis of their breeding history, with good health status, their lactation phases were 3rd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 9th and 10th respectively. These animals were divided into three equal groups viz group A, B and C, each comprising 6 animals. These animals were kept under uniform managemental and feedings conditions. Each buffalo in groups A and B were injected with 20mg dexamethasone and 526ig cloprostenol sodium (PGF2 alpha) intramuscularly on day 10 and 15 respectively before their expected term, while the buffaloes, in group C served as a control.
From the present study it was concluded that parturition can be induced at day 10 and 15 prior to their expected term successfully did not affect the production and reproductive efficiency of Nili-Ravi buffaloes. The use of PGF2 alpha and dexamethasone before parturition in buffaloes did not affect the milk yield of each buffaloes as compared with control group, and also the calve birth weight compared with control group. The only complication we found was the retention of foetal membrane, in all the treated buffaloes. No retention of foetal membrane was found in the control group. So the calving interval could be reduced by reducing the duration of pregnancy. It was also concluded that by induction the lactation period could be increased.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0546,T] (1).
83.
Morphological Abnormalities In The Spermatozoa Of Cross Bred Cow Bulls During Summer Season
by Afzal, M | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Dr. Imriaz Hussain Khan | Prof. Dr | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: In this study twelve normally producing breeding bulls three of each Sahiwal and Friesian breeds and six bulls of 50% Cross-bred were selected. The mean volume of ejaculates were 4.87, 4.22 and 5.95m1 in Sahiwal, Friesian and Cross-bred, respectively. There is no significant difference among the volume of breeds during the months May, June and July. The semen concentration were 637.369, 606.554 and 312.806 million per ml in Sahiwal, Friesian and Cross-bred. However, the concentration of spermatozoa in Cross-bred were significantly lower (P<0.01) as compared to Sahiwal and Friesian bulls.
The overall average values for head abnormalities percentage were significantly lower (P <0.01) in Sahiwal vs Friesian and Crossbred (2.65 vs 7.20 and 8.90%) respectively during summer season.
The neck abnormalities percentage were significantly lower (P<0.01) in Sahiwal vs Friesian and Cross-bred 1.13 vs 3.52 and 5.59% respectively during summer season. Similarly the values of mid piece abnormalities percentage were significant higher in Cross bred vs Sahiwal and Friesian (2.04 vs 0.60 and 1.83%) respectively during summer season. The same results pertaining to protoplasmic droplets and tail abnormalities were obtained.
The overall average abnormalities percentage in spermatozoa of Sahiwal breed were significantly lower vs Friesian and Cross-bred (8.64 vs 21.32 and 27.67%) respectively during summer season. These results indicated that Exotic breed (Friesian) as well as Cross-bred have poor adaptability against the stress of the high temperature during summer season, so they produce lower quality semen.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0549,T] (1).
84.
Role Of Single Injection Of Prostaglandin F2 Alpha On Breeding Efficiency Of Buffaloes
by Sajid Iqbal | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Dr.Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr.Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: In the present study, a total of twenty Nili-Ravi buffaloes were divided into two equal groups. In group A ten buffaloes were administered with prostagladin F2 alpha (Lutalyse, Upjohn), 2 hours after calving. In group B, ten buffaloes were not given any treatment and designated as control. The reproductive organs of each experimental buffalo were rectally palpated on day 14 and day 21 postpartum. After that twice a week rectal palpation was carried out until the first postpartum oestrus.
The results of present study revealed that cervical and uterine involution was completed significantly (P < 0.05) earlier in group A as compared to group B (28.90± 1.79 and 35.40±3.95 days). There was no significant difference in the diameter of cervix, gravid and nongravid uterine horn at day 14 postpartum. A significant difference between the groups was obtained on days 21, 25 and 28 postpartum in the diameter of cervix and gravid horn. The corpus luteum (CL) of pregnancy regressed very rapidly following calving. The overall period required for complete regression of corpus luteum of pregnancy was (19.20±4.87 days) in treated group and (18.40±6.07 days) in control groups. The difference was significant.
Follicular activity resumed independently of uterine involution. It was, however, delayed slightly by the retained corpus luteum of pregnancy. The mean postpartum interval of initial follicular development was 21.20±5.71 days in treated and 28.20±8.75 days in control groups, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).
Postpartum oestrus interval was shortened in treated group (79.50±19.83 days) as compared to control group (103.0± 17.45 days) and the difference was significant (P<0.05). So it seems beneficial to administer prostaglandin F2 alpha in postpartum buffaloes to reduce the period for uterine involution and enhance the subsequent reproductive performance.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0585,T] (1).
85.
Immunomodulatory Effect Of Brucella Abortus Vaccine Strain Rb51 In Cross Bred Cows At Private Farms In Lahore
by Shafique, M | Dr. Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr. M. Akram Munir | Dr. M. Aleem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: This project was designed to eradicate dangerous problem (Brucellosis) facing by livestock sector. Various trials of vaccine SRB51 were conducted and serum samples were taken to see the immune status of the animals by using serum tube agglutination test
(STAT).
For this purpose 100 animals of different age groups were examined and lactating or non lactating animals were randomly selected from different private dairy farms in and around Lahore. The serum samples were collected and subjected to serological tests to detect the presence of antibodies against brucella abortus. The incidence of brucellosis by RBPT was 16% and 14% by Standard tube agglutination test (STAT) in cattle. After screening the animals, we got 30 animals which were brucella abortus free, among these some animals were pregnant. We vaccinated the animal at neck region subcut with Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine. After vaccination we found that antibody titer was higher at four weeks and begins to lower at eight weeks and later on, by using STAT. We also observed in this study that no animal was aborted and no premature or weak calf was delievered at parturition. So it can be said that the Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine is a safe vaccine and it has been used in a lot number of states of America. The results of this study have revealed an alarming prevalence of brucellosis in cattle at private farms which calls for an emergent response of experts for reappraisal and reassessment of the present brucellosis control situation, especially when the disease is an important zoonosis and potential threat to the human health.
It is anticipated that the trials would open new vistas and expose livestock (Dairy) scientists to new horizons of technical know how regarding brucellosis and associated problems. It is further hoped that the results obtained would make tangible contribution towards livestock and dairy industry.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0589,T] (1).
86.
Chemoprophylactic Trials Against Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea And The Study Of Relevant Haematological & Serological
by Muzaffar Hussain Bukhari, Syed | Dr.M.Athra Khan | Dr.M.Sarwar Khan | Dr.Sameera | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The economy of Pakistan depends upon its live stock population production. The present situation does not match this fact due to high calimortality rate due to infective agents in animals. The mortality rate is significantly higher in the neonates primarily due to neonatal calf diarrhoea.
As the management of neonates is usually not upto the mark and the health of calf is further endangered by the lack of laboratory diagnostic facilities and veterinary medical services at the village level. The present project was designed to solve the problem of our masses which was assume to study the effect of various chemoprophylactic agents against neonatal calf diarrhoea and the study of hematological, serological and bacteriological parameters.
For the present study thirty neonates were subjected through systematic random sampling for the comparative efficacy of colimune ora, cosumix plus, streptomagma, N.M.K. powder and biovct and their effect on haemotological, serological and microbiological parameters was studied. None of the animal manifested any clinical sign like diarrhoea, dehydration, scpteccmia or any of the organism was isolated from the fecal samples, which shows that all the drugs worked well prophylactically against neonatal calf diarrhoea. Only one out of five calves in group A (colirnune ora) died 48 hours after its birth. Postmortem rcpors revealed that there was a lot of fluid accumulation in gastero intestinal tract.
The present project was conducted at the Animal Nutrition centre, Rakh Dera Chahi, Lahore.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0601,T] (1).
87.
Use Of Prostaglandin (Pgf2 Alpha) To Induce Oestrus In Postpartum Non Cyclic Sahiwal Cows
by Amjad, M | Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aleem Bhatti | Dr.Imtiaz Hussain | Dr.Kamran | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The incidence of ovarian cysts in dairy cows in variously reported as ranging from 10-12 percent. Various factors are reported to influence the incidence of ovarian cysts. Factors that have been suggested are age, level of. milk production, nutrition, heredity, length of postpartum interval, frequency of examination of the reproductive tract and stress around the time of parturition. Ovarian cysts are a significant cause of reproductive failure because of prolongation of the interval from parturition to the first oestrus. Twenty four postpartum anoestrus Sahiwal cows at 85 days postpartum were selected and randomly divided into the groups viz group A and B. Group A (n=12) cows were injected 2m1 (5mg) prostaglandin F2 alpha (Prostavet, Virbac, France) intramuscularly (i/rn) at day 85 postpartum without palpation. A second injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha was given 11 days apart to those cows who had not responded to first injection. Rectal palpation was performed at 105 days postpartum to confirm the presence of corpus luteum on the ovary. A third injection was given at 118 days postpartum to those cows that had not responded to 1st and 2nd injection of PGF2c. The cows in group B were not given any treatment and served as control. The cows were artificially inseminated on the basis of standing heat 12 hours after the detection of heat. Oestrus detection was made by teasing, behavioural symptoms, physical changes and rectal palpation. In group A and B the oestrus response was 66.66% and 25% respectively. This response was greater in cows of group A than group B. There was difference in behavioural symptoms and physical changes among the groups. In group A the behavioural symptoms and physical changes were slightly more pronounced as compared to group B. Interval to onset of oestrus in group A was 96±15.08 hours whereas it was 25.0±1.0 days in group B. The length of oestrus in group A was 23.25±1.99 hours whereas it was 20.33± 1.45 hours in group B. The difference in the length of oestrus among the two groups was statistically non-significant (P> 0.05).
Group A animals exhibited oestrus during 89±0.62 days of postpartum. In group B animal exhibited oestrus at 110±0.19 days of postpartum and the difference was ignificant (P < 0.05). From the present study it is concluded that PGF2 treatment at 85 days postpartum leutolysed the luteal cyst and brings the cows in oestrus.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0607,T] (1).
88.
Effect Of Probiotics & Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicates On The Performance Of Broilers
by Iftikhar Hussain Akram | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Dr.Javed | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: This project was designed to observe the effects of Probiotics and Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicates on the growth, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the antibody titers of N.D. vaccine in broiler chicks.
For this, 360 chicks from SB chicks were purchased and were divided into four groups each comprising 90 chicks and furthermore each group was divided into three replicates in each having 30 chicks in it. The experiment lasted for forty two days. The birds were vaccinated according to the program of Rhone Merieux. The probiotic ( Protexin ) was given in group A @ 0.1% in feed and Mycotoxin (Mycoad ) was used in group B 0.2%, in group C ( combination of ProtexinO. 1%+Myco-ad 0.2% ) was given and group D was kept as control. The experiment was carried out at the level of 50ppb on aflatoxins. The use of probiotics and HSCAS is really beneficial in broiler production. The probiotics caused more weight gain (1925 gms. ) and better feed efficiency (F.C.R.2.2 ). On the other side, the results in case of HSCAS were really appreciating as there was controlled mortality (2.2%) acceptable weight gain (186 1.7gms.) and F.C.R.(2.13).
To use the product was also economical but in case of brobiotiscs it was uneconomical to use. The combination of both product gave very poor results which was, perhaps, due to antagonistic effect of both. The titers in group B where HSCAS was used, were found excellent ( day 28:35.2 GMT, day 35:4 1.6 GMT, day 42:46.4 GMT) as compare to control( day 28:20.8GMT, day 35:17.6 GMT, day 42:15.2GMT). So the group B (HSCAS ) gave the excellent performance in terms of weight gain, F.C.R., mortality % and remained quite protective throughout the experimentation against the N.D. disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0614,T] (1).
89.
A Study On The Effect Of Gnrh Analogue On Anovulation In Repeat Breeding Cross Bred Cows And Their Conception Rate
by Asif Rafiq | Prof.Dr.Rashid Ahmed Ch | Dr.Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr.Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The incidence of repeat breeding is high in cross-bred cows due to low LH level in the blood at the time of estrous. In this study Dalmarelin a GnRH analogue which induces ovulation in cows was used. Nine healthy animals with the history of repeat breeding and clinically normal genital tract were selected at the Livestock Production and Research Institute, Qadirabad, Okara. These animals were injected with dalmarelin (Lecirelin), at the dose rate of 2 ml IM. The injection was given on the zero day of estrous and later animals were inseminated artificially. Two blood samples were collected from these animals, one before the injection and artificial insemination i.e. on the zero day of estrous and the second at 10th day after the injection of Lacirelin for the detection of plasma progesterone concentration. Results indicated that five animals i.e. 55.5% had conceived. Similarly when detected 12 hours after the end of estrous five animals had ovulated out of which three animals were conceived. Finally, these animals were palpated rectally on the 90th day after artificial insemination and five animals with high concentration of progesterone on the 10th day, were, detected positive for pregnancy. None of the control animals ovulated and conceived.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0623,T] (1).
90.
Concentration Of Serum Electrolytes In Buffaloes In The Late Pregnancy Parturition & Postparturition Periods
by Shahzad Hussain | Dr.Muhammad Amir Saeed | Dr.Muhammad | Prof.Dr Rashid ahmad ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: This study was executed on 30 pregnant Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Serum was harvested for the estimation of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and iron in the late pregnancy (at 8t5 and 9th month of gestation), at parturition and in the postpartum periods (at 1st and 2" month postpartum). The mean values of Ca were 9.30, 7.95, 6.90, 8.43 and 7.33 mg/dl and of Mg were 2.38, 2.18,.2.81, 2.61 and 2.50 mgldl of serum in the above mentioned 5 stages, respectively. The mean concentration of P was 6.98, 4,15, 3,177, 4,76 and 5.38 mg/dl, respectively. The mean concentrations of Na were 147.14, 145.71, 146.50, 141.37 and 137.69 mmol/1 and of K were 4.90, 4.53, 4.31, 4.53 and 4.38 (mmol/1) of serum, respectively. The mean value of Fe was 269,36, 225.58, 212.82, 260.77 and 282.31 pg/dl of serum, respectively. The concentrations of Ca and P were significantly (P< 0.05) lower at the time of parturition. The value of Mg was significantly (P<zO.05) higher at the time of parturition. The concentrations of Na and K did not show much variation. The values of Fe also decreased significantly (P<0.0S) near parturition (at month of gestation) and at parturition. No puerperal disorder was observed in any of the experimental animals. Hence, the data of normal electrolyte values near parturition, at parturition and following parturition was obtained.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0628,T] (1).
91.
Comparative Reproductive Performance Of F1 & F5 Filial Groups Of Holstein Friesian X Sahiwal Crossbred Cows
by Tariq, M | Dr.Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Dr.Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr.M.Sarwar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Data of one hundred animals of two filial groups ½ (Fl and F5) had been analysed in this study. The animals were maintained at Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadarnagar, Okara during the year 1981-1999. The data was analysed to estimate the magnitude of different reproductive traits, namely, the age at maturity/puberty, age at first conception, age at first calving, service period, calving interval, gestation period, dry period, number of services per conception and conception rate.
The average mean values for the filial groups 34 (Fl and ES) of Holstein Friesian x Sahiwal crossbred cows i.e., Age at maturity, Age at first conception and Age at first calving were 725.98 days or 84 months and 740.95 days or 24 months, 761.54±216.67 days or 25 months and 789.73±138.64 days or 26 months and 1040,7±218.47 days or 34 months and 1069.60± 139.92 days or 36 months respectively. The average mean values for Service period and No. of service per conception were 178.90±114.04 days and 222.93±163.67 days and 2.15± 1.10 and 2.20± 1.15 respectively. For gestation period and Calving interval the average mean values were 279.19±8.0 days or 9 months and 280.53±7.8 days or 9 months and 459.54±115.54 days, 522.04±162.46 days respectively for the filial groups ½ (Fl and F5) of the Holstein Friesian x Sahiwal crossbred cows. The average mean values for the Dry period and Conception rate in the present studywere 155.79±104.54 days, 215.40±139.26 days and 2.15±1.10% and 2.20±1.15% for the ½ (Fl and F5) respectively.
The present study indicates that there is non-significant difference among the following reproductive traits of filial groups ½ (Fl and F5) i.e., Age at maturity/puberty, Age at 1st conception, Age at 1st calving, Gestation period, No. of services per conception and conception rate.
This study describes that there is a significant difference among these reproductive traits of ½ (Fl and F5) filial groups of Holstein Friesian x Sahiwal crossbred cows i.e., Calving interval, Service period and Dry period.
The main object of the crossbreeding was to evolve a new breed of cattle and even upto fifth generation the results are encouraging.
By the encourgining results of this study it is recommended/suggested that at present about 2 million heads of non-descript cattle population having very low genetic potential may be come useful by inseminating with exotic semen of Holstein Friesian. The crossbred animals have much superior germplasm as compared to non-discript animals.
Further, it is recommended to maintain fifty percent exotic blood level, which is best suited in the subtropical environmental countries like Pakistan.
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92.
Effect Of Timing Of Insemination On Conception Rate In Local And Cross Bred Cattle (Adult Cow) In Bannu And Wana
by Afzal Wazir, M | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Khalid Saeed | M.Subhan Qureshi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: A total 120 local breed cows were inseminated with frozen semen. Among these 60 cows were inseminated with single insemination, while 60 cows were inseminated twice in same oestrus period with interval of 6 hours. MI these cows were checked for pregnancy by rectal palpation method. Among these cows 30 cows were injected with progesterone 50 mg i/m one minute after insemination. The conception rate in control group is 43.33% and treated group 46.66% in single insemination while in double insemination 60% in control group and 63.33% in progesterone treated group respectively. It is concluded that double insemination with frozen semen in local cows increase conception rate, while the conception rate is also improved by progesterone treatment in single and double insemination in local breed cows. In cross bred 120 cows were inseminated with frozen semen. Among these 60 cows were inseminated single insemination and 60 cows were inseminated twice in same oestrus after 6 hours of interval. Traced all cows and checked for pregnancy by rectal palpation method. Among these in each group 30 cows were injected with progesterone 50mg i/m one minute after insemination. The conception rate is 50% in control group and 46.66% in progesterone treated group in single insemination, while 53.33% in control group and 60% in progesterone treated group in double insemination. It concluded that the use of exogenous progesterone
In signle insemination cross bred cows may adversely effect the hormonal profile and ovulation, while in double insemination exogenous progesterone was administered at the end of oestrous, effect the conception rate favourable.
A total 12 semen samples, each consisting of two consecutive ejaculates, collected from one bull of Holstein Friesian breed. The seman was extended in lactose, fructose egg yolk, glycerol extender. Semen packed in 0.5ml French straws was frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. Thawing was carried out in hot water at 35oC for 20 second.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0642,T] (1).
93.
Preparation And Evaluation Of Inactivated Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccine
by Tajammal Hussain | Dr.Muhammad Akram Munir | Dr.Khushi Muhammad | Dr.Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The Live attenuated infectious bronchitis H-120 vaccinal strain virus (Biotech) was purchased and processed in the Microbiology Laboratory, college of Veterinary Sciences Lahore, for vaccine preparation. For this purpose harvesting of virus, ETD5O, inactivation of fluid. Safety and Sterility testing was done. The virus grow in embryonated chicken eggs with E1D50 was 10 5.16/mi. An oil-based lB vaccine was prepared by mixing one part of the AAF with 4 part of the oil-base. The oil base contained 4 percent emulsifier (Span 80). The vaccine thus prepared from the virus which commonly present in Pakistan in layers and broilers. The cost of the vaccine production was Rs.463/bottle (1000 doses) compared to Rs.2000/bottle of imported vaccine.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0651,T] (1).
94.
Role Of Prostaglandin F2 Alpha And Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone In Induction Of Oestrus In Postpartum Anoestrus Nili Ravi Buffaloes During Summer
by Liaqat Ali | Dr.Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr.Muhamad | Dr.Muhammad Aleem | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: In this experiment, twenty four Nili-Ravi buffaloes 60 days postpartum having history 60 normal postpartum were used. These buffaloes were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=12). Treated buffaloes received single injection of 5mg etiproston at 60 days postpartum. And at 78 days postpartum a single injection of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) 0.05mg intramuscularly was given to only those buffaloes which did not showed oestrus after etiproston injection. The observation on different aspects like oestrus response, heat detection, interval to onset of oestrus, artificial insemination and pregnancy diagnosis were studied.
The buffaloes in group-1, 75% (n=9) exhibited oestrus. The PGF2atreated buffaloes 16.66% (n=2) exhibited oestrus and GnRH treated buffaloes 70% (n 7) exhibited oestrus. The buffaloes in group II 16.66% (n2) exhibited oestrus. The behavioural signs noted were; acceptance of teaser bull, frequent urination, bellowing, licking of external genitalia, mounting by other buflaloes, and raised tail. The physical changes recorded were, uterine tone, swollen vulva, vaginal mucous discharge and vaginal hyperaemia. Oestrus symptoms were more pronounced in treated group than control groups.
The buffaloes in treated and control groups, the average number of days from parturation to first oestrus were 81±3.61 and 107±20 days respectively, that was significant (P <0.05) difference between two groups. In PGF2a and GnRH treated buffaloes exhibited oestrus during 62.5±0.5 days and 86.28±1.21 days postpartum respectively. In treated group, the interval to onset of oestrus after injection was 6.22±1.16 days. In control group days from beginning of experiment to onset of oestrus were 47±2 days.
Duration of oestrus in treated group was 24±2.11 hours. In PGF2cz and GnRH treated animals the duration of oestrus was 25±3 hours and 24.28±2.67 hours respectively. In control group the duration of oestrus was 18±2 hours. The pregnancy rate in treated and control groups were 44.4% and non of control group conceived.
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95.
Serological Surey Of Brucellosis In Man & Various Age Groups Of Cattle And Buffaloes
by Abbas Chaudhry, M | Dr.Irshad Ahmad Ch | Dr.Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Prof.Dr Akram | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: The sero-prevalence of brucellosis in cattle, buffaloes and various personnel employed at Livestock Production Research Institute, Bahadar Nagar, District Okara, was surveyed. Four hundred and seventy blood samples of different age groups of various groups of cattle, buffaloes and man were analyzed for the seroprevalence of Brucellosis. The various serological tests used for this investigation included the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT). The higher incidence of the disease was observed in cattle than buffaloes. The seroprevalence of disease in man was found to be related with the prevalence of Brucellosis in animals.
The overall prevalence of Brucellosis in clinically healthy buffaloes and cattle was found to be 7.64% and 10.0% respectively, by SAT and 11.17% and 14.11% respectively by RBPT.
A prevalence of 36.67% by RBPT and 26.67% and 23.33% by SAT in clinically sick buffaloes and cattle was recorded.
The serum samples from workers subjected to RBPT and SAT revealed prevalence of 15.71% and 11.43%, respectively. The incidence of Brucellosis in adult buffaloes and cattle above 2-10 years of age was 11% and 13%, respectively by SAT. Whereas in young buffaloes and cattle under 2 years of age, it was found to be 2.86% and 5.71%, respectively by SAT. The RBPT indicated 15% and 5.7 1% incidence of the disease in adult and young buffaloes, respectively.
Similarly prevalence of 19% and 7.14% in adult and young cattle, respectively was found to be demonstrated by RBPT. rpIe SAT and RBPT established a greater incidence of brucellosis in female animals than male cows 10.67% and buffaloes 8.67% by SAT.
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96.
Comparative Efficacy Of Herbal Medicines For The Immuno Modulatory And Antistress Effect Against Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro) in Broiler Chickens
by Sajid Hussain Butt | Dr . Saghir Ahmad Jafri | Dr . Muhammad Ovais Omer.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: Main aim of the study was to estimate the immunosuppression induced by Infectious bursal disease vaccination and management of the immunosuppression with indigenous Herbal medicine (nefrone). For this purpose on hundred and sixty day old broiler chicks were procured from the local market. Chicks were kept on floor under standard conditions of management in Experimental Room of Pharmacology Section, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore Chicks were divided into four groups comprising of 40 birds in each designated as A (control and vaccinated, B (Vaccinated+Nefrone), C (Vaccinated+Lisovit) and D (Vaccinated+ herbal mixture) for control of vaccine stress and to study the immunomodulatory effect of Nefrone, Lisovit and herbal mixture. Birds were fed commercial feed and water ad libitum
The brides were vaccinated with D-78 and 228-E on day 3rd and 21st. Biochemical substances were examined on 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours at 1st and 2nd post vaccination shots against IBD vaccine. The birds were also vaccinated against Newcastle disease on 10th day and Hydropericardium syndrome on 18th day of the experiment. Blood samples were collected from randomly selected ten birds of each group after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-vaccination for ascertaining the following parameters: (i) Heterophil/Lymphocyte ratio (ii) Serum biochemical substances (protein, glucose and Cholesterol). On day 42nd, adrenal gland/body weight ratio and pathological leions in adrenal gland were noted. An effort was also made to ascertain the economics of flock at the end of the experiment. Vaccine did not cause detectable stress in broilers due to prophylactic use of Nefrone, Lisovit and herbal mixture. Nefrone therapy showed positive effects on the immune response and growth traits of the birds.
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97.
Correlation Of Leptospiral, Antibodies To The Non Functional Ovaries & Biometrical Observations In The Slaughtered Buffaloes & Cattle
by Ishtiaq Ahmad | Dr . Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr . Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2000Dissertation note: A slaughter house based study was initiated for a period of six months during which a total of 5490 buffaloes and 2120 cattle were rectally palpated from which 150 buffaloes and 50 cattle respectively, were found with non-functional ovaries and were therefore selected for the study project.
Blood samples from all the animals with non-functional ovaries were collected for serological purposes. The female genitalia were collected, examined and all those animals were excluded from the project if their genitalia were found having graafian follicles and/or corpus luteum and/or ovarian cysts during biometry.
The serum samples were tested against 13 serovars of Leptospira interrogans var australis, autumnalis, hallum, bataviae, bratislava, canicola, copenhagni, grippotyphosa, hardio, Domona, pyrogenes, sejQ, tarasovi.
From a total 150 serum samples of buffaloes with non-functional ovaries, 128 serum samples were found positive against one or more serovars of Leptospira interrogans with a seropositivity of 85%.Seropositivity of 74% (37 cattle) from a total of 50 cattle with non-functional ovaries was observed.
However non-significance difference (P> 0.05) in seropositivity against Leptospira interrogans in the animals of functional ovaries versus non-functional ovaries were observed in both cattle and buffaloes.
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98.
Studies On Economic Impacts Of Artificial Insemination With Specific Reference To Producxtive And Reproductive Traits Of Local and Holstein Friesian Crossbred Cows in Bannu, NWFP
by Jan Mir Khan | Dr . Lmtiaz Hussain Khan | Dr . Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: The main aim of the present study was to observe the economical impacts of artificial insemination with specific reference to the productive and reproductive performance of the local bred and Holstein Friesian cross bred cattle in Bannu region. The interaction of some productive and reproductive parameters had been studied. The outcome of the present study in respect of various parameters of productive and reproductive performance are summarized as below:
1. The mean for age at maturity in Holstein Friesian crossbred and local bred cattle were 610.3, 878.7 days, respectively. The difference calculated was 268.4 days. The mean for age at first calving in holstein Friesian and local bred were 970.3, 1244.6 days, respectively. The age at maturity and age at first calving was highly significant (P < 0.01).
2. The mean for conception rate in Holstein Friesian crossbred and local bred cattle were 15%, 62%, 23% and 14%, 70%, 16%, on 1st, 2nd and 3rd insemination, respectively. There was significant difference in conception rate of both the breed.
3. Calf survival for local bred averaged 68.5 days while for Holstein Friesian crossbred averaged 81.5 days, respectively. Again there is significant difference between the twq breeds.
4. The means for calving interval in Iloistein Friesian crossbred and local bred cattle were 393.3, 418.3 days, respectively. The difference was 28 days, which is significant (P<0.05)
5. The mean for the dry period in Holstein Friesian crossbred and local bred cattle were 89.3, 152.6 days, respectively. The difference was 64 days, which is highly significant (P<0.01).
6. The mean for milk production in Holstein Friesian crossbred and local bred cattle were 2404.08, 1173.12 litres/lactation.The difference was 90 days, which is highly significant (P < 0.01).
The findings of this study indicate that the productive and reproductive potential of Holstein Friesian crossbred is better than the local bred cattle. The productive potential of local cattle can be increased by using exotic semen of genetically superior sires, through intensive management and with effective disease control programme.
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99.
Preparation & Evaluation Of Alum Precipitated & Oil Based Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Vaccines
by Dr . Khushi Muhammad Zulfiqar Ali | Dr . Khushi Muhammad | Dr . Asif | Dr . Lrshad Hussain | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: Pasteurcila multocida was isolated and characterised on the basis of cultural biochemical serological and pathogenicitytests.The dense culture of the organism was achieved in a fermenter that was provided sterilized air during incubation. Two types of the formalin inactivated Pastcurclla multocida vaccines (oil-based and alum precipitated) were prepared and their efficacy was evaluated in bovine. It was observed that oil-based haemorrhagic septicacmia (HS) vaccine induced high level of indirect haemalutiiiating (IHA) antibodies in the vaccinated cattle which persisted for more than 6 months. In contrast, alum precipitated HS vaccine induced immunity breakdown in the cattle with high titres of IHA antibodies while induced mw level of IHA antibodies, which persisted for 4 months.
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100.
Prevalence Of Ectoparasites And Chemotherapy Of Lices In Cattle And Buffaloes
by Manzoor Hussain | Dr.Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Kamran | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
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Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: Ectoparasites are serious problem of domestic cattle in Malakand Agency, N.W.F.P. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of ectoparasites on cattle and buffaloes and the effect of ectoparasites on various blood parameters were also studied, like TlC, llaemoglobin (Hb) estimation and differential leukocytic count and also to find out the comparative efficacy of (Endectin; ICI Pakistan) and Ivermectin (Ivoject; China) against ectoparasites in cattle and but laloes. The study was conducted from May to August, 2001.
Out of 392, 21 positive cattle and buffaloes were divided into three equal groups (A, B and C) comprising 7 animals each. However, group D was kept as control group i.e. free from ectoparasites.
Seven animals of group-A (4 buffaloes and 3 cattle) were injected lvermcctiii (lndectin, 1CI Pakistan) @ 1 mg/50 kg body weight once and the seven animals of group-B were treated with iverinecti ii (I voject; China) at the same dose rate. The results were recorded on day 10th post-medication for [he presence of lice. More than 92% lices (6 out of 7) were disappeared after the injection of Endectin; ICI Pakistan and only 72% (5 out of 7) of lices were recovered in these animals.
Group-C out of 7 animals (3 cattle and 4 buffaloes), all were positive for lices. These animals were not given any type of medication or injection. They were kept under observation after environmental exposure to check the immunity of the bodies, from day zero. At day 10 the animals were checked again and found remained positive for lices.
The animals of group-D were untreated control. They were examined on day zero and found free for lices. They were further examined on day 10, and found negative for lices.
From the results of present study it has been concluded that Endectin (Ivermectin) was the drug of choice for the treatment of ectoparnsitcs in cattle and buffaloes when it is given at the dose rate of 1 mg/5() kg body weight by subcutaneous injection.
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