101.
Introduction to Bioinformatics : A Theoretical and Practical Approach
by Stephen A. Krawetz David D. Womble.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Delhi: Springer India Private Limited; 2009Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 570.285 krawetz 28922 1st 2009 Genetics] (1).
102.
Climate change :
by Pittock, A. Barrie.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: Publisher: India : Routledge, 2009Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 551.6 Pittock 30314 2nd 2009 Earth.Science] (1).
103.
Short Protocols in Molecular Biology
by Ausubel, Frederick M | Brent, Roger | Kingston, Robert E | Moore, David D | Seidman, J. G | Smith, John A | Struhl, Kevin.
Edition: 5th Edition, 2 Volume Set.Material type: Publisher: U.S.A: Wiley; 2002Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 572.8028 Frederick 17316 5th.Vol.1 2002 Genetics] (1).
104.
Short Protocols in Molecular Biology
by Ausubel, Frederick M | Brent, Roger | Kingston, Robert E | Moore, David D | Seidman, J. G | Smith, John A | Struhl, Kevin.
Edition: 5th Edition, 2 Volume Set.Material type: Publisher: U.S.A: Wiley; 2002Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 572.8028 Frederick 17317 5th.Vol.2 2002 Genetics] (1).
105.
Protein Biotechnology
by Kumar, A.
Material type: Publisher: Delhi: Discovery Publishing Pvt. Ltd; 2006Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 660.63 Kumar 18865 1st 2006 Biotechnology] (1).
106.
Animal Physiology & Biochemistry
by Srivastava, Anil K | Agarwal, R. A | Kaushal, Kumar.
Material type: Publisher: Delhi: S Chand & Co Ltd; 2005Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 571.1 Anil 33061 1st 2018 Biochemistry] (1), UVAS Library [Call number: 571.1 Anil 20904 1st 2005 Biochemistry] (1).
107.
Molecular Biology of the Gene
by Watson, James | Baker, Tania. A.
Edition: 5th Material type: Publisher: Delhi: Pearson Education; 2004Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 575.21 Watson 19623 5th 2004 Genetics] (5).
108.
Biotechnology for Sustainable Development
by Kauser A. Malik | Anwar Naseem | Ahmed M. Khalid.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: Publisher: Lahore: National Institute fir Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; n.dAvailability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 660.62 Malik 14823 1st n.d. Biotechnology] (1).
109.
Survey Of Sheep Trematodes In Lahore Abattoirs
by Majid, A | Altaf Hussain | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Tufail khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1980Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0028,T] (1).
110.
Effect Of Different Equilibration Times And Extenders On The Deep Freezing Of Buffalo Bull Semen
by Rashid, A | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Naeem Ullah Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0050,T] (1).
111.
Effect Of Different Dietary Antibiotics On The Growth Response Of Broiler Chicks
by Haq, A | Sagir Ahmed Jafri | Muhammed | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1987Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0056,T] (1).
112.
Studies On The Use Of Sunflower Oil Meal As A Vegetable Protein Supplement In Broiler Rations
by Karim, A | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed | Sagir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0061,T] (1).
113.
Effect Of Ammoniation And Sodium Hydroxide Treatments On The Nutritive Value Of Rice Straw In Fattening Of Sahiwal Calves
by Rehman, A | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed | Sagir Ahmed Jafri.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1985Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0062,T] (1).
114.
Studies On The Use Of Sunflower Meal As Vegetable Protein Supplement In Broiler Rations
by Rehman, A | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik | Muhammed Aslam Bhatti | Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0073,T] (1).
115.
Haematological And Total Serum Protein Patterns In Experimental Escherichia Coli Infection In Broiler Chickens
by Waheed A, Qazi | Tafail Mohammad khan | M.Athar | Zafar Iqbal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1989Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0133,T] (1).
116.
A Study On The P;Revalence Taxonomy And Bionomics Of Genus Oesophagostomum In Sheep And Goats
by Sattar Zafar Rana, A | Dr. Mohammad Afzal | Dr. Tufail | Dr.Mubasher Saeed Main | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0135,T] (1).
117.
An In Vitro Evaluation Of Trimethoprim Sulphamethoxazole (Septram Wellcome) As An Anti-Microbial Agent
by Waheed, A | M.Ajmal | A.H.Gillani | M.A.Majeed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1972Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0182,T] (1).
118.
Bacterial Causes Of Pneumonia In Sheep
by Khadim Hussain, Ch | Dr . M . Ajmal | Mr . H . A | Nr . M . A . Majehd | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1972Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0186,T] (1).
119.
Studies On The Isolation And Characterization Of Staphylococus Aureus From Milk With Special Reference
by Samad Khan, A | M.Naeem | M.Saeed | S.A.Basra | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Staphylococcus aureus being an umbiquitous potential pathogen of man and animal, can contaminate the milk by either of the two sources. The present study was designed to find the source of origin of the isolated strains on the basis of their haemolytic behaviour. Thus, from 200 raw market milk samples Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 179 samples. Out of these 179 strains 100 were randomly selected for the study of their haemolytic pattern on sheep bloc4and rabbit blood agar plates incubated aerobically.
It was found that 27 strains were Alpha-haemolytic, 46 were beta-haemolytic whereas 27 strains showed a mixed behaviour of alpha-beta type. It was concluded that both man and animal were the source of contamination of milk, the percentage of animal strains being higher than the human.
The Standard Plate Count showed that out of 200 samples 90 (45%) had a count of grade B raw milk, while 110 samples (55%) had a bacterial count of grade C raw milk. 126 (63%) samples out of 200 had a Coliform count of more than 10, while 74 samples (37%) had a count of less than 10 coliforms per ml of raw market milk tested. There was a positive correlation between high bacterial count and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in milk.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0188,T] (1).
120.
Role Of Doves, Parrots And Quails In The Epizootiology Of Newcastle Disease
by Rauf, A | Muhammed Naeem | Manzoor | Muhammed Ajmal | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1984Dissertation note: Three species of birds i.e. doves, parrots and quails, 100 from each species were studied to investigate their role in the epizootiology of Newcastle disease. The serum of each bird was examined for the presence of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus by Haemagglutination Inhibition method using a standard Newcastle disease virus obtained from Veterinary & Research Institute, Lahore. It was observed that 46% of parrots, 29% of doves and 7% of quails had experienced Newcastle disease. The average titre for three species of birds was 76 with a range of 20-1280, being highest in parrots and lowest in quails. Attempts were made to isolate Newcastle disease virus from the faecal material and pooled organs of each bird in developing chick embryo. Five isolates of Newcastle disease virus were recovered from parrots, two from doves and none from quails. The recovered isolates possessed a mild to moderate pathogenicity for day old chicks. From these trials it was evident that doves and parrot could act as carriers of Newcastle disease and disseminate the disease to other birds over vast areas while despite their susceptibility the exact role of quails could not be determined in the epizootio- logy of Newcastle disease. Further studies on larger scale were recommended.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0190,T] (1).
121.
A Study On The Effect Of Insecticide On Various Organs & Blood Parameters Of Poultry
by Razzaq, A | Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Muhammed | Tufail Ahmed Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The investigation was conducted to study the effects of organochiorine insecticide (BHC) on the hematology and liver, kidney and spleen in chickens.
One hundred day-old broiler chicks were reared upto two weeks of age , then they were divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C and D (25 chicks in each group). Group A was maintained on a feed containing 100 mg BHC/kg feed. Group B was given a water contaminated with BHC at a dose rate of 100 mg/liter. Group C was reared on a litter which was sprayed with 0.65% BHC. 'ihe litter treatment was repeated at an interval of seven days. Group D was kept as control. All groups were kept under close observation for the development of signs and symptoms of BIIC toxicity. The blood from 5 chicks in each group was collected by slaughtering at
the age of 14 days, 21 days, 28 days, 35 days and 42 days. From the collected blood haematologicai alterations (TLC, TEC, DLC, PCV and Hb estimation) were studied and pathological changes in spleen, liver and kidney were compared with the control group. flefore slaughtering the weight of the birds were also taken.
Weight of the birds was recorded before slaughtering, there was a significant decrease in weight in groups A, B and C as compared to control group D and there was significant increase between 21-35 days, 21-35 days and 28-42 days.
Antemortem symptoms were recorded throughout the experiment and observed that feed intake of the treated groups was decreased, growth was retarded significantly. The treated birds were reluctant to move, hypersensitive, dull and depressed with ruffled feathers
In postmortem examination the main necropsy findings were small hemorrhages throughout the body muscles, hepatomegaly and swollen kidneys in groups A and B. The muscular hemorrhages were not recorded in group C.
The main histopathological lesions of liver and kidney included vascular congestion, cloudy swelling, vacuolization, hemorrhages, leukocytic infiltration and necrosis. There were no microscopic changes in spleen of groups A and B after 21 and 28 days, but in groups A and B after 35 and 42 days vascular congestion, hemorrhages and necrosis were observed.
Haematologlcal alterations were studied in all the three treated groups A, B, C and control group
D. There was no significant difference found in erythrocytlc count, hemoglobin estimation and packed cell volume amongst all the groups, at all the ages. The total leukocytic count showed a significant increase in groups A, B and C as compared to control group D and there wa also a significant increase between 21-28 days, 21-35 days and 21-42 days in groups A, B and C. The differential leukocytic count showed a significant decrease in lymphocytes and eosinophils in all the three groups i.e. A, B and C throughout the treatment while heterophils and monocytes increased significantly in all three treated groups as compared to control group D, but there was no change in basophils.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0226,T] (1).
122.
Effect Of Substitution Of Fish Meal With Corn Gluten Meal On The Performance Of Broiler Chicks
by Hamid, A | Nisar Ahmed | Imtiaz Hussain | Muhammed Yaqoob Malik.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: The present study was under taken to investigate the effect of substitution of fish meal which is comparatively costly protein supplement with cheaper corn gluten meal on the performance of broiler chicks. One hundred and fifty day old (male and female) hubbard broiler chicks were reared on five experimental rations upto 50 days of age. The control ration contained 14.347. fish meal which was replaced by the corn gluten meal at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 127. levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent on protein equivalent basis). The starter rations were fed upto 28 days of age and remaining 22 days finisher rations were fed.
Results revealed non-significant differences among weight gain of chicks fed different experimental starter rations. However, significant differences among weight gain of chicks fed on finisher rations were noticed. The chicks fed on ration containing 100 percent and 75 percent fish meal were heavier as compared to those chicks fed on ration in which fish meal was replaced with corn gluten meal upto 50 percent on protein equivalent basis. Non significant differences in total weight gain were noticed amongst chicks fed on different experimental rations.
Highly significantly more feed was consumed by the chicks fed on starter and finisher rations containing 100 per cent and 75 per cent fish meal as compared to those chicks fed on other experimental rations. Non-significant differences in total feed consumption were noticed in chicks fed on various experimental rations.
Apparently better feed utilization in chicks were noticed by addition of corn gluten meal at different levels i.e. 3, 6, 9 and 12 per cent in the starter and finisher rations. However non-significant differences among the feed efficiency values were observed in chicks fed on various experimental rations.
Present results revealed that corn gluten meal at 3, 6, 9 and 12 per cent levels in broiler rations was equally well utilized as source of protein supplement as fish meal on the performance of broiler chicks.
The present study indicated that addition of corn gluten meal did not significantly effect the growth rate however slightly decreased with progressive increase of corn gluten meal in the ration. Feed efficiency was comparable with that of fish meal. Results further indicated that ration containing corn gluten meal were comparatively cheaper and cost per kg of live weight was decreased, therefore, net profit per chick was greater.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0311,T] (1).
123.
Efficacy Of Ivermectin Against Ecto & Endo Parasites In Equine
by Hameed, A | Prof.Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Asif Rabbani | Muhammed Sarwer Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The project was designed to find out the efficacy of ivermectin against ecto. and endoparasites in equine. Fifty naturally infested equine were selected for treatment trials and divided into three groups i.e., A (endoparasites) 20 animals, B (ectoparasites) 20 animals and C (both endo. and ectoparasites) 10 animals.
The comparative anthelmintic trials were conducted on 20 gastro-intestinal nernatodes infested animals of group A (A-i and A-2). 10 animals (group A-I) were medicated with Ivomec mi. (0.2 mg/kg body weight.) subcutaneously and 10 animals (group A-2) were administered with Rintal granulate (6 mg/kg body weight) orally in feed. The percentage efficacy was based on the reduction in number of egg discharged in faeces, post-medication. The percentage efficacy observed was 99.26% and 95.65% in the animals medicated with Ivomec inj. and Rintal granulate respectively on 14th day of post medication.
The comparative acaricidal drug trials were conducted on 20 ectoparasitic infested equine of group B (B-i and 13-2). 10 animals (group B-i) were injected subcutaneously with Ivomec (0.2 mg/kg body weight) and 10 animals (group B-2) were once sprayed with Asuntol 0.1% solution. The cure percentage was determined on the basis of negative skin scraping samples on 14th day oF post- treatment. The cure percentage was 70% and 50% in the animals treated with ivomec inj. and Asuntol solution spray respectively.
The efficacy of Ivomec subcutaneous injection (0.2 mg/kg body weight) was assessed in the 10 animals of group C infested with both G.I.T. nernatodes and ectoparasites. On the 14th day of postmedication the drug was l00% effective against G.I.T. nematodes and 80% against ectoparasites in equine.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0339,T] (1).
124.
Sero-Epidemiological Studies On Bovine Viral Diarrhoea In Buffaloes And Cattle At L.P.R.I. Bahadarnagar And Qadirabad
by Hameed Awan, A | Muhammed Ajmal | Sheikh Muhammed Amin | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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Publisher: 1991Dissertation note: Serological examination of 1800 serum samples, consisting of 1242 sample, from apparently healthy cattle, and 558 samples from apparently healthy buffaloes, by agar-gel diffusion method, revealed that 181 samples were positive for antibodies against Bovine Virral Diarrhoea-Mucosal- Disease Virus giving an overall incidence of 10.087..
The incidence was higher in buffaloes (10.397.) as compared to cattle (9.907.). Sex based analysis of the data revealed that the incidence was higher in females (10.237.) as compared to males (9.307.) in both the species. The percentage of positive cases was higher in adult cattle (11.297.) as compared to young animals (7.207.). Similarly the age wise incidence of the disease in buffaloes was also found to be higher in adults (13.467.) than in young (3.127.).
The occurence of antibodies against bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease virus in apparently healthy unvaccinated animals in such a large number was indicative of the prevalance of the disese in Pakistan. Since the virus is capable of producing acute disease syndromes and subsequently causing heavy mortalities, it is suggested that it is high time that appropriate measures, to control the malady, be taken for saving the heavy losses in livestock sector due to this disease.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0341,T] (1).
125.
To Study The Effect Of Different Dietary Protein & Energy Level On The Growth Performance Of Nili-Ravi Buffalo Male
by Rehman Khan, A | Dr. Nisar ahmed mian | Dr. Jaweed ahmad qureshi | Dr. Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The buffalo is an important animal in the agriculture economy of our country and the most useful animal for many millions of poor people, especially those living in Asia.
So far, no definite studies with regard to the nutritional requirements of the buffalo at various stages of growth and production (meat and milk) have been conducted. The feeding of buffalo in the sub-continent is based on various cereals and cash crops and are generally subjected to various nutritional imbalances, as a result, the genetic potential with regard to growth and production (meat and milk) of buffalo is not fully exploited.
Thus there is a desperate need for determining the specific feeding requirements of the indigenous dairy buffalo. For the purpose digestibility and metabolic studies for various nutritional needs for growth, fattening and production are to be conducted. Thus the present study was designed to study the effect of different plans of nutrition on growth, efficiency of feed utilization and nutrients digestibility in Nili-Ravi buffalo male calves.
Twenty-seven buffalo male calves of 9-12 months of age were randomly divided into nine groups. Three different levels of protein and metabolizable energy (80, 100 and 120% of NRC, 1976 Standards for beef cattle) were incorporated in the nine experimental rations.
After the trial of 140 days, the buffalo male calves gained weight 102.67, 110.64, 90.33, 36.00, 73.33, 127,34, 98.67, 82.34 and 110.34 Kgs. in groups 1-9, respectively. Maximum growth was recorded in group 6 [CP 100% and ME 120% of NRC (1976) Standards for beef cattle). Weight gain was non-significant due to varying levels of protein in the rations while weight gain was significant (P<0.05) due to varying levels of energy in the rations. Maximum growth rate of 909 gms. per day in group 6 (CP 100% and ME 120%) was recorded. The regression equation for weight gain with the relation to protein and energy intake was as follows: Weight gain (WG) = -297.28 + .425 (Pr) ± 63.67 (En)
The feed consumption decreased with the increase of protein level in the rations while feed consumption increased with the increase of ME level in the ration but the effect was statistically non-significant.
Maximum feed was consumed in group 6 (CP 100% and ME 120%). It was observed from the study that dietary protein had significant effect on feed efficiency and it was improved with the increase of dietary protein in the ration. Feed efficiency also improved significantly with the increase of energy in the rations. It was noted from the study that the dry matter intake reduced with the increase of dietary protein but dry matter intake increased with the increase of ME level in the ration. The effect was statistically non-significant. Protein intake was significantly increased with increase of protein level while ME level in the ration had non-significant effect. ME intake was non-significant with the increase of protein level but it was significantly increased with the increase of ME level in the ration.
The digestibility of crude protein and ether extract increased with the increase of protein and energy level in the rations but the differences were nonsignificant. The digestibility of dry matter was increased at varying levels of protein and energy but the differences were significant (P<0.0l). The digestibility of NFE and crude fibre were also increased at varying levels of energy significantly (P<0.01) but these were low at 100% protein level than 80 and 120% protein level. It was observed that the digestibility of all the nutrients increased at high plan of nutrition (protein and energy).
It was concluded that protein requirements of buffalo male calves were the same as recommended for beef cattle NRC (1976) but metabolizable energy requirements were 20% higher than the recommended level for beef cattle, NRC (1976)
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0348,T] (1).
126.
Studies On Quantity & Quality Of Semen Produced By Friesian Bulls In Subtropical Conditions
by Majid, A | Imtiaz Hussain Khan | Muhammed | Rashid Ahmed Chaudry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
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; Literary form:
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Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: Data of spermatological traits of 3490 ejaculates obtained during four years (1987 to 1990) from ten Friesian bulls were investigated to see the effects of age, seasons and bulls upon different seminal attributes. The age-wise overall mean values of different attributes of these bulls were: age and body weight at first ejaculation 329.7 days and 337.1 kilograms, number of ejaculates 7.41, ejaculate volume 4.08 ml, mass motility 1.14 grades, initial motility 51.43 per cent, sperm cells concentration 601.09 millions per ml, discarded ejaculates 3.17 and doses produced per ejaculate 32.66 number.
Age exerted highly significant effect (P<0.01) upon number of ejaculates, ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, ejaculate discarded and doses per ejaculate. A significant effect (P<0.05) was observed on percentage motility. There was a non-significant effect on moss motility. The 4th year was proved to be the best age for semen production because mean values of three seminal characteristics namely number of ejaculates, ejaculate volume and percentage motility were maximum during this year. Minimum mean ejaculates were also discarded during the 4th year.
Second year was observed as the worst year for semen production. Minimum mean values of number of ejaculates, ejaculate volume and percentage motility were observed in this year. Maximum mean ejaculates were also discarded during second year of age.
Seasons exerted highly significant effect (P<0.01) upon mass motility, percentage motility, sperm concentration, discarded ejaculates and doses per ejaculate. A significant effect (P<0.05) of seasons was observed upon number of ejaculates but the effect on ejaculate volume was non-significant (P>0 05)
The winter was proved to be the best semen producing season, because two seminal characteristics i.e. mass motility and pci centage motility had maximum mean values in this season Minimum mean ejaculates were also discarded in winter season The second best season was spring, in which ejaculate volume and doses per ejaculate were at their highest mean values
The worst season for semen production was humid hot season. Four seminal attributes i.e. number of ejaculates, mass motility, percentage motility and sperm concentration had minimum mean values in this season. Maximum mean ejaculates were also discarded in humid hot season. The second worst season was autumn. Only mean ejaculate volume and doses per ejaculate were at their lowest margin in autumn.
Highly significant effect (P<0.01) of bulls was observed upon ejaculate volume, mass motility and sperm concentration. Significant effect (P<0.05) of bulls was recorded for initial percentage motility and semen doses per ejaculate. The effect of bulls upon number of ejaculates and ejaculates discarded was found to be non-significant (P>0.05).
Bull No. F 16 proved to be the best bull for semen quantity and quality withmaximum number of ejaculates and maximum ejaculate volume. F 16 was also good in percentage motility, sperm cell concentration and doses per ejaculate. Moreover minimum ejaculates were discarded of F 16 too.
Bull No. 10 was the worst bull. Lowest values were observed in number of ejaculates, percentage motility and sperm concentration. F 10 was also not good in mass motility and maximum ejaculates were discarded from this bull.
The principle conclusion of this study is that if appropriate steps are taken to mitigate the effects of climate and high level of management practices is maintained, there appears to be no reason why high ambient temperatures and humidities should be inimical to successful semen production with Friesian bulls in the subtropical environments
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0350,T] (1).
127.
Study Of Gastro-Intestinal Helminths And Taxonomy Of Species Of The Genus Paramphistomum In Camels
by Saeed A. Khan | Dr. Muhammad Afzal | Dr. Mubasher Saeed Mian | Dr. Muhammad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0411,T] (1).
128.
Epidemiological, Serological And Hematological Investigations In An Out Break Of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea And Foot
by Ghaffar Khan, A | Dr. Muhammad Athar Khan | Dr. Muhammad | Dr. Muhammad Sarwar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: After an outbreak of a vesicular disease in Lahore District a demoninator based active surveillance was conducted in four villages. During and after the epidemic and the homesteads were visited and interviewed from door to door. The total number of animals kept by the farmers (N = 1537) and the affected number of animals (n= 1384) by age, sex and species were enquired from the farmers and recorded on a questionnaire proforma. The clinical signs of the affected animals and their sequence were recorded.
Epidemiological investigations revealed that morbidity rate of 66.94% (n=867/1537) was higher in buffaloes than cattle which was 48.34% (n=117/242). Young animals of both species were more susceptible than adults. Morbidity rate in young cattle was 50.64% (n=39) in 77 animals but in case of adult cattle amongst the total population of 165 morbidity rate was 47.27% (n=78). In case of young buffaloes 290 (69.37%) out of 418 animals while in case of adult buffaloes morbidity rate was 63.51% (557/877). Case fatality rate was observed higher 42.85% (363/847) in buffaloes than the cattle which was 26.65 % (37/117). Frequency of clinical signs observed was found as depression (63.30%), mucosa diffusely red (61.87%), anorectic (61.48%), muzzle hyperimic encrusted (61.09%), erosions (58.49%), laminitis (56.73%), temperature 101-105°F (54.26%), drooling (53.35%), shivering (44.82%), mistitis (38.51%), temperature 105-107°F (6.18%), polypnea (5.79%), temperature 101-103°F (4.35%), cough (3.38%), diarrhoea (2.40%), subnormal (0.71%) and abortion (0.65%).
In this project 160 animals affected from the disease, 80 of each species, were selected for hematological and serological investigations. Forty healthy animals were observed as control.
Blood samples from the affected Buffaloes were tested for the total erythrocytic count (TEC), total leukocytic count (TLC), packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and differential leukocytic count (DLC) i.e. neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils and their average values were observed as 3.56 ± 0.31 x 106/ul (5.18 x 106/ul), 4.90 ± 1.22 x 103/ul (6.45 x 103/ul), 26.59 ± 2.14% (29.31%), 10.13 ± 0.92 mm/Ist hr. (4.56 mm/Ist hr.), 30.54 ± 1.07% (32.55%), 59.18 ± 1.03% (56.16%), 1.78 ± 0.22% (2.41%, 5.92 ± 0.52% (4.51%), 0.29 ± 0.01% (0.48%) respectively.
Blood samples from the affected cattle were tested for the TEC, TLC, PCV, ESR and DLC i.e. neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils and their average values were observed as 5.76 ± 0.32 x 106/ul (7.24 x 106/ul), 6.73 ± 0.92 x 103/ul (7.99 x 103/ul), 31.49 ± 1.59% (33.90%), 9.32 ± 1.32 mm/Ist hr. (3.16 mm/Ist hr.), 31.08 ± 1.09% (34.82%), 45.00 ± 1.05% (41.31%), 0.33 ± 0.04% (0.63%), 9.16 ± 0.46% (7.86%), 0.33 ± 0.03% (0.63%) respectively.
Serum samples from the affected buffaloes were tested for the total serum protein (TSP), serum albumin and serum globulin and their average values were came as 5.97 ± 0.56 g/dI (7.72 g/dI), 2.80 ± 0.37 g/dl (3.55 g/dll), 2.40 ± 0.95 g/dl (4.17 g/dl) respectively.
Serum samples from the affected cattle were tested for the TSP, serum albumin and serum globulin and their average values were observed as 6.43 ± 0.45 g/dl (7.58 g/dl), 2.67 ± 0.35 g/dll (2.32 g/dl), 2.67 ± 0.52 g/dI (4.26 g/dll) respectively.
Agar gel immunodiffusion test used for the antibodies detection was found positive for foot and mouth disease (FMD). Typographically two strains O (42.50%) and Asia-I (29.38%) were isolated out of 160 samples.
A total loss of Rs. 5.286 millions due to FMD in cattle and buffaloes was estimated in the four villages.
Note: Values in parenthesis are normal/standard for the respective parameter.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0412,T] (1).
129.
Comparative Study Of Different Techniques Of Tracheal Anastomosis With Various Degrees Of Resection In The Dog
by Majid Khan, A | Dr. Mazhar Iqbal | Dr. Muhammkad Younas | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1995Dissertation note: Tracheal stenosis in the dog is a common occurrence due to a wide variety of etiological factors like foreign body, neoplasm, collapsed tracheal ring etc. Resection of stenotic segment and end-to- end anastomosis of trachea is a practical procedure for the correction of tracheal stenosis. Several techniques of tracheal anastomosis are reported in literature. These techniques have been used with variable success. This project was designed to compare three techniques of tracheal anastomosis at two different degrees of resection.
The study was carried out on 18 clinically healthy normal mongrel dogs. These dogs were divided into two groups (I & II) of 9 dogs each. In group I, four tracheal rings were resected while in group-Il resection of eight rings was performed. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups i.e. Ia, Ib, Ic, ha, lIb and tic. This subdivision was based on three techniques of anastomosis to be tested.
- In subgroups Ia and Ila simple interrupted pericartilaginous sutures were applied for anastomosis.
- In subgroups lb and lIb everting anastomosis was performed by applying horizontal mattress through the apposed annular ligaments.
- In subgroups Ic and lic telescoping anastomosis was performed. Caudal segment of the trachea was telescoped into the cranial segment.
All the animals survived after the operation, no complication was observed. Healing occurred in all the subgroups. However on radiography luminal stenosis was observed in all the cases, which was more prominent in subgroups Ic and lIc as compared to other subgroups. This was also confirmed by gross examination at the postmortem. Histologically complete healing was observed at the end of 8th week post-operative.
The everting anastomotic technique used in subgroups lb and lIb proved better in terms of tracheal apposition, narrowing of lumen and healing. The degree of resection as such seems to be having no effect on tracheal healing.
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130.
Induction Of Oestrus In Non Cycling Nili Ravi Buffalo Heifers
by Hafeez Khan, A | Dr. Kazim Raza Chohan | Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Chaudhry | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Twenty one non-cycling Nili-Ravi buffalo hcifers with mean (± S.E) age of 31.71 ± 1.32 months and body weight of 417.61 ± 11.26 Kg were randomly divided into three equal groups. Animals in group A were injected 700 IU PMSG intramuscularly. Whereas, animals in group B (n=7) were treated with 1400 IU of PMSG. Animals in group C (n7) were administered 2 CC normal saline, which served as controls. Animals in oestrus were naturally bred with progeny tested bulls. Blood samples were collected before treatment, at oestrus and 10 days after oestrus for plasma progesterone estimation. Rectal palpations were done before treatment, at oestrus, 10 days after oestrus for ovarian structures and on day 60 post breeding for pregnancy diagnosis.
All the buffalo heifers in group A and B exhibited oestrus following treatment with 700 and 1400 IU of PMSG. Three animals from group C (42.85%) showed oestrus. The time from treatment to the onset of oestrus differed non significantly and was 6.14 ± 0.56, 6.00 ± 0.45 and 6.66 ± 0.47 days for groups A, B and C, respectively. No difference was observed towards expression of oestrus symptoms with varying doses of PMSG. The behavioural symptoms and physical changes i.e. frequent urination, acceptance to male, vulvalar sniffing of other females or allowing others to sniff, mucus discharge, vulvalar swelling and uterine tone were found indicative of oestrus in experimental heifers. The duration of oestrus also differed non significantly among the groups. This duration was 22.00 ± 2.01; 27.71 ± 1 .67 and 19.66 ± 0.98 hours for groups A, B and C, respectively.
Three animals from group A (n=7) conceived at induced oestrus. Whereas, no heifer from group B setteled at induced oestrus. Four animals showed next oestrus and two of them conceived. Three animals from group C exhibited oestrus and one of them conceived, rest of the animals remained non cyclic. The overall conception rates were 42.85, 28.57 and 14.28 percent for groups A, B and C, respectively.
Progesterone levels were found representative of ovarian activity in all the groups. Basal levels (> 0.5 ng/ml) of plasma progesterone were observed with smooth ovaries. Higher values for plasma progesterone ranging between 0.95 ± 0.02 to 5.68 ± 0.22 ng/ml were observed in cycling and pregnant animals reprsenting functional corpus lutuem.
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131.
Epidemiological Studies N Mastitis In Buffaloes & Cattle In And Around Lahore
by Khurram Nawaz Qazi | Dr. Syed A.R. Rizvi | Dr. M. Amin Sheikh | Dr. Shakeel A | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: Research studies were conducted to investigate some epidemiological aspects of bovine mastitis in and around Lahore.
A total of 45 small livestock units/herds were surveyed and epidemiological data was collected from 4000 bovine population on prescribed proforina. Bacteriological examination was aiso performed on 1000 milk samples after presumptive screening with modified california mastitis test (C.M.T.).
Analysis of the data showed, the herd incidence rate of 88.88 per cent and the disease incidence rate of 8.33 per cent (lactating animals) during this project. CMT on 1000 quarter milk samples showed 14.3% incidence of subclinical mastitis and 10.6% animals were positive bacteriologically. Relative incidence of acute, subacute and chronic forms of disease was 38.33, 43.90 and 13.37 per cent, respectively. Quarter infection rate was 33.40 per cent in affected buffaloes and 10.36 per cent in infected cattle. It was significantly higher in hind than in fore quarters in buffaloes.
All the breeds of buffaloes and cattle maintained in the area were reported to be affected occasionally during the lactation. Age and lactation wise distribution of rnastitis cases varied in different age and lactation groups; being highest in 6-8 years of age group 42.93% and 4-6 lactation (39.45%). Number of cases were higher (53.63%) during early stage of lactation than in middle (21.97%) and (24.4%) late stages. High milk yielding group 12-14 litres daily was more prone to the disease. Disease was reported to cause 30.26 per cent decrease in milk production of affected animals. Udders/teats of 4.0 per cent animals had history of surgical manipulation. Housing on pakka floor (48.9%) incidence was observed to have some association with the disease.
Of the 1000 milk samples 143 were found positive by C.M.T.and 106 samples yielded 171 isolates of different species; 86 Staphylococcus aureus, 9 Staphylococcus epiderinides, 30 Streptococcus agalactiae, 17 Streptococcus dysagalactiae, 11 Bacillus cereus, 10 Escherichia co/i, 5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antobiotic sensitivity of the isolates showed that they were sensitive in descending order to Gentamycin, Chlortetracyline, Sul;fonamide (Tribrissin), Chloramphanicol, Ampicilline, Tylosine. Penicilline & Tetracycline.
Out of 86 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus 60 were penicillin resistant of which 23 produced penicillinase. In order to reduce the huge economic losses in terms of milk reduction (30.26% ), the findings of this project are hoped to guide for the control of disease at subclinical stage on a large scale. However, additional studies are suggested for the epidemiology of this disease.
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132.
Comparative Efficacy Of Vetimast (Cibageigy), Tetra Delta (Upjohn) And Akamycin-D (Selmore)Against Mastitis In Buffaloes Under Field Conditions
by Razzaq, A | Dr.Iftikhar Gul Ahmad | Dr.Khushi | Dr.Muhammad Ashraf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: The present project was undertaken to study the effectiveness of 3 different intramammary preparations in buffaloes suffering from clinical mastitis in the viscinity of Lahore and District Kasur. From these cases causative organisms were isolated and j vitro sensitivity was tested with 3 corresponding antibiotic discs and chemotherapeutic trials were conducted in the field.
The following salient results were obtained:
1. Out of 45 milk samples of mastitic buffaloes examined, 53.33 percent were due to staphylococci, 40 percent due to streptococci and 6.66 percent due to gram -ye rods.
2. Among 53.33% strains of staphylococci, 83.33% were sensitive to cefacetrile (Vetimast) while remaining 16.67% were resistant.
3. 83.33.2 percent staphylococci, 83.3% of streptococci and 100% of gram -ye rods were sensitive to Tetra-delta.
4. 75 percent staphylococci, 83.33 percent streptococci and 100% gram -ye rods were sensitive to Gentamycin.
5. 88.88 percent streptococci and 100% E. coli were sensitive to Cefacetrile (Vetirnast). Remaining 11.12 percent of streptococci were resistant to Cefacetrile.
Ten buffaloes (Group-A) were treated with 235 mg of cefacetrile, 5 bufffaloes (50%) got cured after 7 days of the end of the therapy and 2 more (20%) animals got cured after 14 day of therapy.
Ten bufffaloes (group-B) were freated with TGtra-delta, 5 (5Ob)
cured after 7 days of the end of treatment and 3 more buffaloes (30%) got cured after 14 days.
Similarily, 10 animals (Group-C) were treated with Akamycin-D by intramammary infusion, 4 buffaloes (40%) got cured after 7 days of therapy and 2 more animals (20%) got cured after 14 days of the end of treatment.
In the present study, the total financial losses of about Rs. 43660/has been estimated to be caused by clinical mastitis in buffaloes. These losses are preventable by effective chemotherapeutic and control measures. Clinical trials conducted under field conditions in treating the clinical mastitis in buffaloes have shown that tetra delta is efficacious and economical, as it is cheaper and single dose treatment as compared to vetimast and akamycin-D which are expensive.
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133.
Treatment Of Experimentally Induced Coccidiosis And Its Effect On Various Blood Components In Quails
by Hameed, A | Dr. M. Sarwar Khan | Dr. Asif | Dr. Khalid Pervez | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Dissertation note: This project was designed to study the effect of experimentally induced coccidiosis on some blood parameters and its treatment with Amprolium 20% and Suiphadimidine alone and with Vitamin A and Vitamin K supplementation in quails. For this purpose one hundred and eighty (180) quails of two weeks old were obtained and reared controlled coccidia free conditions and provided coccidiostat free feed. At the age of 3 weeks birds were divided into 6 groups (i.e. A, B, C, D, E and F) comprising 30 birds in each groups.
Group-A: Infected and medicated with Amprolium.
Group-B: Infected and medicated with Sulphadimidine sodium.
Group-C: Infected and medicated with Amprolium and Vitamins
A&K.
Group-D: Infected and medicated with Suiphadimidine sodium and Vitamins A&K.
Group-E: Infected and non medicated.
Group-F: Non infected non-medicated (Control).
The clinical symptoms were more pronounced in those birds which were treated with Suiphadimidine and Amprolium without any supplementation of Vitamins A and K.
The mortality rate lower and OPG was nil at 12th day of medication in the group which was treated with Amprolium and Vitamins A&K supplementation than the other groups.
Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average weight gain of the birds was significantly improved by the addition of Vitamins A and K supplementation with Sulphadimidine and Amprolium than of the birds which were medicated without any vitamin supplementation. The average FCR of those groups which were medicated without vitamin supplementation and with vitamin supplementation were calculated as 3.9, 4.2, 3.7 and 3.9, respectively.
Haemoglobin estimation was also improved in the groups which were treated with the supplementation of vitamin A and vitamin K. And highest haemoglobin value was estimated in group C (9.8 gm/100 ml at 12th day of medication), which was medicated with Amprolium and vitamin A and vitamin K supplementation.
The study showed efficacy of Amproliurn and Suiphadimidine with Supplementation for vitamins A and K in descending order. Amprolium with supplementation of vitamins A and K was proved to be best drug against coccidiosis in quails.
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134.
Imunization Of Rabbits Against Boophilus Microplus Using Midgut And Salivary Glands
by Mohammad Asif | Dr. Khalid Saeed | Dr. H. A. Hashmi | Dr. Khushi | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2002Dissertation note: The current research was conducted as a simulation model in rabbits for the development of vaccines against cattle ticks Boophilus micro/us using tick salivary glands & midgut as the sources of antigens. The comparative efficacy of these vaccines was evaluated on the basis of antibody titres and tick rejection on the host in terms of mortality, decrease in egg laying and decrease in hatchability of eggs. It was found that the vaccine prepared from the midgut of B. microplus gave better results than the vaccine prepared from salivary glands. The highest percentage of dead ticks was observed in animals which were given midgut vaccine (21.82%). This vaccine also caused a significant decrease in the egg laying capacity of the ticks (35.83%). However, none of the vaccines had any significant effect on the hatchability of eggs laid by the ticks. The highest antibody titers were observed in rabbits injected with midgut vaccine (GMT=5.50), which was 45.28% higher than rabbits given salivary gland vaccine. The overall success rate for midgut vaccine, in terms of tick mortality on host, decrease in egg laying capacity and antibody titer,. was 37.06% for midgut vaccine while only 16.51% for salivary gland vaccine. The results are very encouraging and it is hoped that with the original host i.e. cattle, more satisfactory results can be achieved.
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135.
Effect Of High Dietary Fat On Serum Cholesterol And Fatty Liver Syndrome In Broiler
by Imran Ahmed Qureshi | Dr. Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry | Dr. H. A. Hashmi | Prof. Dr. Nisar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2003Dissertation note: The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of high dietary fat on serum cholesterol and fatty liver syndrome in broiler. For this purpose 90 (day-old) chicks were procured from local hatchery. They were divided into three groups A, B and C having 30 chicks each. The birds of group B were fed on diet containing plant and animal fat while birds of group C were fed on diet containing animal fat. Group A acted as control. Experimental parameters included serum cholesterol values and pathological changes in liver. The serum cholesterol values in chicks of groups B and C were higher than that of control group. Furthermore, the serum cholesterol value was greater in birds fed on animal fat that on plant fat. Grossly the livers of group B and C were enlarged in size, paler in colour, soft in consistency, having petechial haemorrhages, deposition of fat and fibrin. The livers of group A were grossly normal. Histopathologically, livers of group B and C showed fatty infiltration, haemorrhages and mass of eosinophilic materials. The vacuoles coalesced to create clear space that displaced the nuclei to the periphery of the cell. Addition of dietary fat from animal and plant sources in the diet of broiler chicks not only resulted in increase in serum cholesterol but also in marked macroscopic and microscopic changes in liver.
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136.
Identification And Chemotherapy Of Ectoparasites Of Camels (Camel Us Dromedarius) In Dera Ghazi Khan
by Muhammad Iqbal | Prof. Dr. H. A. Hashmi | Dr. Kamran Ashraf | Dr. Syed | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: The present project has been designed for identification and chemotherapy of
ecto-parasites of camels (Camelus dromedarius) from different areas of Dera-Ghazi-Khan. For this purpose 300 camels were examined during the period October to November 2004. Out of 300 camels 109(36.3%) were found infested with ecto-parasites. Two types of ectoparasites were found to be active during those days. Sixty three camels were infested with ticks. After collection these ticks were mounted for identification, with the help of their morphological characters. The only tick found to be identified was Hyalomma dromedarii and the tick infestation was found to be 21% in those areas during October-November 2004.
Similarly, 85 suspected camels were examined by skin scraping in the District Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Dera-Ghazi-Khan, for identification of mites 46 camels weie found to be infested with mange mites and the mange mites infestation was 15.3%. The species of mites identified was Sarcoptes scabiei var. cameli.
For chemotherapeutic trails 60 positive ecto-parasitic camels were divided into 3 groups i.e. A, B and C, 20 camels in each group. For further procedures these groups were divided into sub-groups i.e. A (Al + A2), B (Bi + B2) and C (Cl + C2) where each sub-group contained 10 animals (camels). Al, Bi and Cl were infested with mites and A2, B2 and C2 with ticks. The group A was treated with Ivermectin (Baymec; Bayer) at dose rate of 1 m1150 kg body weight sub/cut. Similarly the group B was treated with Neguvon (0.15%) solution with spray machine. Where the group C acted as infected, non-medicated control group.
The efficacy of Baymec on 7th day was 75% and on 14th day was 80%. But the efficacy of Neguvon (0.15% solution) on 7th day was 65% and on 14th day was 75%. The camels of group C were not treated and acted as control.
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137.
Comparison Of Different Diagnostic Techniques Against Fasciolosis In Buffaloes
by Muhammad Mutee-us-Salam | Prof. Dr. H. A. Hashmi | Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Prof. Dr. Zafar | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 2005Dissertation note: The present study as conducted to find out the most reliable technique for the diagnosis of fasciolosis in buffaloes and to calculate economic losses due to fasciolosis. A total 0 F 1 00 faecal samples were examined by Director Smear, Zinc-sulfate flotation and Sedimentation techniques. Prevalence was 2, 4 and 5 percent respectively. Although they are very cheap and simple techniques but detection of the disease in early stages is not possible. Where as Agar Gel Precipitation technique gave positive results as 8% is laborious technique. But the diagnosis during the early stages is possible. Prevalence of Fasciolosis in Young animals (below 2 years) was found 0% Direct Smear Method. 3.33% by Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique. 6.67° by Sedimentation Technique and 6.67% by using Agar Gel Precipitation technique. In Adult (above 2 years) the Prevalence was found 2.85% by Direct Smear Method, 4.28% by Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique. 4.28% by Sedimentation technique and 8.57% by using Agar Gel Precipitation Technique. In Males the Prevalence was found 0% by Direct Smear Method. 0% by Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique, 6.26% by Sedimentation Technique and 6.26% by using Agar Gel Precipitation Technique. In Females the Prevalence was Found 2.38% by Direct Smear Method. 4.76% by Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique. 4.76% , by Sedimentation Technique and 8.33% by using Agar ( el Precipitation Technique. In Neeli Ravi the Prevalence was found 2.35% by direct Smear Method. 4.76°/o by Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique. 4.76°/o by Sedimentation technique and 8.23% by using Agar Gel Precipitation Technique. In Kundi the Prevalence was found 0% by direct Smear Method. 0° b Zinc sulfate Flotation Technique. 6.66% by Sedimentation Technique and 6.66% by using Agar Gel Precipitation Technique. From the results ii appears that AGPT Sedimentation technique, Zinc-sulfate flotation and Direct Smear Method can be ranked as No. I. 2. 3. and 4 respectively in terms of their efficacy. Total economic losses due to fasciolosis during three months (Oct.-Dec.2004) were very high i.e. Rs.1016400.
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138.
Comparative Efficacy Of Different Prophylactic & Curative Measures Against Caecal Coccidiosis In Poultry
by Muhammad Imran Rashid | Dr. H. A. Hashmi | Dr. Irshad | Mr. Wasim Shehzad | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2006Dissertation note: To find out the therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of toltrazuril against coccidiosis, an experiment was conducted in the Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore.
One hundred and sixty (160) day old chicks were divided into 8 groups, i-e, A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H each consisting of 20 chicks. Group A acted as non-infected and non-medicated control, B was infected with Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts on day 16 and 26 @ 20000 per chick and acted as infected control. Similarly, all other members of different groups were also infected at the same rate. Members of Group C were administered toltrazuril orally in drinking water @ 7 mg/ kg body weight on day 18 & 19 and 25 & 26. Members of Group D were given toltrazuril @ 3.5 mg/kg body weight, of Group E @ 1.75 mg/kg as in group C & D, of Group F toltrazuril was given as prophylactic @ 7mg/kg on day 3 & 10. Members of Groups G & H were given irradiated (IEV) and formalized (FEV-48) Eimeria tenella vaccines respectively. IEV was orally given on day 3 & 10 whereas FEV was only given on day 10 of age.
The result indicated that maximum reduction of OPG counts (94.28 %) occurred in members of group D which was given half the dose (3.5 mg/kg) of toltrazuril, Group E (Administered quarter dose) was placed at no.2 and the reduction in this Group occurred as 93.71 %. The group G (IEV immunized) was placed at no. 3 by reducing 89.71 % mean OPG counts as compared to control Group B.
In terms of reduction of OPG counts other Groups were placed at no.4 (Group F given full dose prophylactic), no.5 (Group H immunized with FEV-48) and Group C showed the poorest performance (63.42 %) which was given full dose was placed at no. 6.
In terms of Mean body weight gains as compared to control (healthy) Group A, Group D was placed at no.1, Group E at no.2, Group G at no.3, Group C at no. 4 Group F at no.5, Group H at no.6 and Group B which acted as infected and non-medicated was placed at no.7. Ultimately, it was concluded that toltrazuril @ 3.50 mg/kg or immunization with IEV (irradiated vaccine) would be the best solution to the coccidiosis problem
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139.
Epidemiology Of Giardia Duodenalis And Cryptosporidium Parvum Infections In Calves And Young Dogs
by Khalid Saeed | Dr. William P. Shulaw, Advisor | Dr. Margaret A. Masterson | Dr. Thomas E.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: In recent years Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium parvum have been considered by some investigators to be important causes of diarrhea. The role of G. duodenalis as an enteropathogen in animals remains undetermined. Limited information is available concerning the effect of age and season on G. duodenalis and C. parvuni infection in calves. A year long prospective longitudinal study was conducted to determine the effect of age and a cross sectional study was conducted to determine the effect of season on infection rates and shedding intensity. Associations between Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections and abnormal stools were also determined. A separate case control study was conducted to investigate the association between Giardia, and Cryptosporidium infections and diarrhea in young dogs admitted to two animal shelters.
Giardia and Cryptosporidium cysts/oocysts were frequently identified in fecal samples from calves. Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 54% and 24% of samples respectively from 1 day to 387 day-old calves. About 80% of individual calves had at least one positive sample for Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections.
Age was a significant factor in determining Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections and cyst/oocyst shedding levels (P< 0.01). The highest proportion of Cryptosporidium-positive samples was from 2 week-old calves. Giardia cysts were most frequently identified in samples from 8 week-old calves and about 80% of samples had cysts.
Giardia cysts were less frequently found in samples collected in winter than in other seasons (P <0.01). Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts was not influenced by season. Among infected calves, Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding levels were higher in winter than in other seasons.
Giardia cysts were more frequently found in normal stools than in abnormal su)ols (P 0.01). Lrvptosporu.tiiein oocysts were more frequently identified in abnormal stools than in normal stools (0R3.5; P <0.001) and among infected calves higher oocyst shedding levels were observed in abnormal stools than in normal stools (P <0.01).
No association between Giardia cyst and Cryptosporidiuni oocyst shedding levels and diarrhea was observed in the young dogs studied. Giardia infections were more common in females than in male dogs (P- 0.03). Gender was not associated with i3pru,,poriduun infections (Pr- 0.32). but higher mean oocyst shedding was observed in males than in females (P < 0.01 ). Mean body condition scores of cases was slightly lower than that of control dogs (P= 0.04).
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140.
Incidence, Chemotherapy And Haematology Of Strongylosis In Horses Of District Layyah
by Kashif Mahboob | Dr. Jawaria Ali Khan | Dr. A. D. Khan Khosa | Prof. Dr, Khalid | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2007Dissertation note: The present project was designed to find out the infection rate of strongylosis, to test the anthelmintic efficacy of Endoectiven, Vermox, Neem (Melia Azadarch linn) and Oxfendazole, to study the effect of strongyloids on blood parameters in horses of district Layyah.
Horses were examined for the presence of strongylosis coprologically, till 50 horses naturally infected with strongyle spp. become available. Fifty horses were found positive for strongylosis out of eighty seven horses, so the infection rate of strongylosis was 57.47%. Fifty positive animals were randomly divided into five groups A, B, C, D and E each comprising of 10 animals. Another group F comprising of healthy horses was made. Each animal of group A was treated with Endoectiven (8 mg/kg body weight.), group B was treated with Vermox (10 mg/kg body weight), group C was treated with Neem (375 mg/kg body weight), group D was treated with Systamex (10mg/kg body weight) while group E was kept as positive control (untreated) and group F was kept as negative control (uninfected untreated). The efficacy of anthelmintics was calculated on the basis of reduction of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces on day 7 and 14 post treatment. Efficacy of Endoectiven (Closantel) was 0 % and 0 % on day 7 and 14 respectively. Efficacy of Vermox (Mebendazole) was 91.93% and 95.16% on day 7and 14 respectively. Efficacy of Neem (Melia Azadarch linn) was 6.89% and 8.62% on day 7 and 14 respectively. Efficacy of Systamex was 96.82% and 98.4 1% on day 7 and 14 respectively. It was concluded from the above results that Oxfendazole was found most effective than Mebendazole, Neem (Melia Azadarch linn) and Closantel, while Mebendazole showed better results than Neem (Melia Azadarch linn) and Closantel. Neem (Melia Azadarch linn) showed better results than Closantel.
Haematological parameters showed significant reduction in total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb) level and packed cell volume (PCV).
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141.
Comparative Reproductive Efficiency Amonth Imported Holstein Friesian, Farm Bron Pure Bred Holstein Friesion And Sahiwal cows
by Shamim | Dr. Naeem Ullah Khan | Dr. Atta ur | Dr. Rashid A Ch | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1988Dissertation note: The present study aimed at comparative performance of Sahiwal and Holstein Friesian animals under sub-tropical environmental conditions of Pakistan. The breeding records of 152 Sahiwal and 114 Holstein Friesian (90 Imported Holstein Friesian and 24 dauhters of originally imported animals kept at Harichand) cows were studied during 1978-82. An effort was also made to study the influence of some of the environmental factors on the parameters of reproductive traits. The main salient features of some of the economic traits studied are summarised as follows:
1) Imported, Local born Holstein Friesian and Sahiwal cows matured at 571.16 ÷ 14.13, 689.25 ± 32.74 and 937.27 ± 17.3 days while these heifers calved for the first time at the age of 855.98 ± 15.49, 989.25 + 31.95 and 1354.86 ± 17.72 days, respectively. The data indicate that Imported Holstein Friesian matured at an early age as compared to their daughters and Sahiwal (118-366 days), further Imported heifers calved 134 and 499 days earlier than local born Holstein Friesian and Sahiwal cows.
2) The number of services requiredpei'' conception was 1.47 + 0.054, 1.32 + 0.09 and 2.50 ± 0.09 for Imported Holstein Friesian, their progenies and Sahiwal. The results revealed that more number of services were required for conception in Sahiwal than the other two groups(1.03 to 1.18).
3) The average service period of Imported Holstein Friesian, Farm-born and Sahiwal were found to be 134.18 ± 16.72, 121.03 ± 12.09 and 153.53 ± 15.22 days which shows 13 and 32 days early conception after parturition in Farm-born than Imported Holstein Friesian and Sahiwal cows. Calving season has not affected this trait significantly.
4) The gestation length for Imported Holstein Friesian,their daughters and Sahiwal averaged 278.66 ± 1.21, 282.38 ± 2.38 and 287.86 ÷ 0.61 days, respectively. The data indicate that on an average Sahiwal cows carry their calves 9.20 and 5.48 days more than Imported and Farm-born Holstein Friesian. Season - hEd nc significant affect on Gestation length.
5) The overall average length of calving interval was 411.41 ÷ 17.56, 382.71 ÷ 11.52 and 441.05 ÷ 15.7 days in Imported Holstein Friesian,their progenies and Sahiwal cows. Minimum and Maximum inter-calving period was observed in Farm born and Sahiwal cows. Maximum calving occured in Winter, Autumn and Spring in Imported, Farm-born and Sahiwal while the minimum calving was observed in Summer and Autumn correspondingly.
6) The average lactation length was 323.91, 310.4 and 274.72 days in Imported Holstein Friesian,their daughters and Sahiwal
cows showing 49.19 and 35.68 days shorter duration of Sahiwal than Imported and Farm-born Holstein Friesian,respectively.
7) Milk production of 305 days was 3608.05, 3574.6 and
1727.42 litres respectively. The result revealed that Imported
Holstein Friesian produced significantly more milk than their
contemporary.
8) The dry period averaged 72.51 ÷ 8.76, 81.76 ± 7.15 and
175.35 ÷ 13.61 days in Imported Holstein Friesian,their progenies and Sahiwal while post-partum oestrous period was found to
be as 94.42 ± 10.19, 102.39 ± 10.71 and 93.3 ± 7.45 days correspondingly.
9) The sex ratio of males and females was 59.15:40.85, 67.13 : 32.69 and 57:43 in Imported Holstein Friesiañ, Farm-born and Sahiwal, while culling and mortality percentage was 33.33 and 18.88 in Holstein Friesian while the corresponding figures for Sahiwal 43.42 and 1 .13 per cent.
10) The reproductive efficiency of Imported Holstein Friesian, Farm-born and Sahiwal cows averaged 88.83 ± 1.95, 88.56 ± 2.7 and 85.36 ÷ 14.27 percent respectively. The analysis of variance showed non significant difference in the reproductive efficiency of all the three groups.
Although milk production is higher than Sahiwal, however heigh incidence of mastitis and mortality were the major problems in Holstein Friesian. Further Improvement can be made through controlling mortality and mastitis. To import the exotic breeed in N.W.F.P. was the first attempt, so furthrer investigations are required to draw conclusions on the performance of their crosses with non-descriptive cattle breeds in N.W.F.P. under rural conditions.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1132,T] (1).
142.
Nutritional Evaluation, Processing And Utilization Of Rumen Contents For Fattening Of Male Lohi Lambs
by Muhammad Shakeel Anwar | Prof.Dr.Talat Naseer Pasha | Dr. Jalees | Prof. Dr. M. A. Jabbar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: At present, 121.1 million heads of animals in Pakistan annually require about 10.9 and 90.36 tons of crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN), respectively. However the respective availability of these two nutrients is 6.7 and 69.0 million tons and thus, CP and TDN are 38.10 and 24.02% deficient per annum. For economical production of balanced feed for livestock, poultry, fish and pet animal, non-conventional feed resources need to be explored to find solution to the existing gaps. For this purpose the present study was conducted to determine the nutritional profile, processing and utilization of rumen contents for fattening of male Lohi lambs. The study was conducted in three phases. In phase one, bovine rumen contents were collected from the slaughter house near Bakar Mandi and were analyzed at Nutrition laboratory, UVAS, Lahore in triplicates before ensiling. In phase two, ensiling of wheat straw (Urea treated @4% of DM of wheat straw and also another ensiling without urea treatment) along with rumen contents will be done with or without 7% addition of molasses for minimum 60 days at Ravi Campus, Pattoki. pH of silages1,2,3&4 after 60 days was 4.78,4.70,4.92 and 5.11 respectively. The silage containing rumen contents and wheat straw showed a increase in C.P as compare to simple rumen contents and silages which were urea treated have significant (p<0.05) increase in C.P. In phase three, a metabolic trial was conducted at Ravi Campus Pattoki, in which 25 male Lohi lambs were fed the diets having total mixed ration (100%TMR) (Tc), 70%TMR with 30% silage1 (T1), 70% TMR plus 30% silage2 (T2), 70%TMR with 30% silage3 (T3), and70% TMR plus 30% silage4 (T4). The data thus obtained was statistically analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. The significant differences between means were tested by Duncan's Multiple Range test. DM intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher in control group than other groups offered silages containing rumen contents. There was non significant difference (P>.05) in DM intake between T1.T2 & T3. T4 was non significant to all other treatments. Statistical results showed non significant difference (P>.05) in total weight gain among all the treatments however maximum weight gain was observed in control treatment. Feed efficiency was also non significant (P>.05) among all the treatments. So we can use processed rumen contents as cheap protein source in small Ruminant feed. There were no harmful effects on health of lambs during whole trial. So we can replace 30% of conventional TMR with Rumen Contents safely.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1341,T] (1).
143.
Effect Of Different Dietary Levels Of Lysine During Phase Feeding On The Performance Of Male And Female Broilers
by Rabia Anjum | Prof. Dr. Makhdoom A. Jabbar | Dr. Saima | Prof. Dr. Muhammad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2012Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1452,T] (1).
144.
Vector Biology Of Aedes And Culex And Their Role In Dissemination Of Dengue Virus
by Syed Shakeel Shah | Prof. Dr. Azar Maqbool | Dr. Aftan A | Dr. Nisar Ahmed.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1659,T] (1).
145.
Prevalence Of Defferent Developmental Stages Of Aedes Mosquitoes And Their Role In Transmission Of Dengue
by Sabila Afzal | Prof. Dr. Azhar Maqbool | Dr. Aftab A | Dr. Muhammad Latif.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1735,T] (1).
146.
Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics
by Burtis, Carl. A.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: Delhi: Elsevier India, 2006Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.0756 Burtis 23152 4th 2006 Biochemistry] (5).
147.
Bioethics : Readings and Cases
by Brody A, Baruch | Engelhardt, Tristram Jr.
Material type: Publisher: Delhi: Pearson Education; 1987Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 174.2 Brody 23648 1st 2007 Bioethics] (1).
148.
Advances in Textile Biotechnology
by Nierstrasz, V | Cavaco-Paulo, A.
Edition: 1st Material type: Publisher: Delhi: Woodhead Publishing India Pvt Ltd; 2010Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 677.028 Paulo 26013 1st 2010 Biotechnology] (1).
149.
Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis : An Introduction / 5th ed
by Brown, T. A.
Edition: 5th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: UK : Wiley-Blackwell, 2006Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 572.8 Brown 19499 5th 2006 Genetics] (3). Checked out (1).
150.
Veterinary Dictionary
by Sood, M S | Sood, A K.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: India: C.B.S. Publishers & Distributers; 1990Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0890321 Sood 13410 1st 1990 Dictionary] (1).
