801.
Namal
by Nimra Ahmad.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Ilmo Irfan Publishers; 2017Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 891.2393 Nimra 33204 1st 2017 Novel] (2). Checked out (2).
802.
Paharri Ka Qaidi
by Nimra Ahmad.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Ilmo Irfan Publishers; 2014Availability: No items available Checked out (1).
803.
Shehar e Zaat
by Umera Ahmad.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Ilam o Irfan; 2016Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 891.439 Umera 32068 1st 2016 Novel] (1).
804.
Meray 50 Pasandeeda Seen
by Umera Ahmad.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: Pakistan: Ilmo Irfan 2006Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 891.4392 Umera 32058 1st 2006 Urdu.Literature] (1).
805.
Paaras
by Nimra Ahmad.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Ilmo Irfan Publishers; 2014Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 891.4393 Nimra 32065 1st 2014 Novel] (1).
806.
Meray Khawab, Meray Jugnu
by Nimra Ahmad.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Ilmo Irfan Publishers; 2011Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 891.4393 Nimra 32060 1st 2011 Novel] (1).
807.
Bs Aik Dagh e Nadamat
by Umera Ahmad.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Ilam o Irfan; 2017Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 891.439 Umera 32046 1st 2017 Novel] (1).
808.
Microbiological Analysis Of Food Contact Surfaces Used In Various University Cafeterias Of Lahore
by Rabab Akhtar (2014-VA-958) | Dr. Zubair Farooq | Dr. Sana Ullah Iqbal | Prof. Dr. Aftab Ahmad Anjum.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Personal hygiene and food contact surfaces are direct routes of cross contamination that can make food unsafe and are a major concern for food service facilities in controlling the spread of food borne pathogens. Good cleaning practices are particularly important in premises like cafeterias, preparing ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, as these foods are consumed without further cooking or processing to reduce or eliminate microorganisms. Lahore is educational capital of Pakistan where educational institutions are increasing and therefore number of students, eating meals from university cafeteria is becoming more frequent. Despite the growth of this sector, there is no effective education or training of the food handlers or hygienic control of the food sold as many of these were sealed last year due to unhygienic conditions. This study aims to evaluate the microbial status of various food contact surfaces that are used in various university cafeterias of Lahore so that recommendations could be provided and therefore risk of food poisoning cases among youth could minimize. For this study (n=120) samples were collected from food contact surfaces i.e. work tops, equipments, tools, utensils and hands of food handlers working in cafeteria of various universities of Lahore. Each sample was analyzed for microbiological tests i.e. Total Aerobic Colony Count (ACC), Total Coliform Count, Staphylococcal count and Salmonella. The microbiological quality of various food contact surfaces of university cafeterias preparing ready to eat food was determined. Results highlighted poor hygienic status of FCSs in Universities. Among 120 samples 95.28% have been poor hygiene status according guidelines. Work tops and food handler’s hands had high total plate count value. Utensils was having low bacterial load than other two surfaces. Total Coliform count on utensils was lower than other two surfaces that are work tops and food handler’s hands.
Summary
40
Staphylococcus count on hands was abundant as compare to other two surfaces. In all the three microbiological tests Total Coliform Count was lower as compared to Total Plate Count and Total Staphylococcus Count. In sum the hygiene status of all the surfaces was highly unacceptable indicating that these surfaces are harboring many pathogenic bacteria that could be transferred to food that will come in contact in result of cross-contamination as food contact surfaces and one of three basic routes of cross contamination of food. It indicates that FCSs directly involve in food poisoning and food-borne outbreaks. Guidelines should be provided and implemented to reduce the risk of food contamination. Awareness and proper training and good hygiene practices are highly recommended in light of given results. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2728-T] (1).
809.
Role Ofprebiotic Galacto - Oligosaccharides In Rehablitation Of Gut Microbiota Distrubed By Antibiotic Therapy
by Toheed Ahmad (2014-VA-545) | Dr. Sanaullah Iqbal | Dr. Azmat Ullah Khan | Dr. Muhammad Nawaz.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: In this research work, GOS was availed by Friesland campina Domo, Vivinal® GOS powder. Galacto-oligosaccride rich in whey product and is white homogeneous powder, neutral to slightly sweet,and were fed to the patients of sore throat who were on antibiotic trial to check the growth of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteriu, E. coli and total plate count after disturbing micro flora.Then, by using the same concentrations of antibiotic for two group and prebiotics were fed orally to group one which was treatment group and other was control only depend upon antibiotic. After 0, 5, 10 and 15 days the fecal samples were collected aseptically to check the growth of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, E. coli and total plate count. Colony counting was done very to count the colonies.The plates were incubated at 37 ºC and numbers of colonies were counted on digital colony counter. The results showed that treatment groupof Lactobacilli showed significantly high growth of colonies as compared to control group.The two-other bacteria Bifidobacterium and E. coli species were also tested. Bifidobacteriumrecovered back as earliest it was possible due to the consumption of GOS while it was opposite in case of control. In case of control group Bifidobacteria did not recover back to its original condition even on 15th day of sampling.In case of E. coli and Total Plate Count results of colonies counting showed that day 0 and 10 show the maximum growth of bacteria, the day 10 and 15 were also similar in statistically results due to the rapid increment in rehabilitation of gut micro-biota but the situation in E. coli case were little different because microflora’s strains did not much disturbed and E. coli growth were high in both groups as compare to all other bacteria. This was due to the naturally developed immunity of E. coli against antibiotic.Results of control group of total plat count was checked and
it was noticed that the growth of colonies was slow and the results of 0,5,10 and 15 days did match statistically as per requirement.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2725-T] (1).
810.
Prevalence Of Campylobacteriosis Among Diarrheic Children And Its Associated Risk Factors
by Zahra Aziz Butt (2014-VA-985) | Dr. Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq | Prof. Dr. Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad | Miss Noor-ul-Hudda.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Campylobacteriosis is an acute gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea (which could be
bloody), fever and abdominal cramps. Campylobacter is becoming a leading cause of bacterial
diarrheal disease worldwide. Campylobacter is a food born pathogen that can transmit to
children through unhygienic practices by mother during feeding, through contact with pets, or
consumption of raw milk, milk products, vegetables, undercooked poultry meat and
contaminated water. It can leads to fetal outcome in children. Post infection complications can
lead to reactive arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome and Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS). So the
study was design to measure the prevalence and associated risk factors of Campylobacteriosis
among children suffering from acute diarrhea in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore.
A total of 41 stool samples were collected through systematic random sampling from
children having complaint of acute diarrhea visiting a tertiary care hospital (MAYO Hospital) in
Lahore. The samples were transported within 6 hours of collection and cultured on modified
charcoal cefparazone deoxycholate agar and incubated at 42ᴼC for 42 hours for isolation of
Campylobacter. Then the samples were purified and various biochemical tests as catalase,3.5%
NaCl stress, and 1% glycine stress were performed. Out of 41 samples 7 showed no growth on
charcoal agar. Out of 34 samples that showed growth on charcoal agar 14 were positive
biochemically. So the prevalence was found to be 34%.
Data was analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 version. Descriptive statistics was applied to
check the frequencies of different risk factors. Risk factors like sociodemographics and other risk
factors related to hygiene as house member suffering from diarrhea, playing of child in muddy
areas, use of raw milk, bottle feeding, use of common latrines, washing of latrines, presence of
Summary
49
pets in house, access of pets to kitchen, restaurant eating and travelling to any other area were
studied. Chi square test was applied to check the association of different risk factors with
Campylobacteriosis. Three factors as washing of hands by mother before preparing food,
frequency of washing of latrines and consumption of food from restaurant before onset of illness
were found to be associated with the Campylobacteriosis.
Campylobacteriosis is an important disease of children which is underestimated in
Pakistan due to deficient knowledge in subject and financial constraints. Adequate awareness of
hand washing, good hygiene, proper cooking of food and boiling of drinking water can be
important in preventing infection. Careful attention should be given on the disease and further
studies should be conducted about the disease to study upcoming status of the disease . Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2734-T] (1).
811.
Estimation And Correlation Of Serum Electrolytes And Minerals Levels During Gastroentritis In Dogs
by Asif Hameed Awan (2008-VA-242) | Dr. Syed Saleem Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Ijaz.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: In gastroenteritis, there is severe diarrhoea and vomiting occurs, particularly in young dogs, it is a life-threatening condition due to loss of body fluid and vital electrolytes and minerals. Which contributes to high mortality. Fluid therapy in these patients is essential to correct hypovolemia, dehydration, acid-base imbalances and serum electrolyte abnormalities. Diarrhoea means increase in frequency, fluid quantity and volume of faecal excretion. As diarrhoea has different levels of dehydration recognized by their specific signs can lead to abnormal level of serum electrolytes and trace elements (minerals).
Serum concentration of electrolytes and minerals varies during gastroenteritis in dogs and its values change dramatically at different dehydration levels. Which could cause death in dogs.
The present study was designed to check the effect of diarrhea on different electrolyte and mineral. Total 40 dogs was included in this study from different private pet clinics and Pet Centre, UVAS, Lahore suffering from clinical diarrhea and vomiting irrespective of cause, These dogs were divided into four groups A, B, C and Control, comprising of 10 dogs in each group. Group A, B and C will be categorized according to dehydration state i.e. 0 - 5%, 5 -8% and 8 - 10% respectively. These groups were made on basis of clinical signs and Packed Cell Volume, (PCV), whereas Group D was be kept as a control, comprising of normal and healthy dogs. These were further subdivided on the basis of age. 5 dogs were included having less than 1 year age and 5 dogs were included having more than 1 year age with the same dehydration level.
PCV was checked to diagnose the level of dehydration. The PCV value, which comes in desire category, were further proceeded for serum collection to check the concentrations of serum electrolytes and minerals like Na, K, Cl, Cu, Zn and Fe through different methods like Na
CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY
Summary
46
and K were checked by flame photometer, Fe, Zn and Cu were checked by atomic absorption and Cl were determined by titration at WTO Laboratory and the Laboratory of Environmental Science, Department at University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore.
Analysis of variance ANOVA (1 way factorial) technique were used with Random Complete Block Design (RCBD) to compare serum electrolytes and trace elements concentration in gastroenteritis with the concentration of healthy one. Considering the importance and utilization of dogs in our country and substantial losses occur due to deficiency of vital electrolytes and minerals at different dehydration levels due to diarrhea and vomiting irrespective of the cause, the present project were planned to give proper guidance to dog’s owners for their treatment and quick recovery by knowing about the decreasing serum concentration of essential electrolytes and vital minerals during different dehydration levels have different age groups.
From the present study the value of sodium was observed significantly reduced (P<0.05) in all test groups (A, B, C) as compared to control unhydrated group of dogs when serum chemistry was done/ According to result of present study, the concentration of Na in healthy dog was 146.47 ± 3.06 (mmol/l) in infected dogs the concentration was Na= 144.40 ± 3.61 (mmol/l) while normal range of Na= 142-150mmol/l.
Chloride value was observed significantly reduced (P<0.05) in all test groups (A, B, C) as compared to control unhydrated group of dogs when serum chemistry was done. This Chloride value was also significantly reduced (P<0.05) in group A as compared to the groups B and C, while chloride value in group B was significantly reduced (P<0.05) as compared to group C. Potassium is another vital electrolyte that can be affected by dehydration. Potassium is important for muscle contraction and the heart’s rhythm. Small changes in the concentration of K in the bloodstream can have serious health hazards. Potassium value was observed significantly
Summary
47
reduced (P<0.05) in all test groups (A, B, C) as compared to control unhydrated group of dogs when serum chemistry was done. Copper value was observed significantly increased (P<0.05) in all test groups (A, B, C) as compared to control unhydrated group of dogs when serum chemistry was done. This copper value has been increased as the dehydration increases from group A to group C such that Control>A>B>C. Iron value was observed significantly reduced (P<0.05) in all test groups (A, B, C) as compared to control unhydrated group of dogs when serum chemistry was done. This value was also significantly reduced (P<0.05) in group C as compared to the groups A, but the iron value has no significant effect between group A and group B. Zinc value was observed significantly reduced (P<0.05) in all test groups (A, B, C) as compared to control unhydrated group of dogs when serum chemistry was done. Zinc value was also significantly reduced (P<0.05) in group C as compared to the groups A, but the iron value has no significant effect between group A and group B. Electrolytes such as sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), Cupper (Cu), and iron (Fe) are involved in several physiological processes like conduction of electrical impulse through nervous system and muscle contraction and their imbalance could lead a lowering of animal performance.
Dogs having gastroenteritis experienced diarrhea and vomiting due to which fluid loss along with vital electroytes like Na, K, Cl, Fe and Zn in dehydration inspite of Cu which increases as dehydration increases. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2733-T] (1).
812.
Bacho kay msayal ka Rohani Elaj
by Molana Mufti Shakeel Ahmad.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Ashra Mubashra; 2015Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 297.1 Shakeel 32148 1st 2015 Islam] (1).
813.
Anwar e Sahaba o Sahabiat
by Molana Mufti Bashir Ahmad Pasrori.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Maktaba Ashra Mubashra; 2015Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 297.1 Bashir 32146 1st 2015 Islam] (1).
814.
Aab e Hayaat
by Umera Ahmad.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Ilam o Irfan; 2017Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 891.439 Umera 32140 1st 2017 Novel] (1).
815.
Karakuram ka Taj Mahal
by Nimra Ahmad.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Ilam o Irfan; 2014Availability: No items available
816.
Biostatistics
by Ahmad, Dr. Qazi Shoeb | Dr. Mohd. Vaseem Ismail.
Edition: 1st ed. Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: New Delhi: University Science Press; 2012Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 570.15195 Ahmad 32197 1st 2012 Statistics] (1).
817.
Sirat e Mustaqeem
by Syed Masood Ahmad Shah.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Nigarshat; 1993Availability: No items available
818.
Jahan e Kargas
by Jelani, Ahmad Toufiq.
Edition: 1st.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Zain Publication; 2015Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 891.439 Jelani 32152 1st 2015 Islam] (1).
819.
Bacho kay Masayal ka Rohani Elaj
by Molana Mufti Shakeel Ahmad.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Ashra tul Mubashra; 2015Availability: No items available
820.
Islam its Meaning and Message
by Khurshid Ahmad.
Edition: 3rd Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 1999Availability: No items available
821.
Islam its Meaning and Message
by Khurshid Ahmad | Khurshid Ahmad.
Edition: 3rd ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: UK: Islamic Foundation; 1999Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 297 Khurshid 24978 3rd 1999 Islam] (2).
822.
Essential of Biochemistry / 1st ed.
by Mushtaq Ahmad.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Availability: No items available
823.
Maat Honay Tak
by Umera Ahmad.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Ilam o Irfan; 2017Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 891.439 Umera 32056 1st 2017 Novel] (1).
824.
A textbook of intermidiate zoology / 1st ed
by Sher Ahmad.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Shahid; Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: Sher ahmad 5223 Pattoki.library] (1).
825.
Anmol Moti / 1st ed.
by Mulana Ahmad Ali Mardani.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 297.7 Ahmad 32145 1st Islam] (1).
826.
Rahnuma-e-Khawateen / 4th ed.
by Mulana Mufti Shakeel Ahmad Naqshbandi.
Edition: 4th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 297.7 Shakeel 32177 4th Islam] (1).
827.
Tareekh Inqilaab Europe / 1st ed.
by Ikhlaq Ahmad Qadri.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Ilm-o-Irfan; 2013Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 947 Ikhlaq 32169 1st 2013 History] (1).
828.
Asaan Gharelu Totkon ka encyclopedia / 1st ed.
by Mulana Mufti Shakeel Ahmad.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 891.19 Shakeel 32142 1st 2016 urdu.Literature] (1).
829.
Waqiyat Islaaf kay qadam bay qadam / 1st ed.
by Hazrat Ishtiaq ahmad.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 297.66 Ishtiaq 32174 1st 2016 Islam] (1).
830.
Lafz Lafz Roshni / 1st ed.
by Mulana Mufti Shakeel Ahmad Naqshbandi.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 297.7 Shakeel 32160 1st 2017 Islam] (1).
831.
Mohabbat Subha Ka Sitara Hai
by Umera Ahmad.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Ilam o Irfan; 2016Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 891.439 Umera 32061 1st 2016 Novel] (1).
832.
An approach to economic problems of Pakistan
by Ahmad | Ahmed | Jamil Ahmed.
Edition: 2ndMaterial type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Karachi; Kifayat Acadamy: 1970Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 330.9549 Ahmad 10129 2nd 1970 History] (1).
833.
An Approach To Economics Problems Of Parkistan
by Syed Jamil Ahmad.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Karachi: Kifayat Academy; 1974Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 330 Jamil 10128 1st 1974 Economics] (1).
834.
Irrigated Agricultural Of Pakistan
by Dr. Nazir Ahmad.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Mirajuddin ; 1988Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 631.587 Nazir 12618 1st 1988 Agriculture] (1).
835.
Contemporary Pakistan / 1st ed.
by Manzoorudin Ahmad.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Karachi: Royal Book Company; 1980Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 954.9 Ahmad 11874 1st 1980 History] (1).
836.
Irrigated Agriculture Of Pakistan
by Ahmad, Dr. Nazir.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Pakistan: Gulbuerg; 1988Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 631.5870 Nazir 12617 1st Agriculture] (1).
837.
Palm Kernel Cake Feeding: Effect On Production And Reproduction Performance Of Crossbred Lactating Dairy Cows
by Muhammad Atif siddiq (2009-VA-401) | Dr. Ali Husnain | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Dr. M. Afzal Rashid.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Palm Kernel Cake Feeding: Effect On Production And Reproduction Performance Of Crossbred Lactating Dairy Cows Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2745-T] (1).
838.
Comparison Of Response Of Oral Versus Injectible Vitamin D In Children Having Rickets
by Rabia Mazari (2014-VA-909) | Dr. Waqas Ahmad | Dr. Huma Imran | Dr. Muhammad Nasir | Dr. Muhammad Bilal.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Nutritional rickets is a common problem in Pakistan as highlighted in different studies. Nutritional rickets is a childhood bone disorder in which bones become soften and deformity occurs. The main cause of this rickets is lack of vitamin D. In Pakistan, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children has been reported as 40%.
Methodology consist of division of 2 groups (oral, injectable).A specific amount of doses (200,000 i.u) was given to both groups for about 3 months. All children were followed up for two more visits on thirty and ninety day. In the follow-up visits the children were subjected to clinical, biochemical and radiological examination and their findings were recorded.
Anthropometric measurements included wide wrist frontal bossing, and head circumference etc. Biochemical findings included different test for serum calcium level, serum phosphorous level, serum alkaline phosphatase and 25 dehydroxyvitamin D. Radiological examination was consisting of X-Ray reports of wrist and knee.
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. Means were compared for significance
through LSD. Level of significance was defined as ≤ 0.05.Cohort software version Costat 6.303 was used for all statistical analysis.
There were no undesirable side effects observed in either group of children and both oral and injectable forms of treatment were well-tolerated. The injectable route was little bit highly efficient than oral one as expected. But this difference in efficiency is not that much significant.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2742-T] (1).
839.
Prevalence And Associated Risk Factors Of Needle Stick Injuries Among Health Care Workers In Government Tertiary Care Hospitals Of Lahore
by Gurdeep Singh (2014-VA-957) | Dr. Mamoona Chaudhry | Dr. Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq | Dr. Ali Ahmad sheikh.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: In present study, seventy six percent (n=228) of respondents were involved in
sharp injuries and twenty four percent (n=72) were not involved. This study concluded there
was high occurrence of needle stick sharps injuries among healthcare workers in tertiary care
hospitals of Lahore. There are several risks associated with handling healthcare sharps
among healthcare workers which include, needle prick that could be contributed to cases of
occupational infections such as HIV/AIDS. Majority of reported cases were due to following
reasons , inadequate supply of barrier products ,unsafe practice such as recapping of needle
In paramedical staff due to failure in standard guide lines to handle medical sharps and lack
of reporting of sharps incidents and very lower ratio utilization of post exposure
prophylaxis. It was observed that risks of needle stick injuries were reduced with the
experience. Those who have work experience of 5 years or less had higher ratio of sharp
injuries than those who had work experience five to eight years. Respondents with nursing
profession and laboratory technicians were at high risk; their exposure to handle sharps is
greater and due to failure in precautionary measure risk of needle stick injuries in this
category is higher compared to other. While Females were at high exposure risk of sharp
injuries at tertiary care hospitals than male. Respondents with education level of diploma
were more exposed to needle stick injuries as compared with degree holders in paramedical
staff. It was observed that shift of eight hour work is absolute and healthcare workers were
normal with it. If work load increased and time was exceeded then it was difficult to manage
such injuries .while training on infection control and prevention has no effect in government
hospitals of Lahore to decrease the risk of sharps injury among healthcare workers.
Several recommendations which need to be implemented at the hospitals were
identified as discussed below. and special attention need to be given to nurses , cleaners ,
the critical care section and the department of medicines There is need of fully trained
Summary
38
health care workers in critical care units , medical and surgical ward Momentary to
developed infection control department in every government and private hospital of Lahore
and give them special training about the handling of medical sharps. adequate supply of
barrier products (gloves, masks, lab coats etc) Check and balance on proper use of barrier
product , there is need of timely collection of used medical sharps in puncture proof
containers such as safety boxes that should be ¾ full when emptying .Need of safe
transportation in a covered vehicle for incarnation .Administration of hospital need to
developed polices for reporting of needle stick injuries by designing a log form that capture
information on demographic data of the employee. Data and time of injury, type of sharp,
procedure involved, part of body involved where it occurred. So it’s important to analyzed
enter data in an order to understand root cause. It’s important to conduct surveillance and
prevent further injury. Infection control department should need to check post-exposure
prophylaxis status in health care workers go through counseling and are followed up to
enhance post exposure prophylaxis in health care workers it’s not up to individual effort it’s
a team work by involving administration and health care workers.. In government hospitals of
Lahore there is many factors which contribute to needle stick injuries it might be reduced by
strengthening of reporting system is necessary. The responsibility of government is to
strengthen the check and balance on use of barrier products (gloves, pads, lab coats etc.) and
create awareness on standard guidelines on handling of medical sharps. Thus rate of needle
stick injuries could be reduced to acceptable level. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2748-T] (1).
840.
Development And Evaluation Of Vaccines Prepared From Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates Of Camel Mastitis
by Amjad Islam Aqib (2013-VA-947) | Dr. Muhammad Ijaz | Dr. Riaz Hussain | Prof. Dr. Aneela Zameer Durrani | Prof. Dr. Aftab Ahmad Anjum.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Development And Evaluation Of Vaccines Prepared From Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates Of Camel Mastitis Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2750-T] (1).
841.
Isolation And Characterization Of Phytase Producing Fungi For Poultry Feed
by Ali Ahmad (2002-VA-121) | Prof. Dr. Aftab Ahmad Anjum | Prof. Dr. Masood Rabbani | Prof. Dr. Kamran Ashraf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Isolation And Characterization Of Phytase Producing Fungi For Poultry Feed Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2770-T] (1).
842.
Comparative Freestall Occupancy Behavior Of Nili Ravi Buffalo And Holstein Cattle
by Sayyad Hussain Magsi | Dr. Muhammad Qamar Shahid | Dr. Nisar Ahmad | Dr. Muhammad Naveed-ul-Haque.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Livestock has great economic importance for our country, with 11.6% share to the total GDP of Pakistan (GOP, 2015-2016). It plays a major role in poverty alleviation in rural area of the country. Buffalo is the major milk producing animal. The share of buffalo milk is 61% of the total milk produced in the country (GOP, 2015-16). Buffaloes are managed under traditional housing where these animals are kept tethered most of the time. The lying surface always remains wet with their urine and feces thereby compromising animal production potential and health. Freestall housing is a better housing option with the specific purpose of providing a comfortable place for dairy cattle to lie down while motivating defecation and urination in the alley outside of the freestall. This system of housing in buffalo can improve their performance and needs to be explored.The current trial was conducted at Dairy Animal Training and Research Center, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus. The comparative freestall occupancy behavior of Nili Ravi buffaloes and Holstein pregnant heifers had been assessed. Thirty Nili Ravi (primiparous and multiparous) pregnant buffaloes and 30 Holstein pregnant heifers was introduced in a naturally ventilated shed having freestall. These animal were given free choice to sit in the sand bedded freestalls, in alleys with concrete floor or in open area with dirt for seven days and their stall occupancy behavior was observed.In second phase, animals restricted under covered area to forcibly (against one’s will) choose between sand bedded cubicles and concrete alley during night. The descriptive statistics was presented in %age of stall usage for every day till maximum stall filling. The logistic regression was used to compare the effect of parity, and weight on stall usage. Kaplan Meier survival curve was estimated to compare stall occupancy between parity.
When buffaloeswere given free choice to lie in freestall, or on concrete floor alleys or to lie on dirt floor in open area, they preferred to lie in open dirt area as compared to freestalls. When
Holstein heifers were given free choice, initially they preferred to lie in open dirt area but gradually the percentage of lying in freestalls increased. Similarly whenBuffaloes and Holstein heifers were restricted under covered area to forcibly choose between sand bedded cubicles and concrete alley during night, Holstein heifers started to lie in cubicles quickly as compared to buffaloes.Holstein heifers prefer to lie in freestalls when given free choice in comparison to buffaloes. Buffaloes having 4th and 3rd parity started to lie in cubicles earlier as compared to buffaloes having 2nd and 1stparty.This study could provide an important bench mark for freestall housing in buffaloes.
Livestock has great economic importance for our country, with 11.6% share to the total GDP of Pakistan (GOP, 2015-2016). It plays a major role in poverty alleviation in rural area of the country. Buffalo is the major milk producing animal. The share of buffalo milk is 61% of the total milk produced in the country (GOP, 2015-16). Buffaloes are managed under traditional housing where these animals are kept tethered most of the time. The lying surface always remains wet with their urine and feces thereby compromising animal production potential and health. Freestall housing is a better housing option with the specific purpose of providing a comfortable place for dairy cattle to lie down while motivating defecation and urination in the alley outside of the freestall. This system of housing in buffalo can improve their performance and needs to be explored.The current trial was conducted at Dairy Animal Training and Research Center, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus. The comparative freestall occupancy behavior of Nili Ravi buffaloes and Holstein pregnant heifers had been assessed. Thirty Nili Ravi (primiparous and multiparous) pregnant buffaloes and 30 Holstein pregnant heifers was introduced in a naturally ventilated shed having freestall. These animal were given free choice to sit in the sand bedded freestalls, in alleys with concrete floor or in open area with dirt for seven days and their stall occupancy behavior was observed.In second phase, animals restricted under covered area to forcibly (against one’s will) choose between sand bedded cubicles and concrete alley during night. The descriptive statistics was presented in %age of stall usage for every day till maximum stall filling. The logistic regression was used to compare the effect of parity, and weight on stall usage. Kaplan Meier survival curve was estimated to compare stall occupancy between parity.
When buffaloeswere given free choice to lie in freestall, or on concrete floor alleys or to lie on dirt floor in open area, they preferred to lie in open dirt area as compared to freestalls. When
Holstein heifers were given free choice, initially they preferred to lie in open dirt area but gradually the percentage of lying in freestalls increased. Similarly whenBuffaloes and Holstein heifers were restricted under covered area to forcibly choose between sand bedded cubicles and concrete alley during night, Holstein heifers started to lie in cubicles quickly as compared to buffaloes.Holstein heifers prefer to lie in freestalls when given free choice in comparison to buffaloes. Buffaloes having 4th and 3rd parity started to lie in cubicles earlier as compared to buffaloes having 2nd and 1stparty.This study could provide an important bench mark for freestall housing in buffaloes.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2766-T] (1).
843.
A Clinico-Biochemical Study Of Xylazine-Propofol,Meditomidine-Propofol, Diazepam-Propofol During Ovariohystrectomy Operationin Female Dogs
by Muhammad Ajmal (2006-VA-175) | Dr. Sadaf Aslam | Dr Ayesha Safdar | Dr. Nisar Ahmad.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Background:
Awareness among the small animals practitioner as the impedance has increased many fold on veterinary surgeons to select an ideal anesthetic provoking an ideal outcome during the ovariohystrectomy surgical interventions. The anesthesia should be selected in such a way that animal can recover from anesthesia early on and the operating room time for each patient be minimized in such a way that the animal bears minimum cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal changes due to different pre-anesthetic drugs used.
Hypothesis:
• Medetomidine-propofol might be better among all other three.
Parameters/Methodology:
For this study, fifteen dogs brought to the Pet center for ovariohystrectomywere selected, the
animalswere allocated into three treatment groups, viz. Groups A and Group B and Group C
with 5 animals each.
In group A animalsXylazineHCL was administered intramuscularly at the dose rate of 2.2mg/kgbody weight as pre anesthetic. After 3-5 minutes of preanesthetic injection propofol (6 mg/kg ofbody weight, IV) was injected. In group B, after surgical preparation, Medetomidine HCL in all the five dogs wasinjecting intramuscularly at the dose rate of 40 µg/kg body weight as pre anesthetics. After 3-5 minutes of pre anesthetic injection propofol (6 mg/kg of body weight, IV) was injected.
The dogs of group C Diazepam was injected intramuscularly (0.25 mg/kg) as pre
anesthetic. After 3-5 minutes of pre-anestheticinjectionpropofol (6 mg/kg of body weight, IV)
was injected.
Whilst regularly checking reflexes after short intervalsof time. After achieving of the
surgical stage of anesthesia, the surgical operation was begun.
Biochemical profile assessment was done for renal function tests (serum creatinine,
BUN) and live function tests (ALT, AST, and Alkaline phosphates).
Statistical Design:
The data wasanalyzed by One Way ANOVA followed by multiple comparison tests using
Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. The proportionate data was
analyzed through z-distribution test.
Outcome: Considering the significance of anesthesia in surgical interventions, this project was designed tostudy the effect new anesthesia combinations on cardiovascular system, renal and hepaticfunction for an efficacious and ideal pre-anesthetic combination for futuristic surgicalinterventions in dogs, with the aim to minimize surgical complications and accentuate early recovery.
LITERATURE CITED
Adetunji A, Ajadi R, Adewoye C, Oyemakinde B. 2002. Vol. 57 (4) 2002 Total Intravenous
Anaesthesia WithPropofol: Repeat Bolus Versus Continuous Propofol Infusion
Technique InXylazine-Premedicated Dogs.Veterinary Medicine.57 4.
Ambros B, Duke-Novakovski T, Pasloske KS. 2008. Comparison of theanesthetic efficacy and
cardiopulmonary effects of continuous rate infusions of alfaxalone-2-hydroxypropyl-β-
cyclodextrinandpropofol in dogs. American journal of veterinary research. 69 (11):
1391-1398.
Andaluz A, Trasserras O, Garcia F. 2005. Maternal and fetal effects of propofol anaesthesia in
the pregnant ewe. The Veterinary Journal. 170 (1): 77-83.
Borowicz KK, Czuczwar SJ. 2003. Effects ofetomidate, ketamine or propofol, and their
combinations with conventional antiepileptic drugs on amygdala-kindled convulsions in
rats. Neuropharmacology. 45 (3): 315-324.
Cillo JE 1999. Propofolanesthesia for outpatient oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oral Surgery,
Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 87 (5): 530-538.
Cockshott I, Briggs L, Douglas E, White M. 1987. PHARMACOKINETICS OF PROPOFOL IN
FEMALE PATIENTS Studies Using Single Bolus Injections. British Journal of
Anaesthesia. 59 (9): 1103-1110.
Concannon P, Meyers-Wallen V. 1991. Current and proposed methods for contraception and termination of pregnancy in dogs and cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical
Association. 198 (7): 1214-1225.
Davidson EB, Payton ME. 2004. Comparison of laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy and
ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Veterinary Surgery. 33 (1): 62-69. 22
Franks N, Lieb W. 1994. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of general anaesthesia.Nature. 367
(6464): 607-614.
Gales NJ 1989. Chemical restraint and anesthesia of pinnipeds: a review. Marine MammalScience. 5 (3): 228-256.
Gonzalez AD, Pechko AH, Kalafsky RE. 2003Topical compositions with a reversible
photochromic ingredient. In: Google Patents.
Hedenqvist P, Hellebrekers LJ. 2003. Laboratory animal analgesia, anesthesia, and euthanasia.
Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science. Volume 1: Essential Principles and Practices.
413-456.
Heidari SM, Loghmani P. 2014. Assessment of the effects of ketamine-fentanyl combination
versus propofol-remifentanil combination for sedation during endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography. Journal of research in medical sciences: the official journal of
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 19 (9): 860.
Jalanka HH, Roeken BO. 1990. The use of medetomidine, medetomidine-ketamine
combinations, and atipamezole in nondomestic mammals: a review. Journal of Zoo and
Wildlife Medicine.259-282.
Kanda T, Hikasa Y. 2008. Neurohormonal and metabolic effects of medetomidine compared
withxylazine in healthy cats. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research. 72 (3): 278-286.
Kawai S, Takagi Y, Kaneko S, Kurosawa T. 2011. Effect of three types of mixed anesthetic
agents alternate to ketamine in mice. Experimental Animals. 60 (5): 481-487.
Kotani Y, Shimazawa M, Yoshimura S, Iwama T, Hara H. 2008. The experimental and clinical
pharmacology of propofol, an anesthetic agent with neuroprotective properties. CNS
neuroscience& therapeutics. 14 (2): 95-106. 23
Lee DC. Using silver spike point needle-free electro-acupuncture for postoperative pain
management. Victoria University; 2008.
Maddern K, Adams VJ, Hill NA, Leece EA. 2010. Alfaxalone induction dose following
administration of medetomidine and butorphanol in the dog. Veterinary Anaesthesia and
Analgesia. 37 (1): 7-13.
Marik PE 2004. Propofol: therapeutic indications and side-effects. Current pharmaceutical
design. 10 (29): 3639-3649.
Mielck F, Stephan H, Weyland A, Sonntag H. 1999. Effects of one minimum alveolar anesthetic
concentration sevoflurane on cerebral metabolism, blood flow, and CO2 reactivity in
cardiac patients. Anesthesia& Analgesia. 89 (2): 364-369.
Mohammad FK, Faris GA-M, Al-Zubeady AZ. 2012. Developmental and behavioral effects of
medetomidine following in ovo injection in chicks. Neurotoxicologyand teratology. 34
(1): 214-218.
Muir III WW, Wiese AJ, March PA. 2003. Effects of morphine, lidocaine, ketamine, and
morphine-lidocaine-ketamine drug combination on minimum alveolar concentration in
dogs anesthetized with isoflurane. American journal of veterinary research. 64 (9): 1155-
1160.
Prassinos NN, Galatos AD, Raptopoulos D. 2005. A comparison of propofol, thiopental or ketamine as induction agents in goats. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 32 (5): 289-296.
RANA MS. GENERAL ANAESTHESIA IN SWINE: COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF
PROPOFOL, KETAMINE AND THIOPENTONE WITH XYLAZINE
PREMEDICATION. 2013. 24
Rodrigues SF, de Oliveira MA, Martins JO, Sannomiya P, de CássiaTostes R, Nigro D,
Carvalho MHC, Fortes ZB. 2006. Differential effects of chloral hydrate-and
ketamine/xylazine-inducedanesthesia by the sc route. Life sciences. 79 (17): 1630-1637.
Sams L, Braun C, Allman D, Hofmeister E. 2008. A comparison of the effects of propofol and
etomidate on the induction of anesthesia and on cardiopulmonary parameters in dogs.
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 35 (6): 488-494.
Suarez MA, Dzikiti BT, Stegmann FG, Hartman M. 2012. Comparison ofalfaxalone and
propofol administered as total intravenous anaesthesia for ovariohysterectomy in dogs.
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 39 (3): 236-244.
Tusell J, Andaluz A, Prandi D, Costa C, Garcıa F. 2005. Effects of epidural anaesthesia–
analgesia on intravenous anaesthesia with propofol. The Veterinary Journal. 169 (1): 108-
112.
Uilenreef JJ, Murrell JC, McKusick BC, Hellebrekers LJ. 2008. Dexmedetomidine continuous
rate infusion during isoflurane anaesthesia in canine surgical patients. Veterinary
Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 35 (1): 1-12.
Wheaton L, Benson G, Tranquilli W, Thurmon J. 1989. The oxytocic effect of xylazineon the
canine uterus. Theriogenology. 31 (4): 911-915.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2771-T] (1).
844.
Justice in historical islam.
by Qadri, Anwar Ahmad | Qadri | Qadri, Anwar Ahmad.
Edition: 1st/ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Pakistan: Muhammad Ashraf: 1968Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 347.991767 Qadri 11147 1st 1968 History] (1).
845.
Prevalence And Treatment Of Helminths In Race Horses During Summer Season In Lahore
by Syeda Qurrat-Ul-Ainn Zanjani (2008-VA-162) | Dr. Waseem Yaqub | Dr. Muhammad Hassan Saleem | Dr. Nasir Ahmad.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Horses and humans interact in many ways including a wide variety of sports competition, police work, agriculture, entertainment and warfare. The transport of horses across national boundaries for shows and performance competitions make the issue of worm control and containment of resistant strains a matter of global importance.
Among the diseases affecting horses, helminths infections are much extended. These parasites continue to be a significant threat to the health of horses. The nature or extent of damage varies with the parasites. They cause loss of nutrients, blood and serious economic losses. The control of nematodes in horses has been challenging for some years and there is general recognition that improvements should be made to commonly used worm control programs. These improvements should be based on scientific knowledge of the parasites, appropriate diagnostic techniques and should take into account the presence or potential selection for resistance to available anthelmintic. Horses of all ages are affected without sex or breed susceptibility. There is, therefore, a need to understand the current status of the prevalence and intensity of infection of helminths in horses
The prevalence and intensity of infection of helminths is influenced by the origin, age, and sex of animals. Horse breeders should regularly contact veterinarians for prophylactic and curative treatment of their animals and also, pasture management should be strictly respected. So, keeping in view the importance and economic losses rendered due to parasitic diseases.The background of this study is to diagnose the prevalence of helminths in race horses through fecal examination techniques.
The study was carried out at the Lahore Race Club for 6 months. A total of 300 horses were examined randomly.Fecal samples were collected from sampled horses and processed by Direct microscopic examination, Salt floatation, McMaster egg counting techniques. The data regarding age of animals, clinical history, feeding, housing and various treatment protocols as well as feedback were entered in the questionnaire. 45 horses were found infected with various parasites with the overall prevalence of 13.33%. Out of 45 horses, 10 horseswere infected with strongylus. 2 with trichostrongylus, 8 with oxyuris, 14 with parascaris, 6 with strongyloides and 5 with mixed infection. So, the prevalence for strongylus, trichostrongylus, oxyuris, parascaris, strongyloides and mixed infection was 3.33%, 0.66%, 2.66%, 4.66%, 2.0% and 1.66% respectively.
Drug trials were carried on positive animals. 5 grams of fecal sample from each animal was collected and drug trials were carried into 4 groups, i.e. A, B, C and D. Each group comprises of 10 animals,Pyrantelpamoate at 19mg/kg B.W. once orally,Ivermectin at 2mg/kg B.W. orally as single dose,Oxfendazoleat 10mg/kg B.W. once, Neem leaves orally at 375mg/kg B.W. once, were used in these four groups. The feces were examined on day 3, 7, 11 and 14 post-medication. The efficacy of the drugs was calculated on the basis of reductions in the number of ova per gram of feces.
The efficacy of pyrantelpamoate was 53.32%, 53.08%, 51.0% and 50.52% on days 3,7,11 and 14 respectively. The efficacy of ivermectin was 71.67%, 93.32% ,97.56% and 98.78% on days 3, 7, 11 and 14 respectively. The efficacy of oxfendazole was61.5%, 69.06%, 72.47%, and74.72% on days 3, 7, 11 and 14 respectively. The efficacy of neem leaves was 41.37%, 40.32%, 38.76% and 38.74% on days 3, 7, 11 and 14 respectively. It was concluded that ivermectin was most effective.
In hematological examination hemoglobin estimation, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count and differential leukocytic count was performed followed by the collection of 5ml of the blood aseptically. Groups A and D had low hemoglobin values. The values get improved in groups B and C after 4days, consecutive treatment of positive horses, the sample was drawn days from the relative groups to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for lowering the EPG.
This study helped to control helminthic load. Comparative efficacy of the drugs was also help in choosing the most effective drug against these parasites.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2775-T] (1).
846.
Effect Of Season (Breeding Vs. Low Breeding) And Breeding Method (Natural Vs. Ai) On Fertility, Embryonic And Fetal Losses In Lactating Nili-Ravi Buffalo Either Bred Naturally Or Artificially
by Arslan Qayyum (2015-VA-1076) | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Dr. Abdul Rehman | Dr. Muhammad Husaan Saleem.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Buffalo reproductive efficiency is challenging due to seasonal anestrus, lowered fertility and higher embryonic losses. Basic information on reproductive norms is generally lacking in buffalo. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of method of breeding and season on pregnancy rate, and cumulative embryonic and fetal losses in Nili-Ravi buffalo. Buffalo (n = 130) ranging from 4-8 years of age, having 350-550 kg body weight and 60-200 days post-partum were enrolled in this study. Estrus detection was performed twice a day by an apronized teaser buffalo bull for one hour each. A 2X2 factorial design was used to address method of breeding and season. Buffalo (n = 130) exhibiting estrus along with the presence of a large sized (>12 mm) follicle were randomly assigned to be bred either in peak breeding season (PBS; n = 80) or low breeding season (LBS; n = 50). Within each season buffalo were divided to receive either natural service (NS; n = 65) or artificial insemination (AI; n = 65). For natural service, buffalo, in estrus, was allowed to remain with the bull until mating. Artificial insemination was achieved, using frozen thawed semen of bull of known fertility, 24 hours after the onset of standing estrus. PBS comprised of September to December and LBS were from May to July. Serial ultrasonography was done on Day 30, 45, 60 and 90 after breeding (Day 0) to monitor pregnancy rate, embryonic mortality and fetal losses. Results revealed that the pregnancy rate when determined on Day 30 after breeding was higher in NS as compared to AI group (63% vs 43%; P < 0.05) during PBS while it did not differ (48% vs 32%; P > 0.05) in LBS. The cumulative embryonic and fetal losses between Day 31- 90, were significantly lower in PBS than LBS (33% vs 60%; P < 0.05), ignoring breeding method. In conclusion, pregnancy rates are better with natural service in peak breeding season and cumulative embryonic fetal losses were
SUMMARY
higher in low breeding season in Nili-Ravi buffalo. It is implied that this base line information can help in devising strategies to improve reproduction in buffal Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2784-T] (1).
847.
Effect Of Resynchronization With Ovsynch Or Cidr On Cumulative Pregnancy And Embryonic Losses In Cidr-Gnrh Synchronized Nili-Ravi Buffalo
by Usman Arshad (2010-VA-235) | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Prof. Dr. Main Abdul Sattar | Dr. Muhammad Hussan Saleem.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of resynchronization with either GnRH or P4 on Day 23 (controlled internal drug release device containing progesterone; CIDR) on pregnancy rate, cumulative pregnancy, and embryonic and fetal losses in CIDR-GnRH synchronized Nili-Ravi buffaloes. Buffaloes (n = 181) of mixed parity, lactating, 181 ± 73 days postpartum, a body condition score (BCS) of 3.2 ± 0.5 (scale of 1-5), and 450-600 kg weight were subjected to synchronization and resynchronization. All buffaloes received CIDR on Day -9.5. In addition, GnRH was injected 36 h after CIDR removal, and fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) was performed 18 h later (Day 0). On Day 23, buffaloes were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments: 1) CON (n = 63), 2) P4 (n = 55), and 3) GnRH (n = 63) for resynchronization (2nd AI). Pregnancy rate and embryonic and fetal losses were monitored by serial ultrasonography on Days 30, 45, 60, and 90 after synchronization (1st AI), respectively. The pregnancy retention rate in GnRH-treated buffaloes remained significantly and consistently higher (P < 0.05) than in the CON group at Days 30, 45, 60, and 90 after 1st FTAI. Based on the pregnancy diagnosis, on Day 30 post 1st AI, buffaloes in the CON, P4, and GnRH groups received: 1) Artificial insemination on detected estrus (AIDE; n = 37), 2) CIDR-GnRH protocol (CIDR; n = 27), and 3) Ovsynch protocol (OVS; n = 23), respectively. The pregnancy rate in resynchronized buffaloes did not differ (P > 0.05) between the OVS and CIDR groups, whereas the cumulative pregnancy rate in GnRH + OVS buffaloes (81%) after the 1st and 2nd FTAI when determined on Day 64 was higher (P < 0.05) than that in CON + AIDE (59%) buffaloes. The embryonic losses were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in GnRH-treated (18%) buffaloes than in CON (42%) buffaloes on Day 45 post 1st AI. Fetal losses were fewer and did not differ (P > 0.05) due to treatments on Day 60 or 90 post- 1st AI. In conclusion, 1) the
Summary
28
pregnancy rate and cumulative pregnancy rate in GnRH + OVS buffaloes were higher than in CON + AIDE buffaloes when determined on Day 64 after synchronization and resynchronization and 2) embryonic and fetal losses were lower in GnRH-treated buffaloes than in CON buffaloes when determined from Day 31 - 90. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2787-T] (1).
848.
Identification Of Genetic Marker In Gh, Igf-1 And Bmp15 Candidate Genes Associated With Growth Trait In Beetal Goat
by Mehwish Shareef (2009-VA-562) | Dr. Atia Basheer | Dr. Imran Zahoor | Prof. Dr. Aftab Ahmad Anjum.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Goats are pivotal indigenous assets of Pakistan and have an ample share in the annual production of milk and meat besides providing enough income to rural families. Beetal are famous for the meat and milk production and found throughout the Punjab province. But information regarding their genetic potential for meat production is still insufficientand need comprehensive genetic and genomic research. There is significant need to explore the candidate genes for growth traits in goat.GH, IGF-1 and BMP15 genes have been reported as candidate genes because they have a role in growth and skeletal development. It was hypothesized that polymorphism may be present in GH gene, IGF-1, and BMP15 genes which might also be associated with body weight and body measurements in Beetal goat. In the present study, 5 exons of growth hormone (GH) gene, exon 4 and partial region of intron 4 of IGF-1 gene and exon2 of BMP15 gene were amplified from goat genomic DNA.To assess this assumption, a total of 60 adult healthy animals of Beetal goat were selected on the basis of maximum variation in their body weight and body measurement (Body Length, height and heart girth). Animals were divided into two body weight categories, i.e. heavy and low.After blood collection (5ml), genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood and stored at -20ºC for further use. DNA quantification was performed through agarose gel electrophoresis with the help of standard. PCR conditions were optimized. The genotyping was done through RFLP. General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of the Statistical Analysis System package (SAS Institute Inc, version 9.1) was used to test the effectof genotype on the body weight, body length, body height, and chest girth.Present study resulted in the identification ofsome SNP in GH, IGF-1 candidate genes in Beetalgoats. Genotyping results were monomorphic in GH, and BMP15 genes in animals of studiedbreed, while IGF-1 gene was polymorphic and had significant associationof genotypes with body weight and with body measurements. Genotype AA is significantly associated with low body weight having 38.18 Kg body weight and heart girth 33.65 cm, (P<0.05). AA genotype is also significantly associated with body leangth (P<0.05). The goats having BB genotype is significantly associated with high body weight having body weight 47.13 Kg (P<0.05). Genotype AB is significantly associated with withers height (31.93 cm).The sequencing results of the IGF-1 gene showed conserved and showed no other mutation in studied exonUponsequencing,polymorphism was found in GH gene inhigher and lower body weight animals. One SNP was identified in exon 2. The Non-synonymous substitution mutation (A > G) of CGA to CAA at position 825 caused an amino acid change from threonine into Alanine. While one deletion mutation in intron 4was identifiedat position 1546 in this gene. Up-to our knowledge, this is the first study of growth trait genes in the Beetal goat breed of Pakistan and helpful to understand the genetics of growth genes in Beetal goat breed. It may lead us to the identification of useful molecular markers for future use in the selection of animals with better growth traits.
CONCLUSION
By evaluating the genotyping and sequencingresults of all the target regions of growth hormone GH, IGF-1 and BMP15 genes, it is concluded that GHgene and BMP15 gene in beetal goat are monomorphic. One substitution mutation in exon 2 G>Aat position 825 along with one deletionin intron 4at position 1546 can be used as genetic markers in selection programme of breeding. WhileIGF-1 is of prime importance because IGF-1 gene was polymorphic and had significant association with body weight and measurements.
RECOMMENDATION
Due to limited resources 60 animals were used to determine polymorphism in three growth genesand their association with growth traits. It is recommended for further studies complete gene could be genotyped and sequenced and more number of animals should be used to evaluate these traits in future.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2788-T] (1).
849.
Effect Of Age, Sex And Chilling Method On Meat Quality Traits Of Indigenous Goats
by Muhammad Umair Farid (2010-VA-221) | Mr. Jamal Nasir | Dr. Muhammad Hayat Jaspal | Prof .Dr. Aftab Ahmad Anjum.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Agriculture sector of Pakistan is crucial for the economy of the country, livestock constitutes major part of it. Livestock products like meat and milk are important source of protein for the human beings. With the rise in incomes and increasing urbanization, use of animal based protein source is increasing at a faster rate. Mutton in general and goat meat in particular is being preferred by the local consumers as well as by export destinations like Middle East. There are certain quality issues associated with goat meat like discoloration and toughening of meat. These problems are linked with age and sex of animal and processing factors like chilling. As the animal age, sex and chilling rate has significant effect on ultimate goat meat quality parameters like color, cooking loss and tenderness. So it is required to optimize age, sex and chilling rate in order to improve goat meat quality. Present study was designed to investigate the effect of age, sex and chilling regime of goat carcasses.
Animals were procured from Local animal market (mandi) and then slaughtered according to Halal standard method. After slaughtering, carcass were split into two halves longitudinally and one half for delayed and another for rapid chilling. Temperature and pH of the sirloin muscle were measured by inserting pH meter and food grade thermometer. For color determination Minolta® chroma meter was used and for tenderness determination texture analyzer was used.All the collected data was analyzed by using t-test under Complete Randomized Design and level of significance among different interaction were studied by using One Way ANOVA with the help of SAS 9.1. Results showed that,rapid chilling caused sudden fall in temperature but the rate of pH fall was slower than the delayed chilled carcass. After 2hour of slaughtering, rapidly chilled milk teeth animals had lower carcass temperature as compare to two teeth. While in case of sex, female goats had lower carcass temperature in contrast to male. Results revealed that age either
milk or twoteeth animals had non-significant effect on Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) values. Similarly color measurement also had no effect of age except lightness (L*), which was higher in milk teeth than two teeth animals. Animal sex had no effect on Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) and color values like lightness (L)*, redness (a*), yellowness (b*), chroma (C*) and hue angle (h). While sex have higher cooking loss % in male as compare to female. Chilling method directly related to the mean tenderness value.As, rapid chilling cause toughness of meat due to the difference in temperature and pH fall as compare to delayed chilling. In case of rapid chilling, mean Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) values were higher as compare to carcass which were subjected to delay chilling.
Based on the results of the present study, it has established fact that chilling has major effect on the quality of meat. Rapid chilling can lead to cold shortening of meat and as a result the end product could become tougher. While delayed chilling leads to more tender meat. As far as age of the animal is concerned, there is non-significant difference between milk teeth and two teeth goats. It is also common in Pakistan that consumers like to eat mutton from milk teeth and two teeth goats. However, mutton obtained from goats older than two teeth need investigation regarding meat quality. In the same way, exporters are exporting goat carcasses of milk and two teeth animals but the chilling method adopted by processors in not proper. It is common practice that due to shortage of time, processors do not allow the carcasses to stay for pre-chilling and put the carcasses in chillers directly. Ultimately the carcasses lead to cold shortening and consumers’ complaint about the tenderness of the meat. Secondly the age of the goat is directly linked with lightness of meat color, i.e. older animals have higher myoglobin content and this is the reason that older animals have dark colored meat.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2796-T] (1).
850.
Tashkhesi Medical Test
by Zaheer Ahmad Anjum.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Takhliqat; 2007Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.07 Zaheer 21191 1st 2007 Pathology] (1).
