1.
Veterinary Parasitology : Reference Manual
by Foreyt, William J.
Edition: 5th ed.Material type: Publisher: USA : Wiley-Blackwell, 2001Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.0089696 Foreyt 5th 2001 50617 Parasitology] (2), UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0089696 Foreyt 27012 5th 2001 Parasitology] (5). Checked out (2).
2.
Pollution
by Harrison, R M | Jones, Oliver | Preston, Martin R | Fawell, John | Mayes, Will | Cartmell, Elise | Pollard, Simon | Harrison, Roy M | Mackenzie, A Robert | Williams, Martin | Maynard, Robert | Ashmore, Mike | Holman, Claire | Shine, Keith P | Collins, Chris | Eduljee, Gev | Clift, Roland | Harrad, Stuart | Hewitt, C Nicholas | Delgado-Saborit, Juana Maria | Howarth, William | Bigg, Martin.
Edition: 5th ed.Material type: Publisher: Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 363.73 Harrison 5thed 2014 30046 En.Science] (1).
3.
Basic Statistics for Business & Economics
by Lind, Douglas A | Marchal, William G.
Edition: 7th Revised edition.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Newyork : McGraw-Hill Higher Education; 2010Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 519.5 Douglas 30350 1st 2011 Statistics] (2).
4.
Parasitic Nematodes
by Kennedy, Malcolm | Kennedy, Malcolm W | Harnett, William.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: Publisher: UK: CABI; 2013Availability: No items available Checked out (1).
5.
Manual of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine
by Macintire, Douglass K | Drobatz, Kenneth J | Haskins, Steven C | Saxon, William D.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: India : Wiley-Blackwell, 2012Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0896025 Macintire 2nd 2012 29154 CMS] (1).
6.
Handbook of Veterinary Anesthesia
by Muir William W. III DVM | John A. E. Hubbell.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: India : Jaypee Brothers, 1991Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.0897 Muir 14009 1st 1991 CMS] (1), UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0897 Muir 20512 2nd 1995 CMS] (3).
7.
Essentials of Small Animal Anaesthesia and Analgesia
by Grimm, Kurt A | Tranquilli, William J | Lamont, Leigh A.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0897 Grimm 30184 2/e 2011 CMS] (1).
8.
Chamber's Twentieth Century Dictionary : New Mid Century Version
by Geddie, William.
Edition: Frist reprint edition.Material type: Publisher: UK: Villafield Press; 1956Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 423 Geddie 4679 1/e 1956 Dictionaries] (1).
9.
Generating Software from Specifications
by Kastens, Uwe | Sloane, Anthony M | Waite, William M.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: USA : Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2007Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 005.1 Kastens 23026 1/e 2006 Computer.Science] (1).
10.
Basic Statistics for Business & Economics
by Lind, Douglas A | William C. Marchal | Samuel A. Wathen.
Edition: 5th ed.Material type: Publisher: Singapore: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2006Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 519.5 Lind 18474 5th 2006 Statistics] (2).
11.
Marketing : Principles and Perspectives
by Bearden, William O | Thomas N. Ingram | Raymond W. LaForge.
Edition: 5th ed.Material type: Publisher: USA : McGraw-Hill Education, 2007Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 658.8 Bearden 23280 5/e 2007 Management] (1).
12.
Netter's Essential Histology
by William K. Ovalle | Patrick C. Nahirney.
Edition: 2nd Material type: Publisher: China: Saunders; 2013Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 611.018 Ovalle 30226 2/e 2013 Histology] (1).
13.
Biostatistics for Animal Science
by Kaps, Miroslav | Lamberson, William R.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: UK : Oxford University Press, 2007Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 634.007727 Kaps 24751 1st.ed 2007 Statistics] (1).
14.
Biostatistics for Animal Science
by Kaps, Miroslav | Lamberson, William R.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: USA : Oxford University Press, 2004Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.00727 Kaps 50370 3rd 2017 Statistics] (5), UVAS Library [Call number: 636.00727 Kaps 17247 1/e 2004 Statistics] (1).
15.
Statistics for Experimenters
by Box, George E. P | Hunter, J. Stuart | Hunter, William G.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: Publisher: USA : Wiley-Interscience, 2005Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 519.5 Box 17927 2/e 2005 Statistics] (1).
16.
Operating Systems : Internals and Design Principles
by Stallings, William Phd.
Edition: 4th ed.Material type: Publisher: New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India; 2002Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 005.43 Stallings 15596 4th 2002 Computer.Science] (1).
17.
Statististical Techniques in Business and Economics
by Mason, Robert D | Lind, Douglas A | Marchal, William G.
Edition: 10th ed.Material type: Publisher: Singapore : McGraw Hill Higher Education, 2000Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 330.72 Mason 19934 10th 2000 Economics] (1).
18.
Using IBM® SPSS® Statistics for Social Statistics and Research Methods
by Wagner, William E.
Edition: 3rd EditionMaterial type: Publisher: USA:: SAGE Publications, Inc, 2011Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 300.285555 Wagner 27693 3rd 2011 Statistics] (1).
19.
Marketing
by Etzel, Michael J | Walker, Bruce J | Stanton, William J.
Edition: 13th ed.Material type: Publisher: USA : McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2004Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 657 Etzel 24363 13th 2004 Marketing] (1).
20.
Economics
by Samuelson, Paul A | Nordhaus, William D.
Edition: 18th edition.Material type: Publisher: Singapore: McGraw Hill; 2005Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 330 Samuelson 24306 1st 2005 Economics] (1).
21.
Multivariate Data Analysis
by Hair, Joseph | Black, William C | Anderson, Rolph E | Tatham, Ronald L.
Edition: 6th ed.Material type: Publisher: New Delhi: Pearson Prentice Hall; 2009Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 519.535 Hair 24733 6th 2009 Statistics] (1).
22.
The Art of Scientific Writing
by Ebel, Hans F | Bliefert, Claus | Russey, William E.
Edition: 2nd, Completely Revised Edition.Material type: Publisher: USA : Wiley-VCH, 2004Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 808.06654 Ebel 19757 1st 2004 Research] (1).
23.
Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis
by Kelly, William R.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: [S.l.] : Harcourt Publishers, 1974Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.089075 Kelly 18824 photocopy 2nd 1997 Pathology] (4), UVAS Library [Call number: 636.089075 Kelly 1330BB 2nd 1997 Pathology] (3). Checked out (1).
24.
The History of Indian Mutiny
by Kaye, Sir John William.
Edition: 1st edMaterial type: Publisher: [Pakistan] : Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2005Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 954.912 Kaye 21151 1st 2005 History] (1).
25.
Introduction to Genetic Analysis
by Griffiths, Anthony J.F | Wessler, Susan R | Lewontin, Richard C | Gelbart, William M | Suzuki, David T | Miller, Jeffrey H.
Edition: 8th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA : W. H. Freeman, 2004Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 576.5 Griffiths 17101 8th 2003 Genetics] (1).
26.
A Dictionary of Genetics / 6th ed
by King, Robert C | Stansfield, William D.
Edition: 6th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA : Oxford University Press, 2002Availability: Items available for loan: Old Books [Call number: 575.1 Science 9344] (1).
27.
Clinical Chemistry
by Marshall, William J | Bangert, S.
Edition: 5th ed.Material type: Publisher: [S.l.] : Mosby, 2004Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 616.0756 Marshall 17174 5th 2004 Biochemistry] (1).
28.
Concepts of Genetics
by Klug, William S | Cummings, Michael R | Spencer, Charlotte A | Palladino, Michael A.
Edition: International ed of 10th revised ed.Material type: Publisher: USA: Pearson, 2011Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 576.5 Klug 32919 10th 2018 Genetics] (3), UVAS Library [Call number: 576.5 Klug 28914 10th 2012 Genetics] (1).
29.
Introduction to Biotechnology
by Thieman, William J | Palladino, Michael A.
Material type: Publisher: India: Pearson Education, 2009Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 660.6 Thieman 23660 2nd 2009 Genetics] (2).
30.
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
by Elliott, William H | Elliott, Daphne C.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: Publisher: UK : Oxford University Press, 2001Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 573.44 Elliott 18114 2nd 2002 Biochemistry] (1).
31.
Theory and Problems of Genetics / 1st ed
by Stansfield, William D.
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: New York: McGraw-Hill, 1969Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 576.5 Stansfield 12118 1st 1969 Genetics] (1), UVAS Library [Call number: 576.5 Stansfield 9968 1st 1969 Genetics] (1).
32.
Case Files
by St, Eugene C. Toy; Jr. William E Seifert; Henry W.
Edition: International student edition.Material type: Publisher: USA : McGraw-Hill, 2005Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 573.44 Toy 22985 1st 2005 Biochemistry] (1).
33.
Modern Genetic Analysis : Integrating Genes and Genomes
by Griffiths, Anthony J.F | Gelbart, William M | Lewontin, Richard C | Miller, Jeffrey H.
Edition: Second Edition.Material type: Publisher: New York: W. H. Freeman, 2002Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 572.8 Griffiths 16512 2nd 2002 Genetics] (1).
34.
Biotechnology From A to Z
by Bains, William | Raab,Kirk G.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: Publisher: UK: Oxford University Press, 2003Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 660.603 Bains 20830 2nd 2003 Genetics] (1).
35.
Turkey : Sarzameen or Bashinday
by Spenser William | Ghulam Rasool Meher ( translator).
Edition: 1stMaterial type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: Lahore: Fiction house; 2000Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 956.0 Spenser William 16819 1st 2000 Urdu Literature] (1).
36.
A Dictionary of Genetics / 7th ed
by King, Robert C | Stansfield, William D | Mulligan, Pamela K.
Edition: 7th ed.Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: UK] : Oxford University Press, 2006Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 576.503 King 20079 7th 2006 Genetics] (1).
37.
Molecular and Cell Biology : Based on Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Molecular and Cell Biology
by Stansfield, William D. Cano, Raúl J. Colomé, Jaime S | Cullen, Katherine E (Editor).
Edition: 1stMaterial type: Publisher: Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill; 2010Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 572.8 Stansfield 24803 1st 2010 Genetics] (1).
38.
Protein Bioinformatics : An Algorithmic Approach to Sequence and Structure Analysis
by Eidhammer, Ingvar | Jonassen, Inge | Taylor, William R.
Edition: 1st ed.Material type: Publisher: UK: Wiley, 2004Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 572.633 Eidhammer 20843 1st 2004 Genetics] (1).
39.
Linguistics
by McGregor, William B.
Edition: 2nd ed.Material type: Publisher: India : Bloomsbury Academic, 2015Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 405 Mcgregor 30292 1st 2015 Eng.Literature] (1).
40.
Concepts of Genetics
by Klug, William S | Cummings, Michael R.
Edition: 4th Material type: Publisher: USA: Macmillan College Publishing Company; 1994Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 576.5 William 13559 4th 1994 Genetics] (1).
41.
Epidemiology Of Giardia Duodenalis And Cryptosporidium Parvum Infections In Calves And Young Dogs
by Khalid Saeed | Dr. William P. Shulaw, Advisor | Dr. Margaret A. Masterson | Dr. Thomas E.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1998Dissertation note: In recent years Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium parvum have been considered by some investigators to be important causes of diarrhea. The role of G. duodenalis as an enteropathogen in animals remains undetermined. Limited information is available concerning the effect of age and season on G. duodenalis and C. parvuni infection in calves. A year long prospective longitudinal study was conducted to determine the effect of age and a cross sectional study was conducted to determine the effect of season on infection rates and shedding intensity. Associations between Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections and abnormal stools were also determined. A separate case control study was conducted to investigate the association between Giardia, and Cryptosporidium infections and diarrhea in young dogs admitted to two animal shelters.
Giardia and Cryptosporidium cysts/oocysts were frequently identified in fecal samples from calves. Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 54% and 24% of samples respectively from 1 day to 387 day-old calves. About 80% of individual calves had at least one positive sample for Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections.
Age was a significant factor in determining Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections and cyst/oocyst shedding levels (P< 0.01). The highest proportion of Cryptosporidium-positive samples was from 2 week-old calves. Giardia cysts were most frequently identified in samples from 8 week-old calves and about 80% of samples had cysts.
Giardia cysts were less frequently found in samples collected in winter than in other seasons (P <0.01). Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts was not influenced by season. Among infected calves, Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding levels were higher in winter than in other seasons.
Giardia cysts were more frequently found in normal stools than in abnormal su)ols (P 0.01). Lrvptosporu.tiiein oocysts were more frequently identified in abnormal stools than in normal stools (0R3.5; P <0.001) and among infected calves higher oocyst shedding levels were observed in abnormal stools than in normal stools (P <0.01).
No association between Giardia cyst and Cryptosporidiuni oocyst shedding levels and diarrhea was observed in the young dogs studied. Giardia infections were more common in females than in male dogs (P- 0.03). Gender was not associated with i3pru,,poriduun infections (Pr- 0.32). but higher mean oocyst shedding was observed in males than in females (P < 0.01 ). Mean body condition scores of cases was slightly lower than that of control dogs (P= 0.04).
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 0945,T] (1).
42.
Comparative Growth Rate And Body Composittion Of Major Carps (Labio Rohita , Cata Catla And Cirhinus Mrigala )
by Noor Khan | Prof . Dr . Grant William Vandenberg | Prof . Dr . Makhdoom Abdul Jabbar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2011Dissertation note: Presently fish culture in Pakistan is primarily dependent on natural food produced in pond by the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. It is supplemented with cheaper agriculture by-products to meet the nutrient deficiencies. Artificial feed which is a blend of various plant and animal by-products is rarely used. Development .of appropriate artificial feed now has become mandatory to transform conventional fish culture practices to advanced fish production systems to improve per unit fish production. The present study was therefore signed to formulate a quality supplementary feed from cheap and easily available feed ingredients that contains at least minimum required nutrients for different age groups (fingerlings and grow-out). The feeds developed during these studies were evaluated in terms of growth, diet utilizalion efficiency and its effect on the body composition and flesh quality of the three Indian majr carps (Catla cat/a, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala).The study comprised of three trials. Trial I was conducted on fingerlings of individual species under monoculture system using 42% protein diet. Trials II and III were conducted on Grow-out fish using 35% protein diet under monoculture and polyculture systems. The study was conducted in earthen ponds having an area of 0.03 ha with three replicates and a control. After preliminary preparation of ponds, in trial I, fingerlings were stocked at 80 fish per pond. while in trial II at 70 fish of each species and in trial III ratio of 30%, 50% and 20% of Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala per pond were maintained. All the ponds received same amount of organic and inorganic fertilizers (cow dung, poultry manure, SSP and urea) thoughout the experimental period. Supplementary feed in trial I was applied at 4% of fish wet body while in trial II and III feed was applied at 3% of fish wet body weight daily. In trial I 42% protein diet was used containing fish meal. soybean meal. maize gluten (60%). rice polish, wheat bran. maize grains. molasses. vitamins and minerals while in trial II and III 3YYo protein diet containing fish meal, soybean meal. canola meal. rice polish. wheat bran, molasses, vitamins and mineral was used. Growth parameters in terms of length and weight gam were regularly monitored fortnightly. Organolept sensory evaluation was done at the termination of each trial. Proximate fish body composition was determined at the start and at the end of the experimental trials. Fatty acid profile of three experiments was performed at the post-trial basis. In addition, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FeR). protein efficiency ratio (PER). protein utilization (PU). gross nitrogen retention efficiency (G RE %) and gross energy retention efficiency (GERE %) were also determined. Proximate analysis of feed ingredients and formulated diets was also done. Key physico-chemical parameters viz. temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), free CO2, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, light penetration. salinity and nitrates, were regularly monitored during the study period. In trial I the highest net weight gain was observed in treatment group (D 1) (Catla calla 9425.83 g and 171.5 mm) followed by Labeo rohita (374.34 g and 178.7 mm) and Cirrhinus mrigala (288.18 g and 161.9mm). The lowest growth was observed in Cirrhinus mrigala (176.9 g and 116.4 mm) in control (DO). A significant difference was observed regarding net weight gain among three fish species and between different treatments (DO and 0 I). The net weight gain was significantly higher in trial I treated (01) ponds than control (~O). Percent weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR %) were also determined. Labeo rohita exhibited higher values (1762.51 % and 3.03%) followed by Catla calla (1341.58% and 2.95%), while Cirrhinus mrigala showed lowest (976.17% and 2.6%) with experimental diet (DI) Again Cirrhinus mrigala exhibited lowest percent weight gain and SGR (300.85% and '1.54%)in control (DO) ponds. In trial II grow-out under monoculture the net weight gain of fish differed significantly among three fish species and between treatments (DO and D2). Calla catla showed highest net weight gain (37\.88 g and 72.2 mm) followed by Labeo rohita (310.18 g and 72.3 mm) and Cirrhinus mrigala (270.75 g and 57 mm) in experimental unit (02) while a lowest net weight gain of Cirrhinus mrigala (162.15 g and 36.5 mrn ) was observed in control (DO). Percent weight gain and specific growth rate of three fish species Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo rohita under different treatments were found non-significant. Although Catla catla showed highest percent weight gain and SGR values (109.78% and 0.81 %) followed by Labeo rohita (90.93% and 0.69%) and Cirrhinus mrigala (84.3% and 0.65%), respectively with experimental diet (D2). Lowest values of percent weight gain and SGR (48.54% and 0.43%) were observed for Cirrhinus mrigala in control ponds (DO). In trial III grow-out under poly culture the average final weight of fish was significantly different in control (~O) and experimental diets (02) while species showed non-significant difference regarding final weight and net weight gain. The highest final and net weight gain of Lobeo rohita (679.46 g and 370.5 g) followed by Cirrhinus mrigala (674.52 g and 303.86 g ) and Catla catla (607.2 and 307.06 g), respectively in experimental unit (D2) while Catla catla exhibited lowest final weight and net gain in weight (493 g and 182.3 g) in control (DO). Regarding percent weight gain and specific growth rate of three fish species under polyculture system no significant difference was observed hence, Labeo rohita showed highest percent weight gain and SGR (126.87% and 0.9%) followed by Catla catla (l 02.31 % and 0.76%) and Cirrhinus mrigala (85.15% and 0.63%), respectively with experimental diet, while Cirrhinus mrigala once again showed lowest values (40.12% and 0.37%), respectively in control diet (DO). Feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein utilization (PU), gross nitrogen retention efficiency (GNRE %) and gross energy retention efficiency (GERE %), in all the three experiments under monoculture as well as in polyculture system, for fingerlings and grow-out fish of three species were found non-significantly different. However, in trial I fingerlings better FCR values (1.63, 1.56 and 1.43) were obtained for Catla catla, Cirrhinus Mrigala and Labeo rohita. Regarding gross nitrogen retention efficiency Catla catla showed highest GNRE % value (10.4) followed by Labeo rohita (9.3) and were found significantly different from Cirrhinus mrigala (6.5) in experimental unit. In trial II grow-out monoculture, FCR values 3.7. 4.57 and 4.56 for Calla calla. Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo rohita were pbtained while GNRE % varied 9.5,5.8 and 8.0. respectively. In trial III grow-out poIyculture the FCR values of three species varied from 3.99, 4.72 and 3.61, respectively while GNRE % varied from 10.3, 8.2 and 12.5%, respectively among Calla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo Rohita. The Labeo rohita for GNRE% differed significantly from other two species. No significant difference among species and between diets (DO, D 1 and D2) was observed in proximate composition in all the three experiments. However, in case of fingerlings Labeo rohita under experimental diet (D 1) showed higher protein contents (16.44<Yo) while Catla catla showed the lowest protein content (12.9%). Crude fat contents were found highest (7.28 %) in Labeo rohita with control diet (DO) followed by Cirrhinus mrigala (6.96 %) and Labeo rohita (6.S2 %) in experimental diet (01) while lowest values were observed for Calla catla (4.17%) in control (DO). The Ash contents showed minor variations among species and treatments ranged from (4.81 % and 3.S6%) for Catla catla, (4.34% and 4.7S%) for Cirrhinus mrigala and (3.98% and 4.49%) for Labeo rohita in control and treated ponds, respectively. Highest gross energy was found (6.S3MJg'l) for Labeo rohita and lowest (S.OMJg'l) for Catla catla with experimental diet (D 1). In trial II grow-out monoculture the highest crude protein contents (1S .16%) were observed in Labeo rohita followed by Cirrhinus mrigala (14.S3%) with control diet (~O) while lowest for Labeo rohita (12.13%) in (02). Higher contents of crude fat (7.31 %) were observed in Cirrhinus mrigala followed by Catla catla (S.38%) in experimental group and lowest amount 3.18% and 3.19% was observed for Cirrhinus mrigala and Catla catla in control group (~O) . . Higher amount 4.11 % was found in Catla catla under control (~O) while lowest amount 3.1 % was observed in Labeo rohita under experimental diet (D2). Highest gross energy percentage 996.13%) was observed for Cirrhinus mrigala under experimental diet (D2) while lowest 4.91 % was observed for Catla catla in control group (DO). In case of experiment III grow-out polyculture the proximate body composition highest crude protein contents (IS.76% and 10.53%) were observed for Cirrhinus mrigala followed by catla catla 911.87% and 13.3S%) and Labeo rohita (12.72% and 6.S6%) in treated (D2) and control (DO) group. respectively. Higher crude fat contents (6.S7%) were observed in Cirrhinus mrigala under (D2) while lowest (3.13%) in Labeo rohita and (2.9S%) in Catla catla. Ash percentage was found higher in Catla catla and lowest (2.14%) in Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala (2.87%) under (DO). Gross energy contents were found highest (6.84MJg,l) in catlacalla under (DO) and (6.56MJg,l) Cirrhinus mrigala under (D2) while lowest amount (3.24MJg.l) were observed in Labeo rohita under (DO). Mineral composition of three fish species under three dfferent experiments showed non- sign ificant differences. Minor variation regarding mineral composition was observed in pre- treatment and post-treatment level. However. Ca and P contents showed relatively higher percentage than Mg and K contents in all the three experiments. A significant difference was observed in Mg contents in experiment III where Catla catla showed significantly higher (0.045%) percentage than Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo rohita each containing 0.02%. A significant difference was observed in fatty acid profile among three fish species and between diets (~O, Oland D2). Among fatty acids, palmitic acid (C 16:0) was found a dominating fatty acids in all the three experiments. In trial I highest concentration (40.59 g 100 g-1 was found in Cirrhinus mrigala under (DO) and 37.19 in (D1) while lowest (30.75 and 30.78 g 100 g.l) in Labeo rohita and Catla catla under (D 1). The concentration of total saturated fatty acids were observed higher and ranged from (40.20 to 53.29 g 100 g-I) followed by total monounsaturated fatty acids (29.30 to 37.81 g 100 g-I), w-6 PUFA (7.65 to 14.94 g 100 g') and @-3 PUFA (7.76 to 11.07 g 100 g-I). respectively. In case of trial II significant differences were also found among three fish species and diets (D0 and 02) for different fatty acids composition. Palmitic acid (C 16:0) also showed highest concentration ranged from 28.36 to 29.73 g 100 g-I). Total saturated fatty acids were found higher that varied from (35.90 to 39.41 g 100 g-I) followed by total monounsaturated fatty acids (36.52 to 40.84 g 100 g-I), and l:PUFA (19.02 to 24.40 g 100 g-I), respectively. In trial III once again same pattern of dominance of palmitic acid along with total saturated fatty acids (36.43 to 42.24 g 100 g-I) followed by total monounsaturated fatty acids (36.899 to 43.72 g 100 g-I) and 2:PUFA (14.97 to 23.03 g 100 g-I) were observed. In case of organoleptic evaluation all the species under di Iferent culture system and treatments illustrated non-significant differences. Hence. significant differences were observed among different cooking processes (steamed and fried fish). The physico-chemical parameters of pond water remained within the acceptable limit for Fish gowth. Although comparatively lower values of temperature were found for experiment II and III for grow-out trial that was conducted in fall. The correlation co-efficient studies revealed a positive significant correlation of temperature, TDS, light penetration and salinity with growth of fish species while pH showed positive non-significant correlation with growth of fish. It was concluded from the present study that both the experimental diets D I and 02 for different age groups (fingerlings and grow-out) showed significantly higher growth of all the three species in monoculture system. The diet D2 did not showed any significant higher growth in polyculture system but overall growth performance remained high in polyculture than monoculture treated ponds of grow-out fish. Comparison of species indicated that artificial diets (DI and D2) remained much suitable for Catla catla and Labeo rohita than Cirrhinus mrigala under both the culture systems. Non-significant difference was observed in the body composition and flesh quality irrespective of their economic viability. Information derived from the present research experiments will be useful in future research and formulating supplementary feed for Indian major craps for different age groups. It can also be helpful in understanding the mineral and fatty aeid profiles of the Indian major carps cultured under semi-intensive pond culure system whieh is first study of its kind on these species in Pakistan.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1290,T] (1).
43.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
by Brown, William H.
Edition: 2nd Material type: Publisher: USA: Wiley; 2002Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 547 Brown 18532 2nd 2002 Chemistry] (1).
44.
Life : The Science of Biology / 8th ed
by Sadava, David E | H. Craig Heller | Gordon H. Orians | William K. Purves | David M. Hillis.
Edition: 8th Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: USA: W. H. Freeman; 2008Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 570 David 19278 8th 2008 Zoology] (1).
45.
Applied Veterinary Histology / 2nd ed
by Banks, William J.
Edition: 2nd Material type: Publisher: USA: Williams & Wilkins; 1981Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 611.018 William 12739 2nd 1981 Histology] (2), UVAS Library [Call number: 611.018 William 15843 2nd 1981 Histology] (2).
46.
Color Atlas and Textbook of Tissue and Cellular Pathology
by Sandritter, Walter | Wartman, B, William.
Edition: 5th Revised edition.Material type: Publisher: USA: Year Book Medical Publishers, 1976Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 611.018 Walter 10973 5th 1976 Pathology] (1).
47.
Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals
by Reece, William O.
Edition: Third ed.Material type: Publisher: USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005Availability: Items available for loan: Pattoki Library [Call number: 636.0892 William 16498 3rd 2005 Anatomy] (3), UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0892 William 17850 3rd 2005 Anatomy] (5).
48.
Applied Veterinary Histology / 3rd ed
by Banks, William J.
Edition: 3rdMaterial type: Publisher: USA: Williams & Wilkins; 1981Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 611.018 William 14222 3rd 1993 Histology] (1).
49.
Duke's Physiology of Domestic Animals / 11th ed
by Swenson, Melvin J | William O. Reece.
Edition: 11th ed.Material type: Publisher: India: Panima publishing; 1996Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 636.0892 Swenson 12410 11th 1996 Physiology] (19). Checked out (1).
50.
General and Comparative Physiology
by Hoar, William Stewart.
Edition: 3rd ed.Material type: Publisher: Delhi: Prentice Hall, 1983Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 612 Hoar 13254 3rd 1983 Physiology] (1).
